Experiment 4: World of

Solutions
AnnMarie Wolfe
 I. Introduction: In this lab we discussed solutions, electrolytes, types of bonding, polarity of
bonds, and the polarity of molecules. The polarity of molecules greatly affects the
solubility, melting points, conductivity, and boiling points among other things. In general
nonpolar substances (or solutes) dissolve in nonpolar solvents and polar substances
dissolve in polar solvents. These can solids, liquids, or gases. A solution is a mixture of
two or more molecules or ions. The substance in the lesser amount is called the solute.
The substance in the greater amount is called the solvent. Water is known as the universal
solvent because it is found in many solutions. Carbonated drinks are solutions of CO2 gas
in water while ethanol in water is an example of two liquids forming a solution. A
nonpolar solute such as nail polish can be dissolved by acetone which is a nonpolar
solvent. Water which is polar dissolves polar solutes such as glucose and salt. Salt and
water is a polar solution or ionic. AS NaCl dissolves in the water the ions separate into
positively charged Na ions and negatively charged Cl ions. The positively charged Na
ions are attracted to the partially negative oxygen atoms of the water molecule. At the
same time the negatively charged Cl atoms are attracted to the partially positive charge
Hydrogen atoms of the water.

II. Materials used: For this lab we used a 25 mL graduated cylinder, 50 mL volumetric flask
and a bottle of deionized water.

III. Procedure: To begin with we calculated the amount of NaCl needed for a 50.0 mL
solution with a molarity of 0.250 mole which was 0.73 g of NaCl. We measured the
desired amount of NaCL and then used the formula M1 x V1/M1 to calculate the amount
needed for the desired molarity of the next solution. Using the 25mL graduated cylinder
we measured the calculated volume and transferred it into the 50 mL volumetric flask.
We filled the flask with deionized water and used this solution for further dilutions. Using
the 0.250 M solution of NaCl, we then prepared a solution of 0.100 M solution of NaCl
by leaving 20.0ml in the flask and adding 30.0 ml of water. We then calculated the
amount needed for a 0.0100 mL solution which was 5 ml of the NaCl solution and adding
45mL of deionized water. Finally to make a solution of 0.00500 we usd 25 mL of the
NaCl solution of 0.0100 m with 25 mL of deionized water. In order to figure out the
amount of the solution needed we used the M1 x V1/ M2 formula by plugging in the
numbers from the previous given calculations. We then disposed of the solutions in the
correct beakers for the Ms.Cooper to assist perform the conductivity tests.
IV. M of Nacl solution mL of starting solution mL of H2O Light Bulb
Intensity

0.250 g of solid NaCl: 0.73 50.0 mL Very Bright

0.100 20.0 mL 30.0 mL Pretty Bright

0.0100 5mL 45.0 mL A little Dimmer

0.00500 25mL 25 mL Dimmer and Delayed

V. Conclusion: In this lab we learned about the charges of atoms and how polar and
nonpolar solutions dissolve in water. We also learned that electrolyte solutions are
normally formed when a salt, acids, or bases are placed into a solvent such as water and
the individual components dissociate due to the thermodynamic interactions between
solvent and solute molecules, this process is called solvation. When solid NaCl is placed
on water it dissociated into positive Na and Negative Cl which then bond with the
positive and negative components of the water which then have a charge and can turn on
a light bulb for instance.