TB-254-357-005

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FAULT LEVEL CALCULATIONS STUDY

1 INTRODUCTION

NSPCL, A Joint Venture of NTPC and SAIL, is setting up an expansion of the Bhilai
Power Project by 2x250 MW power generation at Bhilai, District Durg, Chhatisgarh. The
installed capacity of existing Power Plants (Power Plant 1-PP1 and Power Plant 2- PP2) in
Bhilai Steel Plant (BSP) is 110MW. The BSP load is 350 MW. In normal course, the Bhilai
Power Project (Power Plant 3, PP3 consisting of G1 and G2) will work in parallel with Bhilai
Steel Plant (BSP), existing Power Plants (PP1 and PP2) and PGCIL’s grid. PP3 will supply 240
MW to BSP. Around 40 MW are consumed by PP3 auxiliaries, the balance 220 MW will be
exported to the grid at 400 kV. But during contingency conditions, there is a possibility of BSP
together with PP1, PP2 and PP3 being islanded from grid. Under this islanding operation, PP3
shall be supplying power to Bhilai Steel Plant only through dedicated transmission lines
connecting Bhilai Steel Plant to Bhilai Power Project. This report focuses on the development of
a model of the electric power system in an expansion of the Bhilai Power Project by 2x250 MW
power generation in order to perform short circuit study conducted on power system data as per
TB-254-357-001- “Design Data, Load Flow and Island Mode of Operation Study” Report. The
results of study serve to establish sequence data files to be used in further stability studies.
SIMPOW, Power System Simulation Software is used for carrying out the Short Circuit studies.

2 Short Circuit Current Calculation

A Short Circuit Study is critical for the safe, efficient, and economical operation of any
electrical distribution system. A Short Circuit Study will help to ensure that personnel and
equipment are protected by establishing proper short circuit current ratings. When an electrical
fault exceeds the interrupting rating of the protective device, the consequences can be
devastating, including injury, damaged electrical equipment, and costly downtime. Among the
most important tasks, when planning and operating power systems, are the short-circuit current
calculations (SCCs). Faults, i.e. short-circuits, can be minimized in the system through planning
and design, and well-performed maintenance and operation of the system, but cannot be totally
avoided. Protection settings and coordination and dimensioning of switchgear require accurate
and detailed SCCs because switches and breakers have to be designed to switch off short-
circuits in a safe way and in short time. Short-circuits can cause mechanical oscillations in
generators which can lead to oscillations in the power in the system, causing problems of
stability in the power transfer. In the worst case this can lead to a blackout of the system. One
last area to consider is that the installed equipment must be able to withstand the thermal and
mechanical effects of short-circuit currents. Hence, it is very essential to conduct fault level
calculation study for power system.
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3 Technical Requirements as per TS

The maximum fundamental frequency short circuit current at the various 400 kV and 220 kV
buses shall be limited to 40 kA for one second.

4 Input Data
1. Input data for the study is as per Report No: TB-254-357-001.
2. Single line diagram is taken to indicate the overall network around Bhilai Steel Plant for
carrying out the short circuit studies.

5 Load Flow Cases

The following load flow base cases [1] as described in Load Flow study were considered for
calculating the Short Circuit levels.

Case CASE Name Case Description

No.
1 CASE 1 Parallel Operation of 2x250 MW PP3+PP2+PP1+BSP with Grid
2 CASE 2 Islanded Operation of 2x250 MW PP3+PP2+PP1+BSP no Grid
3 CASE 3 Islanded Operation of 1x250 MW PP3+PP2+PP1+BSP from Grid

The power flow results for the above 3 cases are mentioned in Report No: TB-254-357-001.

6 Fault Studies

The power system is divided into several different voltage levels, where calculations are
made for short circuits on the 400 kV, 220kV and 132 kV levels. Three different cases are set up
in order to evaluate the system, so that the maximum and minimum currents can be determined.
Fault studies were carried out to determine fault levels under the below three cases.

Fault Cases
Case No. CASE Name
1 CASE 1
2 CASE 2
3 CASE 3
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6.1 Base Cases

Three phase to ground (3PSG) faults are applied at the following buses in cases 1 to 3.

