Unit 6 Art Ap Aug 28final

Unit 6: Appreciating Visual Arts
Introduction
Art is a universal language all humans understand and use to communicate (Sabol,
2011).
Visual arts convey messages of emotions, ideas, or information. We use art to
express ourselves and to speak to others across time and place. Let visual arts
awaken our essential drive to create and understand visual imagery.
Let this unit familiarize you with the three (3) components of visual arts, which are
the fine arts, decorative arts, and contemporary visual arts. Let Visual Arts enable
us to explore our creative powers and nurture our artistic capacities as we witness
the beauty of fine arts in paintings, drawings, graphics, sculptures, and architecture.
Let Visual Arts stimulate our imagination as we scrutinize the amazing decorative
arts in tapestries, textiles, ceramics, mosaic artworks, glass arts, tattoo, and jewelry.
Let Visual Arts excite our senses as we sift through the contemporary visual arts in
photography, art print, video art, animation, and graffiti.
Come along, enliven your senses, bring your desire to learn, and let’s discover and
appreciate the world of visual arts through the windows of our souls.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the unit, you will be able to:
a. Describe artistic styles of different visual arts;
b. Demonstrate an understanding of visual arts, as well as their subject, function,

medium, value, and social significance;
c. Create artworks from the different categories of visual arts integrating its various
elements;
d. Launch a mini art exhibit of local visual arts for the community; and
e. Develop a positive attitude towards the multiple functions of the visual arts and
their significance in different cultures through personal and perceptive analysis.
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Topic 1: Visual Artworks and Artists
Learning Objectives
At the end of this unit, students will be able to:

a. Describe the different types of visual arts
b. Recognize notable visual artists
c. Discover their creativity by producing visual artworks
d. Demonstrate an appreciation of local visual artists
Activating Prior Knowledge
Before we dive into the discussion, let us see if you are familiar with some of the
popular visual art forms created from different times, cultures, and places. Identify
the title of the artworks provided on the first column. The names of the artists are
listed at the third column for you as a clue. Pick out your answers from the box at
the end of this section and write it on the space provided at the second column. You
are given 3 minutes to finish everything.
Artwork Title Artist
Leonardo da Vinci
1.
Source: https://www.leonardodavinci.net
Vincent Van Gogh
2.
Source: https://www.vincentvangogh.org
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Fernando Amorsolo
3.
Source:pensievemindniche.wordpress.com
Juan Luna
4.
Source:www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph
Katsushika Hokusai
5.
Source:https://mymodernmet.com
Joe Rosenthal
6.
Source:100photos.time.com
Michelangelo
7.
Source:www.italianrenaissance.org
Guillermo Tolentino
8.
Source:https://medium.com
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Richard Kissling
9.
Source:https://www.joserizal.com
Postnik Yakovlev,
Ivan Barma
10.
Source:https://russiau.com
Leandro Locsin
11.
Source:culturalcenter.gov.ph
Napoleon Abueva
12.
Source:https://www.wescover.com
Magdalena Gamayo
13.
Source:pinterest.com
Pete Docter and

Ronnie del Carmen
14.
Source:letterboxd.com
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Maryo delos Reyes
15.
Source:nowbrewing2013.com
a. Inabel b. Madonna of the Meadows c. Spoliarium

d. Magnifico e. The Great Wave of Kanagawa f. Starry Night
g. Oblation h. Raising the Flag in Iwo Jima i. Planting Rice
j. David k. Rizal’s Monument in Luneta l. St. Basil’s Cathedral
m. Pieta n. Cultural Center of the Philippines o. Monalisa
p. Inside Out q. Nine Muses of the Arts r. Aristotle
Presentation of Contents
Visual arts are those art form intended to be appreciated or perceived primarily by
sight. These art forms are prevalent and incredibly diverse. There are three (3)
categories of visual arts: (i) fine arts, (ii) decorative arts, and (iii) contemporary
arts.
Fine Arts are developed primarily for aesthetics or beauty and intellectual purposes
and judged for its beauty and meaningfulness, emphasizing painting, sculpture,
drawing, watercolor, graphics, and architecture. The perception of artistic
qualities required a refined judgment, usually referred to as having good taste.
Decorative Arts is an art form that applies design and decoration to everyday
objects in order to make them aesthetically pleasing. This is more utilitarian and
has a function but retains an artistic style and still requires talent to create. It
includes tapestry, ceramics, mosaic art, glass art, jewelry, tattoo, woodwork,
interior design, textile arts, and crafts.
Contemporary Arts is a form of art of today, conceived in modern times, which

include photography, art print, video art, animation, graffiti, and installation
art. The art forms are produced in a globally influenced, culturally diverse, and
technologically advancing world.
Mediums of Visual Arts
Mediums came from the Latin word “medium,” denotes the ways or methods by
which an artist communicates his idea. These are the materials, which are used by
an artist to interpret his feelings or thoughts. Many mediums were used in creating
different works of art. Visual arts are those seen mediums and which occupy space.
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A two-dimensional art includes painting, drawing, printmaking, tapestry, and

photography. Three-dimensional art techniques include sculpture, architecture,
crafts, ceramics, and jewelry. The mediums in visual arts are discussed as follows.
Two-dimensional Arts
Painting
Painting is the application of pigment to a usually flat surface. Each medium exerts
a pronounced effect on the finished product, is capable of different treatment, and
determines its stroke. These mediums are applied to wet plaster, canvas, wood, or
paper.
• Watercolor
Watercolor is a painting
material made up of
pigment mixed with
water, which after mixing
using brush applied into
the paper. It is possible to
change a portion of the
work even if the
watercolor paint has been
applied, but the color
becomes less in Vincent Van Gogh, “Fishing Boats on the Beach”
brilliance. Though using Source: https://artist.com/art
this medium proves to be
a challenge, some watercolor artists are able to achieve stunning effects through
some techniques like “gouache”, an opaque watercolor painting with effects caused
by the white
watercolor paper used.
It is done by mixing
zinc white with regular
watercolor paints to
tone it down and
produce a dramatic
effect on the final
painting appearance.
Some of the
watercolor artists are
Vincent Van Gogh,
Frank Weber, Emil
Nolde, Jun Martinez,
Jun Martinez, “Sugarcane” Margarita Lim, Ang
Source: https://watercolorpainting.com/famous-artists Kiukuk, and Ephraim
Samson.
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• Fresco
Fresco is a painting technique done on a wet plastered wall. Glowing is the primary
characteristic of this kind
of painting. It is one of
the oldest types of
painting. The finish
outcome of a fresco is
like a marble wall. Quick
application is the
technique used in this art
because it is an exacting
medium. Once the paint
is applied, the color dry Michelangelo, “The Creation of Adam”
into plaster and becomes Source: https://admissions.johncabot.edu
permanent. Other
artworks on fresco
paintings are the “School
of Athens” by Raphael,
the “Allegory of Divine
Providence and
Barberini Power” by
Pietro da Cortona,
Sistine Chapel Frescoes
by Michelangelo, and the
“Expulsion from the
Garden of Eden” by
Fresco painting at a Bohol Church
Masaccio. Source: GMA News Online
• Tempera
Tempera (also called
egg tempera) is a
method of painting that
employs an emulsion of
water, egg yolk or
whole eggs sometimes
with a little glue, honey
or milk). Tempera is
applied onto a prepared
Botticelli, Birth of Venus
surface. Wood panel
Source: https://artist.com/art painting is prepared
with layers of gesso (a
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mixture of size and chalk) to form a

smooth surface. The tempera is then
applied over a prepared drawing or
sketch and built up slowly in a series
of thin, transparent layers. Tempera
paintings are very long lasting, and
colors do not deteriorate over time. It
dries quickly, and when dry, it
produces a smooth matte finish
(Visual Arts Encyclopedia).
Anita Magsaysay-Ho, “Harvest”

