Detail Structural

Analysis & Design

Report
PUBLIC BUILDING

GUEST HOUSE BLOCK

SUBMITTED BY:

Adrith Engineering Consultancy

Bhimdutta MNC, Mahendra Nagar

 Contents
`

List of Tables iv

List of Figuresv

Chapter 1 Introduction................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Objectives and Scope of Work..............................................................................................................1
1.3 Structural Components.......................................................................................................................... 1
1.4 Codes, Standards and References.......................................................................................................2
1.5 Structural Design Methodology..............................................................................................................3

Chapter 2 Design Philosophy and Approach..............................................................................................3

2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 3
2.2 Seismic Parameters...............................................................................................................................3
2.3 Overall Design Procedure...................................................................................................................... 6

Chapter 3 Basic Materials...........................................................................................................................7

3.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 7
3.2 Concrete................................................................................................................................................ 7
3.3 Reinforcing Steel................................................................................................................................... 7
3.4 Soil Bearing Capacity............................................................................................................................7

Chapter 4 Modeling and Analysis...............................................................................................................7

4.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 7
4.2 Modeling of Structural System...............................................................................................................7
4.2.1 Beams............................................................................................................................................. 8
4.2.2 Roof (OR SLAB).............................................................................................................................8
4.2.3 Columns.......................................................................................................................................... 8

Chapter 5 Loads.......................................................................................................................................... 8
5.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 8
5.2 Wind Load.............................................................................................................................................. 9
5.3 Gravity Load........................................................................................................................................ 10
5.4 Seismic Load....................................................................................................................................... 13
5.4.1 Code-based Design...................................................................................................................... 13
5.5 Analysis Procedures............................................................................................................................14
5.5.1 Code Based Design...................................................................................................................... 14
5.6 Component and Member Design.........................................................................................................15

Chapter 6 Structural Design Results.........................................................................................................16

6.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... 16
6.2 Analysis Results.................................................................................................................................. 16
6.2.1 Base Shear................................................................................................................................... 20
6.2.2 Story Drift...................................................................................................................................... 20
6.2.3 Deformation................................................................................................................................... 21
6.3 Concrete Column Design..................................................................................................................... 22

Chapter 7 Results and Output...................................................................................................................22

7.1 Analysis for Building Block...................................................................................................................22
7.1.1 Introduction:.................................................................................................................................. 22

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 7.1.2 General Information for Building Block:........................................................................................24
7.1.3 Footing Design for Residential Building Block:.............................................................................26
7.2 Typical Footing Design for Building Block (Footing at critical Joint)....................................................26
7.3 Typical Slab Design.............................................................................................................................28

Chapter 8 Summary.................................................................................................................................. 30
8.1 Summary............................................................................................................................................. 30
8.1.1 Beam design summary.................................................................................................................30
8.1.2 Column Design Summary.............................................................................................................31
8.1.3 Footing Design Summary..............................................................................................................32
8.1.4 Slab Design Summary..................................................................................................................32
8.1.5 Staircase Design Summary...........................................................................................................32

Appendix A: Sample Design for RC Column..................................................................................................33

Appendix B: Sample Design for RC Beam.....................................................................................................34

Appendix C: COLUMN BEAM CAPACITY RATIO..........................................................................................35

Page iii
List of Tables
Table 1:Typical Structural Member and Components...............................................................................................................2

Table 2:Codes and Standards....................................................................................................................................................2

Table 3: Importance factor........................................................................................................................................................ 4

Table 4: Structural Performance factor.....................................................................................................................................5

Table 5: Compressive Strength of concrete...............................................................................................................................7

Table 6 :Yield Strength of Reinforcing steel.............................................................................................................................7

Table 7 : Live Load and Imposed Dead Load.........................................................................................................................10

Table 8: Parameters for Seismic Loading...............................................................................................................................13

Table 9: Limit State Load Combinations used in Code-based Design.....................................................................................13

Table 10: Analysis Procedures for Code Base Design............................................................................................................14

Table 11: seismic load and base shear calculation..................................................................................................................15

Table 12: Component and Member Design.............................................................................................................................15

Table 13: General and Configuration Information of Residential building Block...................................................................24

Table 14: Beam design Summary...........................................................................................................................................31

Table 15:Column Design Summary........................................................................................................................................32

Table 16: Footing Design Summary.......................................................................................................................................32

Table 17: Slab Design summary.............................................................................................................................................32

Page iv
List of Figures

Figure 1: Subsoil type Vs Time period.....................................................................................................................................4

Figure 2: Design steps of Building............................................................................................................................................6

Figure 3: wall load applied on model......................................................................................................................................11

Figure 4: Parapet load applied on model.................................................................................................................................11

Figure 5: CGI dead load applied on roof.................................................................................................................................12

Figure 6: CGI live load applied on roof..................................................................................................................................13

Figure 7: Axial Force diagram (udcon1 )................................................................................................................................16

Figure 8: Shear Force diagram(udcon1)..................................................................................................................................17

