INTRODUCTION:

This research project paper tends to analyze the evolution of the concept or ideology of
nationalism in the countries of Europe and Indian nation. The term nationalism can be
explained in simple words as the concept of idea that is risen by events or movements that
brings a united idea of the people of the country to come together towards the generous
welfare interests of the nation on the whole with a common welfare improving outcome. The
idea of nationalism is to bind the holistic ideas and a striving intention in a way of a most
wanted or desired needs of a social group is being hindered by certain social obligations gave
the path to achieve an idea of nationalism, and its greatest determining factor changing the
way of modern historical world and the its impact in the existing world also has its dynamic
nature of scope in the sources of social demographics with all-prevailing sentiment molding
public and private life in the society. The further more research will be based on the concepts
that arose out of the nationalism movements in the respective nations of Europe and India and
analyze the similarities and differences as a comparative study. The main thing with the rise
of idea of nationalism tend to vary in each country, and even in todays modern world the pre
historic conditions of the nationalistic ideas that was mainly codified has a huge impact even
in today’s world , as the surge for the strive of development ideas never end and the scope of
growth in the general aspect of the society has a tremendous effect on the side of the nation.
The concept in this project will introduce the rise of nationalism in Europe and India by the
events and revolutionary movements of respective nations on various occasions on the
nationalist movements in the particular countries and the similarities and difference in the
events and ideas of each movements in the respective rise of nationalism. There is an
important point also, that one European nation that ruled India over a period of time before
the country’s independence and how the intervention of ideas that arose out of the conflict of
the two nations as the there is the idea in Europe has a major influence in the concept of the
French revolution took place has a major impact of nationalism in the European ideas and the
freedom fight and struggle has a major impact with the context Indian revolutionary
movements for freedom has impacted in the huge rise of nationalism and the only goal in the
scope was to achieve the desired needs in achieving the goals of the whole society of the
same class of the nation.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

The review of literature for a research paper is based on the prolific study of previous
research papers that explains the area of study and the work id summarize and enumerate the
study and arrive at objective review of the research.

• Mary Kaldor, “The new nationalism in Europe”, Journal: Peace Review A Journal of
Social Justice Volume 5, 1993 - Issue 2:

In this article the author gives a study and the review of article that is based on the new
outcomes on the modern-day changes in the nation’s interests and the evolved emphasizing
outcome of the nationalist idea and the importance of the establishment of the idea and the
revolutionary movements that took place for the rise of the ideology. And this article helped
on understanding the ideas of the nationalistic movement in Europe and its scope of the idea
of nationalism is confined to the European region limiting it that the fact that the it helped to
the understanding the acts that was considered as nationalistic idea in the European context
and helped in the interpreting study in the paper.

• DUSCHE, MICHAEL. “Origins of Ethnic Nationalism in Germany and

Repercussions in India.” Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 45, no. 22, 2010, pp. 37–46.

It is pertinent to study the origins of nationalism against the backdrop of the 20th anniversary
of the fall of the Berlin Wall. It is generally agreed that nationalism as an ideology emerged
in the wake of the French Revolution. As one treks through the history of nationalism in
Europe, the rise of ethnic nationalism and its origins in the thought of German Romanticism,
the uncanny influence European nationalism had on the ideas of ethnic nationalists in
colonial India can be visibly seen, and this paper in the repercussions of the nationalism in
the Indian context of nationalism will have it impact on the area of study to check the
differences in the scope of idea between the nations in this project with the help of this
article.

• Seal, Anil. “Imperialism and Nationalism in India.” Modern Asian Studies, vol. 7, no.
3, 1973, pp. 321–347:
In this article the author gives the interpreting factor of imperialism with nationalism and the
various elements that are required to establish the ideology in the society with ambit of the
occurrence of the reforming movements that gave path to the birth of the idea of imperialism
and nationalism and in this paper the this idea has some positive interventions in the scope of
the factor of imperialism has an effect over the nationalistic idea put for in the context of the
study to have a check to possible intervention factor in the study and the check to how these
ideas impacted the nationalist movements in the different countries.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:

The significance of the study on the area of this research project that it a comparative study
of the idea of nationalism of completely two different nations. Where Europe as a continent
has several countries in it and India a single nation, and the study will the deal with evolution
of the idea and the interpretation of the concept in the two different demographics.

RESEARCH QUESTION:

The research question of this research project deals with subjective study whether the ideas of
nationalism in Europe has intervened or influenced the ideas of nationalism that took place in
India?

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES:

• To identify the main causes that led the national and political leaders to think in terms
of the framework of nationalism and national integration.

• To analyze the similarities and difference of the nationalism movements in Europe

and India and the impacts of the idea in past and present.

