Java Programming

Java Basics

Incheon Paik

1 Computer Industry Lab.

Java
 Contents
? Background
? Java Virtual Machine
? Application & Applet
? Class & Object
? 3 Principles of Object Oriented Programming
? Start up Java
? Variables & Assign
? String & Character
? Arithmetic Operator & Expression
? Type Conversion
? Comment
? Array
? Keywords

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Java
 Background / History
? Sun Microsystems Inc.
? James Gosling

? 1990, “Green Project”

? 1991, Develop the Language for Household Products => To
General Developing Language

? Java
? James Gosling, Arthur Van Hoff, Andy Bechtolsheim

? Coffee Materials in Indonesia

? Write once, Run everywhere

? Spread Rapidly through WWW and Internet

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Java
 Byte Code and Java Virtual Machine
? Existing Development Environment

Binary
File

Compiler(Pentium) Pentium

Source Binary
Code File

Compiler(PowerPC) PowerPC

Binary
%cc Hello.c –o Hello File
% Hello Compiler(SPARC) SPARC

Run Binary Code

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Java
 Byte Code and Java Virtual Machine
? Java Development Environment

Java
Interpreter
Java Compiler
(Pentium) Pentium
Java Java
Java
Code ByteCode
Interpreter
(Independent on
Java Compiler Platform)
PowerPC
(PowerPC)
Java
%javac Hello.java Interpreter
Hello.class created

% java Hello Java Compiler SPARC

(SPARC)
Run JVM Byte Code
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Java
 Java Program
? Java Application Program
? Application

? Program written in general programming

language

? Applet
? Program running in Web Browser Environment

? Can be viewed by appletviewer or Web browser

with JVM

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Java
 Class and Object
? Object
? Memory Space to Define State and Operation

? Instance of Class

? Class
? Template of Creating Object

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Java
 3 Principles of Object Oriented Programming
? Encapsulation
? Control Access the data and method in program code

? Inheritance
? Inherit the data and methods of parent class

? Polymorphism

Shape getArea()
Shape Obj = new Ellipse();
Obj.getArea();

Ellipse Rectangle Triangle

Which Area?

getArea() getArea() getArea()

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Java
 Java Class Library
? java.applet : Applet related
? java.awt : Abstract Window Toolkit
? java.awt.event : Event process from awt component
? java.awt.image : Image processing
? java.beans : JavaBeans Component
? java.io : File or Network I/O Support
? java.lang : Java Language Support
? java.net : Network related functions
? java.util : Utility function

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Java
 Java 2 SDK
? Java 2 Software Development Kit (Java 2 SDK)
? Java Application or Applet Development and

Running Environment

? Java 2 Runtime Environment (JRE)

? Java Running Environment

? Java 2 Standard Edition

? Java 2 Micro Edition
? Java 2 Enterprise Edition

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Java
 Java 2 SDK
? Java 2 Software Development Kit (Java 2 SDK)
? Java Application or Applet Development and

Running Environment

? Java 2 Runtime Environment (JRE)

? Java Running Environment

? Java 2 Standard Edition

? Java 2 Micro Edition
? Java 2 Enterprise Edition

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Java
 Start Java Application
Java C
Class Name Main Function
“Hello.java” “hello.c”
Main method
class Hello { void main() {
public static void main(String args[]) { printf(“Hello World\n”);
System.out.println(“Hello World”); }
}

% javac Hello.java Compile % cc hello.c –o hello

Run
% java Hello % hello

Result Hello World

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Java
 Variable and Assign
? Variable
? Type
? char 16bits Unicode character data
? boolean Boolean Variable
? byte 8 bits signed integer
? short 16 bits signed integer
? int 32 bits signed integer
? long 64 bits signed integer
? float 32 bits signed floating point number
? double 64 bits signed floating point number

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Java
 Variable and Assign
Variable Declaration
type varName; float x, y, x;

Value assign
varName = value;

int num = 100;

long m = 21234234L
double type : .5 0.8 9e-2 -9.3e-5
float type : 1.5e-3f;

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Java
 String and Character

? String : sequence of character

String s = “Enter an integer value: ” ;
Char c = ‘A’; Unicode

? Concatenation Operator ‘+’

String s = “Lincoln said: ” + “\” Four score and seven years ago\”” ;
Result :
Lincoln said: “Four score and seven years ago”

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Java
 Arithmetic Operator
? Operators
? + - * / %

? += -= *= /= %=
? ++ --

5/2 ? 2 Why isn’t it 2.5 ?

