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HOSEA
Bruce Leonard
NAME: Hosea means “Jehovah is salvation”
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND:
Hosea was the last to prophesy before the northern kingdom fell to
Assyria (about 722 B.C.). When he began his ministry the northern
kingdom was experiencing a peace and prosperity not experienced
since the days of Solomon. This prosperity led Israel to moral
decay. They turned from God to worship idols. God instructed
Hosea to marry a wife of whoredom. Her unfaithfulness would
serve as a living illustration of Israel’s apostasy and God’s love for
this unfaithful nation. Hosea then gives God’s complaint against
Israel and warns that punishment would come if they did not return
to God and be faithful to him. Hosea shows the deep love God has
for his people and that he would not tolerate idolatry.
DATE:
Prophesied in reigns of:
JUDAH ISRAEL
Uzziah 783-742 B.C. Jeroboam II 786-746 B.C.
Jotham 745-735
Ahaz 735-715
Hezekiah 715-687
1
MEMORABLE EPIGRAMS: The Lord is Angry with Israel – 13:1-16
1. 4:6 – My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge; because
you have rejected knowledge, I reject you from being a priest to me. S G L F S I O N E S P H E C U B S
2. 4:9 – I will punish them for their ways and repay them for their M H R S P G C M M A L D O P E N N
deeds. H D E A Y V W R O I V R E R E H W
3. 6:4 – What shall I do with you, O Ephraim? What shall I do with
V T E O Z O B I A S S N I B D Z P
you, O Judah? Your love is like a morning cloud, like the dew that
goes early away. S B R L L E R D E F N T E W B F V
4. 6:6 – For I desire steadfast love and not sacrifice, the knowledge K S R I L G D T E D T A P M S O L
of God rather than burnt offerings. B L I E B I N G S R R S R A V S R
5. 8:7 – For they sow the wind, and they shall reap the whirlwind. S B F K A D F I B E R O M L S G C
6. 10:7 – Samaria’s king shall perish like a twig on the face of the L K B R Z S L D S E D U U E K N R
waters.
G U I C L E T I I I A T C G N A E
7. 10:12 – Sow for yourselves righteousness; reap steadfast love;
break up your fallow ground, for it is the time to seek the LORD N R N L P E G E H E R R G N H P P
that he may come and rain righteousness upon you. I W O W L L O U M C D E D U I T L
8. 11:1 – When Israel was a child, I loved him, and out of Egypt I T E O I I F A P I D E A T H C W E
called my son. S B M D V S U G A L P S G H H I H
9. 12:1 – Ephraim feeds on the wind and pursues the east wind all G R O W N A E L U R T U L G A N Z
day long; they multiply falsehood and violence; they make a
U C E D S I S W L E D R M C F D W
covenant with Assyria, and oil is carried to Egypt.
10. 13:14 – Shall I ransom them from the power of Sheol? Shall I K R U L M S W B W Y S Y N D F O E
redeem them from Death? O Death, where are your plagues? O
Sheol, where is your sting? Compassion is hidden from my eyes. BEAR GUILT RISING
BREAST HELPER ROBBED
CHAFF INCURRED SAVIOR
STEPS TO RUIN: CHILDBIRTH KISS SHEOL
The successive steps taken by Israel that led them down the road of CRAFTSMEN LEOPARD SKILLFULLY
ruin and led to helplessness and destruction: CUBS LURK STING
DEATH MIST SWIRLS
DESTROYS ONES TREASURY
1. Lack of knowledge 4:6 DIED OPEN UNWISE
2. Pride 5:5 DROUGHT PANGS WHERE
3. Instability 6:4 FILLED PLAGUES WIND
4. Worldliness 7:8 GRAZED RANSOM WINDOW
5. Corruption 9:9
6. Backsliding 11:7
7. Open Idolatry 13:2
2 47
Israel’s Defeat Because of Sin – 10:9-15 CONCISE OUTLINE OF HOSEA:
I. THE TRAGEDY OF UNFAITHFULNESS – 1 – 3
T S U M P H S E R H T B Q S A. An Unusual Marriage – 1:2-3