• To study the various dimensions and aspects that had an intervention with idea of
nationalism interpreting with ideas of political and economic revolutionary aspects.

• to understand how the rest of the world reacted to some of the internal changes
happened in Europe and India due to the rise of nationalism.
SOURCES OF INFORMATION:

This research project is based on the secondary sources of information like journal articles
and books for the purpose of study that will be citied and acknowledged with authorized
mode of citation for references for the project.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

The research paper is based on a comparative study in a descriptive manner for which will be
supported by secondary methodology will be implied which involves collecting information
from the writings related to this topic of various other distinguished authors. This
methodology allows us to collect, analyze and compare the available existing literature.

CHAPTERS:

1.THE IDEA OF NATIONALISM:

The main concept in the discussion of this paper will have is to have the mainframe idea of
having the nationalism as an ideology in the aspect of the idea of nationalism is being
inculcated in the minds of the citizens of a country or the social group of people having The
common idea of seeking morality in terms of the group work being in the area of common
welfare was expressed in the age of nationalism in the two concepts of nationality and liberty,
Compared with it, nationalism is only a passing form of integration of social group have a
strive for attaining a desired need reflected due to mandatory acquirement of the basic need
that is being deprived or not given to the social group as the mandatory cause to achieve the
goal in what purpose the idea was born to get into existence in the society and the and the act
for the desinence for the existence of the idea of nationalism in the society. The matter of fact
that the idea can be defined as “Nationalism is a particular ideology that tries to distract
attention from capitalism, the class conflict, and the societal causes of social problems.
Ideology is not purely based on economy and politics. A political-economic crisis does not
necessarily lead to false, ideological, or critical consciousness as mass phenomena. Other
factors such as struggles over ideology, class struggles, symbolic power, and the personal,
every day, and psychological experiences and desires of individuals play a role and interact
with economic and political factors.”1 This idea of the this factor in the source of information
1
Christian Fuchs. 2016. Red Scare 2.0: User-Generated Ideology in the Age of Jeremy Corbyn and Social Media.
Journal of Language and Politics 15 (4): 369–398.
Christian Fuchs. 2017.
that tends to vary as the scope of the nature of the evolvement of the idea among the society
tends to change as per the cause of the work and it extension will vary within the limits of the
main cause or need for the idea of nationalism in the region. The idea is also being raised for
the main objective of political concerns in the region for which also has impact on the
thoughts of social thinkers and their influence of ideas cause the aspect of nationalism to
reach in a whole wider spread of the concept of the idea of thinkers give the mass way to
think about the course of nationalism in wider interpretation of the ideas raised to be
integrated by all of the people of the society to accept and the matter of support is provided
by the idea of social thinkers and other heroic personalities of the society to bound the entire
common people to a have mass support for the cause to invoke the idea of national integrity.

In the point with the idea of nationalism in the European context had a tremendous set of the
act in the history that gave a pavement for the early context of early-modern historic period
which was a great revolutionary period in the context the main disputing issue was to settle
the parts of Europe to be a socio-democratic ‘nation-state’ and to abolish the dictatorship in
the ambit of governance in the European region as in the earlier historic period as the major
area of the work but the idea was imposed by various personalities in the European continent
like Napoleon and his contributions in the context of French revolutionary aspect and the
main nationalist idea was raised in the French revolutionary movement and the it will be a
very vast area of historic revolution period which was regarded as one of the greatest aspect
in inculcating the ideas of nationalism in the global world and Theories derived from the idea
of nationalism tends to change accordingly when features of national integrity sees
nationalism as necessary features of society and nature or as historical features of certain
forms of society. Nationalism presents outsiders of the nation negatively to deflect attention
from class conflicts and inequalities. In nationalist ideology, a national group is fetishized.

The idea of nationalism in India was inspired from the ideas of the freedom struggle
movement in the as the idea of nationalism took place as the matter of that outbreak of the
revolts during the modern history period and the outbreak of the world war caused poverty
and famine in the country and the main intent was that the government of the British
government made the Indian people put under forceful acts that are imposed on them that was
immoral as the matter of act was forced on the people without a valid consent from them that
gave the people a matter of anger and injustice of the matter. The ideology of nationalism in
India were a significant number of Indians imbibed a new rational, secular, democratic and
nationalist political outlook as a consequence of the spread of modern western education and
thought during the 19th century. Nationalist leaders from various linguistic regions were the
ideas of Gandhian movement, the effect of Indian national congress was the main cause the
idea gotten wider in the context of nationalism in Indian.