Figure 9: BMD (udcon1)........................................................................................................................................................ 17

Figure 10: Axial force diagram(udstl1)...................................................................................................................................17

Figure 11:bmd(udstl1)............................................................................................................................................................ 18

Figure 12:deflection(roof dl+ll)..............................................................................................................................................18

Figure 13:capacity ratio( steel members)................................................................................................................................19

Figure 14:input sections.......................................................................................................................................................... 19

Figure 15:sfd(udstl1).............................................................................................................................................................. 20

Figure 16: drift check.............................................................................................................................................................. 21

Figure 17: Displacement of 3d model (Eqy)...........................................................................................................................21

Figure 18:Displacement of 3d model (EqX)...........................................................................................................................22

Figure 19: Foundation Plan....................................................................................................................................................23

Figure 21: 3D model of structural model................................................................................................................................24

Figure 22: First Floor Beam Reinforment required.................................................................................................................30

Figure 23: Second Storey Beam Reinforcment required.........................................................................................................30

Figure 24:Grid-1 reinforcment Required................................................................................................................................31

Figure 25: Grid-2 Reinforment required.................................................................................................................................31

Figure 26: C/B capacity ratio>1.2 ,all passed..........................................................................................................................35

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Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Introduction
This report presents the structure analysis and design of Public Building( guest house block). The building is Special
Reinforced Concrete Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF) type of building. It is designed to meet both strength and
serviceability requirements when subjected to gravity and earthquake loads.
The analysis and design has been based on IS codes & Nepal building code that are in practice in Nepal. This report
consists of the design assumptions, design methodology, design inputs and outputs, and sample design of structural
members.

1.2 Objectives and Scope of Work

The main objectives of the work were to perform the structural design of the building in terms of
suitability of the structural system, cost effectiveness, efficient use of materials and other resources,
conformance to the acceptable building codes, standards and established engineering practices, with
special emphasis on the effects due to earthquakes and other applicable demands.
The scope of work is divided into two phases.
Phase I: Structural System Development
Structural system is developed to achieve the good performance and cost effectiveness in collaboration
with the project architects.
1) Review architectural drawings provided by the client and other related documents as necessary.
2) Develop structural concepts and the structural system with an objective to achieve good performance
and cost effectiveness.
Phase II: Detailed Structural Design
Structural design is carried out using state-of-the-art methodologies, techniques, technologies, and tools.
References were made to the relevant design codes, standards, and documents.
1) Develop design criteria to be used for the structural design of the building.
2) Create finite element models of the structure with varying complexities and refinements as suitable to
understand the response.
3) Carry out an analysis and design of the structure, progressively using linear-static techniques.
4) Carry out detailed design and prepare structural design drawings.

1.3 Structural Components

The components of structural system used for this report are summarized in the following table.

Table 1:Typical Structural Member and Components

Structural System Element Typical Component Types Size of component

Special RC moment- Foundation RC isolated footing for column see the design results
resisting frame (SMRF
Column RC sections 16"X16"
Building)
Beam RC sections 14"x9"

Plinth beams RC beam 12"x9"

Page 1
 Lintels RC beam 4"

Walls Non-load bearing walls 9"

Roof system RC-Slab 6"

1.4 Codes, Standards and References

The structural design is based primarily on the current Standards of Indian & Nepal codes, which is
prevailingly adopted for the structural design of the buildings in Nepal.
The basic building codes to be referred are listed below which were followed for structural design, also
indicating their area of application.
Table 2:Codes and Standards

SNo. Codes andStandards Description

1 IS 456: 2000 Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice

2 NBC 102: 1994 Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than Earthquake) for
Buildings
and Structures: Part 1 Dead Loads – UnitWeights of Building
Material and
Stored Materials (Second Revision)
3 NBC 103: 1994 Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than Earthquake) for
Buildings
and Structures: Part 2 Imposed Loads (Second Revision)
4 NBC 104: 1994 Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than Earthquake) for
Buildings
and Structures: Part 3 Wind Loads (Second Revision)
5 SP 34: 1987 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing
6 IS 13920: 1993 Ductile detailing of reinforced concrete structures subjected to
seismic
forces - Code of practice
7 NBC 105: 1994 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of structures
The structural analysis and design were carried out using relevant Indian Codes of Practice. The earthquake loading were
carried out using IS1893 2002. The structural reinforced concrete design of foundation, column, beam and slab were
done based on IS 456. Also, the system has been designed to meet the ductility requirements of IS 13920.

1.5 Structural Design Methodology

SAP2000 version 21.1 was used for the linear static analysis and design of three-dimensional structures, in which the
spatial distribution of the mass and stiffness of the structure was adequate for the calculation of the significant features of
structures.
The structural elements of reinforced concrete were designed to Limit State Theory, while the structural steel elements
were designed to the Permissible Stress Theory. The major structural elements were automatically designed in the
programmer to IS 456 for reinforced concrete structures elements, while the certain design calculations for those not
properly figured due to the limitation of program were manually carried out in accordance with the relevant latest
standards.

