C.

1 Assuming the connecting wires and the battery have negligible resistance, the voltage across the 25-0 resistance in Figure C.l is

a.25V b.60V ~ d.15V e.12.5V

\Vol+a3e. DIVISIO n - vall d foe- Sene.s Circuits

30

20

t

Vf\ 250

V n -= Vs Rn
R~
Vn ~ Coo V (25n- ") - 50V
-
3n.+2n. f. 25[1 60V +

Figure C.l

C.2 Assuming the connecting wires and the battery have negligible resistance, the voltage across the 6-Q resistor in Figure C.2 is

a.6V b.3.5V c.12V @ e.3V

v '

60

Lef~ USe. +lu s eKe\. m pie +0 reo V Jew the C I rev i t an(t_ I (~..s IS methods,

I )V 0 Ita ~ D I v 15 Ion 2) CUl"'ren + DJVIS jOr')

:3) NQcle M e+hod

4) MRJ h Me f-hod

5) Th.e/venIYl Eqvfvc-tlehf-

2Q

12 n

12 V +

Figure C.2

Vo\ta.2e D,\l,sJon - vcd,d {Dr- series Clr--CUi+S 211.

11V

Il.n. II (pJL = 4 ri:

V= 12V(4_D .. ) 212 + 412-

8 VDlrr

ILV

t2n.

v

12V 01l

Is:: 12 V

-----

2Jl. + (I 2. fL I / b~ ')

= 2A

CUfyenf Division

I I::_ 2 A ( \/1 2. ) Y;2 + \/Co

Q,b7A

V= O.b7A('2.J2.) - ?fV

12 -- 2 A (~/Io) - t, 3'3 A

\ I 1/-

IlL + "

Node -Vo Ita~e Method

'\j (,l:: \ 7- './ 2.J2_ Vb =- v

\1Y

- R.eference Node

Bd InspRL tIDY') kCL @ Node 6 :

V'a.::ILV

J2-1/ 'V V

2. :::. -'2- + -~

72.-(P'V = V+2.V

M e s h - C u pry- e n + JV1 e + hod zfl.

+

12 V

.~ I 2 + 2 II + \ 2 ( l \ - -L2) =- 0

\4 LI - 12 L2 :::. 12. CD

- 12. (ll-L2. ) + 0Lz. =0

- 12. L It , 5: l L ::: 0 ®

\

Sol V /f'Jj ~ Iv eJ- L/ =2A) L 2. = 1.33A

11 z: 12 ( i I _ i]_) ~ ] 2 ( ;L - j j 33) - 8 Vo l+r

Tn e v eYlIY1 E 1 U I v' Ct Ie t1 i-On e - po,.-+ N<11wor t.-: T j, ear (J 2._.J1_

Tempo(,Ctn l(j ~+ CtSld-e__ -th.e_ 0JL r-es Is1Dr.

,),,15 forms [,C_ one-porf

riel wov lc .

U.se Sov(a Trans-forms to Reduce to +he SIl11ples+ fOrM

ILV

I2.V

--

2fl- -

6A

232-//12JL - \./1 Jl

\.11il.

Re Ct ++a L h -rh£ bJL r e j u ror . 1t:5 ~y CLl 1-1- I j concerned ~ SL.js+-e.m IJ eJvlv'~\{eM-f-.

L1(JL

f\/'r----o

+

11 = /0, ;2...80 (0IL) 0Jl..- + 1.1 ( .n,

C.3 A 125- V battery charger is used to charge a 75- V battery with internal resistance of 1.5 1'2. If the charging current is not to exceed 5 A, the minimum resistance in series with the . charger must be

a. Ion b.SQ c.38.5Q d.41.SQ @

J< VL

t R t1.50 -/25 + (mR)( R+ lrYlO-x /.5n.. +75:::. 0

12S;~~5V -/2.5 t (SA')1Z.+ (SAl/.S t75 =0

- T \ i~.) r- -, R::. ~.5fL

Figure C.3

C.4 A coil with inductance of I H and negligible resistance carries the current shown in Figure CA.1be maximum energy stored in the inductor is

. a. 2 J c§ c. 0.25 J d. I J e. 0.2 J

o F .• gura C.4

t, IDS

0,5J

c.s The maximum voltage that will appear across the coil is

aSV b.lOOV c.250V ~ e.5.000V

'VLl~):: L d it (4::) eft

lIL - L L1L L:d.:

I H (I A-) ,_ 500 V

2.mS

C.6 A voltage sine wave of peak value 100 V is in phase with a current sine wave of peak value 4 A. When the phase angle is 60° later than a time at which the voltage and the current are both zero, the instantaneous power is most nearly

a. 250 W h. 200 W c. 400 W d. 150 W

V r

p ( -t) = n, -M CO 5 e (j + COS 2 W t )

'L

pCt:) :;

= toow

c~ 7 A sinusoidal voltage whose amplitude is 20..)2 V is applied to a 5-Q resistor. The root-mean-square value of the current is

a.5.66A e c. 7.07 A d.8A

.Vrn=2ofiV ~?

e. lOA

III:: v ; _ Il. I

- 41{i.A

- 4 A

C .. 8 The magnitude of the steady-state root-mean-square voltage across the capacitor in the circuit of Figure C.5 is

~ b.lSV c.lOV d.45V e.60V

V 0 '+a~ Q_ 1) "j I S 10 ()

30 V (nns) + ~~ 'J;: ?J 0 L!:!:..

Ion

Vc

30 L!!__ ( - J I 0 Jl- ')

I O.fL - J I O.fL + J I 0 JL_

-jlOO

+jlO 0

30 / C]O"V

Figure C.5

The next set of questiOns (Bxen:i1eS C.9 to C.28) pertain to single-phase AC power caIcolations and refer t9 the single-pbase electrical network shown in Figure C.6.ln this figure. Es I: 480LOO V; Is = I00L _ISO A; Cc). 1207r radls. Further, load A is a bank of single-phase induction machines. The bank has an efficiency" of 80 percent. a power factor of 0.70 lagging, and • load of 20 hp. Load B is a bank of overexcited single-phase synchronous machines. 1be machines draw IS kVA, and the load current leads the line voltage by 300. Load C is a lighting (resistive) load and absorbs 10 tW. Load Dis. proposed singie·phase capacitor that will correct the source power factor to unity.

Pb;: 15 leVA ( co~ -30") = 12 /t1 k: W

~' ) - 30"

6... Qb~-7.5JcVAR.

-- IS· kv,4

B) .sYnchr-ol)ouJ Mtl(~'ne

Pe. -= 10 K-W

Qc... ~ 0

c) LjahtlV7~ Lo({J

I GIl:> - -II.S3ILvAR 1») Capac lfur

w~2rrf

;:. 120fl'r·o.Jh

Figure C.6

+

Es ::: 480~ vi

P F z cos e := 0.7

lacJ

Q a_ = J S'(,l z. - Pit 2

e.9 The root-mean-square magnitude of load A current, denoted by 1.10. is most nearly

a.44.4A ·b.31.0SA c.60A d.38.85A ~

S·"=. ~~ *' SCL =- lb. 04 kVA /45tb" ~ 480~ V ( ~c!)

T:« ~ z: 55.5 /45,1:/' A

C.1 0 The phase angle of Itt with respect to the line voltage Es is most nearly

a. 36.87° b_ 60° ~ d 30° e.480

10.-*: 55.S/+S,b"'A T»: ~ 55.S/-45,b"'4

C.11 The power absorbed by synchronous machines is most nearly

a. 20.000 W b. 7,500 W c. 13,000 W ~ e. 15,000 W

C.12 The power factor of the system before load D is installed is most nearly

a. 0.70 lagging b. 0.866 leading c.0.8661agging

d. 0.966 leading e:-0.9661aggi3::>

Sj::: Sa.. t-.51 + S c -2b,{o4 L4).((/ kVlt +- 15/- 30' K-VA r: 10 e:_ k. VA

.- 43,2() / 15.4-~~ kVA PF:: COS 15",41"-

::- 0.9ro /ClfYJ/rlf}

C.13 The capacitance of the capacitor that will give a unity power factor of the system is most nearly

a. 219 f,LF b. 187 J.tF ~ d. 240 f.lF e. 132.7 pF

._ /1. 53 k V A R-

2.

