SOCIETY AND CULTURE

INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY
CHAPTER 1

SOCIOLOGY AS A HUMANISTIC AND SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE

MOTIVATIONAL SPRINGBOARDS: GROUP DYNAMICS

ACTIVITY 1: “IN THE BEGINNING”
BEFORE FORMALLY entering INTO THE WORLD OF SOCIOLOGY, YOU AND YOUR CLASSMATES
ARE TO CARRY OUT TWO ACTIVITIES THAT ARE INTENDED AND HOPE TO ENABLE YOU TO:

1. REALIZE THE SOCIAL FORCES THAT SHAPE YOUR CHOICES AND BEHAVIOR.
2. UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF FAILING TO COMPREHEND THESE SOCIAL FORCES.
3. APPRECIATE THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF SOCIOLOGY IN UNDERSTANDING BOTH THE SELF AND
THE GROUP LIFE .
MATERIALS; MANILA PAPER, PENTEL PEN, MASKING TAPE, ACTIVITY SHEETS CONTAINING THE
SPRINGBOARD QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION.

PROCEDURES :
1. TEACHER DIVIDES THE CLASS INTO SMALL SHARING GROUPS.
2. THE GROUP MEMBERS CHOOSE FROM AMONG THEMSELVES THEIR LEADER, RAPPORTEUR
AND SECRETARY.
3. THE TEACHER DISTRIBUTES THE SPRINGBOARD QUESTIONS TO THE GROUPS.
 S0CIETY AND CULTURE WITH FAMILY PLANNING
CHAPTER 1 ACTIVITY (CONT.)
4. EACH GROUP MEMBER SHARES HIS/HER RESPONSES TO THE SPRINGBOARD QUESTIONS.
5. THE LEADER OF EACH GROUP GUIDES THE FLOW OF DISCUSSION AS THE SECRETARY JOTS DOWN IMPORTANT
RESPONSES.
6.. AFTER EVERYBODY HAS FINISHED SHARING, THE RAPPORTEUR PRESENTS THE COLLATED ANSWER OF THE
GROUP TO THE CLASS.
7. THE TEACHER SUMMARIZES THE RESPONSES OF THE DIFFERENT GROUPS FROM WHICH HE/SHE DRAWS TRENDS
IN ORDER TO COME UP WITH APPROPRIATE CONCLUSION{S}
8. PROCESSING/INTEGRATION FOLLOWS.

2. Springboard

1. WHAT ARE THE SOCIAL FORCES THAT SHAPE YOUR CHOICES AND BEHAVIOR
2. WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF FAILING TO UNDERSTAND THESE SOCIAL FORCES?
SOCIETY AND CULTURE WITH FAMILY PLANNING
Springboard questions:

What have you discovered about social forces and your choices and decisions?
Do you understand the dynamics of social conditions and how they affect our
social lives? Explain your answer.
Can you identify your behavior, which is a product of interacting social forces?
Do you feel better now that you have identified the social forces that influence
your behavior?
Has your discovery lessened or heightened your feelings of helplessness about the
prevailing strong social forces?
SOCIETY AND CULTURE WITH FAMILY PLANNING