Source: https://www.pinterest.ph
• Pastel
Pastel is a painting medium that consists
of color pigment in powder and a binder
compounded with gum water. It is a very
adaptable medium whose colors are
resplendent but the finished product is
Fabian dela Rosa, “Manila Girl”
Source: www.pinterest.com
difficult to preserve because the chalk can
rub off.
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Edgar Degas, “Four Ballerinas on Stage”

Source: www.edgar-degas.org
• Encaustic
Encaustic painting is a mixed media
technique that involves using heated wax or
beeswax added with colored pigment. A
prepared surface like wood, canvas, or
other materials is usually the preferred
surface on which the liquid or paste is
applied. This kind of painting produces
luster and brilliance. The term is from
Greek, meaning "burning in." (Artist
Network, 2019)
The Fayum mummy portrait of the given
example is from the Roman period around
140-150 B.C. The portrait, a man of mature
years perhaps was a priest, in encaustic on
lime wood: the panel is cracked through the
Fayum Mummy Portrait (EA74714) right side from the upper edge to the
Source: www.britishmuseum.org subject's proper left ear. A row of four nail
holes indicative of reuse or
attachment to a frame runs across
the panel 6.3 cm below the upper
edge, and a row of three holes 9-9.5
cm above the lower edge. The
background is a greenish cream.
During the Roman period, they use
encaustic to portray the dead and
attach it to the remains after
mummification. This artifact is
Geraldine Javier, “Proposal for the National housed in the British Museum.
Dog of the Philippines”
Source: www.wikipedia.com
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• Oil
Oil painting is one of the
most high-priced and high
valued arts (painting)
because of the price of its
materials. It is the heftiest
of painting mediums.
Pigments are mixed with
linseed oil or turpentine and
applied to the canvas that
appears glossy and last
long. (Ariola, 2014) Fernando Amorsolo, “Harvest Time”
Notable artists with their Source: www.mutualart.com
works are “Planting Rice”
by Fernando Amorsolo, “The Last
Supper” by Leonardo da Vinci,
“Doni Tondo” by Michelangelo di
Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni,
“Musical Allegory” by
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn,
“Fisherman” by Ang Kiukok,
“Spoliarium” by Juan Luna, and
“Las Virgenes Cristianas
Expuestas al Populacho” by Felix
Resureccion Hidalgo.
Leonardo da Vinci, “Monalisa”

Source: Fine Homes and Living
151
• Acrylic
Acrylic is a synthetic paint
mixed with acrylic
emulsion binder for the
surface overlaying of the
artwork. It has the quick
drying characteristics as the
watercolor and the
flexibility of oil thus
making it one of the
favorites of artists (Ariola,
2014). Acrylics evolved
Thomas Hart Benton, “The Bicyclers” over time. The acrylic paint
Source: www.artistnetwork.com
of earlier times are different
from today’s but they share
the same characteristics which are mixable, easily cleaned or thinned with water,
and dry fairly quickly (typically between 5-20 minutes). Acrylics act as a vehicle
for any kind of pigment, and are capable of providing both the transparent brilliance
of watercolor and the density of oil paint. They are observed to be less affected by
extreme temperature and other destructive forces than is oil paint. They found
approval among artists who were anxious about the health risks posed by the usage
of oil paints and the inhalation of fumes associated with them. Because of all these
desirable features, acrylic paints became instantaneously popular with artists when
they were first commercially
endorsed in the 1960s.
Notable 20th-century artists
who used acrylic paint
include pop artists and
Warhol and Roy
Lichtenstein, Op artists
Mark Rothko, Ellsworth
Kelly, and Barnett Newman,
and British artist David
Hockney. (Artist Network,
2019)
Mosaic
JV Totanes, “Oldest Tattoo Artist ApoWhang-Od”

Source: www.saatchiart.com
152
Mosaic is the art of creating images with an assemblage of small pieces of colored glass,
stone, or other materials often glued on a surface with plaster or cement. It is a 4000-
year-old practice and the earliest known examples of mosaics made of different materials
were found at a temple building in Ubaid, Mesopotamia, and are dated to the second half
of 3rd millennium BCE. They consist of pieces of colored stones, shells and ivory.
Excavations at Susa and Choqa Zanbil show evidence of the first glazed tiles, dating from
around 1500 BCE (Ancient History Encyclopedia). Some of the notable mosaics are
found in the churches of Basilica of
Sant’Apollinare Nuovo, Sant’Apollinare
in Classe and Basilica of San Vitale (all
three churches are on the UNESCO
World Heritage List), a glass mosaic
which is one of the largest of its kind in
A part of the mosaic “Alexander the

