ADOBE SYSTEMS INDIA PVT LTD

POST- TENSIONED BEAM DESIGN REPORT

FOR
PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION OF CAMPUS FOR ADOBE SYSTEMS INDIA PVT LTD

HIG-20 Shivaji Nagar, Bhopal-462016(M.P.)

Tel: 0755-4058484, Fax: 0755-4058485
E-mail: vsilbhopal@gmail.com

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CONTENTS

1) GENERAL PROJECT DETAILS.

2) POST TENSIONED SLAB INTRODUCTION.
3) LIST OF REFERENCES
4) MATERIAL, WORKMANSHIP, INSPECTION AND TESTING
4.1 Concrete
4.2 Durability of concrete
4.3 VSIL PT material.
4.4 Reinforcement.
4.5 Construction joint.
5) GENERAL PT SLAB & BEAM DESIGN CONSIDERATION
5.1 Method of Design
5.2 Loads and Forces
6) POST –TENSIONED SLAB, BEAM ANALYSIS &DESIGN
7) ADAPT-PT Result sheet for Design strip
7.1 Input Data
7.2 Output Data
7.3 Graphical Result Data
8) PT Drawings.

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1. GENERAL PROJECT DETAILS

Post-Tensioned Slab introduction:

The structure is PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION OF CAMPUS FOR ADOBE SYSTEMS INDIA PVT LTD.

The document attempts to record all inputs assumed in design and will form the basis for all future detailed
structural work.
The report most importantly clarifies the load criteria assumed in the design and it is therefore expected that
all related consultants, including the architects, would go through the document and refer to it at every stage of
detailed design. Recommendations or revisions on assumed parameters are requested at this stage.
Besides this the report will also form the outline of the design criteria and methods of both analysis and
design to be adopted in this project with the aim of achieving a design that satisfies all sorts of seismic, and
serviceability requirements.(At preliminary stage pt slab design for DL+LL only).

1.1 Objective

One of the major advancements in bridge construction in the United States in the second half of the twentieth
century was the development and use of prestressed concrete. Prestressed concrete bridges, offer a broad range
of engineering solutions and a variety of aesthetic opportunities. The objective of this Manual is to provide
guidance to individuals involved in the installation or inspection of post-tensioning work for post tensioned
concrete bridges including post-tensioning systems, materials, installation and grouting of tendons.

1.1.1 Benefits of Post-Tensioning

The tensile strength of concrete is only about 10% of its compressive strength. As a result, plain concrete
members are likely to crack when loaded. In order to resist tensile stresses which plain concrete cannot resist, it
can be reinforced with steel reinforcing bars. Reinforcing is selected assuming that the tensile zone of the
concrete carries no load and that tensile stresses are resisted only by tensile forces in the reinforcing bars. The
resulting reinforced concrete member may crack, but it can effectively carry the design loads (Figure 1.1).

Figure 1.1 - Reinforced concrete beam under load

Although cracks occur in reinforced concrete, the cracks are normally very small and uniformly distributed.
However, cracks in reinforced concrete can reduce long-term durability. Introducing a means of precompressing
the tensile zones of concrete members to offset anticipated tensile stresses reduces or eliminates cracking to
produce more durable concrete bridges.

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1.1.2 Principle of Prestressing

The function of Prestressing is to place the concrete structure under compression in those regions where load
causes tensile stress. Tension caused by the load will first have to cancel the compression induced by the
prestressing before it can crack the concrete. Figure 1.2 (a) shows a plainly reinforced concrete simple-span
beam and fixed cantilever beam cracked under applied load. Figure 1.2(b) shows the same unloaded beams with
prestressing forces applied by stressing high strength tendons. By placing the prestressing low in the simple-span
beam and high in the cantilever beam, compression is induced in the tension zones; creating upward camber.

Figure 1.2(c) shows the two prestressed beams after loads have been applied. The loads cause both the simple-
span beam and cantilever beam to deflect down, creating tensile stresses in the bottom of the simple-span beam
and top of the cantilever beam. The Bridge Designer balances the effects of load and prestressing in such a way
that tension from the loading is compensated by compression induced by the prestressing. Tension is eliminated
under the combination of the two and tension cracks are prevented. Also, construction materials (concrete and
steel) are used more efficiently; optimizing materials, construction effort and cost.

