CIVIL ENGINEERING TRAINING CENTER (BIM-CETC) RC DESIGN

SECTION 18: BASEMENT RETAINING WALL DESIGN

1. Determine the thickness and necessary reinforcement for the basement retaining wall
shown in Figure below.
GIVEN:

• oncrete Compressive Strength: fc' = 25MPa SURCHARGE

B
• Steel Yield Strength: fy = 390MPa

kN
• Unit Weight of Reinforced Concrete:  c = 24
m3

• Height of Basement Wall: hw = 3m

hw
Hs

kN
• Soil Density (Backfill):  s = 18

hw /2
m3 Ha

hw /3
kN
• Water Density:  w = 10
m3 A
Pa Ps
kN
• Traffic/Parking Load Surcharge: w s = 2.4
m2

• Internal Friction Angle of Soil:  = 30

• Concrete/Clear Cover: cv = 40mm

• Vertical Rebar Diameter: s = 12mm

• Horizontal Rebar Diameter: h = 12mm

Prepared By: Mr. SENG PHEARAK (M.ENG, S.E) PAGE: 243

CIVIL ENGINEERING TRAINING CENTER (BIM-CETC) RC DESIGN

SOLUTION
❖ Step 1: Given Data

• Concrete compressive strength: fc' = 25MPa

• Steel Yield Strength: fy = 390MPa

kN
• Unit Weight of Reinforced Concrete:  c = 24
m3

• Height of Basement Wall: hw = 3m

kN
• Soil Density (Backfill):  s = 18
m3

kN
• Water Density:  w = 10
m3

kN
• Traffic/Parking Load Surcharge: w s = 2.4
m2

• Internal Friction Angle of Soil:  = 30

• Concrete/Clear Cover: cv = 40mm

❖ Step 2: Determine The Thickness of the Wall

• Thickness of Wall:
h   3000mm 
t w = max  w ,100mm  = max  ,190mm  = 190mm = 200mm
 25   25 

Prepared By: Mr. SENG PHEARAK (M.ENG, S.E) PAGE: 244

CIVIL ENGINEERING TRAINING CENTER (BIM-CETC) RC DESIGN

❖ Step 3: Load on Basement Wall

• Earth Pressure & Concentrated Load:
Pa = Ca  soil h w b
1 − Sin  1 − Sin30
Ca = = = 0.333333
1 + Sin  1 + Sin30
kN kN
Pa = 0.3333  18 3  3m  1m = 18
m m

kN
Pa hw 18 m  3m
Ha = = = 27kN
2 2

• Water Pressure & Concentrated Load (In Case Soil is wet: 50%):
Pw = 50% w h w b
kN kN
Pw = 50%  10 3
 3m  1m = 15
m m
kN
Pw h w 15 m  3m
Hw = = = 22.5kN
2 2

• Effect of Surcharge Load & Concentrated Load:

kN
2.4
w m2 = 0.13333m
hs = s =
 s 18 kN
m3
kN kN
Ps = Ca  s hs b = 0.333333  18 3  0.133333m  1m = 0.8
m m
kN
Hs = Ps  h w = 0.8  3m = 2.4kN
m

B B B B
RB
x

M
u.positive
hw

Hs

Ha Hw

A A A A
RA
Ps Pa Pw M
u.negative

Prepared By: Mr. SENG PHEARAK (M.ENG, S.E) PAGE: 245

CIVIL ENGINEERING TRAINING CENTER (BIM-CETC) RC DESIGN

❖ Step 4: Calculate Bending Moment & Shear Force

hw h
Mu.neg = 1.6 ( Ha + Hw ) + 1.6Hs w
7.5 8
3m 3m
Mu.neg = 1.6 ( 27kN + 22.5kN ) + 1.6  2.4kN  = 33.12kN.m
7.5 8

 ( H + H w ) h w Hs h w 
1.6  a +  − Mu.neg
 3 2 
RB =
hw
 ( 27kN + 22.5kN )  3m 2.4kN  3m 
1.6  +  − 33.12kN.m
 3 2 
RB = = 17.28kN
3m
R A = 1.6 ( Ha + Hw + Hs ) − R B = 1.6 ( 27kN + 22.5kN + 2.4kN ) − 17.28kN = 65.76kN
Vu = max ( R A ,R B ) = max (17.28kN,65.76kN ) = 65.76kN

 P + Pw  2
1.6  a  x + 1.6Ps x − R B = 0
 2h w 

 18kN / m + 15kN / m  2
1.6 
2  3m  x + (1.6  0.8kN / m ) x − 17.28kN = 0
 
x = 1.33045m
 P  P + Pw  x3 
Mu.pos = − ( −R B x ) + 1.6 s x2 + 1.6  a  
 2  2h w  3 
 0.8kN / m
( −17.18kN  1.33045m ) + 1.6 (1.33045m )2 
2
Mu.pos = −   = 14.94kN.m
 18kN / m + 15kN / m  ( )3
 1.33045m 
 +1.6   
  2  3m  3 

Prepared By: Mr. SENG PHEARAK (M.ENG, S.E) PAGE: 246

CIVIL ENGINEERING TRAINING CENTER (BIM-CETC) RC DESIGN

➢ Using CSI Etabs 2018, we get the results as following

Bending Moment Diagram Shear Force Diagram

➢ Using Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2020, we get the results as following

Surcharge Load: (Ps)

Water Pressure: (Pw)

Soil Pressure(Backfill): (Pa)

