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Abstract
In the course of time the core “Futhark” of the first 6 letters (Futhark, Futhorc, Futhrk) remained
remarkable stable and never really changed its pattern, which comes close to the same
categorization (“linguals, palatals, gutturals, labials, dentals”) according to the Name of the Indo-
European sky-god D-I-A-U-S.
Although the runic alphabets (both Futharks and the Staveless Runes) seemed to share the same
categorization of the abecedaria their literal order “F-U-Th-A-R-K” could not be understood and
does not match the standard A-B-C-D-.. sequence.
A problem arose from the first two letters, which both ought to be identified as labials. The dual
characterized couple “F”-”U” of letters could not be solved in the structure of Flinders Petrie's
“periodical tables”.
A standardization of the runic alphabets however turned out to be successful. All investigated
alphabets (Ugaritic, Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Futhark, Futhorc, Futhrk) turned out to display a similar
“sacred” core of 3 vowels at the center of cartouche in the standardized alphabetic array of letters.
The central triads of letters inside the cartouche of the standardized alphabets are identified as a
common pattern: palatal – guttural - labial (such as I10-Ε5-V6, Y11, Ḫ4, W7, I-E-Y, I-E-U, I-H-U, I-G-
U, I-Æ-U).
Introduction
Obviously the Elder & Younger Futhark as well as the staveless runes could not be interpreted as
standard abecedaria. The runic signaries also could not be transformed to periodical tables.
Although the runic (Futhark, Futhorc and the Staveless) alphabets seemed to share the same
categorization of the abecedaria their literal order “F-U-Th-A-R-K” could not be understood.
In the course of time the core “Futhark” of the first 6 letters (Futhark, Futhorc, Futhrk) remained
remarkable stable and never really changed its pattern, which came close to the same categorization
linguals, palatals, gutturals, labials, dentals) according to the Indo-European sky-god D-I-A-U-S.
A problem arose from the first two letters, which usually are identified as labials. The initial couple
of letters “F”-”U” at the Futhark-signaries could not be explained in the structure of Flinders
Petrie's periodical tables.
The standardization of the runic alphabets however turned out to be successful 1. All investigated
alphabets (Ugaritic, Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Futhark, Futhorc, Futhrk) turned out to display a sacred
core of 3 vowels at the center of cartouche in the standardized alphabetic array of letters.
The method to standardize the Ugaritic, Hebrew, Greek, Latin and Futhark alphabets is simple. We
may categorize each letter and fill a table with the letters for each category according to their
standard order in the alphabet. The letters of the alphabet are inserted in the five columns, which in
this order also represent the representative letters of the Indo-European sky-god D-I-A-U-S.
Both the Younger and Elder Futhark as well as the staveless runes could be standardized, resulting
in the deities TIEUS, TIEU or TIU, TIW, respectively DIÆUS, DIÆU , or DIEUS, DIEU or DIU,
DIW.
The central triads of letters inside the cartouche of the standardized alphabets are identified as a
common pattern: palatal – guttural - labial (such as I10-Ε5-V6, Y11, Ḫ4, W7, I-E-Y, I-E-U, I-H-U, I-G-
U, I-Æ-U).
These letter combinations inside the cartouche may have been used to form the personal pronouns
(“ego”) of the first person singular. Several languages such as Provencal and some Romansh
dialects also use IEU (respectively IAU and IOU) as personal pronouns (“ego”) of the first person
singular. These patterns may be generated by standardizing the signaries.
Table 2: The Standardizing of the Hebrew alphabet which locates the Great Name I10-Ε5-V6 inside
the cartouche (D4, G3, Æ1 , B2, Z7, S15, Ts18, M13, H8, Ch11, L12, T9) of the Hebrew alphabet
The Standardizing of the Ugaritic alphabet
We may use the 5 standard columns for the Ugaritic alphabet: linguals, palatals, gutturals, labials,
dentals
1. The 6 linguals are D5, Ṭ10, L14, Ḏ16, N17, T27, 5 of which are found in the Hebrew alphabet:
Dalet (ד, D5), Teth (ט, Ṭ10), Lamedh (ל, L14), Nun (נ, N17), Taw (ת, Th27).