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Chapter 2 Design Philosophy and Approach

2.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the design philosophy and approach used in structural design of buildings.

2.2 Seismic Parameters

This section describes the seismic parameters taken for analysis of each commercial/residential building.

Seismic Coefficient Method:

(Nepal Standard: NS 105:1994)
Horizontal Seismic Base Shear
According to Nepal Standard NS:105: 1994, the horizontal seismic shear force acting at the base of the
structure, in the direction being considered, shall be :
Vb = Cd*Wt
Where, Cd is basic seismic coefficient.
Cd =C*Z*I*K

Horizontal Seismic Forces

The horizontal seismic force at each level (i) shall be taken as:
Fi= Vb Wihi/ ΣWihi

The set of equivalent static forces specified above were assumed to act simultaneously at each level in the
direction being considered and were applied through points eccentric to the centre of rigidity.

Fundamental Natural Period(NS 105:1994):

The approximate fundamental natural period of vibration ( T ), in seconds, for moment-resisting frame
buildings without brick infill panels, was estimated by the empirical expression:
T = 0.06 h 0.75
Where
h = Height of building
Base seismic coefficient (c):
To determine the seismic load, it is considered that the project site lies in hilly region of
sudurpaschim ( baitadi district) where seismic zone coeffiecient,z=1.1 according to NBC-
105. The soil is subsoil type III. The building is analyzed as moment resisting frame without
consideration of infill wall. Therefore the base seismic coefficient is obtained by using the
following graph of time period vs soil type:

Page 3
Figure 1: Subsoil type Vs Time period

Importance factor(I):
Importance factor for the calculation of seismic is taken as on the following type
Table 3: Importance factor

S.N Types of Building Importance factor

1 Residential Building 1
2 Public & commercial Building 1.5

Zone factore(z):
zone factors for different municipalities and other regions are given in below table and region

Page 4
 Structural performance factor(k):
The minimum permissible value of the structural performance factor, K, and associated detailing
requirements shall be as given in Table 8.2.
The structural type may be different in each of two directions in a building and in that case the appropriate
value for K shall be selected for each direction.
When more than one structural type is used in the structure, for the direction under consideration, the
structural performance factor for the element providing the majority of the seismic load resistance shall be
applied provided that the elements of the other structural types have the ability to accept the resulting
deformations.
Table 4: Structural Performance factor

s.n Structural type Minimum detailing requirements Structural

performance
factor(k)

1 Ductile moment-resisting frame Must comply with the detailing for 1.0
ductility requirements.

2 Frame as in 1 with reinforced concrete Reinforced concrete shear walls must 1.0
shear walls comply with appropriate3 detailing for
ductility requirement

3 Frame as in 1(a) with masonry infills Must comply with the detailing for 21.2
ductility requirements.

4 Frame as in 1 with either steel bracing Steel bracing members must comply 1.51.2
members detailed for ductility or with the detailing for ductility
reinforced concrete infill panels requirements NBC 111-94.

Page 5
2.3 Overall Design Procedure
Analysis and design of the buildings was performed according to the following steps for each structural
system.
1) Structural system/concept was developed for each structural system. Used the basic structural
systems described in Table 1.1 as a guideline.
2) Created the finite element model with varying complexity and refinement suitable for developing
understanding the response. Carried out different types of analysis to determine the response of
the building under gravity and lateral loadings.
3) Design the structural components to remain elastic under gravity and earthquake loads under DBE
level earthquake, as appropriate. Linear analysis was conducted for DBE level earthquake with
response reduction factor to determine the response of the building. Design was carried out in
accordance with the relevant provisions of the latest national building code and Indian standard
provisions.
4) If the global building and local component responses meet the acceptance criteria, structural
design drawings was prepared.

Architectural
Design
Step 1: Structural System
Development
Step 2: Modeling and Analysis

Step 3: Structural Design in

accordance with building
codes
Step 4: Design using IS & NBC code

Step 4: Compare design results and

take critical values for drawing.

Step 6: Preparation of
structural drawings

Chapter 3 Basic Materials

Figure 2: Design steps of Building

3.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the strength of materials used in the design of structural components.

3.2 Concrete
The minimum compressive, used in different types of structural components are shown in the following
table.
Table 5: Compressive Strength of concrete

f'c (Nominal) f'c (Expected)

Standard Member
(MPa) (MPa)

Page 6
 NBC 102 :1994 Footings 20 20

NBC 102 :1994 Beams 20 20

NBC 102 :1994 Columns 20 20

3.3 Reinforcing Steel

Minimum yield strength of reinforcing steel to be used in the design is shown in the following table.
Table 6 :Yield Strength of Reinforcing steel

fy (Nominal) fy (Expected)
Diameter
(MPa) (MPa)
10mm and below 415 456.5

12 mm and above 500 550

3.4 Soil Bearing Capacity

Three types of Soil type were considered in the current design. The geometrical size of footing was
determined considering the allowable bearing capacity as 150 KN/m2 respectively.