2.RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE AND INDIA:

The rise of nationalism as the idea of the gathering the national integration for achieving a
need of the work for the achievement of the desired goal and the was the main common intent
of the social group to have the fact in seeking the study of nationalism movements that took
place in the major impacts of the revolutions and the fighting things that took place between
the countries of India and Europe.

EUROPE:

In the context of nationalism in the European continent took place in the modern – historic
period in the late 17th century of the in the world were , the greatest revolution of the historic
period of the French revolution that took place in the European region that paved the path for
the movement of nationalism and the work was subjected to great interpretation by social
thinkers and scholars to seek the main perspective of nationalism ideas and the main
objective of the revolution was followed under the great ideas which was ended in the era of
Napoleon Bonaparte , were the events of the were the outbreak of the retaliation were the
downfall of the monarch families took place were the French revolution took place in three
phases of the context of moderate phase , radical phase and the dictator ship era were the
process for establishing a socialist idea of bringing a form of sovereign a ruling pattern over
the area but also the mainframe issues had the matter of economic recession outbreak were
there conflict of different class groups took place as there were one class of social group
enjoyed all the benefits of the resources and benefits and the one class faced sever famine and
the ideas of protest and where there was constitutional monarch form of government was
present initially aspect of the things were quite stable, and during the phase of napoleon the
dictatory ship was established in a quite different manner as it was given but the rule was
giving the matter of equality to all citizens and the era was end of the French revolution
period in Europe but it gave way to the idea of nationalism but the term of the national
integrity was also made under the fact that even in today’s world the act of nationalism still
exists in every people of the country to strive their goals but after the French revolution the
world of the people of Europe faced the leader Hitler in the German region of the continent
were the “But it is a new nationalism, very different from that of prewar years, which is
stirring occupied Europe from Paris to Prague and from Oslo to Athens. It is no longer the
separatist element setting up nation against nation which proved the foremost obstacle to all
international understanding after Versailles. Just as Hitler helped disintegrating nations, by
his rule of terror, find their way back to national unity, he taught his victims to see old
national antagonisms and rivalries in a new and different light. Compared to the complete
loss of liberty, such conflicts have lost much of their one-time importance. 2 The other factor
that influenced the aristocracy in the people of the normal class were the process of equality
rights and the financial stability to withstand the recession will have a matter when the most
part of social group stood by the ideas of napoleon but the liberalism in nationalism under
Hitler was quite biased as he stood up only for the rights of Nazis and discriminated the rights
of Jews which had a conflict in national integrity. The missed aspect that seek the idea of
nationalism in Europe before Hitler and after Napoleon, was the revolutions of the liberals
and there was other nationalism that dealt with modernism in the parts of the Europe were the
factors of arts and the acts of many thinkers in the region lead the general public to attract
towards the idea of nationalism.

INDIA:

The nation of India in the course of the idea of nationalism only had its major impact in the
country during the pre-independence period during the freedom struggle as the surge for the
seek for the importance for freedom was the utmost importance of the nation’s people and the
freedom fighters of the nation and this outbreak of the vital idea of nationalism was majorly
influenced by the events that took place like the non-cooperation movement, civil
disobedience movement and other events that gave rise to it as the rights of the citizens of the
country are hindered by the governments acts that deprived them and there was frustration
among the people were there was the British rule established was never letting the matter of
Indians were forced in paying more revenue and taxes in every field of work the scope of
having a factor of trouble faced by them. The concept of “A large number of factors have
contributed to the growth of nationalism in the history of the Indian sub-continent and its
glorious traditions are important sources of nationalism in almost all the countries of the
region. The notions of composite culture, civilization state etc., draw their inspirations from
the history and traditions of the subcontinent. The historical events, symbols, traditions, etc.

2
“DORPALEN, ANDREAS. “A NEW NATIONALISM IN EUROPE.” The Virginia Quarterly Review, vol. 20, no. 3,
1944, pp. 335–349. JSTOR”.
have played a significant role in uniting the people into a single national entity” 3 were it can
be said as India is country of diversity and the national integration was being questioned
since the it tough to unite the feelings of a multi linguist country, but the fact that, due to the
ideas farmed by the freedom fighters like Gandhi , Nehru an the later period of Indian
national congress learned that the importance of freedom is a must for the development of the
country and the factor that there was the economic growth of the country’s citizens were
ruined ,and due to the factor of the world war the were was recession and the livelihood of
the people was under depletion and the idea of the nationalism is was seemed to change the
process of the thinking of the people to be integrated to seek for the idea of freedom to live
life free from torture and frustration of the being forcefully ruled without a valid consent
and consideration and the lack of morality was subjected to the treatment of Indians , and the
matter of nationalism was mainly expressed by the civil disobedience movement in India
boycotting the British products and not paying the revenue to the board and taxes for
resources, and this idea was inspired from Gandhiji and his idea of inspiring the people to
process the idea of nationalism and the main objective of the idea of nationalism in the
country is to attain the freedom and the governance will be done by the Indian nation’s
officials and the idea was factor that lead to the independence of the country in 15 th august
1947.

