Part - ( A )

1. How does CRT work, Explain?

A CRT monitor contains millions of tiny red, green, and blue phosphor dots that glow
when struck by an electron beam that travels across the screen to create a visible image.
If you have read How Television Works or watched What If I Shot My TV?, then you
have heard about electron guns. They sound a little bit like something out of "Star Wars,"
but they're actually the devices that are the heart of most TVs and computer monitors.
The idea behind an electron gun is to create electrons and then accelerate them to a very
high speed. In a cathode ray tube (CRT) -- the big glass tube used in most televisions and
computer monitors -- the electrons get aimed at the screen, where they light up
the phosphor on the screen to create the image.

2. Write short notes on following terms:

• Data Gloves
The glove is constructed with a series of sensors that detect hand and
finger motions. Electromagnetic coupling between transmitting antennas
and receiving antennas is used to provide information about the position
and orientation of the hand. The transmitting and receiving antennas can
each be structured as a set of three mutually perpendicular coils, forming
three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. Input from the glove can
be used to position or manipulate objects in a virtual scene. A two-
dimensional propdion of the scene can be viewed on a video monitor, or a
three-dimensional projection can be viewed with a headset.

• Tablets
The term Tablet PC was made popular in a product announced in 2001 by
Microsoft, and defined by Microsoft to be a pen-enabled computer
conforming to hardware specifications devised by Microsoft and running
"Windows XP Tablet PC Edition" operating system or a derivative
thereof.

• Light pen
A light pen is a computer input device in the form of a light-sensitive
wand used in conjunction with a computer's CRT TV set or monitor. It
allows the user to point to displayed objects, or draw on the screen, in a
similar way to a touch screen but with greater positional accuracy. A light
pen can work with any CRT-based display, but not with LCD screens
(though Toshiba and Hitachi displayed a similar idea at the "Display
2006" show in Japan), projectors and other display devices.
 • Joystick
A joystick consists of a small, vertical lever (called the stick) mounted on
a base that is used to steer the screen cursor around. Most by sticks select
screen positions with actual stick movement; others respond to ink sure on
the stick
• 3D viewing glasses.

3D Glasses Direct is the largest manufacturer of 3D glasses in the world

of 3D Glasses, including 3D anaglyph, 3D Pulfrich, 3D Polarized and
Solar Eclipse Viewers. We also manufacture Holographic Diffraction
Grating Films. See the world as you've never seen it before when your
view it through versatile 3D paper Glasses from 3D Glasses Direct.
Designed to add color, flair and marketing magic to any kind of event.
They're perfect for fireworks and laser light shows, eclipses, sporting
events, festivals, fundraisers, advertising and 3-D viewing of all kinds!

3. Discuss various types of graphics processors and tools.

There are various graphics processors like we can say them as graphics card too. We
use usually these processors as to enhance the video quality and resolution of games,
movies and video clips .So there are following graphic processors:-

a) ATI RADEON GRAPHICS PROCESSOR

b) NVIDIA GRAPHICS PROCESSOR

Now the various graphics tools are:-

a) Bitmap based Editors

b) Vector based Editors
c) Object based Editors.
 Part - (B)

4. Which algorithm is more efficient between DDA line drawing algorithm and
Bresenham’s Algorithm and why?
1. It drift away from the actual line path because of rounding off float values to
integer
2. It causes jaggies or stair-step effect.

Disadvantage:
The accumulation of round of error is successive addition of the floating point increments is
used to find the pixel position but it take lot of time to compute the pixel position.

the standard version of dda given as in one of its steps as :-

if(abs(dx)>abs(dy)) steps=abs(dx);
else steps=abs(dy);

this part just supports the positive slop with starting point on left side. Take an example of
any other end points as {(8,3) to (2,2) or (4,5) to ( 8,2) or (8,3) to (5,5) } where the slop
needs to be negative( for the last two cases) only.

5. Write an algorithm to draw a Dash line.

1. Input the two line endpoints and store the left endpoint in (xo ,y o)
2. Load (xo, yo into the frame buffer; that is, plot the first point.
3. Calculate constants Ax, hy, 2Ay, and 2Ay - ZAr, and obtain the starting
value for the decision parameter as
po = 2Ay - AX)
4. At each xk along the line, starting at k = 0, perform the following test:
If Pr < 0, the next point to plot is (g + I, yd and
P ~ +=I P k + ~ A Y
Otherwise, the next point to plot is (xi + I , yr + 1) and
pk+, = pk + 2Ay - 2Ax
5. Kepeat step 4 Ax times.

6. What are the various applications of Computer Graphics in Engineering and

technology sciences?

In Engineering and Technology there are various applications like:-

1. User Interface
2. Making Charts
3. Office Automation
4. Desktop Publishing
5. CAD/CAM
6. Art & Commerce
7. Process Controling