Chapter 4 Modeling and Analysis

4.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the finite element modeling of the building, including modeling assumptions of
materials, sections, and components properties.

4.2 Modeling of Structural System

Complete, three-dimensional elastic models were created, representing the structure’s spatial distribution
of the mass and stiffness to an extent that was adequate for the calculation of the significant features of the
building’s linear response. ETABS was used as analysis tool. Nominal material properties were used in
modeling of structural components. The models include columns, beams, slabs, and roof truss.

4.2.1 Beams
Frame elements were used in modeling of beams, which includes the effects of bending, torsion, axial
deformation, and shear deformations. Insertion points and end offsets were applied to account for the finite
size of beam and column intersections, if required. The end offsets may be made partially or fully rigid
based on engineering judgment to model the stiffening effect that can occur when the ends of an element
were embedded in beam and column intersections.

4.2.2 Roof (OR SLAB)

Concrete thin shell elements were used in modeling of slab. Slab should be design in such a way that its
thickness is suitable on application of all loads within its maximum deflection criteria.

4.2.3 Columns
Frame elements were used in modeling of columns, which includes the effects of biaxial bending, torsion,
axial deformation, and biaxial shear deformations. Insertion points and end offsets were applied to account
for the finite size of beam and column intersections, if required. The end offsets may be made partially or

Page 7
 fully rigid based on engineering judgment to model the stiffening effect that can occur when the ends of an
element were embedded in beam and column intersections.

Chapter 5 Loads

5.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the design loads considered in the structural design, including gravity loads and
seismic loads.

5.2 Wind Load

Page 8
 LOAD CALCULATIONS
Job No. : 12 Rev. No. : R0
Project : Truss design of guest house Date : 31/12/2019
Client : moitfe Designed by : g o v in d
Description : load on the roof of truss Checked by :
Building Type =
Length (o/o) = 15.00 m
Width (o/o) = 4.00 m
Width module =
Bay spacing = 5.00 m
Clear eave height = 2.50 m
Max. eave height = 3.30 m
Roof slope (θ) = 3.84 ˚
DEAD LOAD (DL)
Wt. of sheet & purline = 15.00 Kg/m²
Dead Load (DL) = 0.75 KN/m

COLLATERAL LOAD
Collateral Load on Rafter = 15.00 Kg/m² Other Collateral Load = 8.00 Kg/m²
= 0.00 KN/m = 0.40 KN/m

LIVE LOAD (LL)

Live load/unit area, roof = 75.00 Kg/m²
Live Load (LL) = 3.75 KN/m

WIND LOAD (WL)

Basic wind speed (Vb) = 47 m/s
Design wind speed (Vz) = Vbxk1xk2xk3
where,
k1 = probability factor (risk coefficient)
= 1 Terrain Category Class
k2 = terrain, height and structure size factor 3 A
= 0.98
k3 = topography factor
= 1
Vz = 46.06 m/s

Design wind pressure (pz) = 0.6xVz²

pz = 1.273 KN/m²

Page 9
 PRESURE COEFFICIENTS:~
Encloser condition of the building = Open
Internal pressure coeff.(Cpi) = 0.70

h/w = 0.83
= 1/2<h/w<=3/2
l/w = 3.75
= 3/2<=l/w<4
External pressure coeff.(Cpe) : Table 4 Table 5
Wind Angle
Coeff. For Wall Coeff. For Roof
(ө)
Left Right Left Right
0 degree 0.70 -0.25 -0.9350 -0.40
90 degree -0.50 -0.50 -0.80 -0.80

WIND LOAD DIAGRAMS:~

Wind Across the Ridge (With -Ve Cpi) Wind Across the Ridge (With +Ve Cpi) KN/m
-0.24 -1.50 KN/m 0.30 1.91 KN/m -1.64 -10.406KN/m -1.10 -7.00

KN/m KN/m KN/m KN/m

8.91 2.86 0.00 -6.05
1.40 0.45 0.00 -0.95

Wind Parallel to Ridge(With +Ve Cpi)

-1.50 -9.55 KN/m -1.50 -9.55 KN/m

KN/m KN/m
-7.64 -7.64
-1.20 -1.20

Wind Parallel to Ridge(With -Ve Cpi)

-0.10 -0.64 KN/m -0.10 -0.64 KN/m

KN/m KN/m
1.27 0.00
0.20 0.20
Note:
1) Values within the circles are the UDL
2) -Ve value means, load applied
away from structure.