QUESTIONS TO ANSWER:
1. THE MOMENT YOU WAKE UP IN THE MORNING, ENUMERATE THE CHOICES,, DECISIONS AND ACTIONS YOU
HAVE WHICH ARE INFLUENCED BY PEOPLE AND EVENTS AROUND YOU AS WELL AS THE ROLES AND DUTIES AND
DEMANDS PRESSED ON YOU BY SOCIAL CONDITIONS.
2. HOW DO YOU FEEL ABOUT BEING PRESSED BY THESE CONDITIONS? DO YOU FEEL HAPPY IN CARRYING OUT
THE DEMANDS OR DO YOU FEEL IRRITATED OR FRUSTRATED BECAUSE YOU CAN HARDLY COPE WITH THEM?
3. HOW DO THESE SOCIAL FORCES JIBE WITH YOUR OWN CHOICES AND DECISIONS
SOCIETY
i AND CULTURE WITH FAMILY PLANNING
IMPORTANCE OF SOCIOLOGY
1. THE FACTUAL INFORMATION OBTAINED THROUGH RIGOROUS RESEARCH ENABLES US TO BETTER UNDERSTAND OUR
SOCIETY AND OTHER SOCIETIES.
2. IT ENABLES US TO LEARN THE APPLICATION OF SCIENTIFIC METHODS AND TECHNIQUES TO OUR DAILY LIFE
PROBLEMS.
3. IT ENABLES US TO SEE YOUR CONNECTION BETWEEN OUR OWN PERSONAL EXPERIENCES AND THE SOCIAL FORCES
IN THE BIGGER SOCIAL WORLD DAILY WHICH INFLUENCE LIFE. IT HELPS LESSEN OUR FEELINGS OF TRAPNESS,
FRUSTRATIONS, AND HELPLESSNESS AGAINST THE SOCIAL FORCES WHICH INFLUENCE OUR LIFE.
4. IT FURNISHES INTERESTED PEOPLE AND SPECIALIZED SCIENCES WITH PRINCIPLES AND SCIENTIFIC DATA WHICH THEY
CAN USE IN THEIR WORK.
5. IT UNDERTAKES SCIENTIFIC SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCHES AND INQUIRY ON IMMEDIATE AND CONTEMPORARY
SOCIAL PROBLEMS.
6. IT HAS MADE GREAT STRIDES IN THE STUDY OF CRIMINOLOGY, ETHNIC RELATIONS, SOCIAL PROCESSES, THE FAMILY,
POPULATION AND COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR.
SOCIETY AND CULTURE)
characteristics of culture:

1. Culture is learned – Education, training, and experience.

2. Culture is socially transmitted through language
3. Culture is a social product
4. Culture is a social gratification.
5. Culture is adaptive.
6. Culture is the distinctive way of life of a group of people.
7. Culture is material and non-material , examples materials: buildings & machines,
Non-materials are knowledge a d skills
8. Culture has sanctions and controls, could be formal or informal. There are rewards
and punishments for deviations and violations of culture.
9. Culture is stable yet dynamic – It preserved and accumulated highly stable and
:
continuous and is also changing. It grows and accumulates with the passing of time..
10.aCulture is an established pattern of behavior. Members of a certain society act in a
fairly uniform manner because they share mutual beliefs, customs, and ways of doing
things.
Summary:

Culture is defined as a way of life of a people or society. They have their

respective Cultures that shape and influence the individual personality and the
society. Culture Consists of ideation or invented facts which includes beliefs,
ideas, habits, attitudes, skills, abilities, values, norms, arts, law, morals, customs and
traditions,
Cultures also provides the people with standards or morals of life. Thse are called
the society’s norms, folkways, mores, laws, values, beliefs, and ideas that guide
CCC u
the behavior of people and which dictates what is accepted and what’s not
accepted by the group.
 DEFINITION AND NATURE OF SOCIOLOGY
HUMAN BEHAVIOR CAN ONLY BE ADEQUATELY UNDERSTOOD BY LOOKING INTO THE RELATIONSHIP OF MAN WITH OTHER
MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY. MAN IS NOT JUST A BIOLOGICAL AND RATIONAL BEING. HE IS ALSO A SOCIAL BEING FROM THE CRADLE TO
THE GRAVE. HE IS ALWAYS IN THE COMPANY OF OTHERS AND NEVER IN ISOLATION FROM OTHERS FROM BIRTH TO DEATH. HE
ASSOCIATES AND INTERACTS WITH OTHER SOCIAL BEINGS IN DIFFERENT SOCIAL SETTINGS IN ORDER TO SATISFY HIS VARIED NEEDS, HOW
AND WHY HE BEHAVES IN A CERTAIN WAY IS GREATLY INFLUENCED BY THE NORMS,VALUES, ETHOS, EXPECTATIONS, PRESCRIPTIONS AND
PROSCRIPTIONS OF THE SOCIAL GROUP TO WHICH HE BELONGS.
THE SCIENCE I DEALS WITH THE STUDY OF SOCIETY AND THE SOCIAL INTERACTIONS TAKING PLACE THEREIN IS TERMED
SOCIOLOGY. IT IS CONCERNED WITH THE STUDY OF HUMAN SOCIETIES AND OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN SOCIAL SETTINGS. AS A
DISCIPLINE, SOCIOLOGY UNDERTAKES A SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAN’S BEHAVIOR AS A CONSEQUENCE OF HIS BEING A MEMBER OF A
SOCIAL GROUP.