Great”
the world hangs on the Villa Harvey

Mandel building in San Diego,
California, another impressive mosaic is
located at the New York City subway
stations, a remarkable mosaic was also
inlaid in London, England in the 13th
Gigi Campos, “Misami” century when the Abbot of Westminster
Source:www.choosephilppines.com brought back from Italy to England a
ship full of marble, glass, and Italian
craftsmen that made way for the “Great Pavement in Westminster Abbey to be laid
down that depict the universe and its end.
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Stained Glass
Stained glass is an
artwork made by
conjoining small
pieces of precut
stained glass that
is clasped by
strips of lead
usually reinforced
with iron bars that
form heavy black
lines. It is mostly
used in church
windows but also
Basilica Minore Nuestra Senora de Piat in Cagayan
sometimes used in Source:www.hiveminer.com
rose windows in
formal buildings
(Ariola, 2014).
The glass are
colored with
metallic oxides
while in the
smelted state,
copper for ruby,
cobalt for blue,
manganese for
purple, and
antimony for
yellow, iron for
green. Sheets of
Nasir-al-mulk Mosque in Iran
medieval glass
Source:www.demilked.com were produced by
blowing a bubble
of glass, manipulating it into a cylindrical shape, cutting away the ends to form a
roll or tube, cutting the tube lengthwise down one side, and flattening it into a sheet
while the glass was still red hot and in a malleable state. It was then allowed to cool
very slowly in a furnace so that it would be properly annealed and not too difficult
to cut up into whatever shapes might be needed for the design. Since these sheets
of glass, with the exception of a type known as flashed glass, were intrinsically
colored with one basic color throughout, changes from one color to another in the
design of a window could be effected only by introducing separate pieces of glass
in each of the requisite colors. (Encyclopedia Britannica). Examples of stained glass
are the Rose windows in Notre Dame of Paris, the windows in the Manila
Cathedral, the stunning windows of Saint-Chappelle in France.
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Tapestry or Textile
Tapestry or textile is a
piece of fabric with
images or designs
formed by weaving
colored threads or by
embroidering on
canvas. It is a woven
decorative fabric, the
design of which is
built up in the course
of weaving. Broadly,
the name has been
used for almost any
heavy material, hand
woven, machine
woven, or even Bayeux Tapestry depicting the Normans
embroidered, used to Source: Bayeux Museum
cover furniture, walls,
or floors or for the decoration of clothing. Since the 18th and 19th centuries,
however, the technical definition of tapestry has been narrowed to include only
heavy, reversible,
patterned or figured
hand woven textiles,
usually in the form of
fabrics for hangings,
upholstery, and added
decoration to
clothing. Examples
of tapestries or
textiles are the
“Gaddang textile”
from Nueva Vizcaya,
the “Inabel” of Ilocos
Norte, the Malong of
Bakong Textiles Maranaw, “The Lady
Source: Department of Trade and Industry Region 02 and the Unicorn”
from Australia.
Drawing
Drawing is done on a light colored surface like paper, wood, canvas using pencil,
pen and ink, or charcoal and usually done as training for artists.
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• Pencils are made of graphite and are graded to indicate the different degrees
of hardness and softness, which provides
variations, and shade gradations of the
resulting drawing. To create lines, the
hard pencils are used and for creating
textures and shades, the soft ones are
used.
• Pen and Ink is executed with the use

of black and other colored inks like India
ink, Chinese ink, liners, markers, and
regular ballpoint pen are some of the
favorite samples used by comic strip
illustrators and cartoonists.
• Charcoal is a drawing material made

of carbon in different forms like stick,
compressed, powder, and vine. It is
used in representing broad masses of
Pencil Drawing light and shadow by blending,
Source: noypicollection.com
smearing, or smudging over paper or
other light colored surfaces.
• Crayons are colored sticks made

from paraffin wax mixed with
pigments. It is trendy among children.
The ideal surface for crayons is paper.
Pen and India Ink
Source: www.saatchiart.com
Charcoal Rendering
Source: Arts and Display
156
Printmaking
Printmaking is
done by creating
an artist’s plate,
which can either
be original
artwork or from
an image which
can later on
transferred to a
white paper using
black ink. It is
usually done for
duplicating or
making multiple
copies of an Katsushik Hokusai, “The Underwave of Kanagawa”
original drawing. Source: metmuseum.org
The different
major techniques in printmaking are relief process (woodcut, wood engraving,
linoleum cut, metal cut, cardboard cut, relief etching, rubbing, and dotted print),
intaglio process (engraving, drypoint, mezzotint, crayon engraving, etching, and
metal graphic), surface printing, special techniques (monoprint, cliché-verre,
cellocut, collagraphy, plaster
print), and process prints (linecut,
halftone cut, rotogravure, and
offset lithography). For notable
examples of printmaking, “A
Flood on Java” by Raden Saleh,
“Combat of the Giaour and the
Pasha” by Eugene Delacroix,
“Durer’s Rhinoceros” by
Albrecht Durer, “Guru
Tokimune” by Yoshitoshi, check
out the other works of Manuel
Rodriguez Sr., the Father of
Printmaking in the Philippines
like “Dance of the Fire Birds”,
“Interlude”, and “Sabong”, and
the works of Benedicto “BenCab”
Cabrera “Sabel”, “Ang Babae sa
Duyan”, and “Tryptych on
Love”.
Manuel Rodriguez Sr.

Source: thantsinkedup.com
157
Lithography
Lithography is a reproduction
process that uses a leveled stone
or metal plate on which the
positive image areas are worked
by means of a greasy substance
so that the ink will stick to the
surface, while the negative image
areas are made ink-repellent.
Lithography literally means “to
write on stone”, it came from the
Greek word lithos meaning
“stone” and graphein meaning
“to write”. It was invented in the
late eighteenth century, initially
using limestone as the printing
surface. Lithography is a printing
process established on the point
that grease and water do not Pablo Picasso, “Guernica 2”
Source: Society6.com
blend. The image is smeared to a
leveled yet grained surface
(traditionally stone but now usually aluminum) using a greasy medium: such as a
special greasy ink – called tusche,
crayon, pencils, lacquer, or
synthetic materials. A solution of
gum arabic and nitric acid is
applied over the surface, producing
water-receptive non-printing areas
and grease-receptive image areas.
The printing surface is kept damp,
so that a roller charged with oil-
based ink can be rolled over the
surface, and ink will only stick to
the grease-receptive image area.
Paper is then placed against the
surface and the plate is run through
a press (Tate UK). Notable
lithography artists are Pablo
Picasso, Marc Chagall, Claude
Garache, Wilfredo Lam, Ronald
Ventura, Ambie Abanos, and
Arturo Luz.
Ambie Abanos, “True North”
Source: http://verafiles.org
158
Tattoo
Tattoo is the
permanent insertion
of ink below the skin,
using a sharp
instrument. Humans
have done tattooing
for cosmetic and
ritual purposes since
at least the Neolithic
era. Some tattoo
artists are still using
traditional
techniques, tools and
pigments. In the Apo Whang-Od doing the traditional hand poking tattooing
Philippines, the most Source: www.gifted.ph
notable traditional
tattoo artist is Apo Whang-Od from Kalinga province who uses lemon thorn and
charcoal ink for her art. Tough some of today’s tattoo practice is made relatively
safe by the use of nonreactive pigments; sterile, disposable needles; and sterile work
conditions. Some of the notable tattoo artists both foreign and local are Ajarn Noo
Kanpai, Alex Muller, Norman Keith “Sailor Jerry” Collins, Maud Stevens Wagner,
Apo Whang-Od, Kenneth Iwarat, Draz Palaming, and Dragon Edong.
Photography or Pictorialism
Photography is the art, utilization, and practice of creating long-lasting images by
recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically utilizing an
image sensor, or chemically using a light-sensitive material such as photographic
film. Pictorialism is an approach to photography that emphasizes beauty of subject
matter, tonality, and composition rather than
the documentation of reality. The Pictorialist
perspective was born in the late 1860s. It
approached the camera as a tool that, like
Andreas Gursky, “Rhein II” priced at US$ 4.3M Angelo Fan, “Bouyancy”
Source: http://www.lik.com/ Source: International Photo Awards
159
the paintbrush and chisel, could be used to make an artistic statement.