- - 377 c (-180 V)

C =- 133_flf

c. 14· The expression for the current in the 2-0 resistor in Figure C.7 for time greater than

zero is

a. _3e-G.5t + 3 A d. _6e0.5t + 6 A

b. 3e...(}·51 + 3 A e. 6e-o.S1 + 6 A

12 V

Figure C.1

c. _3eo.St + 3 A

F, r S1 - 0 (d-'? { C I r C !A I + W Ii' h SWI +che d de SOU{(L

fo r t 7/ 0 {.(-.f;) :=I.oo + (.10 - IoO) e - '1:/ t

t:= LIft.;: 1- H/2-fl_ ::. Zsec:

Ioo z: 12.1/ -::. bA 2...12-

~6 =- 0 . _ t/2

L({:;)= co-loe A

(n.o-f a. c1101& )

C.15 A three-phase circuit is shown in Figure C.S. Load resistors (66 Q) are connected in delta and supplied by a 220- V baJanced three-phase source through three lines of 2-0 resistance. The magnitude of the root-mean-square, line-to-line voltage across each 66-D resister is most nearly

C.16 A three-phase load is composed of three impedances of 9.0 + j9.0 n and connected in viye. The balanced three-phase source is 208 V (line to line). The current in each line is most

nearly e WE .IL = .r-

a.40A b.16.3A c.13.3A d .. 9A e.6A

~ :1_L:;'~ \ Vl-I =- {31 '{p I

20S~ t:~L

13 - I

a. 198 V

b. 110 V

. Figure C.S

d. 220 V e. 120 V

6 -"/ CoY)ver5/o;1 -fOr b~lan(.eJ

l Y .=. ~ = 0bfL z: '1ZfL

;3 3

P~r- Phase £"1ulvCtlen1- Clr-(t,{(~ 2n..

v_ z: 220 L!_" ( 22-Q") Y3

22 + 1

The next four exercises refer to a three-phase system with Iine-to-Iine voltage of 220 V om, with ABC phase sequence and with phase reference VAB shown in the phase diagram of Figure C.l O. The load is a balanced delta connection, shown in Figure CII with branch impedances Z = 30 - j40 n. j = ./=T.

50 /-53./3",iL.

A + VAB B - +

Vsc

C -

Figure C.10

Figure C.11

C.17 The phase current is most nearly

Q4.4L53.13?!D b. 2.4L53.13° A

d, 4.4L -53.13° A e. 2.4L -53.13° A

c. 4.4LO° A

VAS :: 2. 2D L!!.:.' V

2201.!:... V

50 1-53,I3~Jl...

C.18 The line current IA (in amperes) is most nearly

a. 4.4L -186.87° b.4.4L23° c. 7 ~ e. 7L -186.870

DELT -A- I L =- -f3 L ~3()'" ~ r := D L.2.0' ( 4.4 I.E.!.:} <J A )

- I.hz /23.J3"4

C.19 The power factor is most nearly

a. 1.0 <E:::O.61ead~ c. 0.866 leading d.O e. 0.8 lagging

P r z: CQ-S{7 =- COS (-53. 13) ~ ?,60 /eCidl nd-

C.20 The total real power delivered from the source to the. load is most nearly

.-----~ .

a. 1,496 W b. 580 W ~ d. 2,904 W e. 850 W

fT z: {3 V l- lL (OJ -e - -{3 ('22.0 'v) (7. h 2. A ) Cos (-53, 13)

\7420./

C.21 The circuit of Figure C.13 is a

a. Peak. detector d. Voltage doubler

b. Half-wave rectifier (£OFull-wave rectifi~

c. Bridge rectifier

Pigure C.13

C.22 The inductor L and the capacitor C serve the function of

a. Converting the AC input to DC output

b. Increasing the peak value of the output voltage

c. Protecting the diodes

d. A high-pass filter

~ucmg the npple component of the output yolta~

C.23 The ideal diode D in Figure C.14 will always conduct if

Ca. VI is greater than Vi) b. V2 is greater than VJ•

c. V, is greater than I V. d. R2 is an open circuit.

e. R I is an open circuit.