5.3 Gravity Load

Self-weight of the structure was considered as dead load and finishes and partitions were considered as
imposed dead load. Live load was determined in accordance with occupancy or use. The following loads
are in addition to the self-weight of the structure. The minimum loading requirements were taken from NS
101-1994.
Table 7 : Live Load and Imposed Dead Load

Occupancy or Use Live Load Imposed Dead Load

To be computed for actual finishes and
Rooms 3 KN/m2
live load on class rooms
To be computed for actual load of
Corridors 3.5 KN/m2
corridor, crowded area& staircase
To be computed for actual live load for
Toilet/Bathrooms 2.5 KN/m2
toilets and bathrooms
To be computed for ccessible roo for
Roof(accesible) 1.5 KN/m2
maintenance

Page 10
Figure 3: wall load applied on model

Figure 4: Parapet load applied on model

Page 11
Figure 5: CGI dead load applied on roof

Page 12
Figure 6: CGI live load applied on roof

5.4 Seismic Load

The basic seismic input was determined from NS 105:1994
Table 8: Parameters for Seismic Loading

Parameter Value

NS 105:1994
Zone factor, Z 1.1
Importance factor, I 1.5
Structural performance factor, k 1
Soil type sub soil type III

5.4.1 Code-based Design

5.4.1.1 Combinations for Limit State Method (NS 105:1994)

Limit State Method design load combinations used in code-based design are shown in the following tabel.
(Ref: IS 1893:2002)
Table 9: Limit State Load Combinations used in Code-based Design

Page 13
 No. Load Combination

1 1.5(DL+LL)

2 1.2(DL+LL±EL)

3 1.5(DL±EL)

4 0.9DL ± 1.5 EL

where: DL = Dead load

LL = Live load
EL = Earthquake load
Live load was not included in the mass calculations.

5.5 Analysis Procedures

5.5.1 Code Based Design
Analysis procedure of the code-based design was shown in the table below.
Table 10: Analysis Procedures for Code Base Design

Load Case Analysis Procedures

Gravity load Linear Static

Earthquake load Linear Static

Live Load Linear Static

5.5.1.1 Seismic Weight

The seismic weight at each level, Wi, were taken as the sum of the dead loads and the seismic live loads
between the mid-heights of adjacent storeys. 100% of dead load, superimposed dead load and 25% of live
load upto 3 kN/m 2 and 50% of live load above 3 KN/m 2were considered as mass source.

Page 14
Table 11: seismic load and base shear calculation

Location of site = BAITADI

Type of building = Public
Importance factor (I) = 1.5

Zone z = 1.1
Performance factor k = 1
NO OF STOREY = 2
Height of building = 6.096 m

As per clause 7.3 of NBC 105 fundamental time period of building is given by
T = 0.233 sec

For this time period and Type III soil Basic seismic coefficient
C = 0.08 [fig 8.1 NBC 105 ]
Design base shear coefficient Cd = 0.132

Seismic weight = 2428.692 kN

Base shear = 320.587344 kN

TABLE: Auto Seismic Loads To Horizontal Diaphragms

LoadPat AutoLdType Diaphragm DiaphragmZ FX FY X Y Z
Text Text Text mm KN KN mm mm mm
EQX USER COEFF DIAPH_7. 7000 48.814 0 7500 2000 7000
EQX USER COEFF DIAPH_3.5 3500 32.599 0 7500 2000 3500
EQY USER COEFF DIAPH_7. 7000 0 48.814 7500 2000 7000
EQY USER COEFF DIAPH_3.5 3500 0 32.599 7500 2000 3500

5.5.1.2 Linear Static Procedure (LSP)

Linear static analysis was carried out for gravity and earthquake loadings.

5.6 Component and Member Design

The structural components were designed to satisfy the strength and ductility requirements. Strength
capacities for different types of actions considered in the design are summarized in the table below.
Table 12: Component and Member Design

Structural Component Design Approach/Consideration Code Reference

System
Special RC RC beams Flexural response IS 456:2000
moment Shear
Resisting RC columns Compression IS 456:2000
frame
Flexure
Shear
Footings Bearing capacity of soil IS 456:2000
Flexural, shear
RC connections Moment connections IS 456:2000
Shear connections

Page 15
Chapter 6 Structural Design Results

6.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the analysis and design results of the building. The structural components were
designed to resist the elastic demand forces considering R factor using seismic coefficient analysis method.

6.2 Analysis Results

The analysis results for the building are tabulated in section capture 7. Axial force diagram, Bending
Moment diagram, Shear Force diagram for certain load combinations are given below

Figure 7: Axial Force diagram (udcon1 )

Figure 8: Shear Force diagram(udcon1)

Page 16
 Figure 9: BMD (udcon1)

Figure 10: Axial force diagram(udstl1)

Page 17
Figure 11:bmd(udstl1)

Figure 12:deflection(roof dl+ll)

Page 18
Figure 13:capacity ratio( steel members)

Figure 14:input sections

Page 19
Figure 15:sfd(udstl1)

6.2.1 Base Shear

The base shear was compared in the above tie beam level. Total weight of building above tie beam level
and base shear is shown as in table 11 below.Base shear distribution is given below

6.2.2 Story Drift

Maximum drift was calculated based on the SMRF structure. The deflection deviation from SAP2000 uses
to obtain the maximum drift for center of diaphragm for individual floor.