2. The 5 palatals are G3, Y11, K12, Q13, Ġ26, 4 of which are also found in the Hebrew alphabet:
Gimel (ג, G3), Yodh (י, I11 ), Kaph (כ, Ch12), Qoph (ק, K13).
3. The central guttural pillar is filled with the 6 gutturals: ʾA1, Ḫ4, H6, Ḥ9, ʿ(O)20, ʾI28, 4 of
which are also found in the Hebrew alphabet: “Aleph (א, A1), He (ה, E6), Heth (ח, H9), ‘Ayin
(ע, Gh20 ).
4. The 5 labials are B2, W7, M15, P21, 'U29, 4 of which are found in the Hebrew alphabet: Bet (ב,
B2), Waw (ו, W7), Mem (מ, M15), Pe (פ, Ph21 ).
5. The 8 dentals are Z8, Š13, Ẓ18, S19, Ṣ22, R24, Ṯ25, S230, 5 of which are found in Hebrew: Zayin (
ז, Z8), Samekh (ס, S19), Tsade (צ, Ts22), Resh (ר, R24), Shin (ש, Sh25).
The central keyword at the 2 nd line is Y11, Ḫ4. W7, which matches the Great Name I10-Ε5-V6 in the
Hebrew alphabet. The name of the sky-god D5, Y11, Ḫ4. W7, S19 represents all 5 categories.
In the Ugaritic abecedaria of the "Northern Semitic order" the Great Name “YHW” is highlighted
yellow in a central frame. The surrounding cartouche is highlighted by a blue line. The letters are D-
G-Ḫ-B-Z-Š-S-M-Ḥ-K-L-Ṯ. This cartouche largely matches the surrounding borderline (D4, G3, Æ1 ,
B2, Z7, S15, Ts18, M13, H8, Ch11, L12, T9) of the cartouche in the Hebrew alphabet. The alpha however
is positioned at the very top of the alphabet to find a location for the letter Ḫ4.
The colored sections refer to the letters which are identified in the Hebrew alphabet. In the
uncolored section we find the 8 letters (ḫ, š, ḏ, ẓ, ġ, ʾi, ʾu, s2) which are missing in the Hebrew
alphabet.
The Standardizing of the Greek alphabet
The Greek alphabet may be sorted as follows:
• linguals: Δ, Θ, Λ, N, T
• palatals: Γ, I, K, Q
• gutturals: A, E, H, O
• labials: B, F, M, Π, Φ, Y, Ω
• dentals: Ζ, Ξ, “M”, P, Σ
The early Greek alphabets seemed to have inherited the perfect structure of the cartouche (D4, G3,
Æ1 , B2, Z7, S15, Ts18, M13, H8, Ch11, L12, T9) of the Hebrew alphabet.
Additionally the letters Chi X, Phi Φ, Upsilon Y and Omega Ω had to be inserted.
The alphabet displays the core I - E - Y for the sky-god's name at the center of the cartouche.
This concept generates the divine Names ΔIEYΣ, respectively ΔIOYΣ or ΔIAYΣ.
The Standardizing of the Latin alphabet
The Latin alphabet may be sorted as follows:
• linguals: D, L, N, T
• palatals: C, I, J, K, Q, X, Y
• gutturals: A, E, H, O
• labials: B, F, M, P, U, V, W, Y
• dentals: G, R, S, Z
The Latin alphabet lost 4 letters theta Θ , zeta Ζ, xi Ξ, San. The missing sectors are colored gray.
Additionally the letters J, G, U, V, W, X, Y, Z had to be inserted.
The alphabet displays the core I - E - U for the sky-god's name at the center of the cartouche.
This concept generates the divine Names DIEUS, respectively DIOUS or DIAUS.
The Germanic signaries
Obviously the Elder & Younger Futhark and the staveless runes could not be interpreted as standard
abecedaria. The runic signaries also could not be transformed to periodical tables.
Although the runic (Futhark, Futhorc and the Staveless) alphabets seemed to share the same
categorization of the abecedaria their literal order “F-U-Th-A-R-K” could not be understood.
In the course of time the core “Futhark” of the first 6 letters (Futhark, Futhorc, Futhrk) remained
remarkable stable and never really changed its pattern, which came close to the same categorization
linguals, palatals, gutturals, labials, dentals) according to the Indo-European sky-god D-I-A-U-S.
A problem arose from the first two letters, which ought to be identified as labials. The dual
characterized couple “F”-”U” of letters could not be explained in the structure of Flinders Petrie's
periodical tables.
The standardization of the runic alphabets however turned out to be successful. All investigated
alphabets (Ugaritic, Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Futhark, Futhorc, Futhrk) turned out to display a sacred
core of 3 vowels at the center of cartouche in the standardized alphabetic array of letters.
Central Triad of Letters inside the cartouche of the standardized alphabets is a central section filled
with a combination: palatal – guttural - labial (such as I10-Ε5-V6):
Signary (“alphabet”) Central Triad of Letters Remarks
(inside the cartouche)
Hebrew alphabet I10-Ε5-V6 The Great Name
Ugaritic alphabet Y11, Ḫ4, W7 Cuneiform (transliterated)
Early Greek alphabet I-E-F, respectively I-E-Y F = digamma (→ U,V,W,Y)
Latin alphabet I-E-V, respectively I-E-U F = digamma (→ U,V,W)
Younger Futhark Signary I-H-U U = the U from Futhark
Elder Futhark Signary I-G-U U = the U from Futhark
Staveless runes Signary I-Æ-U U = the U from Futhark
Table 6 Central Triad of Letters inside the cartouche of the standardized alphabets
The basic structure of the standardized alphabet may be illustrated with the following pattern of the
cartouche filled with I-H-U in the Younger Futhark signary:
Elder ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ ᚨ ᚱ ᚲ ᚷ ᚹ ᚺ ᚾ ᛁ ᛃ ᛇ ᛈ ᛉ ᛊ ᛏ ᛒ ᛖ ᛗ ᛚ ᛜ ᛞ ᛟ
Futhark f u þ a r c g w h n i j æ p z s t b e m l ŋ d o
Younger ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ ᚬ ᚱ ᚴ - - ᚼ ᚾ ᛁ - ᛅ - - ᛋ ᛏ ᛒ - ᛘ ᛚ - - ᛦ
Futhark F U Þ A R C - - H N I - Æ - - S T B - M L - - ʀ
Staveless ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ - ᚱ ᚴ - - ᚼ ᚾ ᛁ - ᛅ - - ᛋ ᛏ ᛒ - ᛘ ᛚ - - ᛦ
runes F U Þ - R C - - H N I - Æ - - S T B - M L - - ʀ
Table 8 The categorized letters of the Elder, Younger Futhark and Staveless runes signaries
• linguals: þ, n, z, t, l, ŋ, d
• palatals: c, i, j
• gutturals: a, g, h, æ, e
• labials: f, u, w, p, b, m, o
• dentals: r, s
These letters are inserted in the five columns titled linguals, palatals, gutturals, labials, dentals:
linguals palatals gutturals labials dentals
1 Þ C A F R
2 N I G U S
3 Z J H W -
4 T Æ P
5 L E B
6 Ŋ M
7 D O
Each of the consonants and vowels may be replaced by a another letter of the same category.
Therefore the letter Þ may be replaced by a T. Also letters may be skipped in the words.
According to Caesar the most important deity was named DIS or “TYS” or “TUIS”.
The trailing letter R may be replaced by the dental S which results in “TYR”
The symbols I-H-U inside the cartouche may be transformed into TIHUS, TIHU or TIU, TIW. Each
of the vowels may be replaced by a another vowel of the same category. This would transform the
sky-god's name in TIÆUS or TIÆU.
The standardization of the Staveless runes' Signary
The Younger Futhark signary may be sorted as follows:
• linguals: þ, n, t, l
• palatals: c, i
• gutturals: h, æ
• labials: f, u, b, m
• dentals: r, s, R
The letters of the alphabet are inserted in the five columns, which in this order also represent the
representative letters of the Indo-European sky-god Þ-I-Æ-U-S or T-I-Æ-U-S .