The essential elements of the image captured by a camera are usually established
immediately at the time of exposure. This characteristic is unique to photography
and sets it apart from other ways of picture making. The seemingly automatic
recording of an image by photography has given the process a sense of authenticity
shared by no other picture-making technique. The photograph possesses, in the
popular mind, such apparent accuracy that the adage “the camera does not lie” has
become an accepted cliché (Encyclopedia Britannica) Among the famous
photographers are Anne Geddes who is notable for her photos of babies, Cindy
Sherman with her conceptual portraits, Paul Quiambao with his captivating UST
photos, and Eduardo Masferre (the Father of Philippine Photography) for his
impressive photographic cultural chronicles of the upland people.
Graffiti
Graffiti are writing or drawings that
have been scribbled scratched, or
painted illicitly on a wall or other
surface, often within public view.
The word graffiti, or its singular
form “graffito”, come from the
Italian word graffiato which
means “scratched”. While the
practice of creating graffiti has
existed since ancient times, it come
Kookoo Ramos to the forefront as a modern art
Source: artradarjournal.com movement in the second half of the
20th century (Anirudh, 2017).
Graffiti is one of the most radical contemporary art movements; "graffiti art" (also
called "Street Art," "Spray can Art," "Subway Art" or "Aerosol Art") commonly
refers to beautiful
imagery applied by
paint or other means to
buildings, public
transport or other
property. According to
Brighenti (2010),
graffiti is an
“interstitial practice”,
a practice about which
different actors hold
different conceptions,
depending on how it is
related to other
practices such as ‘art Eduardo Cobra
and design (as Source: timesofindia.indiatimes.com
aesthetic work),
criminal law (as vandalism crime), politics (as a message of resistance and
liberation), and market (as merchandisable product). Among the famous graffiti
160
artists in the world are David Choe, Lady Pink, Bansky, Brian Barrios, and
KooKoo Ramos.
Three-dimensional Arts
Sculpture
Sculpture is a kind of visual arts that operates in
three dimensions. The three (3) classifications
are freestanding, relief, and environmental. The
mediums used in sculpture are further discussed
below. (Gallery 104) There numerous notable
sculptures since time immemorial, some of
which are the “David”, “Venus de Milo”,
“Terracotta Warriors”, “UP Oblation”,
“Gomburza”, “Rizal’s Monument”, “EDSA
Shrine”, and “Blood Compact” to name a few.
• Stone includes sandstones, granite, Guillermo Tolentino, “Oblation”

basalt, marble, and limestone. It is a hard Source:https://medium.comhtt
substance formed from mineral and ps://medium.com
earth material whose finished
product is rough and dull look.
(Ariola, 2014)
• Jade is a semi-precious green or

whitish stone, which is highly
esteemed and widely used in China
as an ornamental stone for carving
and jewelry.
• Ivory is the hard white or cream-

colored substance from tusks of
animals like elephants, walrus, etc.
used for carvings.
• Metals are one of the favorite

materials used by sculptors because
of its ductility, conductivity and Napoleon Abueva, “Family Group”
Source: pinterest.com
luster. The metals used as mediums
for sculpture are copper, brass,
bronze, silver, gold, lead and aluminum.
• Plaster is a mixture of lime, water, and sand, gypsum or cement. It is used

extensively in making mannequins, models, molds, architectural
decorations, and other indoor sculpture.
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• Clay is an earthy material that consists primarily of hydrated aluminum

silicates and is used for pottery, ceramics, sculpture, and bricks. It is plastic
when moist but hard when fired, so it is
necessary to cast it in a durable mold
before cooking it in oven or kiln.
• Glass is a hard, brittle, transparent or

translucent substance produced from
silica, silicates (sand), soda, and lime. It
can be formed into various colors and
shapes under extreme heat.
• Wood is the sculpture medium most

comfortable to carve than any other
medium. Traditional woods used are Wily Layug, “Filipinized Marian”
dap-dap, lauan, mahogany, narra, and Source: gmanetwork.com
dao.
Architecture
Architecture is the art and
technique of designing
and building, as
distinguished from the
skills associated
with construction. The
practice of architecture is
employed to fulfill both
practical and expressive
Francisco Mañosa, “San Miguel Corporation Building” requirements, and thus it
Source: www.mañosabrothers.com serves both utilitarian
and aesthetic ends.
Although these two ends may be distinguished, they cannot be separated, and the
relative weight given to each can vary widely. Every society has a spatial
relationship to the
natural world and to
other societies.
Materials usually
used for architecture
are stone, brick,
wood, concrete, iron
and steel. Notable
methods applied are
post and lintel, arch,
vault, dome, truss
framed structures
Frank Lloyd Wright, “Fallingwater”
Source: www.austincubed.comce
and wall. The
ultimate synthesis
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on architecture is venustas (beauty), utilitas (functionality), and firmitas (strength).

The characteristics that distinguish a work of architecture from other built structures
are (1) the suitability of the work to use by human beings in general and the
adaptability of it to particular human activities, (2) the stability and permanence of
the work’s construction, and (3) the communication of experience, aesthetics, and
ideas through its form. All these conditions must be met in architecture. The second
is a constant, while the first and third vary in relative importance according to the
social function of buildings. If the function is chiefly utilitarian, as in a factory,
communication is of less importance. If the function is chiefly expressive, as in a
monumental tomb, utility is a minor concern. In some buildings, such as churches
and city halls, utility and communication may be of equal importance. Among the
notable architects are Frank Lloyd Wright, Eero Saarinen, Zaha Hadid, Le
Corbusier, Francisco Mañosa, Leandro Locsin and Juan Nakpil.
Ceramic Art
Ceramics is made from
ceramic materials,
including clay. It may take
forms, including art ware,
tile, figurines, sculptures,
and tableware. "Ceramics"
(derived from keramos,
Greek for 'potter's clay')
refers to items made
from clay bodies and fired
in a kiln to obtain the
finished form. Outside of art, Ancient Egyptian pottery
due to new technological Source: www.mediatouristtube.comce
processes, the term ceramics
now encompasses a wider group of materials, including glass and cements, so clay
is no longer a key component. In visual art, there is no difference between ceramics
and pottery. Both denote
the basic 4-step creative
process of:
(1) forming (shaping);
(2) firing (baking in
kiln);
Iguig pottery
Source: www.eazytraveler.comce
163
(3) glazing/decorating (coating the object with a glaze or applying to it decorative

techniques); (4) Refiring (rebaking) to harden the glaze. (Encyclopedia of Art)
Animation
Animation is a technique in which images
are manipulated to appear as moving
forms. Hydrotechnics is a method that
includes lights, water, fire, fog, and
lasers, with high-definition projections on
mist screens. (youtube.com) Animated
Lee Unkrich, Adrian Molina, “Coco”

