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Internal Configuration
Components
• RAM/DRAM: RAM content is lost when
you power down or restart.
• Stores:
• routing tables
• ARP cache
• fast-switching cache
• packet buffering
• packet hold queues
• temporary and/or running memory for the router’s
configuration file (running-config)
RAM for Working Storage
• RAM is the working storage area for the
router.
Interfaces are:
• on the motherboard
• on separate interface modules.
Router Setup and Startup
Overview of System Startup
• When a Cisco router powers up, it performs
a power-up self-test.
• During this self-test, the router executes
diagnostics from ROM on all hardware
modules.
• These diagnostics verify the basic operation
of the CPU, memory, and network
interface ports.
After the power-up self test on the router, the
following events occur as the router
initializes:
Step 1 - The generic bootstrap loader, in
ROM, executes on the CPU card.
• A bootstrap is a simple, preset operation to
load instructions that in turn cause other
instructions to be loaded into memory, or
cause entry into other configuration modes.
Step 2 - The operating system (Cisco IOS)
can be found in one of several places.
• The location is disclosed in the boot field of
the configuration register. (later)
• If the boot field indicates a Flash, or
network load, boot system commands in
the configuration file indicate the exact
location of the image.
• Default is Flash.
Step 3 - The operating system image is
loaded.
• Then, when it is loaded and operational, the
operating system locates the hardware and
software components and lists the results on
the console terminal.