The current Chairperson of the Philippine Board of Nursing is Ms. Carmencita M. Abaquin.

The six members of the

Board are: Ms. Leonila A. Faire, Ms. Betty F. Merritt, Ms. Perla G. Po, Mr. Marco Antonio C. Sto. Tomas, Ms.
Amelia B. Rosales, and Ms. Yolanda C. Arugay.

 Carmencita M. Abaquin is a nurse with Master’s Degree in Nursing obtained from the University of the
Philippines College of Nursing.
 An expert in Medical Surgical Nursing with subspecialty in Oncologic Nursing, which made her known
both here and abroad.
 She had served the University of the Philippines College of Nursing, as faculty and held the position as
Secretary of the College of Nursing.
 Her latest appointment as Chairman of the Board of Nursing speaks of her competence and integrity in the
field she has chosen.

About her Theory:

“PREPARE ME” Interventions and the Quality of Life Advance Progressive Cancer Patients.

Basic Assumptions and Concepts:

PREPARE ME (Holistic Nursing Interventions) are the nursing interventions provided to address the multi-
dimensional problems of cancer patients that can be given in any setting where patients choose to be confined. This
program emphasizes a holistic approach to nursing care. PREPARE ME has the following components:

 Presence – being with another person during the times of need. This includes therapeutic communication,
active listening, and touch.
 Reminisce Therapy – recall of past experiences, feelings and thoughts to facilitate adaptation to present
circumstances.
 Prayer
 Relaxation-Breathing – techniques to encourage and elicit relaxation for the purpose of decreasing
undesirable signs and symptoms such as pain, muscle tension, and anxiety.
 Meditation – encourages an elicit form of relaxation for the purpose of altering patient’s level of
awareness by focusing on an image or thought to facilitate inner sight which helps establish connection and
relationship with God. It may be done through the use of music and other relaxation techniques.
 Values Clarification – assisting another individual to clarify his own values about health and illness in
order to facilitate effective decision making skills. Through this, the patient develops an open mind that
will facilitate acceptance of disease state or may help deepen or enhance values. The process of values
clarification helps one become internally consistent by achieving closer between what we do and what
Board Composition for Nursing

Qualification of Board Members:

Any person who qualifies as Chairman or member of the Board shall automatically resign from any teaching
position in any school, college or university and/ or review program for the local nursing board examinations or in
any office or employment in the Government or any subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof, including
government-owned or controlled corporations or their subsidiaries. He shall not have any pecuniary interest in or
administrative supervision over any institution offering basic nursing education programs, including review classes.

Members of the Board:

Name:      CARMENCITA M. ABAQUIN
Position:  Chairman

Name:      LEONILA A. FAIRE
Position:  Member

Name:      BETTY F. MERRITT
Position:  Member

Name:      PERLA G. PO
Position:  Member

Name:   MARCO ANTONIO C. STO. TOMAS

Position:  Member

Name:      AMELIA B. ROSALES
Position:  Member

Name:      YOLANDA C. ARUGAY
Carmencita Abaquin, RN, MAN
formerly connected to UP-CN
focus is on Medical-Surgical Nursing

>Marco Antonio Sto. Tomas, RN, MAN

former dean of St. Joseph's College in Cavite

>Perla Po, RN, MAN

formerly connected to UP-CN
focus is on Psychiatric Nursing

> Leonila Faire, RN, MAN

formerly connected to UP-CN and Nursing Services of PGH
focus is on Medical Surgical Nursing and Obstetrics

> Yolanda Arugay, RN, MAN

former dean of Philippine Women's University
focus is on Medical Surgical Nursing

> Betty Meritt, RN, MAN

formerly connected to UP-CN
focus is on Psychiatric Nursing

Amelia Rosales, RN, MAN

former dean of Makati Medical Center-CN
focus is on Medical Surgical Nursing

The Philippine Board of Nursing is an administrative body under the Professional Regulation Commission that
regulates the practice of nursing in the Philippines.

Its three primary purpose is to:

1. Provide regulatory standards in the practice of Nursing by implementing the Nurse Practice Act and by
lobbying to Congress any proposed amendment to any laws with direct relationship to the practice of
nursing.
2. Ensure public safety by administering the Philippine Nursing Licensure Exam (PNLE) to graduates of
nursing schools prior to practice of Registered Nursing in the Philippines.
3. Maintain high standards of nursing education by auditing the performance of Philippine Nursing Schools.
 From Novice to Expert
Patricia E. Benner
This page was last updated on November 13, 2010
==========================================

Introduction

 Dr Patricia Benner introduced the concept that expert nurses develop skills and understanding of patient
care over time through a sound educational base as well as a multitude of experiences.
 She proposed that one could gain knowledge and skills ("knowing how") without ever learning the theory
("knowing that").
 She further explains that the development of knowledge in applied disciplines such as medicine and nursing
is composed of the extension of practical knowledge (know how) through research and the characterization
and understanding of the "know how" of clinical experience.
 She coneptualizes in her writing about nursing skills as experience is a prerequisite for becoming an expert.