Figure 1.2 - Comparison of Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Beams

Prestressing can be applied to concrete members in two ways, by pretensioning or post-tensioning. In pretension
members the prestressing strands are tensioned against restraining bulkheads before the concrete is cast. After
the concrete has been placed, allowed to harden and attain sufficient strength, the strands are released and their
force is transferred to the concrete member. Prestressing by post-tensioning involves installing and stressing
prestressing strand or bar tendons only after the concrete has been placed, hardened and attained a minimum
compressive strength for that transfer.

2) The Advantages of Post-Tensioned Slab can be summarized as follows

• Early Post-Tensioning allows the formwork to be stripped and re-deployed quickly.

• Significant saving on material, up to 30% on concrete alone with longer spans, fewer columns &

thinner slabs producing lighter overall structure and reducing foundation cost.

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• Joint free ground slabs up to 10000 m² and true & level floor – ideal for automated ware housing and

super markets.

• Water proof floors to eliminate unsightly staining of concrete fascias.

• Thinner slabs give more head room.

• flexibility- Internal layout flexibility is greatly increased, making it much easier to place or reposition

partitions

• Spans up to 50% longer than those using RCC can be constructed with fewer support columns.

• Offers resistance to cracking and water seepage due to limited deflection and highly compressive

characteristics of pre stressed concrete structure.

3) List of References:

IS 456-2000 Plain and reinforced concrete-code of practice

IS 1343-1980 Indian Standard Code of Practice for Pre-stressed Concrete
ACI 318 Plain and reinforced concrete-code of practice American standard

4) Material, Workmanship, Inspection and Testing:

The proposed PT structure will consists of concrete, P.T Strands and steel reinforcement as the three main
materials used for construction of the structure. The specifications for these materials are discussed in this
chapter.

4.1 Concrete:

The concrete shall be in grades designated as per Table 2 IS 456-2000.

Recommended grades for the different members is as follows:

Columns M28
Beams/Slabs M35
2
In this case consider Characteristic concrete cube strength at 28 days = 35 N/mm
2
Cube strength at transfer of prestress, days (7) = 28 N/mm
Retaining Walls M30.

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4.2 Durability of concrete

The structure is located in NOIDA, where the climatic conditions are considered as moderate. Concrete grade
of submerged structural elements will be a minimum of M35. Nominal covers shall not be less than 20mm from a
durability point of view.

The cover to the various structural elements is to be as follows,

Exposure : Moderate

Structural Element Clear Cover in mm

Slabs 20
Beams 40

4.3 VSIL Post-tensioning System.

VSIL multi-strand post tensioning system comprising a variable number of strands encased in ribbed
semi-rigid circular galvanized steel ducts of variable diameters

PT Strand

The P.T strands will be 12.7mm HTS low relaxation of ultimate stress capacity 1850N/mm2.

H.T. Strand Specification:

Nominal Diameter

Nominal Area 99 mm²

Nominal Weight 0.778 kg/m

Min Ultimate Strength 1860 N/sq mm

Modulus of Elasticity 195 KN/sq mm

Min Breaking load per Strand 186KN

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Relaxation, low 2.5% at 0.70 UTS

Identification Metal Tag for each coil

Certificates Mill Certificate for each

Product Type Un-oiled

Strand quality in Accordance with IS 14268

Friction parameters (μ) 0.25/m
(k) 0.0046/rad/m
Anchorage set

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4.4 Reinforcement:

2
The reinforcement shall be high strength deformed steel bars with yield strength of 415N/mm confirming to
IS 1786 – 2008.

4.5 Construction Joint

Construction, and shrinkage strips will be planned with the contractor and only be used at locations pre-
approved by consultants.

5) General Assumptions for PT slab and Beam design

1) Strength design of prestressed member for flexure and axial loads shall be based on assumptions given in
clause 18.3 (Chapter 18) ACI-318
2) Design moment strength of flexural members shall be computed by the strength design method of the code
ACI-318
3) Prestressed flexural members shall be classified as class U, Class T or Class C based on extreme fiber stress
(Ft) in tension in precompressed tensile zone calculated at service loads.
4) Serviceability Design Requirements are as per Clause 18.3 - ACI 318
5) Deflection of prestressed flexural members shall be calculated in accordance with Clause 18.3.5-ACI 318
6) Permissible tensile stresses in flexural member are as per Class-C (Table 18.3.3-ACI-318).
7) Permissible stresses in prestressing steel shall not exceed the following
a) Due to prestressing steel jacking force---0.94 Fpy (specified yield strength of prestressing steel in psi) but not
greater than the lesser of 0.80(Fpu specified tensile strength of prestressing steel)and the maximum value
recommended by the manufacturer of prestressing steel or anchorage devices.
B) Immediate after prestress transfer -----0.82Fpy but not greater than 0.74 Fpu (specified tensile strength of
prestressing steel)
8) Minimum Bonded reinforcement shall be provided in all prestressed flexural members is as per clause 18.9-
ACI 318