C D H A E B I G N E Y B R N B. A Symbolic Family – 1:4-9
G F A I R F W S P A R E D P 1. The Name of Jezreel – 1:4-5
2. Lo-ruhamah – 1:6-7
A S S E N S U O E T H G I R
3. Lo-ammi – 1:8-9
D N E Y Q P D S B T D E N I 4. Reversal of the Names – 1:10 – 2:1
E G S S R C H E O F L D J N C. An Extended Metaphor: The Adulterous Wife – 2:2-7
T W F D A A O M P B A W U I 1. Her Shameless Profligacy – 2:2
S O K N L E F N U A G J S Q 2. Her Certain Punishment – 2:3-4
U L E M J N L O T D E F T U 3. Her Disgusting Behavior – 2:5
4. Her Future Repentance – 2:6-7
R P A G A M D P J I Q R I I
D. A Concrete Illustration: Perverted Prosperity – 2:8-13
T N U T L U M U T U N K C T 1. The Source of Prosperity Ignored – 2:8
Y D E S T R O Y E D Y U E Y 2. The Removal of Prosperity Threatened – 2:9-11
N E C K W O L L A F C F E J 3. The Abuse of Prosperity Reiterated – 2:12-13
U T S U J N U H A R R O W D E. A Triumphant Announcement: Love Wins Out – 2:14-23
1. A New Courtship – 2:14-15a
CONTINUED INJUSTICE SHALMAN 2. A New Response – 2:15b-17
DESTROYED MOTHERS SPARED 3. A New Covenant – 2:18
DOUBLE MUST THRESH 4. A New marriage – 2:19-20
FAIR NECK TRUSTED 5. A New Prosperity – 2:21-22
FALLOW PLEASE TUMULT
6. A New Privilege – 2:23
GIBEAH PLOW UNJUST
HARROW REAPED F. An Action Parable: Love Risks All – 3:1-5
INIQUITY RIGHTEOUSNESS 1. Love for a Fallen Woman – 3:1
2. Loving Discipline – 3:2-3
3. Symbolic Significance – 3:4
4. Prophetic Anticipation – 3:5
6 43
Israel and Judah are Unrepentant – 6:1 – 7:16 LESSONS OF VALUE:
1. Nothing can quench the love of God.
A F O D H E D G Z W X B I Y B W U G 2. God experiences deep pain when He is abandoned by his people.
A D N T R U O V O D S O C A A A H N 3. The marriage relationship is sacred..
N I U I O E P U O D B W N G S U G I 4. Tragedy follows when one heeds unworthy teachers.
5. There is no double standard of morality in God’s plans.
B V S L S E L V N O N D B X K Y U O
6. Sin destroys man’s ability to make moral decisions.
R E C A T D E A K E I L N E A X O G 7. Divorce is not a solution. It is merely an effort to escape.
D E K P U E B Z L T A H U R E I D M 8. Worship of God is not acceptable unless one worships with the
G V Y P L G R L S Z D G G S R K I E right spirit (attitude).
A I E R C I A E E D I B R U B A L Z 9. Corrupt leaders will quickly corrupt a nation.
S L H O K F G S R R E E X C R B F H 10. Good relationships are important because one can become like
those whom they associate.
H H T A N L T H T S O B P H I N G A
11. Forgiveness and restoration to God’s favor is found in genuine
F E G C E A K N T D S S P R O U F I repentance.
A A N H A E I O L S E E R I O H H R 12. A nation’s inward corruption causes it more harm than external
L T I Z D H V I E C I O S H C W E S adversaries.
S A L D I E V X N S H I T C E R W B 13. Unfaithfulness to God is the root from which all other sins
E A L E N E I I W A R L H L A E N G spring forth..
L D A E G M R O B E A V O B S K G C
Y A C D R P N V D R I E H T E A E B
Y M G S Y K G N I N R O M C S B L D
CHAPTER 1 R A I S I N S G G A M
U H M I N E E T F I F
1. To whom did the word of the Lord come to? (v. 1) L E B L E T H E C H U
P D A V I D D W E L L
2. Whose son was he?
P D H O U S E H O L D
3. Which kings reigned in Judah? I A D U L T E R E S S
L K B H O M E R L T T
4. Which king reigned in Israel? L E P H O D C A K E S
A S S E N D O O G K O
5. What did the Lord tell Hosea to do? (v. 2)
R G O S R B O U G H T
6. What kind? D F F W I T H O U T M
8 40
Hosea’s Marriage and Children – 1:1 – 2:1 16. What would come to an end?