Prepared By: Mr. SENG PHEARAK (M.ENG, S.E) PAGE: 247

CIVIL ENGINEERING TRAINING CENTER (BIM-CETC) RC DESIGN

Bending Moment Diagram

Shear Force Diagram

Prepared By: Mr. SENG PHEARAK (M.ENG, S.E) PAGE: 248

CIVIL ENGINEERING TRAINING CENTER (BIM-CETC) RC DESIGN

❖ Step 5: Calculate Required Reinforcement

➢ Case: Negative Bending Moment Mu.neg = 33.12kNm

• Calculate b , max , min , 

(
1 = 0.85 17MPa  fc' = 25MPa  28MPa )
 f' 600   25MPa  600MPa 
b = 0.851  c   = 0.85  0.85     = 0.028
 fy 600 + fy   390MPa  600MPa + 390MPa 
  
 fy   390 
 0.003 +   0.003 +
max =
E s 
b =  2  105  0.028 = 0.0174
 0.008   0.008 
   
 
(
min = 0.0015 s = 10mm  16mm and fy = 390MPa  420MPa )
A v.min = min bt w = 0.0015  1000mm  200mm = 300mm2

s 12mm
d = h − cv − = 200mm − 40mm − = 154mm
2 2
Mu.neg 33.12  106 Nmm
Ru = = = 1.3965MPa
bd2 1000mm  (154mm )
2

 f '  2R u   25MPa   2  1.3965MPa 

 = 0.85 c   1 − 1 −  = 0.85    1 − 1 −  = 0.0041355
 fy  0.85f ' 
  390MPa   0.85  25MPa  0.9
  c   
 = 0.0041355  max = 0.0174
A s = bd = 0.0041355  1000mm  154mm = 636.867mm2

( )
A s.use = max ( A s , A v.min ) = max 636.867mm2 ,300mm2 = 636.867mm2

Prepared By: Mr. SENG PHEARAK (M.ENG, S.E) PAGE: 249

CIVIL ENGINEERING TRAINING CENTER (BIM-CETC) RC DESIGN

A s 636.867mm2
ns = = = 5.631  6
A s1

( 12mm )
2

4
b 1000mm
s= = = 166.66mm = 160mm
ns 6
smax = min (3t w ,450mm ) = min (3  200mm,450mm ) = 450mm
suse = min ( s,smax ) = 160mm

➢ Case: Positive Bending Moment Mu.pos = 14.94kN.m

• Calculate b , max , min , 

max = 0.0174
(
min = 0.0015 s = 10mm  16mm and fy = 390MPa  420MPa )
A v.min = min bt w = 0.0015  1000mm  200mm = 300mm2

s 12mm
d = h − cv − = 200mm − 20mm − = 174mm
2 2
Mu.neg 14.94  106 Nmm
Ru = = = 0.4934MPa
bd2 1000mm  (174mm )
2

 f'  2R u   25MPa   2  0.4934MPa 

 = 0.85 c  1 − 1 −  = 0.85   1 − 1 −  = 0.0014243
 fy
 
' 
0.85fc    390MPa   0.85  25MPa  0.9 

 = 0.0014243  max = 0.0174

A s = bd = 0.0014243  1000mm  174mm = 247.83mm2

( )
A s.use = max ( A s , A v.min ) = max 247.83mm2 ,300mm2 = 300mm2

A s.use 300mm2
ns = = = 2.6525  3
A s1

( 12mm )
2

4
b 1000mm
s= = = 333.33mm = 330mm
ns 3
smax = min (3t w ,450mm ) = min (3  200mm, 450mm ) = 450mm
suse = min ( s,smax ) = 330mm

Prepared By: Mr. SENG PHEARAK (M.ENG, S.E) PAGE: 250

CIVIL ENGINEERING TRAINING CENTER (BIM-CETC) RC DESIGN

❖ Step6: Determine Shear Force & Check Shear Capacity (Section Adequacy)
• Shear Force

Vu = 65.76kN

• Check Shear Capacity

1 1
Vc =   fc' bd = 0.75   1  25MPa  1000mm  155mm  10−3 = 96.875kN
6 6
Vc = 96.875kN  Vu = 65.76kN (OK)

Wall Thickness is Sufficient to Resist Shear Force. Shear Reinforcement is not required.
❖ Step7: Determine the Minimum Distributed Horizontal Reinforcement

(
min = 0.0025 s = 10mm  16mm and fy = 390MPa  420MPa )
A h.min = min bt w = 0.0025  1000mm  200mm = 500mm2
A h.min 500mm2
ns = = = 4.42  5
A s1

( 10mm )
2

4
b 1000mm
s= = = 200mm
ns 5
smax = min (3t w ,450mm ) = min (3  200mm,450mm ) = 450mm
suse = min ( s,smax ) = 200mm

Prepared By: Mr. SENG PHEARAK (M.ENG, S.E) PAGE: 251

CIVIL ENGINEERING TRAINING CENTER (BIM-CETC) RC DESIGN

Summary Result
Direction Location Bending Moment Diameter of Spacing of
Rebar Rebar
Exterior Face Mu.neg = 33.12kNm 12mm 160mm
Vertical Interior Face Mu.pos = 14.94kN.m 12mm 330mm

Horizontal Both Side - 12mm 200mm

DB12@200

DB12@160

DB12@330
3000

DB12@160
1000

BASEMENT WALL REINFORCEMENT DETAIL

SCALE: 1/50

Prepared By: Mr. SENG PHEARAK (M.ENG, S.E) PAGE: 252