S. No. Bus Name

1 BESCL220

2 BESCL400

3 MSD5Ͳ220

4 MSD6Ͳ220

5 BP1TG1Ͳ6

6 BP1TG2Ͳ6

7 BP1TG0Ͳ6

8 MSD1Ͳ132

9 MSD2Ͳ132

10 MSD3Ͳ132

11 MSD4Ͳ132

12 MSD5Ͳ132

13 MSD6Ͳ132

14 M4SEC1Ͳ1

15 M4SEC2Ͳ1

16 M4SEC1Ͳ6

17 M4SEC2Ͳ6

18 M2DR1Ͳ6

19 M2DR2Ͳ6

20 M2VADͲ11

21 M2SMSͲ11

22 M2SEC1Ͳ1
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S. No. Bus Name

23 M2SEC2Ͳ1

24 M2SEC1Ͳ6

25 M2SEC2Ͳ6

26 M2SEC3Ͳ6

27 M2SEC4Ͳ6

28 M6SEC1Ͳ1

29 M6SEC2Ͳ1

30 P2Ͳ1Ͳ132

31 P2Ͳ2Ͳ132

32 P2SEC1Ͳ6

33 P2SEC2Ͳ6

34 P2Ͳ21TͲ6

35 P2Ͳ22TͲ6

36 P2Ͳ23TͲ6
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7 MODELING & SIMULATION

7.1 Different cases

The different cases analyzed are a number of network configurations that are of interest to
investigate. Three different cases are set up, where each case has a specific objective which is
important to examine.

7.1.1 Case 1

Case 1 is set up at Parallel Operation of 2x250 MW PP3+PP2+PP1+BSP with Grid, with

contribution from the 400 kV and 220kV grid and from the generators G1 and G1 respectively.
PP3 generators are assumed to be operating at 1.05pu voltage in order to ensure the voltages
in the study system within the limits. Both PP3 generators are supplying their rated power
(250MW each). The short circuit current levels in the network are tabulated in Table.1. The short
circuit current values obtained in the study system are within the limits, i.e. less than 40kA for
one second.
The 3 phase to ground and single phase to ground fault currents at each of the 400kV, 220kV
and 132kV buses for case 1 are tabulated in Annexure A.

7.1.2 Case 2

Case 2 is set up at Islanded operation of 2X250 MW PP3, PP2, PP1 and BSP without grid
connection. PP3 generators are assumed to be operating at 1.05pu voltage in order to ensure
the voltages in the study system within the limits. Generator G1 is supplying 143 MW and
generator G2 is supplying 142 MW to meet the reduced load requirement in the absence of
export to grid. The short circuit current levels in the network are tabulated in Table.2. The short
circuit current values obtained in the study system are within the limits, i.e. less than 40kA for
one second.
The 3 phase to ground and single phase to ground fault currents at each of the 400kV, 220kV
and 132kV buses for case 2 are tabulated in Annexure B.

7.1.3 Case 3

Case 2 is set up at Islanded operation of 1X250 MW PP3, PP2, PP1 and BSP from grid
connection. Only one PP3 generator (G1) is assumed to be operating at 1.03pu voltage and
supplying 250 MW to BSP. The short circuit current levels in the network are tabulated in
Table.2. The short circuit current values obtained in the study system are within the limits, i.e.
less than 40kA for one second.
The 3 phase to ground and single phase to ground fault currents at each of the 400kV, 220kV
and 132kV buses for case 3 are tabulated in Annexure C.

.
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For each case, reported in Annexure A to C, the maximum fault current (fault KVA level) out of
the fault currents on the selected 36 buses is shown in bold letters. Similarly, the minimum fault
current (fault KVA level) out of the fault current on the selected 36 buses are shown in bold
italics for each operating scenario.

8 Conclusions

ƒ The short circuit studies were conducted for the various base operating conditions and
contingencies.

ƒ Maximum fault currents were then determined at M2DR1-6 bus for case 1,BP1TG1-6 bus
for case 2 and M2DR1-6 bus for case 3.