3.THE NATIONALISM MOVEMENTS IN EUROPE AND INDIA AND THE

IMPACTS OF THE IDEA IN THE PRESENT WORLD AND ANLAYSIS O F THE
STUDY:

The main area of the study will focus on the analysis of the nationalistic ideas in Europe and
India and it in the present time of the world, the main factor in idea of nationalism is to seek
for the desired idea towards the welfare and development of the nation, and the acts mainly
done here is about the integration of the common ideas of the people of the nation , but in
case of the difference laid down in the nationalism ideas between the Indian nation and the
European continent is that both of them had various acts taken place in the instance for a
change in the rule of governance and the main desire was to see the valid political
intervention in the idea of nationalism as the idea was bringing the change on the integration
of national welfare here in these both instances had a mainframe influence of political
agenda as these idea was to change the political aspect in the respective countries as the idea

3
“Upreti, B. C. “NATIONALISM IN SOUTH ASIA: TRENDS AND INTERPRETATIONS.” The Indian Journal of Political
Science, vol. 67, no. 3, 2006, pp. 535–544. JSTOR.”
was to change the way of governance in the both the French revolution and Indian freedom
struggle and the idea was influenced by the rational thinkers of the country to have a new set
of freedom and governance, and for that the act of the nationalism gave strength to the
movement as the economic stress or poor financial situation existed between both India and
Europe. The impact of economic conditions of both the countries was difficult to determine
in the pre historic period as the codification of tax system was under monarch in Europe and
held by Britain in India. “The main variation in the aspect with the emphasis on cultural,
religious, linguistic, racial or ethnic unity in the nation state, European nationalism started
with romantic nationalism. The French Revolution took this to "freedom, equality and
brotherhood" towards the state of the modern nation. Territorial nationalism-a consequence
of its diversity-is Indian nationalism, theoretical and a realistic concept, the fallout of anti-
colonialism and its associated paraphernalia was modern Indian nationalism. A similar
phenomenon can be observed in the vast majority of the former colonies of Africa and Asia.”
The matter of influencing the factor of the idea of nationalism in the present-day will also
exist as the trend of the welfare of nation is the primary aspect for every citizen of it, as even
nowadays the economic stress, and the uncertain prospect in the scope of development of the
national interest is even uncertain in India, but with condition of European nations is that it is
in a better economy and the social and financial developments of Europe is way better than
India in the present and the matter of nationalism in the nations can be said that It may exist
in a theoretical way in existence and but the practical existence of the ideology but the matter
with Europe in its few nations they replicate the way or work for the welfare of the country ,
but in the case of India the way of nationalism is not a certain factor in the unity for a
common welfare idea ,as the internal disputes in the nation are quite high in the present as
the matter of a nationalist movement never happened after the independence and the political
influence for strive idea of nationalism for the welfare in the country never happened in the
recent times as the various factors of the for the internal disputes in nation never recently held
together the national integrity. The matter of the idea of nationalism is an abstract idea were it
can be considered to be expressed or implied as you never seek an analytical study to check
the idea of nationalism as the is has no real codification or a statute defining it as it is the feel
of the movement along with the idea of the citizens in the nation and the influence of the
nationalism in India an Europe has area of discussion in the idea will be a greatest way in
explaining the idea of nationalism and will remain an supporting factor to study of social
factors defined in the history , but as the evolution of time the idea of nationalism in the
present day world has been diminishing. The intervention factor of idea of nationalism
between the countries is not distinguished.

CONCLUSION:

The main conclusive finding of the project is that the idea of nationalism in the country of
India and Europe had the political factors and the other factors of economic stability were
analysed for the scope of the evolvement of the nationalistic welfare were the citizens come
together in fact of national integrity is taken an important factor in establishing the bringing
the idea together for a revolution to take place but the real value or concept of the nationalism
is confined in explaining the process in which The welfare of nation is the primary aspect for
every citizen of it, as even nowadays the economic stress, and the uncertain prospect in the
scope of development of the national interest is uncertain in India. In the case of India, the
way of nationalism is not a certain factor in the unity for a common welfare idea as the
internal disputes which gets the question of national integrity and national welfare in the
present cannot be determined as it make the scope of nationalism ambiguous today and the
personal interest is focused more rather that seek for national integrity for welfare of the
nation.