29. What will the children of Judah and Israel do? (v. 11)
40 9
CHAPTER 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. What would they say to their brothers? (v. 1) Carson, D. A. New Bible Commentary : 21st Century Edition. 4th ed.
Leicester, England; Downers Grove, Ill., USA: Inter-Varsity Press,
1994.
2. What would they say to their sisters?
Freeman, James M. and Harold J. Chadwick. Manners & Customs of the
3. With whom would the plead? (v. 2) Bible. Rev. ed.]. North Brunswick, NJ: Bridge-Logos Publishers, 1998.
12. What had their mother done? (v. 5) Winton, Bob. Outlined Commentary on The Minor Prophets. 1992
13. How had she acted? Yates, Kyle M. Preaching from the Prophets. Nashville: Broadman
Press, 1942.
10 39
5. What would they not ride on? 14. What did she say she would go after?
6. What would they not say to the work of their hands? 15. What did they giver her?
7. What do the orphans find? 16. What would be hedged up? (v. 6)
9. How would God love them? 18. What would she not find?
10. What did God turn from them? 19. What would she pursue? (v. 7)
11. What would God be like to Israel? (v. 5) 20. Would she find them?
12. How will they grow? 21. What would she say she would do?
13. How would they take root? 22. Why would she do this?
14. What would his beauty be like? (v. 6) 23. What had he given her? (v. 8)
15. What would his smell be like? 24. What had these things been used for?
16. How would those who return flourish? (v. 7) 25. What would be taken back? (v. 9)
17. How would they grow? 26. What was used to cover her nakedness?
18. What does God do for Ephraim? (v. 8) 27. What would be uncovered? (v. 10)
19. What would God belike? 28. Who would deliver her?
20. What would the wise be able to do? (v. 9) 29. What would he put an end to? (v. 11)
21. What are the ways of the Lord? 30. What would be destroyed? (v. 12)
32. Who had given them to her? 20. What comes upon Ephraim? (v. 13)
33. What would they be made into? 21. What would they be ransomed from? (v. 14)
34. What would eat them? 22. What would they be redeemed from?
35. For what would she be punished? (v. 13) 23. What is hidden from God’s eyes?
36. What had she offered to Baal? 24. What would come from the wilderness? (v. 15)
37. What had she adorned herself with? 25. What would be dry?
38. What had she gone after? 26. What would happen to the treasury?
39. Who had she forgotten? 27. What would happen to Samaria? (v. 16)
40. What would the Lord do to her? (v. 14) 28. What had Samaria done?
41. Where would he bring her? 29. What would happen to their infants?
42. How would he speak to her? 30. What would happen to the pregnant women?
12 37
6. What would they be like? (v. 3) 48. What would he remove from her mouth? (v. 17)
7. From what land was the Lord their God? (v. 4) 53. How would he betroth them?
8. Who would they not know? 54. Who will they know? (v. 20)
9. Where did God know them? (v. 5) 55. What would the Lord do in that day? (v. 21, 22)
10. Why did they forget God? (v. 6) 56. Upon whom would the Lord have mercy? (v. 23)
11. What would God be to them? (v. 7) 57. What would he say to those who are not his people?
12. How would He come upon them? (v. 8) 58. What will they say?
14. How would He devour them? 1. What did the Lord tell Hosea to do? (v. 1)
16. Who was their helper? 3. What had they turned to?
17. Why did God give them a king? (v. 11) 4. How much did he buy her for? (v. 2)
18. Why did God take away their king? 5. How should she live? (v. 3)
36 13
6. What should she not do? 21. How did God speak to them? (v. 10)
7. Who should she not belong to? 22. What did he multiply?
8. What would the children of Israel dwell without for many days? 23. What did he give through the prophets?
(v. 4)
24. Where did they sacrifice? (v. 11)
a.
25. What were their altars?
b.
26. Where did Jacob flee? (v. 12)
c.