ABOUT THE THEORIST

 Patricia E. Benner, R.N., Ph.D., FAAN is a Professor Emerita at the University of California, San
Francisco.
 BA in Nursing - Pasadena College/Point Loma College
 MS in Med/Surg nursing from UCSF
 PhD -1982 from UC Berkeley
 1970s - Research at UCSF and UC Berkeley
 Has taught and done research at UCSF since 1979
 Published 9 books and numerous articles
 Published ‘Novice to Expert Theory’ in 1982
 Received Book of the Year from AJN in 1984,1990,1996, 2000
 Her web address is at: http://www.PatriciaBenner.com
 Her profile can be obtained at http://nurseweb.ucsf.edu/www/ix-fd.shtml

LEVELS OF NURSING EXPERIENCE

She described 5 levels of nursing experience as;

1. Novice
2. Advanced beginner
3. Competent
4. Proficient
5. Expert

Novice

 Beginner with no experience

 Taught general rules to help perform tasks
 Rules are: context-free, independent of specific cases, and applied universally
 Rule-governed behavior is limited and inflexible
 Ex. “Tell me what I need to do and I’ll do it.”
Advanced Beginner

 Demonstrates acceptable performance

 Has gained prior experience in actual situations to recognize recurring meaningful components
 Principles, based on experiences, begin to be formulated to guide actions

 Competent

 Typically a nurse with 2-3 years experience on the job in the same area or in similar day-to-day situations
 More aware of long-term goals
 Gains perspective from planning own actions based on conscious, abstract, and analytical thinking and
helps to achieve greater efficiency and organization

Proficient

 Perceives and understands  situations as whole parts

 More holistic understanding  improves decision-making
 Learns from experiences what to expect in certain situations  and how to modify plans

Expert

 No longer relies on principles, rules, or guidelines to connect situations and determine actions
 Much more background of experience
 Has intuitive grasp of clinical situations
 Performance is now fluid, flexible, and highly-proficient

Different levels of skills reflect changes in 3 aspects of skilled performance:

1. Movement from relying on abstract principles to using past concrete experiences to guide actions
2. Change in learner’s perception of situations as whole parts rather than in separate pieces
3. Passage from a detached observer to an involved performer, no longer outside the situation but now
actively engaged in participation

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE THEORY

 These levels reflect movement from reliance on past abstract principles to the use of past concrete
experience as paradigms and change in perception of situation as a complete whole in which certain parts
are relevant
 Each step builds on the previous one as abstract principles are refined and expanded by experience and the
learner gains clinical expertise.
 This theory changed the profession's understanding of what it means to be an expert, placing this
designation not on the nurse with the most highly paid or most prestigious position, but on the nurse who
provided "the most exquisite nursing care.
 It recognized that nursing was poorly served by the paradigm that called for all of nursing theory to be
developed by researchers and scholars, but rather introduced the revolutionary notion that the practice itself
could and should inform theory.
CONCLUSION

 Nursing practice guided by the human becoming theory live the processes of the Parse practice
methodology illuminating meaning, synchronizing rhythms, and mobilizing transcendence
 Research guided by the human becoming theory sheds light on the meaning of universal humanly lived
experiences such as hope, taking life day-by-day, grieving, suffering, and time passing

RESEARCH ON BENNER'S THEORY

1. Towards an alternative to Benner's theory of expert intuition in nursing: a discussion paper

2. An evaluation of the seminal work of Patricia Benner: theory or philosophy?
3. A response by P. Benner to K. Cash, "Benner and expertise in nursing: a critique"
4. Benner and expertise in nursing: a critique
5. Intuition as a function of the expert nurse: a critique of Benner's novice to expert model

1. Caregiver/ Care provider – the traditional and most essential role

 functions as nurturer, comforter, provider

 “mothering actions” of the nurse
 provides direct care and promotes comfort of client
 activities involves knowledge and sensitivity to what matters and what is important to clients
 shows concern for client welfare and acceptance of the client as a person

2. Teacher – provides information and helps the client to learn or acquire new knowledge and technical skills

 encourages compliance with prescribed therapy.

 promotes healthy lifestyle
 interprets information to the client

3. Counselor- helps client to recognize and cope with stressful psychologic or social problems; to develop an
improve interpersonal relationships and to promote personal growth

 provides emotional, intellectual to and psychologic support

 focuses on helping a client to develop new attitudes, feelings and behaviors rather than promoting
intellectual growth.
 encourages the client to look at alternative behaviors recognize the choices and develop a sense of control.

4. Change agent- initiate changes or assist clients to make modifications in themselves or in the system of care.

5. Client advocate- involves concern for and actions in behalf of the client to bring about a change.

 promotes what is best for the client, ensuring that the client’s needs are met and protecting the client’s
right.
 provides explanation in clients language and support clients decisions.

6. Manager – makes decisions, coordinates activities of others, allocate resources, evaluate care and personnel

 plans, give direction, develop staff, monitors operations, give the rewards fairly and represents both staff
and administrations as needed .
7. Researcher – participates in identifying significant researchable problems

 participates in scientific investigation and must be a consumer of research findings

 must be aware of the research process, language of research, a sensitive to issues related to protecting the
rights of human subjects.

Expanded role of the nurse:

1 Clinical Specialists- is a nurse who has completed a master’s degree in specialty and has considerable clinical
expertise in that specialty. She provides expert care to individuals, participates in educating health care professionals
and ancillary, acts as a clinical consultant and participates in research.
2. Nurse Practitioner- is a nurse who has completed either as certificate program or a master’s degree in a specialty
and is also certified by the appropriate specialty organization. She is skilled at making nursing assessments,
performing P. E., counseling, teaching and treating minor and self- limiting illness.

3. Nurse-midwife- a nurse who has completed a program in midwifery; provides prenatal and postnatal care and
delivers babies to woman with uncomplicated pregnancies.

4. Nurse anesthetist- a nurse who completed the course of study in an anesthesia school and carries out pre-operative
status of clients.

5. Nurse Educator- A nurse usually with advanced degree, who beaches in clinical or educational settings, teaches
theoretical knowledge, clinical skills and conduct research.

6. Nurse Entrepreneur- a nurse who has an advanced degree, and manages health-related business.

7. Nurse administrator- a nurse who functions at various levels of management in health settings; responsible for the
management and administration of resources and personnel involved in giving patient care