ƒ The fault levels at various buses of 400kV, 220kV and 132kV were found to be lower than
40 kA as stipulated in Technical Specifications. Out of the reported fault levels, the
minimum and maximum fault levels at the 400 kV, 220kV and 132kV buses in cases 1 to 3
are as shown below:

CASE Minimum Fault Level Maximum Fault Level

No.
At Bus Fault MVA At Bus Fault MVA

1 MSD6Ͳ132 2.424 BESCL220 10.287

2 MSD6Ͳ132 0.8466 BESCL400 1.4743

3 MSD4Ͳ132 0.03576 BESCL400 5.5377

ƒ The study summarises the results of short circuit levels under various conditions.

9 References:
1. TB-254-357-001- “Design Data, Load Flow and Island Mode of Operation Study” Report.
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Annexure A

CASE 1

1 PSG Fault 3 PSG Fault

S.No. Bus Name
Short
Isc (kA) Isc (kA) circuit KVA
1 BESCL220 10.132 26.997 10287.24

2 BESCL400 4.685 12.998 9005.279

3 MSD5Ͳ220 9.817 26.278 10013.26

4 MSD6Ͳ220 9.803 26.317 10028.12

5 M3SEC1Ͳ1 0.365 21.827 434.7629

6 M3SEC2Ͳ1 0.337 28.71 571.8626

7 M3SEC3Ͳ1 0.376 28.711 571.8825

8 MSD1Ͳ132 4.047 10.366 2369.986

9 MSD2Ͳ132 5.385 13.175 3012.21

10 MSD3Ͳ132 4.75 12.206 2790.666

11 MSD4Ͳ132 3.307 9.059 2071.166

12 MSD5Ͳ132 0.587 14.247 3257.302

13 MSD6Ͳ132 1.788 10.604 2424.4

14 M4SEC1Ͳ1 0.081 13.26 264.1204

15 M4SEC2Ͳ1 0.081 13.26 264.1204

16 M4SEC1Ͳ6 0.145 8.523 97.43098

17 M4SEC2Ͳ6 0.145 8.52 97.39668

18 M2DR1Ͳ6 1.03 37.312 426.5334

19 M2DR2Ͳ6 1.171 37.179 425.0131

20 M2VADͲ11 0.816 7.367 146.7402

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21 M2SMSͲ11 2.04 13.918 277.2269

22 M2SEC1Ͳ1 0.143 23.05 459.1234

23 M2SEC2Ͳ1 0.143 23.05 459.1234

24 M2SEC1Ͳ6 1.03 37.131 424.4643

25 M2SEC2Ͳ6 1.034 37.124 424.3843

26 M2SEC3Ͳ6 1.03 37.159 424.7844

27 M2SEC4Ͳ6 1.017 37.151 424.693

28 M6SEC1Ͳ1 0.682 13.809 275.0557

29 M6SEC2Ͳ1 0.682 13.809 275.0557

30 P2Ͳ1Ͳ132 4.765 12.383 2831.134

31 P2Ͳ2Ͳ132 2.932 8.576 1960.737

32 P2SEC1Ͳ6 4.067 12.163 139.0418

33 P2SEC2Ͳ6 4.07 12.162 139.0303

34 P2Ͳ21TͲ6 1.138 3.416 39.05012

35 P2Ͳ22TͲ6 1.138 3.416 39.05012

36 P2Ͳ23TͲ6 1.125 3.347 38.26135

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Annexure B

CASE 2

1 PSG Fault 3 PSG Fault

S.No. Bus Name
Short
Isc (kA) Isc (kA) circuit KVA
1 BESCL220 0.089 3.388 1291.001

2 BESCL400 0.745 2.128 1474.322

3 MSD5Ͳ220 0.016 3.377 1286.81

4 MSD6Ͳ220 0.751 3.382 1288.715

5 BP1TG1Ͳ6 4.018 30.076 343.8149

6 BP1TG2Ͳ6 3.779 30.074 343.792

7 BP1TG0Ͳ6 4.365 24.876 284.3709

8 MSD1Ͳ132 0.422 4.408 1007.804

9 MSD2Ͳ132 1.455 4.772 1091.026

10 MSD3Ͳ132 0.03 4.586 1048.5

11 MSD4Ͳ132 0.82 4.091 935.3282

12 MSD5Ͳ132 0.809 4.22 964.8216

13 MSD6Ͳ132 0.557 3.703 846.6195

14 M4SEC1Ͳ1 1.779 10.483 208.8065

15 M4SEC2Ͳ1 1.78 10.483 208.8065

16 M4SEC1Ͳ6 0.007 7.532 86.10232

17 M4SEC2Ͳ6 0.005 7.529 86.06803

18 M2DR1Ͳ6 0.683 26.374 301.4953

19 M2DR2Ͳ6 0.681 26.302 300.6722

20 M2VADͲ11 0.939 6.3 125.4871

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21 M2SMSͲ11 1.877 11.066 220.4191