Source: www.imdb.com
films are ones in which individual

drawings, paintings, or illustrations are
photographed frame by frame (stop-
frame cinematography). Usually, each
frame differs slightly from the one
Reggie Entienza, “Urduja” preceding it, giving the illusion of
Source: www.imdb.com
movement when frames are projected in
rapid succession at 24 frames per second.
The earliest cinema animation was composed of frame-by-frame, hand-drawn
images. When combined with movement, the illustrator's two-dimensional static
art became alive and created pure and imaginative cinematic images. (AMC
Networks)
Movie Production or Film Making

Movie Production or Film Making is the process of making a film, generally in the
sense of films intended for extensive theatrical exhibition. Motion picture, also
called film or movie, series of still photographs on film, projected in rapid
succession onto a screen by means of light. Because of the optical phenomenon
known as persistence of vision, this gives the illusion of actual, smooth, and
continuous movement. The motion picture is a remarkably effective medium in
conveying drama and especially in the evocation of emotion. The art of motion
pictures is exceedingly complex, requiring contributions from nearly all the other
arts as well as countless technical skills (for example, in sound
recording, photography, and optics). Emerging at the end of the 19th century, this
164
new art form became one of the most popular and influential media of the 20th
century and beyond (Encyclopedia Britannica). Filmmaking involves several
discrete stages including an initial story conceptualization, idea, or commission,
through screenwriting, casting, shooting, sound recording and reproduction,
editing, and screening the finished product before an audience that may result in a
film release and exhibition. (Filmmaker) Cinematography is the art of visual
storytelling. Anyone can set a camera on a tripod and hit record, but the artistry of
cinematography comes in controlling what the viewer sees (or doesn’t see) and how
the image is presented. Film is a visual medium, and the best-shot films are ones
where you can tell what’s going on without hearing any of the dialogue. Some of
the notable movies of all time rated according to their success (awards and
nominations), their popularity, and their cinematic greatness from a directing and
writing perspective are “The Godfather”, “The Shawshank Redemption”, “The
Schindler’s List”, “Raging Bull”, “Casablanca”, “Citizen Kane”, “Himala”, “Anak
Dalita”, “Genghis Khan”, “Ibong Adarna”, “Babae sa Breakwater”, “Bayani ng
Lupa” and “Bayaning Third World”.
Jewelry
Jewelry is decorative objects worn on
clothes or body that are usually made
from valuable metals, such as gold
and silver, and precious stones.
Jewelries are objects of personal
adornment prized for the
craftsmanship going into their
creation and generally for the value of
their components as well. Throughout
the centuries and from culture to
Ganymede Jewelry
Source: www.metmuseum.org
culture, the materials considered rare

and beautiful have ranged from shells,
bones, pebbles, tusks, claws, and
wood to so-called precious metals, and
semiprecious stones, pearls, corals,
enamel, vitreous pastes, and ceramic.
In certain eras artist-craftsmen have
sometimes placed less emphasis on the
intrinsic value of materials than on
their aesthetic function as components
Ancient Filipino Jewelries contributing to the effect of the whole.
Source: www.imageros.pw
Thus they might fashion a brooch out
165
of steel or plastic rather than gold or platinum. Furthermore, in addition to its

decorative function, during much of its history jewelry has also been worn as a sign
of social rank—forbidden by sumptuary laws to all but the ruling classes—and as
a to avert evil and bring good luck. During the Middle Ages, for example, a ruby
ring was thought to bring its owner lands and titles, to bestow virtue, to protect
against seduction, and to prevent effervescence in water—but only if worn on the
left hand. (Encyclopedia Britannica)
Installation Art
Installation art is an artistic genre that involves the configuration or installation of
objects in a space, such as a room or warehouse. The resulting arrangement of
material and space
comprises the artwork.
(Dela Cruz, 2016) The
term installation art is
used to describe large-
scale, mixed-media
constructions, often
designed for a specific
place or for a temporary
period of time.
Installation artworks
also described as
“environments” often
occupy an entire room
or gallery space that the Ai Weiwei, “Ike Art #4”
spectator has to walk Source: http://be-design.com.au
through in order to
engage fully with
the work of art.
Some installations,
however, are
designed simply to
be walked around
and contemplated,
or are so fragile that
they can only be
viewed from a
doorway, or one end
of a room. What
makes installation
art different from
Cagayan State University-Sanchez Mira Campus sculpture or other
Source: RL Studio traditional art forms
is that it is a
complete unified experience, rather than a display of separate, individual
artworks. The focus on how the viewer experiences the work and the desire to
166
provide an intense experience for them is a dominant theme in installation art.

(tate.org.uk) Famous installation artists nowadays are Ai Weiwei, Doris Salcedo,
Kawayan de Guia, Juan Alcazaren, Neil Pasilan and Leeroy New.
Application
A. On-the-spot activity right after discussion.
Name-Game: Artist-Art List. Check out the table below, different types of visual
arts are listed on the first column. The second and third columns are left blank for
you to fill out. On the second column, provide names of artists that corresponds to
the type of visual arts on the first column and on the third column you provide the
works of art made by the artist you provided on the second column.
Visual Arts Artist Artworks

1. Painting
2. Sculpture
3. Architecture
4. Photography
5. Installation Art
6. Movie
7. Mosaic
8. Tattoo
9. Graffiti
10. Printmaking
B. Homework.
Photo Art Appropriation. Choose one visual artwork and do photo appropriation.
Discuss your output in 5 to 8 sentences. Prepare to present the captured photo in
class. Photo art appropriation is recapturing famous or notable images and put them
into other contexts. In doing the photo appropriation, you need to have a printed
copy of the visual art, a camera or cellphone with camera. Redo the image by
copying the pose, the clothes and expressions of the subject from the original visual
art you have chosen. Take a picture and have it printed. Present the photo
appropriation together with the original visual art.
167
Feedback
Name: __________________________Date: _______ Score:_______

Analyze the given visual arts by answering the five questions below. Write your
answers on the space provided beside the image.
a. What category of visual art is it? (form)
b. What is the work of art about? (subject)
c. What is it for? (function)
d. What is it made of? (medium)
e. In your opinion, is it good? (evaluation)
a.
b.
1. Spoliarium c.
d.
e.
a.
2. Ilocos b.
Norte Inabel c.
d.
e.
a.
b.
3. Bahay Kubo c.
d.
e.
a.
b.
4. Oblation
c.
d.
e.
a.
5. Vigan Burnay b.
c.
d.
e.
Scoring Rubric
Score Rating Descriptive Value
21-25 90-95 Excellent
16-20 85-89 Very Satisfactory
11-15 80-84 Satisfactory (needs minor assistance in some topics)
6-10 75-79 Fair (needs assistance with some difficult items)
168
0-5 70-74 Poor (must go over and review topic intensively)
Topic 2: Understanding the Subjects of Visual Arts and their