SOCIOLOGY IS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN WORD “SOCIUS” MEANING “COMPANION” OR “ASSOCIATE”, AND THE WORD
“LOGOS”, A GREEK FOR “STUDY”. THUS, SOCIOLOGY IS THE STUDY OF ASSOCIATION,GROUP, SOCIETY,AND SOCIAL INTERACTION..
SOCIOLOGY BEGINS WITH HE IDEA THAT “HUMANS ARE TO BE UNDERSTOOD IN THE CONTEXT OF THEIR SOCIAL LIFE,THAT WE ARE SOCIAL
ANIMAL INFLUENCED BY SOCIAL INTERACTION,’ SOCIAL PATTERNS,AND SOCIALIZATIONS.” IT FOCUSES ON SOCIETY, SOCIAL
GORGANIZATIONS, SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS, SOCIAL INTERACTIONS, AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS.
1 ESSENTIALS CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIOLOGY
ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIOLOGY

Sociology is neutral. It seeks knowledge for the sake of knowledge. It

describe society “as it is,” not what “it ought to be”. A sociologist is a
social scientist who reports his findings as they are. He is ethically neutral
and maintains a value-free position. His conclusions are not influenced
by his personal values, beliefs and prejudices nor they are affected by
his political, family or social affiliations.
Sociology is concerned with the study of human social life. This include
the study of human interactions and social relationships, social
processes,group life, factors that affect group living, social problems,
social phenomena, social stratification and development of social
institutions.
Sociology is a science. It utilizes scientific methods and techniques to
develop a body of organized and verifiable knowledge about human
societies.
 IMP0RTANCE OF SOCIOLOGY (C0NT.
7. IT PROVIDES INSIGHTS INTO THE INTERRELATIONSHIP OF HUMAN BEINGS WITHIN THE
GROUP SO THAT WE MAY LIVE IN HARMONY WITH OTHERS. SOCIOLOGY PROVIDES US WITH
THE IDEAS OF CULTURAL RELATIVISM, CULTURAL DIVERSITY, HUMAN INTERDEPENDENCE,
MUTUALLY AND RECIPROCITY, SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY WHICH COULD BRING ABOUT
HARMONY AND PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE BETWEEN AND AMONG PEOPLE.
8. THE RESULTS OF SOCIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS PROVIDE A BETTER BACKGROUND FOR
MEETING AND SOLVING SOCIAL PROBLEMS.
9. THE RESULTS OF SOCIOLOGICAL INQUIRY CAN HELP DiSPEL POPULAR MYTHS,
SUPERSTITIONS, AND STEREOTYPES WITH ACCURATE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT HUMAN TO THE
MAINTENANCE OF PEACE AND ORDER, BEHAVIOR, AND HUMAN SOCIETIES.
10. IT BROADENS OUR EXPERIENCE AS WE HAVE LEARNED TO DISCARD OUR PREJUDICES
AND BIASES AS WE BECOME MORE UNDERSTANDING AND TOLERANT OF THE CUSTOMS OF
OTHER PEOPLE.
11. RESULTS OF SOCIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ARE USEFUL TO GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS,
...
COMMUNITY LEADERS, ENTREPRENEURS, BUSINESSMEN INDUSTRIALISTS, EDUCATORS,
CHURCH LEADERS, AND LAW ENFORCERS
SOCIETY AND CULTURE WITH FAMILY PLANNING
Chapter 2
Culture With Other Basic Concepts
OBJECTIVES:
Af the end of the lesson and after doing the activities, the students
should be able to:
1. Identify elements of culture that have impact in the
development of ones personalityShow individual differences
2. Show individual differences occur as a consequences of cultural
diversity.
3. Accept these differences as part of the natural life process.
4. Identify productive and counter productive ways of people..
SOCIETY AND CULTURE WITH FAMILY PLANNING
Concept of Culture
Basic to a better understanding of any society is in getting insights about the culture
ranging of that society. All human societies have culture ranging from the most primitive
to the most advanced because culture is the way of life of the people. Individual
personality is fashioned and influenced by the culture of his society. Personality, socirty and
culture are interrelated concepts.
Definition of culture according to Edward Taylor an English anthropologist:
:Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge,belief, arts, law,customsany
other capabiliyies and habits acquired by man as a member of a society. “
 SOCIETY AND CULTURE WITH FAMILY
PLANNING

