 Mutiny- REBELLION AGAINST THE PROPER
AUTHORITIES, ESPECIALLY BY SOLDIERS
AGAINST THEIR OFFICERS
Carlos de la Torre
 The governor general before
Rafael Izquierdo
 Because of his style of ruling, he was
accused by his fellow Spaniards for
letting the Filipino rebel.
Rafael Izquierdo
 Spanish Governor- General
 Conservatism was added in his style
of ruling.
 All the projects and reforms of de la Torre
was removed by Rafael.
 He introduced new reforms including a
tax of Filipinos serving in the Army,
requiring them to pay a tax for their
service and force them into labor.
Principal organizers of Cavite itself
 Sgt. Fernando La Madrid
-Mestizo sergeant
-Killed in the suppression in the revolt.
 Cavite mutiny was on January 20, 1872
 In January of 1872, when the soldiers
received their pay with the new tax
taken out, all hell broke out as they
were furious with the new change.
 At Fort San Felipe (Spanish Arsenal in
Cavite), the soldiers began their
uprising.
 200 Philippine soldiers proceeded to
take the entire fort, killing 11 Spanish
soldiers in the process.
 Octavo’s confession
- Octavo testified that the rebellion was
scheduled to begin on January 20.
-However, Octavo testified that he did not
know any signal agreed upon for the start
of the rebellion.
 The Philippine soldiers were under the
belief that they would have support
from
Manila to start an all-out uprising against
the Spanish.
 Once word of the uprising in Cavite
reached the Spanish in Manila, the
Spanish army quickly sent an entire
regiment to Cavite led by General Felipe
Ginovès. The Spanish laid siege to the
captured fort until all of the mutineers
surrendered.
 Once the fort was back under
Spanish control, Ginovès all
mutineers to be executed.
 Mutineers were imprisoned. The
prisoners were later exiled to the
Philippine island of Mindanao.
GOMBURZA
 Executed on February 17,
1872 In Bagumbayan Field in Manila
during Cavite mutiny in the 19th
century.
 Garrote was a barbaric Spanish
method of execution in which an
iron collar was tightened around
the prisoner’s neck until death
occurred.)
 The fathers Gomez, Burgos and
Zamora were very active when it
came to pushing for changes in
the way the church was run in
colonial Philippines. At that time,
the church was still heavily led by
Spanish friars and religious orders
despite the declaration of
secularization of 1774. The priests
were also aware of the unfair
treatment of Spain toward ordinary
Filipinos and did not hesitate to
voice out their concerns through
demonstrations and publications.
 The three martyr priests were
members of the Committee of
Reformers that campaigned for
changes in the way the country
was run. Because of their
consistent clash with Spain’s
ideals, they were considered
filibusteros or agitators. However,
they were popular figures
 and priests to boot, it was not
so easy for Spain to just put
them in front of a firing squad.
Mariano Gomez (1799-1872)
 Born in Sta. Cruz, Manila on August 2,1799
 Parents: Francisco Gomez
and Martina Custodio.
 Aged 25, designated as the head priest
of Bacoor, Cavite.
 Fr. Gomez was responsible for
publishing the newspaper La
Verdad, meaning The Truth. Served as
the voice of the Filipino propagandists
against the Spanish colonizers.
 First to be executed on February 17, 1872.
Jacinto Zamora (1835-1872)
 Born on August 14, 1835
 Born in Pandacan, Manila
 Parents: Venancio Zamora and Hilaria
del Rosario
 He was a Filipino secular priest.
 Led a campaign against the abusive
Spanish friars and fought for equal rights
among priests.
 The Filipino priests loved and admired
Father Zamora. But the Spanish friars
detested him. They hatched a plan to
get even with him
 They accused him of collaborating with
the rebels who led an uprising in Cavite.
Jose Apolinario Burgos (1837-1872)
 Born on February 9, 1837 in Vigan,
Ilocos Sur
 His father was Jose Burgos, a Spanish
lieutenant in the Spanish militia of the
Ilocos, and his mother was Florencia
Garcia, a native of Vigan.
 Last victim that morning wherein his
death was the most dramatic.
 Continued the struggles started by
his professor (Fr. Pedro Pelaez-died
in an earthquake that destroyed the
Manila Cathedral in 1863.)
 Exerted all efforts to defend the
Filipino clergy from all attacks by the
Spanish
regulars.
 Asserted that the Filipino priest
were qualified to administer the
parishes.
 Appealed to the Spanish Queen
(Queen Isabella II) to give the Filipino
priest the chance to prove that they
could equal the Spanish regulars.
Purpose of the Cavite Revolt
The purpose was to put to death all Spaniards
and to proclaim a provisional government under
Father Burgos, to prepare the way for a more
permanent government.
The Spanish Perspective of the Cavite mutiny
 Causes were enumerated by them
including the Spanish Revolution which
overthrew the secular throne, dirty
propagandas proliferated by unrestrained
press, democratic, liberal and republican
books and pamphlets reaching the
Philippines, and most importantly, the
presence of the native clergy who out of
animosity against the Spanish friars,
“conspired and supported” the rebels and
enemies of Spain.
Anonymous letter sent to Izquerdo
“I make known to you that, as I was informed this
very night, in the market here (Cavite) and in the
walls (Intramuros) on Friday or Saturday of this
week they will fire a cannon shot in the fort of
Manila, the sign of a revolt against the Spaniards.