Elements and Principles
Learning Objectives
At the end of this unit, students will be able to:

a. Explain the elements and principles of visual arts
b. Compare and contrast images and structures of visual artworks using the
elements and principles of visual arts
c. Analyze visual arts through identifying its theme, mood, tone and composition
d. Establish a mini gallery of local visual artists for the community
Activating Prior Knowledge
In the previous topic, we get to know the different types and mediums of visual
arts. Now we will study visual arts in a deeper sense. We will analyze its meaning
and significance. Before we start with analysis and discussion, let us see if you
know some of the elements and principles of visual arts and how they are appraised.
Identify the element or principle of visual art applied in the artwork. Encircle the
letter of the correct answer. You are given 3 minutes to finish everything.
1. a. harmony b. balance c. color

Michael Cacnio, Gripo, Sculpture
Source: inquirer.net
2. a. repetition b. harmony c. line

Isabelle Chu’s portfolio, Architecture
169
3. a. balance b. texture c. emphasis

EatonNott, Interior Design
Source: eatonnott.com
4. a. line b. variety c. composition

Photography
5. a. symmetry b. texture c. color

Malong a landap binaning
Source: cnnphilippines, Textile
Presentation of Contents
Understanding Visual Art: Identifying Theme, Mood, Tone and Composition
To really understand visual arts, one must move beyond stating the obvious and
add perceptive, personal insight. Viewer should demonstrate higher order of
thinking like analyzing, evaluating, and synthesizing information and ideas from
visual observation. In doing visual arts analysis, the four features (theme, mood,
tone, and composition), the elements, and the principles are to be considered.
Theme relates to the meaning of a painting, rather than the subject, which is
specific and basic. A theme is deeper and broader and conveys something more
universal. Themes are usually implied rather than explicitly stated. To examine the
theme in visual arts is look at the ideas conveyed by the visual experience as a
whole. In analyzing the movie Star Wars, the subject is simply “a battle for the
control of the galaxy” while the theme is explored around “conflict between
technology and nature”.
170
Mood is the atmosphere in a painting, or the feeling expressed. Is the art tranquil,
or is it dark and disturbing? The mood is studied through evaluating the emotional
reaction or response of the viewer or evaluating the overall mood of the artwork.
Some of these moods are energetic, excitement, serious, sedate, positive, peaceful,
calm, melancholic, tense, uneasy, uplifting, foreboding, calm, turbulent, disturbing.
Another way
Tone refers to lightness or darkness of colors used, which can help to create a sense
of depth or distance in art. The tonal values of an artwork can be attuned to modify
its expressive appeal. Tone can be used to create a contrast of light and dark, to
create the illusion of form, to create a dramatic or tranquil atmosphere, to create a
sense of depth and distance, and to create a rhythm or pattern within a composition,
and these are to be considered in analyzing the tone of visual arts.
Composition is the underlying structure of the art that refers to where the artist
placed the subject matter. It is considered as the exactly the same as the layout of a
piece of artwork. It is not the actual subject of the art but where the subject is placed.
It is how the elements of visual arts are organized. Ways of analyzing the
composition of visual arts are seeing if its off-centered, centered, disoriented, done
with the rue of thirds, etc.
Analysis of “The Dance of Life” by Edvard Munch
The Dance of Life by Edvard

Munch is a painting of dancing
couples. On the left, a young
woman in a white floral dress
stands watching symbolizes
innocence and youth. In the
background shows dancing
couples, the composition centers
on a man in black and a woman in
red. Red implies love, passion and
pain. Her dress cloaks his feet and
envelops him. He has no choice Edvard Munch, “The Dance of Life”
but to follow. Their faces are odd Source: edvard-munch.org
looking and seems like zombies.
On the right, an old woman in an unembellished black dress stands apart, thin face
wrinkled, hands clasped tight. The old woman signifies loneliness and sorrow. The
moon in the sky reflects on the water, but the deep colors and uncomfortable
movement among the figures render the dance less than festive. The characters are
surrounded by outlines that emphasize their rounded shapes rather than the
individuals. So the mood is uneasy, the tone is dark, and the theme conveys various
stages of a woman’s life and the passage of time and death, rather than family love
and closeness.
171
The proper use of the rules of art is essential to the success of any visual artwork.
The “Principles of Art” is the first set of rules or guidelines that make deciding the
impact of a work of art easier. The second set of rules is the “Elements of Art”.
Principles of Visual Arts is the means an artist uses to organize elements within
a work of art.
1. Harmony is a way of combining similar elements in artwork to accent
their similarities (achieved through the use of repetition and subtle, gradual
changes)
2. Rhythm is a principle of design that indicates movement, created by the
careful placement of repeated elements in a work of art to cause a visual tempo or
beat.
3. Balance is a way of blending elements to add a feeling of equilibrium or
stability to a work of art. Major types are symmetrical and asymmetrical. (Art
Quizlet)
4. Proportion is a principle of design that refers to the relationship of
individual elements to the whole and each other.
5. Emphasis s a way of mixing elements to stress the differences between
those elements. (Art Quizlet)
6. Variety is a principle of design concerned with diversity or contrast. It is
achieved by using different shapes, sizes, or colors in a work of art.
7. Movement is a principle of design applied to create the look and feel of
action and to guide the viewer’s eye throughout the work of art.
Analysis of the Artwork “Starry Night” by Vincent van Gogh
It is best to explain
The Principles of Art
using “The Starry
Night”, by Vincent
Vincent van Gogh, “Starry Night” van Gogh.
Source: Kentucky Art Speaks
172
Harmony is achieved in an artwork by using similar elements throughout the

composition to make sure it does not look too intricate. The regularity of the lines
throughout the painting gives it a feeling of harmony.
Rhythm is a type of movement in drawing and painting. In the painting, it is seen
in the repetition of shapes and colors. Interchanging lights and shades also give a
sense of rhythm. The lines and color pattern seen throughout the work are a great
illustration of rhythm.
Balance is a sense of stability in the artwork. Balance can be achieved by creating

a feeling of equal weight. In the painting, the large dark tree helps to balance the
bright moon in the opposite corner.
Proportion refers to the relationship of the size of objects in an artwork. The
painting has a perfect proportion, nothing looks out of place.
Emphasis in an artwork refers to the focus of interest that pull the spectator’s eye
to significant parts of the work. The emphasis in the painting is the bright yellow
moon.
Variety refers to the differences in the work. Variety is achieved by using different
shapes, textures, colors and values in an artwork. You can find variety in the bright
and dark colors as well as the cool and warm colors and in the swirls and curves of
the hills next to the sharpness in shape of the houses.
Movement adds interest to an artwork by showing action and directing the viewer’s
eye throughout the picture plane. In the painting, the dark tree moves your eye up,
the twirls and spins carry your eye to the moon, and the color in the moon leads
your eye to the light yellow streak beneath it, which in turn leads your eye back to
the dark tree.
Elements and Principles of Visual Arts
Elements of Visual Arts are the visual components of color, form, line, shape,
space, texture, and value.
1. Line is an element of art illustrated by a point moving in space. It may
be two- or three-dimensional, descriptive, implied, or abstract. Lines may be
straight, curved, angular, flowing, horizontal, vertical, diagonal, contour, thick,
thin, implied, etc. (ualr.edu)
2. Shape is an element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or restrained to
height and width. Shape can be geometrical or organic. (Art Quizlet)
3. Form is an element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses volume;
includes height, width, and depth (as in a cube, a sphere, a pyramid, or a cylinder).
Form may also be free flowing. (Art Quizlet)
173
4. Space is an element of art by which positive and negative areas are