The diacritic on the letter é in *dyéus is also found in the Provencal words DIÉU and the personal
pronoun IÉU for the first person singular singular (“I”).
The straightforwardly reconstruction as *DYÉUS “Sky” from the common noun *dyéus “sky” is a
simplified step, which does not explain the symbolism inside the noun *dyéus for “sky”.
Proto-Indo-European *DΕIWÓS “heavenly one, god” is similarly an adjectival derivative of
*DYÉUS “sky”. Speakers of the Uralic proto-languages receiving the loan are unlikely to have had
a pantheon in the Indo-European sense, but they may have known the 5 sources for the human
voice.
The accuracy of the methods to describe the etymology depends on the precision in categorizing the
letters of the alphabet.
3 Language and Mythology: Semantic Correlation and Disambiguation of Gods as Iconic Signs. (from: Shamanhood
and Mythology - Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy and Current - Techniques of Research)
The Categorization
On a European scale the standardization of the categorization is largely unknown. This already
starts with the definition of the 5 letter categories (“linguals, palatals, gutturals, labials, dentals”),
which may vary from language to language. No analysis enables us to define all contributions of the
phonetic sources over the vast period of time languages exist. The only written definition I found
was located in a rabbi's comments to the “Sefer Yetzirah”4.
Table 12 Central Triads of Letters inside the cartouche of the standardized alphabets
4 Based on Rabbi Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic commentary on “Sefer Yetzirah” (chapter 4, paragraph 3), wherein he
describes the phonetic sounds of the 22 characters of the Hebrew alphabet (Another View on the Sefer Yetzirah).
A list of names for the sky-gods
In this chapter the following list of names for the sky-gods is largely extracted from an article
“Semantic Correlation and Disambiguation of Gods as Iconic Signs”. 5
I will use the following standard of the Hebrew alphabet6 to derive some names for the sky-gods:
• linguals: D4, T9, L12, N14, T22
• palatals: G3, I10, Ch11, K19
• gutturals: Æ1, Ε5, H8, Gh16
• labials: B2, V6, M13, Ph17
• dentals: Z7, S15, Ts18, R20, S21
In this paper the words will be illuminated with their categorical colors. Only the names with 5
colors (such as: *DΕIWÓS, *DYÉUS, *DAIVAS, INMAR, ILMAR[I],*TĪWAZ, WŌDINAZ,
*TIERMĒS) will be considered as genuine sky-gods.
*JUMA
*JUMA is widely accepted as a loan from a Proto-Indo-Iranian form a word for “celestial, bright,
light”, reconstructed *DYUMĀN- (Koivulehto 1999: 228) or *DYUMĀ(N)T- (Parpola 2012: 161).
*JUMA is equipped with the same categories (palatal - guttural - labial) as the Great Name YHW.
*TΕŊRI
Proto-Turkic *TΕŊRI “God; sky, heaven” .
*DΕIWÓS
Proto-Indo-European *DΕIWÓS “heavenly one, god” is similarly an adjectival derivative of
*DYÉUS “sky”. Speakers of the Uralic proto-languages receiving the loan are unlikely to have had
a pantheon in the Indo-European sense.
*DAIVAS
Proto-Indo-Iranian maintained a word *DAIVAS, derivative of Proto-Indo-European *DΕIWÓS
“god”. If *juma was borrowed as a common noun for “god”, it is reasonable to question why
*dyumān-/*dyuma(n)t- was borrowed for this category rather than *daivas.
5 Language and Mythology: Semantic Correlation and Disambiguation of Gods as Iconic Signs. (from Mr Frog :
published in Shamanhood and Mythology - Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy and Current - Techniques of Research)
6 Based on Rabbi Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic commentary on “Sefer Yetzirah” (chapter 4, paragraph 3)
disambiguation of the category of agents (“god”) from the natural phenomenon (“sky”).
*JUMA is equipped with the same categories as the Great Name YHW.