Culture refers to a man’s social and material inventions

man’s artificial or man-made environment including
the learned ways of doing things.
Culture refers to the artificial or man-made
environment as well as the behavioral aspects of
man’s way of life.
It provides prescriptions and proscriptions for group life
- the values, customs, norms, rules, laws, and sanctions
for the deviance.
Culture comprises all the objects, ideas, beliefs, norms
of a group of people, and the meanings that the
group applies to each culture element. (Clark,1988)
C
 GLOBALIZATION THEORIES

1 . World—system Theory
The spread of the capitalist system across the globe.
World Polity Theory
The theory that a “rationalized world institutional and cultural order has crystalized
that consist of universally applicable models that shapes states, organizations and
individual identities.
World Culture Theory
The formation of a “world consciousness” that gives meaning to living in the world
as a single place.
World Polity Theory
States governs on the basic constructed and reproduced of cognitive models (which
comes from the culture and society) associations, IGO`S and NGO`s and other states.
Transmit models on how to govern.
World models are constructed and reproduced through global cultural and associational
processes—models embedded in an overarching world cultures.
States modify their “traditions’ in the direction of “world cultural forms/prescriptions
principles”
WPT is based on a totally different theory of action: it emphasizes the influence of norms
and culture---not power.
SOCIETY AND CULTURE WITH FAMILY PLANNING
Summary of Introduction to Sociology

Sociology has been defined as the social science that deals with
the study of society and the social interactions taking place within
it. As a discipline, sociology plays an important role in
understanding the individual and the society he belongs. It
provides better understanding the social forces and social
conditions which affects his daily decisions and actions, which in
turns have impact on others and the society.
As a scientific and humanistic discipline, sociology provides the
generalizing principles which governs all other social sciences. As
such,
,a
sociology has been called the mother of all social sciences.
It is related to other social science disciplines like economics,
political science,
 WORLD CULTURE – EVOLUTION OF MAN
Overview
1.Human beings are part of the animal kingdom and because of
this , human beings are also a part of all the natural processes that
other animals undergo. If animals evolve, so do humans beings.
The evolution of man has always been considered by
anthropologists as closely related to the evolution of the African
apes..
2. The earth is around four billion years already and it has
undergone of series of changes. As the earth changes, and so as
the creatures and organisms living in it. After the dinosaurs were
extinct, mammals began to populate the world. When the
mammals began to thrive, the ancestors of the primates also
began to move away from the tree bushes and lived in the
grasslands of Africa.
3 Human evolution was believed to have started in Africa. Some 8
million years ago, the ancestors of modern man and the ancestors of
African Apes parted ways. The African Apes evolved into great apes
that we know today such as the chimps and gorillas while the ancestors
of modern man became the Hominids which later on evolved and
developed in Homo Sapiens.
SOCIETY AND CULTURE WITH FAMILY PLANNING
ACTIVITY 2 - PERSONAL REACTIONS
How would you react to each of the following statements:

“No man is an island”

Man is not only a rational and political being.
Man is gregarious social being!”
“The individual is the society, and the society is the individual”
iSOCIETY AND CULTURE WITH FAMILY PLANNING
STUDY THE FOLLOWING PRESENTATIONS IN PREPARATIONS FOR
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS