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Assignment Task CL03-A1

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Assignment Task CL03-A1

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan was created on the foundations of the “Two-Nation”

Theory. Essentially, the underlying principle of the theory is that by definition Hindus and

Muslims are two distinct nations. The logic of that definition is that Hindus and Muslims have

different traditions, customs, morals, customs, and social norms and therefore Muslims should be

given a chance to have their homeland that is separate from that of the Hindus and where the

dominant religion is Islam. The All India Muslim League supported the adoption of the “Two-

Nation” theory which led the formation of the Pakistan Movement that was based on the idea

that India should be partitioned to form the Islamic Republic of Pakistan in the east and

northwestern India (Kadir and Jawad, 2020).

The concept of religious difference is the basis of the formation of a separate nation for

Muslims in India was supported by Muhammad Ali Jinnah. According to him the creation of the

Islamic Republic of Pakistan as a result of the awakening of Muslims. There were two main

schools of thought based on differences in how the “Two-Nation” was interpreted and the

feasibility of the coexistence of two proposed nations in the same territory. According to one

school of thought, it was impossible to prevent the areas of colonial India that had a Muslim

majority from seceding due to the irreconcilable differences between the Hindus and Muslims. A

key assumption here was that democracy in the new republic would be assured with equal

treatment of Hindus and Muslims. According to another key school of thought was that the new

nation could only be formed when the transfer of populations which was to involve removing all

the Hindus from areas that had a Muslim majority and removing all Muslims from areas with a
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Hindu majority (Michael, 2020). A key conclusion here was that Muslims and Hindus couldn't

coexist in the same environment.

In my opinion, in consideration of the current situation in India, it was not right that the

“Two-Nation” theory was presented at that time. Even though the theory resulted in the creation

of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the empowerment of Muslims in the region it had several

negative impacts (Hassan, 2020). The creation of Pakistan and the segregation of Hindus and

Muslims resulted in great tensions between India and Pakistan and several armed conflicts took

place between the two nations afterward. Such violent conflicts broke put in 1947, 1965, 1971,

and 1999. The disputed Kashmir region, border, water, and territory were the causes of the

armed conflicts between Pakistan and India.

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References

Hassan, M. (2020). The Two Nation Theory and the Creation of Pakistan. Asian Journal of

Social Sciences and Management Studies, 7(2), 80-88.

Michael, A. (2018). Realist‐Constructivism and the India–Pakistan Conflict: A New Theoretical

Approach for an Old Rivalry. Asian Politics & Policy, 10(1), 100-114.

Kadir, J., & Jawad, M. (2020). Politics and the family: Rethinking the India–Pakistan two-

nations theory through the familial construction of political ideas. India Review, 19(3),

223-253.