CONTENTS

 Introduction
 Objectives
 Literature Survey
 Proposed system
 Principles
 Applications
 Conclusion
 References
 Introduction

 Classification of road surface is necessary in different weather conditions

in order to avoid hazards such as loss of control on slippery roads …etc

 Proposing system is used to recognize the road surface conditions in both

complex environment (slippery ,liquid dirt etc…) and weather conditions
(rain ,spray ,fog ,snow etc…) and alerts the driver.

 In proposed system ,we use 77GHz Automotive Radar .

 Objectives

 To study 77GHz Automotive Radar ,Signal backscattering and

polarimetric Radar theory .
 Block level implementation of Measuring system.
 To implement backscattering and analyse the signals to extract features .
 To analyse three stage process of surface classification .
 Generating MATLAB code and simulating results.
 Literature Survey

 In 2011,Rasshofer proposed a system to recognize road surface by using

optical sensors ,it has restricted usability at night and low sun inclination .

 In 2001,Vlacic proposed a system which uses LIDAR and optical

technologies for road surface recognition, limitation associated with this
system is loss of performance under adverse weather conditions .
 Proposed System

 Automotive radars form a backbone of self driving cars and ADASs .

 It is used to assist driver in Adaptive Cruise Control ,traffic alert ,lane change assist,
parking aid ,obstacle and pedestrian detection ,…

 We use 77GHz Automotive radar . Its features are :

• 76-81GHz(wider bandwidth)

• Small antenna size

• Power required is less

 Surface Classification

 It is a three stage process. It includes:

• Segmentation
• Feature extraction
• classification
 Segmentation is a process in which entire surface is divided segments of certain width .
 Features are extracted for each segment.
 Classification involves identifying the surface .
 Principles for feature extraction

 Signal backscattering is used to find the features to classify surface .

 Signal Backscattering is used to find :

• Texture of the surface
• Roughness of surface
• Angle of incidence of the wave
• Reflection coefficient
• Range of target
• Di electric constants of surface
• Radar signal wavelength
 Conti…

 Polarimetric Radar is used to find the following features :

 Correlation Coefficient (precipitation type ,snow , rain…)
 Linear Depolarization Ratio ( region of precipitation)
Tools

 Software tools:
MATLAB R2008a
Applications

 Road surface recognition

 Adaptive speed control
 Blind spot monitoring
 Collison avoidance systems
Conclusion

This system is used to detect the road surface and warn the
driver ,there by reduces the hazards .
 References

[1] Aleksandr Bystrov, Edward Hoare, Thuy-Yung Tran,Nigel Clarke, Marina Gashinova and Mikhail
Cherniakov “Automotive System for Remote Surface Classification” MDPI Sensors article, vol.17,
no.745, pp: 1-18.
[2] Ville Viikari, Timo Varpula and Mikko Kantanen, “Automotive Radar Technology for Detecting Road
Conditions. Backscattering Properties of Dry, Wet, and Icy Asphalt”VTT 5th European Radar
Conference (EuRAD 2008), Amsterdam, Netherlands, 30 - 31 Oct. 2008 , pp. 276-279 .
[3] Mohit Jain, Ajeet Pal Singh, Soshant Bali, Sanjit Kaul “ Speed-Breaker Early Warning System” IIITD,
pp: 1-6.
[4] Kamal Sarabandi, “Modeling and Measurements of Scattering from Road Surfaces at Millimeter-Wave
Frequencies” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 45, No. 11, November 1997 .
[5] Mila Nikolova,Alfred Hero III, “Segmentation of road from a vehicle mounted Radar and accuracy of
estimation”,IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium ,2000,pp:284-289 .