INMAR
Udmurt presents a complex case. INMAR is the most common and widespread designation for the
celestial god. However, Yrjö Wichmann (1893: 5–6) observes that Udmurt exhibits three terms used
in local language forms for both the celestial god and the phenomenon of the sky or heaven: in,
inmar and KWAŹ.
Udmurt INMAR was compared to Finnic ILMAR(I) beginning from the earliest phase of research
(Wiedemann 1851: 9; Castrén 1853: 306).
*TĪWAZ
Derivatives of a Proto-Germanic theonym *TĪWAZ “God”, also from *deiwós, are found, although
evidence for the theonym in many languages is sparse and in several cases comes via etymologies
of the name for the day of the week (i.e. Tuesday and its cognates). *Tīwaz is widely considered to
have filled the role of Proto-Indo-European *Dyéus (e.g. Simek 1996: 337), although this can be
questioned on the basis of the Old Norse evidence, where the theonym TÝR “God” is a marginal
figure in the mythology.
Although the evidence is slim, it seems probable that *Tīwaz, Early Proto-Germanic / Pre-Germanic
*TEIWAZ, or perhaps some even earlier derivative of Proto-Indo-European *deiwós “god”,
replaced the theonym *Dyéus in Germanic languages.
*GUDA
In Germanic languages, the Christian God was designated with derivatives of Proto-Germanic
*GUDA “god” (etymology uncertain). Derivatives of the common noun *tīwaz “god” seem to have
been poetic or archaic words in Germanic languages where they are attested at all, making it
probable that *guda “god” was already becoming the more common term in Proto-Germanic.
*WŌDINAZ
Proto-Germanic *WŌDINAZ/*WŌDANAZ > Old Norse Óðinn “Odin”, a god associated with
rage, ecstatic states, poetry, mythic knowledge and death, became a central god in a role
corresponding to that of Proto-Indo-European *Dyéus “Sky”.
TAIVAS
Proto-Finnic *TAIVAS has generally been considered a loan from a derivative of Indo-European
*deiwós “god”. Semantically, the etymology of *taivas requires a transition from the semantic field
of “god” to “heaven” without carrying an additional meaning of “god” (e.g. LägLös III: 268). M. L.
West (2007: 167) views the Finnic loan simply as evidence that, in the Proto-Indo-Iranian source
language, *daivas had become used as a synonym of *dyéus and of the corresponding name *Dyéus
(see also vocabulary in Joki 1973: 323).
IBMEL
In North Sámi IBMEL (“god”) the divine Name of the Saami languages may be correlating with
“JUMALA” (in Southern Saami: JUPMELE):
Personal
Language Orthographic form
Pronoun “I”
Inari Saami IMMEEL Mun, munnâ
Kildin Saami ИММЕЛЬ мунн
Lule Saami JUBMEL Mån , månnå
Northern Saami IPMIL mʊn
Skolt Saami E´MMEL mon
Southern Saami JUPMELE manne
Table 13: Concept GOD in Saami-languages in the NorthEuraLex 0.9 Database
ILMAN UKKO
ILMAN UKKO “old man of the sky” (Finnic)
TIERMĒS
Observing that *TIERMĒS was the central sky-god in Northeast Proto-Sámi, the theonym suggests
that populations undergoing a language shift in this region retained at least some of the socially
central elements of their indigenous religion.
Summary
Obviously the Elder & Younger Futhark as well as the staveless runes could not be interpreted as
standard abecedaria. The runic signaries also could not be transformed to periodical tables.
Although the runic (Futhark, Futhorc and the Staveless) alphabets seemed to share the same
categorization of the abecedaria their literal order “F-U-Th-A-R-K” could not be understood.
In the course of time the core “Futhark” of the first 6 letters (Futhark, Futhorc, Futhrk) remained
remarkable stable and never really changed its pattern, which came close to the same categorization
linguals, palatals, gutturals, labials, dentals) according to the Indo-European sky-god D-I-A-U-S.
A problem arose from the first two letters, which usually are identified as labials. The initial couple
of letters “F”-”U” at the Futhark-signaries could not be explained in the structure of Flinders
Petrie's periodical tables.