Drift check(Y-direction)

Storey LoadCase height(m) Absolute Drift(mm) Relative Drift(mm) permissible drift check
Ground EqX 3.048 0 0 12.192 OK
1st EqX 3.048 4.37 4.37 12.192 OK
2nd EqX 3.048 8.39 4.02 12.192 OK

Overall height = 9.144

Max drift = 9.28
Permissible drift = 36.576 Safe

Drift check(X-direction)
Storey LoadCase height(m) Absolute Drift(mm) Relative Drift(mm) permissible drift check
Ground EqY 3.048 0 0 12.192 OK
1st EqY 3.048 4.75 4.75 12.192 OK
2nd EqY 3.048 9.28 4.53 12.192 OK

Figure 16: drift check

Page 20
 6.2.3 Deformation
Maximum deformation of the building for static earthquake load condition for X and Y direction was checked
from SAP2000 model. Deformed value of the structure is tabulated in capture 7. Deflected shape of building
in x-dir and y-dir due to Eqx & Eqy respectively are shown below

Figure 17: Displacement of 3d model (Eqy)

Figure 18:Displacement of 3d model (EqX)

Page 21
 6.3 Concrete Column Design
The concrete column was designed using various sections with reference IS 456. The minimum size of
column was designed considering the ductile detailing with reference to IS 13920. Section input to be
provided is as shown in below diagrams
Foundation Design
Foundation was designed as an isolated footing. The dimension of the foundation was calculated based on
150 kN/m 2 soil bearing capacity. The thickness of 350 mm footing was used for the foundation. The
thickness was checked under punching shear and size of footing was determined considering nominal load
transfer mechanism from the column to foundation below.

Chapter 7 Results and Output

7.1 Analysis for Building Block

7.1.1 Introduction:
This chapter presents the finite element modeling of the building as mansion in chapter 2, including
modeling assumptions of materials, sections, components properties and design and result of the building

Figure 19: Foundation Plan

Page 22
 Figure 20: 3D model of structural model

7.1.2 General Information for Building Block:

Table 13: General and Configuration Information of Residential building Block

A General Information: Building Block

ministry of industry, tourism, forestry and environment , ptdpiu,
A.1 Client's Name:
dhangadhi, kailali
  Address:  Dashrathcahnd municipality-08, Baitadi
A.3 Types of Building: Public Building
A.4 Structural Designed By:  
  Consultancy Firm: Adrith Engineering Consultancy
  Designers’ Name: HARISH SAUD
  Nepal Engineering Council No:
     
Geometrical Configuration of
B        
Building:
B.1 No. of Block: 1      
B.2 No. of Story: 2     add roof truss 
B.3 Story Height:      
  Basements 0      
  Ground Floor 3.5      
  Typical 3.5      
B.4 No. of column: 8     Ground Floor 
B.5 No. of Lift: 0      
B.6 No. of staircase: 1     Ground Floor 
7
B.7 Total height of structure:    

Page 23
 Total height for Fundamental time
B.8 7      
period calculation:
B.9 Height to width ratio of building: 1.09      
B.10 Length to width ratio of building: 2.62      
C Geological Investigation:        
C.1 Soil Investigation Report:  
C.2 Soil Investigation Done By:  
for
KN/
C.3 Allowable Bearing Capacity: 150 isolated  
m2
footing
Structural Analysis and Design
D        
Procedure:
Structural Analysis Software:
D.1        
(Sap2000V20)
D.2 Structural System: SMRF      
D.3 Foundation System: Isolated Foundation  
D.4 Loading Parameters:        
As per
NBC
  i. Dead Load:      
(102:199
4)
As per
NBC
  ii. Live Load:      
(103:199
4)
  iii. Other Load if any        
Foundation, Column,
D.5 Concrete Grade Used: 20 Mpa  
Beam, Slab
 
HYSD
D.6 Reinforcement Grade Used: Mpa    
500
Reinforcement Grade Used for HYSD
  Mpa    
shear: 415
Mechanical Properties of other
D.7        
construction materials used:
  i. Brick 19.2  KN/m3     
  ii. Steel Section 76.9  KN/m3     
  iii. Other        

Seismic Load (NS 105:1994) :-      

D.10.  
D.10.1 Zone Factor (Z): 1.1      
D.10.2 Importance Factor(I): 1.5      
D.10.3 Soil Type: III      
0.233
D.10.4 Fundamental Time Period (Tx/y): 0.233 sec   
D.10.5 Structural performance Factor (k): 1      
Design horizontal Seismic
D.10.6 0.1092      
Coefficient (Cd):
D.10.7 Seismic Weight: 2428.69 kN    
D.10.8 Design Seismic Base Shear 320.58 kN    