27. How did Israel serve?
d.
28. How did the Lord bring them from Egypt? (v. 13)
e.
29. Who provoked the Lord? (v. 14)
f.
30. What would the Lord leave upon him?
9. What would the children of Israel do? (v. 5)
31. Why would the Lord repay him?
10. Who would they seek?
14 35
4. Who did they make a covenant with? 4. What was found in the land? (v. 2)
5. What is carried into Egypt? 5. What did the land do? (v. 3)
6. Who else does the Lord have a problem with? (v. 2) 6. What did those who dwell in the land do?
7. How would Jacob be punished? 7. What was taken away from the land?
8. When did Jacob take his brothers heel? (v. 3) 8. What were they told not to do? (v. 4)
9. With whom did Jacob strive (have power)? 9. When would they fall? (v. 5)
10. Did he prevail over the angel? (v. 4) 10. Who would fall at night?
12. What is his memorial? (v. 5) 12. Why were the people destroyed? (v. 6)
13. Who were they to turn to? (v. 6) 13. Why were they lacking?
14. What were they to keep? 14. Why were they rejected?
15. How were they to wait on God? 15. What had they forgotten?
16. What were in the hands of merchants? (v. 7) 16. Who would God forget?
17. What did he love to do? 17. What happened as they increased? (v. 7)
18. What did Ephraim say he had become? (v. 8) 18. What Would God change their glory into?
19. What did he say could not be found in his labors? 19. What did they eat up (feed on)? (v. 8)
20. Where would God make them dwell? (v. 9) 20. What were they greedy for?
34 15
21. Why would they be punished? (v. 9) 18. What would He not do for them?
22. What would be reward? 19. How was His heart? (v. 8)
23. What is the result of their eating? (v. 10) 20. What would He not execute? (v. 9)
24. What would be the results of their whoredom? 21. Why would He not destroy Ephraim?
25. Why would they not multiply? 22. Who was in their midst?
26. What takes away their heart (understanding)? (v. 11) 23. How would He not come?
27. Of whom do the people seek counsel? (v. 12) 24. How shall they go? (v. 10)
28. What gives them oracles? 25. What will happen when He roars?
29. What led them astray? 26. How will they tremble? (v. 11)
30. What did they leave God to do? 27. Where will they return?
31. Where did they offer sacrifices? (v. 13) 28. What did Ephraim do? (v. 12)
32. Where did they burn incense? 29. What did Israel do?
33. What did their daughters do? 30. What did Judah do?
16 33
CHAPTER 11 38. Where were they not to go?