They are taking this occasion since the squadron
is not here. The one who is acting as head of the
revolt is the Very Reverend Father Burgos in
Manila, and in Cavite the artillery sergeants and
the corporate of the native marines. “
 Izquierdo had no need of such a story to
put him on the alert, for on Jan. 19 he
had already received an anonymous
letter, as had the acting commander of
the navy, telling of a revolt planned for
that night or the next, simultaneously in
Manila and Cavite, and he was still on
alert.
  The Izquierdo deemed that the event of
1872 was planned earlier and was
thought of it as a big conspiracy among
educated leaders, mestizos, Abogadillos
or native lawyers, residents of Manila
and Cavite and the native clergy. They
insinuated that the conspirators of Manila
and Cavite planned to liquidate high-
ranking Spanish officers to be followed
by the massacre of the friars.
 When the news reached the iron-fisted
Gov.
Izquierdo, he readily ordered the
reinforcement of the Spanish forces in
Cavite to quell the revolt. The
“revolution” was easily crushed when the
expected reinforcement from Manila did
not come ashore.
Jose Montero y Vidal
 Born on January 28, 1851
 Went to Madrid, to study jurisprudence
 Worked in the Ministry of Development
and Overseas.
 Developed an essay and literary work
focused on the history, geography and
ethnography of the Philippines, an area
in which he stood out as one of the
greatest specialists of the last third of
the 19th century.
 Is a prolific Spanish historian
documented the event and highlighted
it as an attempt of the Indios to
overthrow the Spanish government in
the Philippines.
 Permanent War Council immediately
conducted investigation.
 Spanish hit Zamora because of his
relation with Burgos, and had conflict
once with the friars at Church.
 Longest and closest in time to the events
of the mutiny.
 His version was considered as the
“official version”
 Cavite was part of a larger
revolution planned by Burgos,
Gomez and Vidal
 “Some individuals of the navy”
 Two officers: Morquecho and Jose
Montesinas –  commanded the
revolting artillerymen
 Izquierdo blamed the unruly Spanish
Press for “stockpiling” malicious
propagandas grasped by the Filipinos.
 He reported to the King of Spain that
the “rebels” wanted to overthrow the
Spanish government to install a new
“hari” in the likes of Fathers Burgos
and Zamora.
Trinidad Pardo de Tavera
 Born on April 13, 1857 and Died on
March 26, 1925
 Filipino scholar and researcher
 In his point of view, the incident was a
mere mutiny by the native Filipino
soldiers and laborers of the Cavite
arsenal who turned out to be dissatisfied
with the abolition of their privileges.
 Indirectly, Tavera blamed Gov. Izquierdo’s
cold-blooded policies such as the
abolition of privileges of the workers and
native army members of the arsenal and
the prohibition of the founding of school
of arts and trades for the Filipinos, which
the general believed as a cover-up for the
organization of a political club.
 Tavera believed that the Spanish friars
and Izquierdo used the Cavite Mutiny as
a powerful lever by magnifying it as a
full- blown conspiracy involving not only
the native army but also included
residents of Cavite and Manila, and
more importantly the native clergy to
overthrow the Spanish government in
the Philippines.
 Tavera sadly confirmed that the Madrid
government came to believe that the
scheme was true without any attempt to
investigate the real facts or extent of the
alleged “revolution” reported by
Izquierdo and the friars.
 Convicted educated men who
participated in the mutiny were
sentenced life imprisonment while
members of the native clergy headed by
the GOMBURZA were tried and
executed by garrote.
 A Response to Injustice: The Filipino
Version of the Incident by Trinidad Pardo
de Tavera  According to someone else the flag was
white (upper stripe ) and red ( lower stripe).
 In his point of view, the incident was a
mere mutiny by the native Filipino  The white and red flag probably was not
soldiers and laborers of the Cavite a rebel flag, was simply the flag of the
arsenal who turned out to be dissatisfied Marictime Province of the Philippines
with the abolition of their privileges. who flown on the Spanish Arsenal de
Cavite.
 Indirectly, Tavera blamed Gov. Izquierdo’s
cold-blooded policies such as the
abolition of privileges of the workers and
native army members of the arsenal and
the prohibition of the founding of school
of arts and trades for the Filipinos, which
the general believed as a cover-up for the
organization of a political club.
 Tavera believed that the Spanish friars
and Izquierdo used the Cavite Mutiny as
a powerful lever by magnifying it as a
full- blown conspiracy involving not only
the native army but also included
residents of Cavite and Manila, and
more importantly the native clergy to
overthrow the Spanish government in
the Philippines.
 It is noteworthy that during the time,
the Central Government in Madrid
announced its intention to deprive the
friars of all the powers of intervention
in matters of civil government and the
direction and management of
educational
institutions. This turnout of events was
believed by Tavera, prompted the friars to
do something drastic in their dire desire to
maintain power in the Philippines.
 Tavera sadly confirmed that the
Madrid government came to believe
that the scheme was true without any
attempt to investigate the real facts or
extent of the alleged “revolution”
reported by Izquierdo and the friars.
 Convicted educated men who
participated in the mutiny were
sentenced life imprisonment while
members of the native clergy headed by
the GOMBURZA were tried and
executed by garrote.

 According to some oral accounts the flag

of the rebels was red with a square field.