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9) Minimum average effective prestress of 125 psi on the slab section tributary to the tendon or tendon group.
10) Required elongation shall be determined from average load-elongation curves for the prestressing steel used.
Generally 8% tolerance in prestressing steel force determined by gauge pressure and elongation measurements
for posttension construction.

5.1 Permissible Fiber Stresses – Class 3 – 0.2 mm crack width

Transfer Service
Compression at support -10.0 N/mm² - 14 N/mm²
At mid span - 12.5 N/mm² - 11.6 N/mm²

Tension 1.5 N/mm² 3.0 N/mm²

(Tensile force taken as positive)

5.2 Loads and Forces

In structural design, account is taken of the dead and imposed loads.

5.2 A Dead Loads

The dead loads are calculated on the basis of unit weights of materials given in IS 875 (Part 1). The data
provided by consultant and other service consultants will be used for the specific materials/equipments.
Unless otherwise specified the unit weight of materials will be used as follows.

Reinforced Concrete 25 kN/cum

Plain concrete 24 kN/cum
Brickwork 20 kN/cum
Concrete block work 24 kN/cum
Siporex Blocks 10 kN/cum
Stone cladding 25 kN/cum
Soil dry 16 kN/cum
Floor finishes 20 kN/cum

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5.1b Imposed Loads:

Imposed loads are assumed in accordance with IS 875 part 2, as follows.

The table listed below is a summary of these loads.

SR.NO FLOOR LOAD-KN/M²

1 ALL FLOOR
LIVE LOAD 4.0
DEAD LOAD 3.0

Analysis:

For analysis purpose, the program converts each object into one or more elements.

A static analysis is carried out for the whole structure.

On analysis with any RCC software, we will be getting the moment contour in kNm/m for slab, kN.m for
beams, whereas in ADAPT-PT, the moment will be generated in kNm.

As per the moments contour, the bending moments in the slab/beam for a corresponding strip/beam is
taken and the same moment is generated in ADAPT-PT.

Comparing ADAPT_PT and R C C, Ultimate Design Moments.

Post tensioning Analysis & Design

Slabs and beams with associated columns are modeled as a two-dimensional plans
frame. Along the slabs or beam, nodes are placed at column centerlines, column faces, and at any
changes of geometry. Supports are provided at the ends of columns.

Gross sections are used for the computation of I values.

Tendon Modeling

The tendon profiles in any span are described as parabolic.

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The loss factor immediate or deferred to the computed force profile.The loss factor is calculated as follows:

• For each span, the level of prestress at mid-span is computed, along with the associated concrete
stress.
• The corresponding elastic shortening is used to compute the loss in stress in the pre stressing steel,
using a factor of .5 to allow for sequential stressing of the strands. The immediate loss factor is
obtained by averaging over all spans.
• Shrinkage loss is obtained by applying the % loss (based on the average tendon stress at transfer to
the mid – span stress in each span. Stress loss due to creep is calculated from the creep strain at
mid-span. The deferred loss factor is obtained by averaging over all spans and adding the relaxation
loss.

Design strips:

Computation modules develop the design moments and forces for each strip by factoring the computed
bending moments using the moments factor specified during input, and then adding the effects of pre-
stress using results from the application pre-stress load case.

For cantilevers, the adjacent column factor applies to the entire cantilever span in addition to the column
region.

How to Read and Compare Analysis Result

1 RCC Software moment contour:
2 Maximum Positive and Negative Moment for Dominant Load cases.
3 Bending moment contour about Y-axis
4 Bending moment contour about X-axis.

6) Post tensioned slab analysis and design:

PT slab designed for (DL+ LL) only. RCC Consultant provides reinforcement for earthquake.

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