Page 24
 (Vbx/y):
D.11 Seismic Analysis Method:        
D.11.1 Seismic Analysis method Seismic Coefficient Method 
D.11.2 Total Deflection of Building:        
  i. Along X-direction: 9.28 mm    
  ii. Along Y-Direction: 8.39 mm    
D.11.3 Inter Story Deflection (Drift):  EQx EQy     
Storey 2 4.02 4.53 mm
Storey 1 4.37 4.75 mm
D.11.4 Separation Between blocks if any:    
D.11.5 Load Combination Considered:   (NS 105:1994)
1.5(DL)
1.5(DL+LL)
1.2(DL+LL±EQx/y)
1.5(DL±EQx/y)
0.9DL ± 1.5 EQx/y
E. Reinforced Concrete Design        
E.1 Concrete Design code Referred:   IS456:2000
E.2 Ductile Detailing code Referred:   (IS13920:1993)

Typical design of structural

E.3 elements foundation, slab,   IS456:2000
staircase, retaining wall etc:

7.1.3 Footing Design for Residential Building Block:

Foundation was designed as an isolated footing based on 150 kN/m 2 bearing capacity dimension of footing
was calculated. The thickness was checked under punching shear. The thickness of foundation used for
calculation was 350 mm.

7.2 Typical Footing Design for Building Block (Footing at critical Joint)

Page 25
 Isolated Footing Design
Input Calculation Output Date : 31 December 2019
Footing Mark FC3 Grade of Concrete (f ck )
Length of Column (l ) 0.41 m Grade of Steel (f y )
Width of Column (b ) 0.41 m Axial Force (P ) 411.00 kN
Diameter of Bar in Column (φ c) 20 mm Bending Moment about X-X (M x-x ) -6.00 kN-m
Length of Footing (L ) 1.60 m Bending Moment about Y-Y (M y-y ) 20.00 kN-m 1.5

Width of Footing (B ) 1.60 m Multiplying Factor for SBC 1

2
Depth of Footing (D ) 0.50 m Load Combination Type 2 1.5
Depth of Footing at the edge (d edge ) 0.30 m Type of Footing 1
Diameter of Bar ( φ ) 12 mm Exposure Condition
Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC) 130.0 kN/sq. m Pressure Consideration for Design
Size of Footing is adequate for Initial Consideration of Soil Pressure.
No Tension in Footing.
Safe for One Way Shear Criteria in Short Direction.
Safe for One Way Shear Criteria in Long Direction.
Safe for Punching Shear Criteria.
Bearing Capacity is sufficient for Load Transfer.
Required Spacing for Bars along the Length of Footing 200 mm Provided Spacing for Bars along the Length of Footing 150 mm
Required Spacing for Bars along the Width of Footing 200 mm Provided Spacing for Bars along the Width of Footing 150 mm
Required Spacing for Bars along the Width in the Central Band 200 mm Provided Spacing for Bars along the Width in the Central Band 150 mm
Provide 12 mm φ @ 150 mm c/c along the length of the footing.
Provide 12 mm φ @ 150 mm c/c along the width of the footing.
Provide 12 mm φ @ 150 mm c/c along the width of the footing in the central band.
Extend 4 bars of 20 mm φ from column to footing with a development length of 950 mm

1.60 m

12 mm φ @ 150 mm c/c
0.41 m

0.41 m
1.60 m

12 mm φ @ 150 mm c/c

0.80 m 0.80 m

12 mm φ @ 150 mm c/c

Page 26
 7.3 Typical Slab Design

SLAB DESIGN
Input Calculation Output Date : 31 December 2019
2
Slab Mark S1 Floor Finish (w sdl) 1.50 kN/m
2
Overall Depth (D) 150 mm Live Load (w sl) 3.50 kN/m
2
Effective Cover (d') 20 mm Other Loads (w vl) 0.00 kN/m
2
Grade of Concrete (fck) 7 Self Weight (w dl) 3.75 kN/m
2
Grade of Steel (fy ) Total Load (w) 8.75 kN/m
2
Clear Span in Shorter Direction (l x) 4.00 m Factored Total Load (w u ) 13.13 kN/m
Clear Span in Longer Direction (l y) 5.00 m Edge Support Condition
Reinforcement Details
Diameter of Bars along Shorter Direction at Mid-span (φ x-mid) 12 mm Diameter of Bars along Shorter Direction at Support (φ x-sup ) 12 mm
Diameter of Bars along Longer Direction at Mid-span (φ y-mid) 12 mm Diameter of Bars along Longer Direction at Support (φ y-sup ) 12 mm
Spacing for Bars along Shorter Direction at Mid-span (s x-mid) 300 mm Spacing for Bars along Shorter Direction at Support (s x-sup ) 300 mm
Provided Spacing for Bars along Shorter Direction at Mid-span 150 mm Provided Spacing for Bars along Shorter Direction at Support 200 mm
Spacing for Bars along Longer Direction at Mid-span (s y-mid) 300 mm Spacing for Bars along Longer Direction at Support (s y-sup ) No R/F
Provided Spacing for Bars along Longer Direction at Mid-span 250 mm Provided Spacing for Bars along Longer Direction at Support 450 mm