The standardization of the runic alphabets however turned out to be successful. All investigated
alphabets (Ugaritic, Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Futhark, Futhorc, Futhrk) turned out to display a sacred
core of 3 vowels at the center of cartouche in the standardized alphabetic array of letters.
The method to standardize the Ugaritic, Hebrew, Greek, Latin and Futhark alphabets is simple. We
may categorize each letter and fill a table with the letters for each category according to their
standard order in the alphabet. The letters of the alphabet are inserted in the five columns, which in
this order also represent the representative letters of the Indo-European sky-god D-I-A-U-S.
Both the Younger and Elder Futhark as well as the staveless runes could be standardized, resulting
in the deities TIEUS, TIEU or TIU, TIW, respectively DIÆUS, DIÆU , or DIEUS, DIEU or DIU,
DIW.
The central triads of letters inside the cartouche of the standardized alphabets are identified as a
common pattern: palatal – guttural - labial (such as I10-Ε5-V6, Y11, Ḫ4, W7, I-E-Y, I-E-U, I-H-U, I-
G-U, I-Æ-U).
Apart from the Hebrew alphabet most of these letter combinations inside the cartouche may have
been used to form the personal pronouns (“ego”) of the first person singular. Several languages such
as Provencal and some Romansh dialects also use IEU (respectively IAU and IOU) as personal
pronouns (“ego”) of the first person singular. These patterns may be generated by standardizing the
signaries.
Most European languages derived their signaries from the investigated alphabets in this paper and
adopted the central triads of letters inside the cartouche. Several languages may have encoded the
personal pronouns (“ego”) of the first person singular in special symbols such as the Russian “JA”-
symbol.
The Futhark signaries are following the standardization rules which are also found in the Hebrew,
Greek and Latin alphabets. The Germanic linguists must have been aware of the standardization
procedure to form the cores I-H-U, I-G-U, and I-Æ-U .
The 5 columns with the categorized letters resembles Flinders Petrie's periodical table, but the rules
to fill the standardized alphabets are different. The letters “F”-”U” will not be found next to each
others. Instead the “F” is found in the first row and the ”U” in the second row. This is why the
vowels are located at the second row of the array:
• linguals: Þ, N, T, L
• palatals: C, I
• gutturals: H, Æ
• labials: F, U, B, M
• dentals: R, S, R
Both the nomenclature of the sky-gods and the personal pronouns for the first person singular seem
to be based on the five sources (lips, palatal, throath, lips and teeth) of the human voice, which are
represented by 5 letter categories (“linguals, palatals, gutturals, labials, dentals”).
Although the standard 5 letters D, Y, E, U, S or D, I, A, U, S are preferences for the names of the
sky-god also other alternatives exist, which may have been caused by abrasion. A standard abrasion
is the loss of the first letter “D”, “T” or “Θ”, “Z”, which results in names such as Ju-piter, Ju-no,
etc. instead of DJu-piter, Dju-no, ….
The theonym DYAUS represents the universe, which is symbolized by the complete alphabet. The
personal pronouns IAU, IEU, IOU for the first person singular singular (“I”) may indicate that these
words are images of the sky-god Creator DIAUS.
In this paper the words will be illuminated with their categorical colors. Only the names with 5
colors (such as: *DΕIWÓS, *DYÉUS, *DAIVAS, INMAR, ILMAR[I],*TĪWAZ, WŌDINAZ,
*TIERMĒS) will be identified and interpreted as genuine sky-gods.