1) 10 de Mod e I 5

V,-=-

ON - Mod~ I a_( 0.. short -c \ r(~,..f OFF- Mode I as ttn open- CUrClA.+

C hf>( k ASJV (Y1 pi-IOYl ~

ON", c o > 0 OPF: Vi) < 0

Figure C.14

'1<., ~to

:l* .r

VI - V' -

-I ~T

I ~ I

to "/ 0 I F

C.24 In the circuit of Figure C.lS, 'which value is closest to VJ if RI = 2.2ts'2. R2 = I.SW, R3 = 18 kC, V, = 120mV, andVz = -40mV?

a. -250 mV b.500 mV e: -500 ~ d. 1.46 V e. -1.46 V

I 011'. Ideo"'! 0 P - Am pA- SSUm pl1on.s

t RJ ( n ef1o.ll ve fu d btt.c k- )

---7

Figure C.1S

RIo -) 00 Rovt:;: 0 Ai(oL-) ~ cO

J I

in p vi co fren-b " re: z:e ,,0 ( V I r-iv« I o~ €.tIl)

input' d (Fferen(.~ t/r;/h,(f 11 J.-e/'o {Vw-fu,;.,/ 5h(;~

kCL @ -Inpvt '. VI 1- ~ _ -V~

R, Rz R~

C.2.5 In Figure C.IS, if R, = 2.2 ill, R3 = 18 k!J, VI = 120 mY, and V2 = -40 mY, choose the value of R2 such that V3 = O.

a. 1.2 kQ b.5 kO c. 7.33 kSl If:O.733 ~ e. 0.5 k!i'2

S (t, me fDrmu I a_ ,4:j" ..41,v ve

o -=-( I &'kn- (0. 12.V) + {Sk.fl_ (-O.01-V) \_

2.2m 1<.2. ) z» R2:::? 33..Jl.

C.26 Which of the following is a true characteristic of magnetic flux lines?

d. They are continoous.

e. None of the ave.

C.27 ForthecircuitofFigureC.16,wherei = 2A,¢ = 1 x IO-3Wb,cross-sectionalarea = 5 in2• and the mean flux path length = 2 in, the total reluctance R: of the magnetic circuit in (A-tums)(in2) fWb is

a. 1 x lOS ~ c. 1.5 X 105 d. 3.5 X 104 ~

,Assvme tJ = \ 00 -tvr nJ

Figure C.16

Ma_~ netic C I rev it A-n ~ I Db Ie_} emf -7 mmf (3=') Cur--ren+ ~ flu)( (r(J)

'('est st-ance -T Relvclunu (£)

M a. Ey"..e+7 eel r- ( U I 1-

_-.::::>::.... ¢ -=- J x lo-3Wb

J: WL ~toO(2A) =- 2ooA' t-

?f~C/J~

62.:: 200 A . f:

I X/O-3Wb

peL A de current of 3 A flows through an initially uncharged capacitor. After two microseconds, the magnitude of the net electric charge on one plate of

the capacitor is most nearly: ~ -=- d q /d· -= b o/LJ t

a. 3 ""C Co 0 fJ,C i:

~ d. 0.667I-£C D. Q ~ 3A C2j.{Sec )

- 0fiC

PC%. For the circuit of Figure PC.2, the power dissipated in the 10~Q resistor is most nearly:

B. 22.5 W

b. 8.27W

c. 1.84 W

~

3,S1v

50

15 v-=-

100

t V

200

+

Figure Pc.2

PC3. Tho initially uncharged capacitors have values of 6 /-iF and 12 J.LF. The capacitors are connected in series, and a 200- V de source is applied to the combination. The charge taken from the source is most nearly:

~ Ce~ ~. I I I ~ 1}1F

b. 3600 IlC Co }JF + 12)-1 F

c. 600 J.LC

d. 1200 /-iC

cv

1 = q;: 1- fi f ( LOO 1/) ,- 30()y C

PC4. A 2-hp 220~ V-rms single-phase induction motor operates at full load with 80% efficiency and 0.75 lagging power factor. The magnitude of the rms motor current is most nearly:

a. 4.07 A POL.L t :: 2hr (74h Wlhp) .:- 14Qz_ vv'

~ Pin ~ \4'1z..W /0.8 - 18~5 W

c. 6.35 A P J ~05 'vV

S::. If F ::. - 24'8'7 VA

d.8.78A Ol7S

S = VI* lsi ~ 'vlltl

--

lIl:: 24f?7vA/220V = 11.3A

pes.