Corners Lift-up? 1 Ast, torsion 565.49 mm2

Diameter of Bars in Mesh (φ t) 12 mm Spacing of Bars in Mesh (s t) 200 mm
Provide 12 mm φ @ 200 mm c/c both ways at top and bottom at each corner over an area 800 mm × 800 mm
Strength Criteria
pt,lim 0.96 % pt,provided 0.58 %
Design is Safe for Strength Criteria
Deflection Criteria
Middle Support
(l/d) max 40.00 39.85
Shorter Direction
(l/d)provided 31.77 31.77
(l/d) max 40.00 N/A
Longer Direction
(l/d)provided 35.00 N/A
Design is Safe for Deflection Criteria
Shear Criteria
Design is Safe for Shear Criteria

DRAW
12 φ @ 200 mm

12 φ @ 150 mm 12 φ @ 200 mm
4.00 m

12 φ @ 250 mm

5.00 m

Page 27
 Staircase Design

Data
Effective Span (l) 3.21 mm m
Riser (R) 150 mm
Thread (T) 250 mm
Waist Slab thickness (t) 125 mm
Clear Cover 15 mm
Effective Depth of Waist Slab (d) 110 mm

Grade of Concrete (fck) 20 MPa

Grade of Steel (fy) 415 MPa

Loading
Loads on going Loads on waist slab
Self weight of waist slab 3.64 KN/m Self weight of landing slab 3.13 KN/m
Self weight of steps 1.88 KN/m Live Load 4.00 KN/m
Live Load 4.00 KN/m Floor Finish Load 1.00 KN/m
Floor Finish Load 1.50 KN/m Total Load 8.13 KN/m
Total Load 11.02 KN/m Factored Load 12.19 KN/m
Factored Load 16.53 KN/m

Bending Moment
Calculate Bending Moment using the equation (W*L*L )/8

Bending Moment = 21 KN-m

Reaction
to be used as UDL = 27 KN
60 KN-m

Area of Main Steel

Ast 605 sqmm

Spacing
Diameter of bar 12ø 16ø
Spacing across x 187 c/c 332 c/c

Provded Main Steel: 12 c/c 150 c/c

Area of Distribution Steel

Ast 150 sqmm

Spacing
Diameter of bar 8ø 10ø
Spacing across y 335 c/c 524 c/c

Provided Distridution Steel: 8 250

Page 28
Chapter 8 Summary

8.1 Summary
Structural design was carried out for buildings. Structural system was Special moment resisting reinforced
concrete frame system with in-filled wall. Special moment resisting frame was analyzed with seismic load
from NBC 105:1994 and reinforced concrete members were designed with IS456. The outputs from both
codes were compared. The reinforced concrete section was taken from bigger value among the values
obtained from the codes. The foundations were designed as isolated footing considering the bearing
capacity of soil 120KN/m2 respectively. The proposed design satisfies the key requirement of the building
codes.
The detail structural drawings of all structural elements, ductile detailing as well as non structural elements
is in separate volume of drawing. The output results were as per analysis done in SAP2000 V20 which is
provided in CD

8.1.1 Beam design summary

Figure 21: First Floor Beam Reinforment required

Figure 22: Second Storey Beam Reinforcment required

Page 29
Table 14: Beam design Summary

8.1.2 Column Design

Summary

Figure 23:Grid-1 reinforcment Required

Figure 24: Grid-2 Reinforment required

Table 15:Column Design Summary

S.N Label Size(Inch) Longitudinal Transverse

Page 30
 reinforcment Reinforcment
1 ALL 16"X16" 8-20 Ø 8mm @ 125 c/c

8.1.3 Footing Design Summary

Table 16: Footing Design Summary

8.1.4 Slab Design Summary

Table 17: Slab Design summary

S.N Major direction Minor direction

1 10 mm @ 200 mm c/c 8 mm @ 200 mm c/c

8.1.5 Staircase Design

Summary
S. Portion Main bar distribution
N bar
1 Flight 12 mm @ 200 mm 8mm @ 300
c/c mm c/c
Landing 12 mm @ 200 mm 8mm @ 300
c/c mm c/c

Page 31
Appendix A: Sample Design for RC Column
SAP2000 V20 Concrete Frame Design

Page 32
Appendix B: Sample Design for RC Beam
SAP2000 V20 Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design

Page 33
Appendix C: COLUMN BEAM CAPACITY RATIO

C/B ratio
Ratio of flexural capacity of Beam/column is computed to preclude the formation of plastic hinges in columns for
obvious reasons. 
Sum of flexural capacities of column at a joint should be 1.2 times the capacities of beam framing into the joint in
particular direction.
When capacity is exceeded, we can increase the size of column, or reduce the size of beam, or play with
reinforcement of members. It has nothing to do with redistribution of moments; If both end of column will yield,
during a seismic event, in a particular story, structure will most probably collapse. In a frame, that is resisting
lateral loads, you cannot take away the ability of beam to develop negative moment; if you do not provide top
reinforcement, it will not be called a moment resisting frame, and will not resist lateral loads.

Figure 25: C/B capacity ratio>1.2 ,all passed

Page 34