defined or a sense of depth achieved in a work of art.
5. Color is an element of art composed of three characteristics: hue, value,
and intensity. It can be primary, secondary, mixed, complimentary,
monochromatic, decorative, warm, cool, dark, etc.
i. Hue is the name of color.
ii. Value is hue’s lightness and darkness (a color’s value changes when
adding white or black to it).
iii. Intensity is the degree of brightness and purity (high-intensity - the
color is sharp and bright; low-intensity - the color is faint and dull). (Rollins,
2015)
6. Texture is an element of art that indicates to the way things feel or look
as if they might feel if touched. Texture can be rough, smooth, real, implied,
repeating, etc. (3 Doodler Edu)
Analysis of the Artwork “The School of Athens” by Raphael Sanzio
“The School of
Athens” by
Rapahel Sanzio is
a classic example
which manifestly
embodies line,
shape, color, form,
space (its
representation)
Raphael Sanzio, “The School of Athens” and texture in a
Source: widewalls single painting.
Content The painting’s subject is not a school but an assembly of significant Greek
philosophers.
Medium The artwork was painted in fresco which means it was done on wet
plaster.
Composition The painting is done in a pyramidal arrangement which is a

prominent characteristic of Raphael and the High Renaissance.
174
Lines and Forms: Raphael gives his figures mass, bulk and weight by using
perspective, drapery, and chiaroscuro. The way the clothing of the figures falls on
their bodies gives them a sense of underlying body structure. All the lines converge
between Plato and Aristotle's heads which gives it the pyramidal composition.
There is also an interest in accurate body proportion. The painter showed a lot of
depth created by the walls and archways of the building. He used linear perspective
to make the architecture really pop out and look three-dimensional
Shape: The warm light is focused more on the people in the back, and shadow is
slightly casted upon the figures towards the front. Raphael used chiaroscuro
(Chiaroscuro refers to the use of light and dark to create the illusion of three-
dimensional volume on a flat surface) to show underlying body structure in each of
the figures and to create depth and shape.
Space: Although the painting seems crowded in some parts (especially around Plato
and Aristotle) Raphael creates a great sense of space. He used linear perspective
and has a vanishing point so the painting looks like it goes back in space. He also
paints the figures in the foreground larger than the rest which adds to the sense of
space.
Color Raphael uses mostly natural colors with lots of browns and greys. He uses
mostly warm earthly tones with some subtle blue and green cool accents. Raphael
did not use bright colors because he intended the mood to be more solemn. Value
is used well to create depth and shading.
Texture: Raphael used texture and repetition together while designing the floor and
ceiling patterns. The textures of the painting are mostly solid and flat, created by
the floor and walls. It creates the feeling that if someone touches the walls and
floors, it would be smooth.
175
Application
A. On-the-spot activity right after discussion.
Let us take a look at “Madonna”. You are given printed copies of (5) different
paintings of the “Madonna”. You need to list down at least 5 differences and 5
similarities basing on the four features (theme, mood, tone, and composition), the
elements and principles of visual arts.
B. Homework.
Let us do rock painting. You will need 2 round flat rock/stone with a smooth
surface that is around 3x3 inches diameter, acrylic paint, paintbrushes, dotting tools
or sticks with varying diameter (size 3mm-6mm). Wash the rock to remove filths
on its surface and dry. Get a set of acrylic paint and create your own design of
mandala painting and a rock painting. Apply the principles and elements of art in
your own creation. Below are samples of such paintings.
Rock Painting Mandala Painting

Source: ilovepaintedrocks.com Source: norwichlibrary.org
176
Feedback
Name: ____________________________Date: _______ Score: _______

You are provided with a printed copy of the three (3) “David” sculptures by
Michelangelo, Donatello, and Bernini. Create your own version of the artwork
using any appropriate locally available material (earth clay or modeling clay).
Discuss similarities and differences of the four (4) “David” (including your output),
on your personal appreciation of each artwork and consider the way the artworks
are presented and how the elements and principles of arts are applied.
Art Evaluation Rubric

Indicator 1 2 3 4 Score
Identify Identifies 2 Identifies 5 Identifies 5-7 Identifies more than
similarities similarities similarities similarities 7 similarities and/or
and differences and/or and/or and/or differences of the
of the differences differences of differences of artworks.
artworks. of the the artworks. the artworks.
artworks.
Identify art Mentions 1 Pinpoints at Pinpoints and Describes 4 or more
elements art element least 2 art describe at art elements used in
according to found in elements used least 3 art detail, and makes
the elements' the in the artwork. elements used connections
descriptions artwork. in the artwork. between them.
Analyze the Identifies Pinpoints at Identifies and Identifies,
artist's at least 1 least 2 design describes 3 describes, and
application of design principles design explains the
design principle used in the principles connections
principles. used in the artwork. used in the between at least 4
artwork. artwork. design principles
used in the artwork.
Interpret the Offers a Offers a Connects and Synthesizes visual
artist's intent possible meaning or analyzes the analysis of art
based on meaning or reason for the art elements elements and design
evaluation of reason for artwork with and design principles with
artwork. the remarks using principles in evidence on the
artwork. elements and terms of artwork and artist to
design artistic intent. present an
principles. evaluation.
Execution Lacks even Displays poor Displays Displays mastery of
Craftsmanship basic control of generally good medium and
control of medium or control of technique
technique technique medium and
technique
Total
Scoring Rubric
Score Rating Descriptive Value
16-20 90-95 Excellent
12-15 85-89 Very Satisfactory
8-11 80-84 Satisfactory (needs minor assistance in some topics)
4-7 75-79 Fair (needs assistance with some difficult items)
0-3 70-74 Poor (must go over and review topic intensively)
177
Enrichment Activity
Culminating Group Activity for Unit 5. Look for at least 5 different kinds of visual
arts available in the locality and make a portfolio containing the following data: a.
photo of the artwork, b. photo and name of the artist, c. time of creation of the
artwork, d. place of creation, e. style used in the creation, f. description of the
artwork, and g. short essay on your appreciation of the artwork. Final output
of this activity should be exhibited like a gallery for the community to appreciate.
Reflection
After learning the unit,