A 30-[2 resistor, a pure capacitance having a reactance magnitude of 80 [2, and a pure inductance baving a reactance magnitude of 40 n are in series. The impedance magnitude of the series combination is most nearly:

a. 150 n

~

c. 14.1 n

d. 17. 1 n

~e9 .:: lR. t- l L t LL

- 3o.n.... + J 4O.Jl. ._ J 80,f2,.

le~ :: (30 -.J 40 ) J2_

- 50 /-S3./J",[L

PC6. The apparent power supplied to a load in an ac circuit is 2000 volt -amperes with a power factor of 0.6 lagging. The reactive power is most nearly:

8.1200VAR

h. 3333 VAR

~.

d.2500VAR

2000(O,b) - I LoO w

PC7. A 1SO-microfarad capacitor has been charged to a potential of 100 V. A 50- (2 resistor is placed across the capacitor. After 20 time constants, the total energy delivered to the resistor is most nearly:

a. 1.5 J T r [.{ t1 S ,e" t te h C{ V lor I t{ S + S ~ 5 L

b. OJ

~ We =. ~ Cv2. ::: ~ 150,flF(/OO.J)2.

d. 15 x 10-3 J

= 0.753

PCB. The current through the 50-(2 resistor for the circuit shown in Figure PC.S is most nearly:

ca: 1.56A;Y

b. 1.10 Arms

c. 2.20 A rms

d. 0.52 Arms

50il

7!L.::jwL

l::L -:: j (377 )(Or IS If ) z: j 5ro,5SJL

W -=:.Z.TfbO ::3

150mH

Figure pc.s

-

l:.c:: -J/

1377)( 25)-{ r )

-_j \ Oh I .ri.

1

IIOVE

50 .a. 1- j 5 b, S rfL - J tot; I J{_ -

I. S ~ / 44 .1f~ A

PC9. For time t greater than zero, the mathematical expression of the current through the 25- n resistance of Figure PC.9 is:

G. 1 - exp( -21) ~

b. 1- exp(-t/2) A

c. exp( -2t) A

d. exp( -t /2) A

25Q

12.5 H

( (. f ) z: 1 zo + (JQ'_ Too) e - -f / "i:-

Ll 12.sH

'c= / R.. = 2::Gi .: OS ~,-

1.0= D I (lO :: 2>'V /25 IL ~ I A

Figure PC.9

PCIO. The output voltage Vo in the ideal op-amp circuit shown in Figure PC.lO is:

a. SVt +2.SlJ2 kCL @ if)ve(fJn,a j "Pllt

b. lOvt + 5t12 '11, - 0 11 L - Q - 'V 0

/1/", f- 2 lr r» /'01/ rl

C. -SUt - 2.5v2 t::-J L f-I L- Y..J'_"

~

lOkn

lOill

Figure PC.IO

PCIL The output voltage Vo in the ideal op-amp circuit shown in Figure PC.1I is most nearly:

a..4V

~

c.2V

'Va -2.

d.8V

+.

2V -=-

-l

2 k!l -E-- 1 len

Figure PC.11

'2

Yo::: ro V

Itrfl

pel2. The voltage Va shown in Figure PC.12 is best described as:

@.2 v].c) T::: \/bO = I b,7 mseL .

, . L = R. C ~ 10m (IO(}0)Af )

b. 15 V de

c. 15 V ac

d. a half-wave rectified sine wave

Ideal

15 V nns 60Hz

- I Osee..

1: » T

Figure PC.12

/ m :; "f'2 ( I sv ) ;: 21.2V

__ --- __ :-----~ __ y--..-. FI liered aLit pvf

j_J n.f~ l-te.-r€ d 001 r vt .~-~-~~~~-4_--~~ t

<-z__- In r v+

PC13. The voltage Va shown in Figure PC.13 is most nearly:

a. 5 V Both Cannot- be otJ .1

b. 7.5 V c.OV

~

,

jov -4- Lp

5 v :~ 0/, - I · Yo

lR-

Idea! -

(0-=-10 (t1)70)Ok:) Fl

''V'r) :: 5 - , 0 :: - 5 (rVV<O/oK)

+

Ideal VI) ::. /0 V

+

5V~

1

~

Figure PC.13

PCl4. The current flowing through the 5-0 resistor in Figure PC.14 is most nearly:

a. 2Arms

b. 4 A rms

~

cLOArms

Figure PC.14

50

I -:_ 5"; ::: I .A sft