5%2 ? 1
4/2 ? 2
4%2 ? 0
? count * num + 88 / val – 19 % count

? j += 6; ? j = j + 6;

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Java
 Type Conversion in Expression
char ch; int i; float f; double outcome;
ch = ‘0’; i = 10; f = 10.2f;
outcome = ch * i / f;
int
float
double double
Yes No

double float
Yes No

float long
Yes No

long int

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Java
 Type Conversion in Assignment
? Widening Conversion
byte b = 127;
int i;
i = b;
? Narrowing Conversion
byte b;
int i = 258;
b = (byte) i;
? Wrong Conversion
byte b;
int i = 127;
b = i;
? Right Conversion (But data may be lost)
byte b;
int i = 127;
b = (byte) i;

Type Casting

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Java
 Comment
? Single Line Comment
? int i = 10 ; // i is counter

? Multiple Line Comment

/*
Some comments
*/
? Documentation Comment
/**
Using “javadoc” Tool,
Documentation Comment make document

*/

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Java
 Arrays ( One Dimensional)

Definition of One Dimensional Array

type VarName[]
int ia[];

Assign Range to One Dimensional Array

varName = new type[size]

ia = new int[10];

Declaration of One Dimensional Array with Range

type varName[] = new type[size]

int ia[] = new int[10];

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Java
 Arrays ( One Dimensional)

Number of elements in Array

varName.length

Initialization of One Dimensional Array

Type varName[] = {e0, … , en};

int j[] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int k[];
K = j;

Example 1.15

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Java
 Arrays ( Multi-Dimensional)

Definition of Two Dimensional Array

type VarName[][];
float fa[][];

Assign Range to Two Dimensional Array

varName = new type[size1][size2];

fa = new float[2][3];

Declaration of Two Dimensional Array with Range

type varName[][] = new type[size1][size2];

float fa[] = new float[2][3];

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Java
 Arrays ( Two Dimensional)

Number of elements in Multi-Dimensional Array

varName.length Number of Raw

Number of elements in Each elements of Multi-Dimensional Array

varName[index].length

Initialization of Multi-Dimensional Array

Type varName[][] = {{e00, … , e0n}, {e10,… ,e1y}, {e20, … , e2z}};

Example 1.16

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Java
 Java Keywords

? 47 Java Keywords
abstract double int super
boolean else interface switch
break extends long synchronized
byte final native this
case finally new throw
catch float package throws
char for private transient*
class goto* protected try
const* if public void
continue implements return volatile
default import short while
do instanceof static

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Java
 Exercise
? Step 1
? Refer this lecture slide #11

? Step 2 (How to make & run Applet)

? (1) Make Applet Program
import java.awt.Graphics;
public class HelloWorldApplet extends java.applet.Applet {
public void paint (Graphics g) {
g.drawString(“Hello World!”,5,25); }
} // end of Applet
? (2) Compile(using javac) to create HelloWorldApplet.class
? (3) Create HTML file (ex; HelloWorld.html) to include applet
<applet code="HelloWorldApplet.class" width="150" height="25">
? (4) Run Applet using Appletviewer or Applet enabling Web browser
% appletviewer HelloWorld.html

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Java
 Exercise
? Step 3 (Type Conversion)
? Refer this lecture slide #16,17

? Step 4 (Array)
? Refer this lecture slide #22

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Java