22 M2SEC1Ͳ1 0.191 16.168 322.0437

23 M2SEC2Ͳ1 0.215 16.168 322.0437

24 M2SEC1Ͳ6 0.146 26.274 300.3522

25 M2SEC2Ͳ6 0.126 26.269 300.295

26 M2SEC3Ͳ6 0.401 26.291 300.5465

27 M2SEC4Ͳ6 0.117 26.287 300.5008

28 M6SEC1Ͳ1 1.528 10.307 205.3008

29 M6SEC2Ͳ1 1.528 10.307 205.3008

30 P2Ͳ1Ͳ132 1.71 4.658 1064.962

31 P2Ͳ2Ͳ132 1.376 4.034 922.2963

32 P2SEC1Ͳ6 1.945 10.602 121.1971

33 P2SEC2Ͳ6 1.947 10.6 121.1743

34 P2Ͳ21TͲ6 0.506 3.181 36.36371

35 P2Ͳ22TͲ6 0.506 3.181 36.36371

36 P2Ͳ23TͲ6 0.551 3.131 35.79214

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Annexure C

CASE 3

1 PSG Fault 3 PSG Fault

S.No. Bus Name
Short
Isc (kA) Isc (kA) circuit KVA
1 BESCL220 0.143 8.316 3168.822

2 BESCL400 2.117 7.993 5537.713

3 MSD5Ͳ220 0.004 8.249 3143.291

4 MSD6Ͳ220 1.053 8.256 3145.959

5 BP1TG1Ͳ6 3.59 28.622 327.1934

6 BP1TG2Ͳ6 3.535 28.62 327.1705

7 BP1TG0Ͳ6 3.943 23.811 272.1963

8 MSD1Ͳ132 0.423 6.802 1555.146

9 MSD2Ͳ132 1.955 7.916 1809.841

10 MSD3Ͳ132 0.044 7.534 1722.504

11 MSD4Ͳ132 1.107 6.206 1418.882

12 MSD5Ͳ132 1.544 8.33 1904.494

13 MSD6Ͳ132 1.039 6.945 1587.84

14 M4SEC1Ͳ1 2.271 12.486 248.7034

15 M4SEC2Ͳ1 2.273 12.486 248.7034

16 M4SEC1Ͳ6 0.01 8.332 95.24755

17 M4SEC2Ͳ6 0.007 8.328 95.20183

18 M2DR1Ͳ6 0.992 33.899 387.5176

19 M2DR2Ͳ6 0.974 33.79 386.2716

20 M2VADͲ11 1.152 7.145 142.3183

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21 M2SMSͲ11 2.266 13.051 259.9574

22 M2SEC1Ͳ1 0.275 20.875 415.8004

23 M2SEC2Ͳ1 0.318 20.875 415.8004

24 M2SEC1Ͳ6 0.215 33.75 385.8143

25 M2SEC2Ͳ6 0.192 33.743 385.7343

26 M2SEC3Ͳ6 0.116 33.743 385.7343

27 M2SEC4Ͳ6 0.186 33.743 385.7343

28 M6SEC1Ͳ1 2.445 13.116 261.2522

29 M6SEC2Ͳ1 2.445 13.116 261.2522

30 P2Ͳ1Ͳ132 2.457 7.614 1740.794

31 P2Ͳ2Ͳ132 1.83 5.939 1357.838

32 P2SEC1Ͳ6 1.968 10.826 123.7578

33 P2SEC2Ͳ6 1.971 10.824 123.7349

34 P2Ͳ21TͲ6 0.512 3.204 36.62664

35 P2Ͳ22TͲ6 0.512 3.204 36.62664

36 P2Ͳ23TͲ6 0.547 3.129 35.76927