Contents
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................1
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................2
Standardizing of the Signaries..............................................................................................................3
The Standardizing of the Hebrew alphabet......................................................................................3
The Standardizing of the Ugaritic alphabet.....................................................................................4
The Standardizing of the Greek alphabet........................................................................................5
The Standardizing of the Latin alphabet .........................................................................................6
The Germanic signaries...................................................................................................................7
Notes to the staveless runes - “Futhrk”.......................................................................................8
The standardization of the Elder Futhark Signary......................................................................9
The standardization of the Younger Futhark Signary...............................................................10
The standardization of the Staveless runes' Signary.................................................................11
The encryption and decryption in the alphabets.................................................................................12
The Nomenclature of the Sky-Gods...................................................................................................13
The Categorization.........................................................................................................................14
A list of names for the sky-gods....................................................................................................15
*JUMA .....................................................................................................................................15
*TΕŊRI.....................................................................................................................................15
*DΕIWÓS.................................................................................................................................15
*DAIVAS..................................................................................................................................15
JUMA and JUMO.....................................................................................................................15
INMAR.....................................................................................................................................16
*TĪWAZ....................................................................................................................................16
*GUDA.....................................................................................................................................16
*WŌDINAZ..............................................................................................................................16
TAIVAS.....................................................................................................................................16
IBMEL......................................................................................................................................17
ILMAN UKKO.........................................................................................................................17
TIERMĒS..................................................................................................................................17
Summary.............................................................................................................................................18
Appendix – Papers of J. Richter at Academia.edu and Scribd...........................................................21
Appendix – Papers of J. Richter at Academia.edu and Scribd
Periodic Tables are documented in:
1. Notes on the Common Architecture of European Alphabets (Ugaritic, Old Persian signary,
the Greek alphabet, Sanskrit)
2. A Periodic Table for PIE-Alphabets (languages: Ugaritic, Latin, Elder and Younger Futhark,
Gothic, etc.)
3. A Periodic Table for the Cyrillic Alphabet (Glagolitic, early Cyrillic and Russian alphabets)
4. A Periodic Table for the Coptic Alphabet
5. A Periodic Table for the Old-English Alphabet including “The insertion of Chilperic's letters
in the Old English alphabet”.
6. A Periodic Table for the Icelandic Alphabet (Scribd)
7. A Periodic Table for the Phoenician and Hebrew Alpabet (Scribd)
8. De hiërarchische structuur van het Hebreeuwse alfabet (Scribd)
9. The Hierarchical Structure of the Hebrew Alphabet (Scribd)
10. Periodic Tables for the Dalecarlian Runes and the Elfdalian Alphabet (Scribd)
11. A Periodic Table for the Dutch Language
12. Periodic Tables for the Sami Alphabets
13. Het hart van de Nederlandse taal
14. Eight Periodic Tables for the Sámi Languages
15. Overview of the Periodic Tables of the Sami Languages
16. Periodic Tables for the Upper and Lower Sorbian Alphabets
17. A Periodic Table for the Greek Alphabet
18. Periodic Tables for the Euboean and Etruscan Alphabets (Scribd)
19. Did the Word „Deus“ Exist in the Archaic Alphabets (Scribd)
20. Periodic Tables for the Gaelic (Irish and Scottish alphabets (Scribd)
21. A Periodic Table for Ugaritic Signaries as a Root for the Sky-god Dyaus and the Personal
Pronouns for the 1st Person Singular and Dual Form
22. De architectuur van het Oegaritische alfabet (Scribd)
23. The Quantization of the Ugaritic Alphabet (Scribd)
24. Alphabets With Integrated Dictionaries (Scribd)
25. Another View on the Sefer Yetzirah (Scribd)
26. Standardizing the Signaries - The Encryption and Decryption of alphabets... (Scribd)
The (approximately) 150 following papers are sorted according to the initial upload date7 :
• Standardizing the Signaries - The Encryption and Decryption of alphabets (Scribd)
• Another View on the Sefer Yetzirah (Scribd)
• Alphabets With Integrated Dictionaries (Scribd)
• The Quantization of the Ugaritic Alphabet (Scribd)
• De architectuur van het Oegaritische alfabet (Scribd)
• A Periodic Table for Ugaritic Signaries as a Root for the Sky-god Dyaus and the Personal
Pronouns for the 1st Person Singular and Dual Form
• Periodic Tables for the Gaelic (Irish and Scottish alphabets (Scribd)
• Did the Word „Deus“ Exist in the Archaic Alphabets (Scribd)
• Periodic Tables for the Euboean and Etruscan Alphabets (Scribd)
• A Periodic Table for the Greek Alphabet
• Periodic Tables for the Upper and Lower Sorbian Alphabets
• Overview of the Periodic Tables of the Sami Languages
• Eight Periodic Tables for the Sámi Languages