What topics in this unit made you appreciate art better?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
How will the knowledge you acquired in this unit help you in your future
career or profession?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
What do you still want to learn about visual arts that will help you become
more socially responsible?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
178
Summary of the Unit

Visual arts are those art forms appreciated or perceived primarily by sight,
which occupy space that is either two-dimensional or three-dimensional. The
categories of visual arts are fine arts, decorative arts, and contemporary arts.
Fine Arts are developed primarily for aesthetics and judged for its beauty and
meaningfulness. Examples of fine arts are painting, sculpture, drawing,
watercolor, graphics, and architecture. Decorative Arts is made for function but
retains an artistic style and still requires talent to create. It includes tapestry,
ceramics, mosaic art, glass art, jewelry, woodwork, interior design, textile arts,
and crafts. Contemporary Arts is a form of art conceived in modern times, which
include photography, art print, video art, animation, graffiti, and installation
art.
Mediums of visual arts denote the ways by which an artist communicates
his idea. These are the materials, which are used by an artist to interpret his feelings
or thoughts.
One way of doing analysis of visual arts is using theme, mood, tone, and
composition. To further understand visual arts, the elements and principles of
visual arts are used. The principles of visual arts are harmony, rhythm, balance,
proportion, emphasis, variety, and movement. The elements of visual arts are
line, shape, form, space, color, and texture.
179
References
Ariola, Mariano M. 2014. Introduction to Art Appreciation. Quezon City. C &
E Publishing, Inc.
Anirudh, 2017. 10 Most Famous Graffiti Artists in the World. Accessed on

July 2, 2019 at https://learnodo-newtonic.com/famous-graffiti-artists.
Brighenti, A. M. (2010). At the wall: graffiti writers, urban territoriality,

and the public domain. Space and Culture, 13(3), 315–332.
De La Cruz, Christa. 2016. 10 Filipino Installation Artists You Should Follow

on Instagram. Accessed on June 17, 2019 at https://www.spot.ph/arts-
culture/arts-culture-peopleparties/67004/10-filipino-installation-artists-
you-should-follow-on-instagram-a00171-20160713-lfrm
Encyclopedia of Fine Arts. n. d. Tempera Painting. Accessed on June 13, 2019

at http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/painting/tempera.html
Heidirich, Timothy. n.d. Cinematography Techniques: The Different Types of

Shots in Film. Accessed on June 17, 2019 at
https://www.oma.on.ca/en/contestpages/resources/free-report-
cinematography.pdf
Murphy, Arthur and Sklar, Robert. 2019. Motion Picture. Encyclopedia
Britannica. Accessed on May 19, 2019 at
https://www.britannica.com/art/motion-picture
Rollins, Jessica. 2015. A Recipe for Art. Phoenix High School Art
Department. http://www.phoenixhsart.com/a-recipe-for-art.html
Sabol, Robert, 2011. The Importance of Providing Quality Art Education for
AllStudents.https://www.seenmagazine.us/Articles/Article-
Detail/articleid/1818/the-importance-of-providing-quality-art-education-
for-all-students
Tabotabo, Claudio V., Ronald M. Corpuz, and Ryan F. Hidalgo. 2013.

Introduction to the Humanities and the Basics of Art Appreciation.
Intramuros, Manila. Purely Books Trading & Publishing Corp.
https://admissions.johncabot.edu
https://www.amc.com/
https://www.ancient.eu/
https://www.artistsnetwork.com/art-terms/encaustic/
180
https://www.artistnetwork.com
https://www.artradarjournal.com
http://artsanddisplay.blogspot.com/2015/02/carla-abellana-portrait-drawing.html
https://artist.com/art
https://www.austincubed.comce
https://www.bayeuxmuseum.com/en/
http://be-design.com.au
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leonardo-da-Vinci
https://www.britannica.com/
https://www.britishmuseum.org
https://cnnphilippines
https://www.choosephilppines.com
181

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Unit 6: Appreciating Visual Arts

Unit 6: Appreciating Visual Arts

a. Describe artistic styles of different visual arts;

b. Demonstrate an understanding of visual arts, as well as their subject, function,

Topic 1: Visual Artworks and Artists

At the end of this unit, students will be able to:

Activating Prior Knowledge

Artwork Title Artist

Vincent Van Gogh

Pete Docter and

Maryo delos Reyes

a. Inabel b. Madonna of the Meadows c. Spoliarium

Contemporary Arts is a form of art of today, conceived in modern times, which

Mediums of Visual Arts

A two-dimensional art includes painting, drawing, printmaking, tapestry, and

mixture of size and chalk) to form a

Anita Magsaysay-Ho, “Harvest”

Edgar Degas, “Four Ballerinas on Stage”

Leonardo da Vinci, “Monalisa”

JV Totanes, “Oldest Tattoo Artist ApoWhang-Od”

A part of the mosaic “Alexander the

the world hangs on the Villa Harvey

• Pen and Ink is executed with the use

• Charcoal is a drawing material made

• Crayons are colored sticks made

Manuel Rodriguez Sr.

the paintbrush and chisel, could be used to make an artistic statement.

• Stone includes sandstones, granite, Guillermo Tolentino, “Oblation”

• Jade is a semi-precious green or

• Ivory is the hard white or cream-

• Metals are one of the favorite

• Plaster is a mixture of lime, water, and sand, gypsum or cement. It is used

• Clay is an earthy material that consists primarily of hydrated aluminum

• Glass is a hard, brittle, transparent or

• Wood is the sculpture medium most

on architecture is venustas (beauty), utilitas (functionality), and firmitas (strength).

(3) glazing/decorating (coating the object with a glaze or applying to it decorative

Lee Unkrich, Adrian Molina, “Coco”

films are ones in which individual

Movie Production or Film Making

culture, the materials considered rare

of steel or plastic rather than gold or platinum. Furthermore, in addition to its

provide an intense experience for them is a dominant theme in installation art.

Visual Arts Artist Artworks

Name: __________________________Date: _______ Score:_______

0-5 70-74 Poor (must go over and review topic intensively)

Topic 2: Understanding the Subjects of Visual Arts and their

At the end of this unit, students will be able to:

Activating Prior Knowledge

1. a. harmony b. balance c. color

2. a. repetition b. harmony c. line

3. a. balance b. texture c. emphasis

4. a. line b. variety c. composition

5. a. symmetry b. texture c. color

Understanding Visual Art: Identifying Theme, Mood, Tone and Composition

Analysis of “The Dance of Life” by Edvard Munch

The Dance of Life by Edvard

Analysis of the Artwork “Starry Night” by Vincent van Gogh

Harmony is achieved in an artwork by using similar elements throughout the

Balance is a sense of stability in the artwork. Balance can be achieved by creating

Elements and Principles of Visual Arts

4. Space is an element of art by which positive and negative areas are

Analysis of the Artwork “The School of Athens” by Raphael Sanzio

Name: ______________________Date: _ Score:_____

Name: ________________________Date: _ Score: _____