1. When did God love them? (v. 1) 39. What were they not to swear?
2. Where did he call them from? 40. What was Israel like? (v. 16)
3. What did they sacrifice to? (v. 2) 41. What was Ephraim joined to? (v. 17)
4. To what did they burn offerings (incense)? 42. What did they do when their drink was gone? (v. 18)
5. What was Ephraim taught? (v. 3) 43. What did the rulers love?
6. What did they not know? 44. Why would they be ashamed? (v. 19)
32 17
10. What did their deed prevent them from doing? (v. 4) 25. What was Ephraim like? (v. 11)
11. What was in their midst? 26. What would happen to Ephraim?
12. Who did they not know? 27. What would happen to Judah?
13. What testified to his face? (v. 5) 28. What would happen to Jacob?
14. Who would fall in their guilt? 29. What were they to sow? (v. 12)
15. Who would fall with them? 30. How were they to reap?
16. With what would they go? (v. 6) 31. What was it time for?
17. Who would they seek? 32. What did they plow? (v. 13)
18. Would they find him? 33. What did they reap?
19. What had the Lord done? 34. What did they eat?
20. With who had they dealt treacherously (faithlessly)? (v. 7) 35. What did they trust in?
21. What kind of children had they borne? 36. What would the result be? (v. 14)
22. What would devour them? 37. Who did Shalman destroy?
23. Where were they to blow the horn? (v. 8) 38. What happened to the mothers?
24. Where were they to blow the trumpet? 39. Why would this be done to them? (v. 15)
25. Where were they to cry or sound the alarm? 40. What would happen in the morning?
18 31
8. How would judgment spring up? 27. Among whom did he make known what would happen?
9. Who would tremble? (v. 5) 28. What were the princes of Judah like? (v. 10)
10. What do the people mourn for? 29. What would the Lord do to them?
13. Why? 32. What would the Lord be to Ephraim? (v. 12)
14. What would Israel be ashamed of? 33. What would he be to Judah?
15. Who would perish? (v. 7) 34. What did Ephraim see? (v. 13)
17. What would be destroyed? (v. 8) 36. Where did Ephraim go?
18. What would grow on the altars? 37. What was not able to happen?
19. What would they want the mountains and hills to do? 38. What would the Lord be like to Ephraim? (v. 14)
20. How long had Israel sinned? (v. 9) 39. What would he be like to Judah?
21. What would over take them? 40. What would the Lord do?
22. When would they be disciplined? (v. 10) 41. Who would be able to rescue them?
23. Who would be gathered against them? 42. Where would the Lord go? (v. 15)
24. What binds them up? 43. How long would he be there?
30 19
CHAPTER 6 34. What was in Gilgal? (v. 15)
1. To whom are they to return? (v. 1) 35. Why did God hate them?
2. What will the Lord do since he has torn? 36. What would he do to them?
3. What will the Lord do to the smitten? 37. What are their princes?
4. What will he do after two days? (v. 2) 38. What is the result of Ephraim being stricken? (v. 16)
5. What will he do after the third day? 39. What would happen when they gave birth?
6. Where would they live? 40. Who would reject them? (v. 17)
8. How would the Lord come? 42. What would they be?
20 29
17. Who is a fool? 17. What did he not desire?
18. Who is mad? 18. What did he desire more than burnt offerings?
20. Who was with God? (v. 8) 20. How did they act toward God?
21. What was his ways? 21. What kind of city was Gilead? (v. 8)
22. What did they do to themselves? (v. 9) 22. How did the priests behave? (v. 9)
23. What would God do? 23. What did they commit?
24. What would God remember? 24. What did he see in the house of Israel? (v. 10)
25. How did God find Israel? (v. 10) 25. What was in Ephraim?
26. How did God wee their fathers? 26. What happened to Israel?
27. Where did they go? 27. What did he appoint (set) for Judah? (v. 11)
28. What did they do there? 28. When would this happen?
32. Where would Ephraim lead his children? 2. What did they do?
33. What would the Lord give them? (v. 14) 3. What did the thief do?
28 21
4. What did the robbers do? CHAPTER 9
5. How did they make the king glad? (v. 2) 1. What was Israel not to do? (v. 1)
7. What are they all called? (v. 3) 3. What would not feed them? (v. 2)
9. What happened on “the day of our king?” (v. 5) 5. Where would they not remain? (v. 3)
10. Who did he stretch out his hand with? 6. Where would Ephraim return?
11. What was their hearts like? (v. 6) 7. What would they eat?
12. What happened in the morning? 8. What would they not give to the Lord? (v. 4)
13. What are they all hot like? (v. 7) 9. What would not please the Lord?
14. Who did they devour? 10. What would their sacrifices be like?
15. What happened to their kings? 11. What would happen to those who eat the bread?
16. Who called upon him? 12. Who would gather them? (v. 6)
17. Who did Ephraim mix with? (v. 8) 13. Who would bury them?
18. What kind of cake is Ephraim like? 14. What will possess their precious things?
19. Who devoured his strength? (v. 9) 15. What will be in their tents?
20. What did he not know was on him? 16. What days have come to them? (v. 7)
22 27
37. What would God with them? (v. 10) 21. What testified to his face? (v. 10)
38. Why would the sorrow (writhe)? 22. Where did they not return?
39. What did Ephraim have many of? (v. 11) 23. What is Ephraim like? (v. 11)
40. What did these things become for Ephraim? 24. Who did they call?
42. What had God written for them? (v. 12) 25. Where did they go?
43. How was it regarded? 26. What would the Lord do when they go? (v. 12)
47. What would God punish? 27. Why did he pronounce a woe upon them? (v. 13)
51. What did Judah multiply? 28. From what had they not cried? (v. 14)
52. What would God send upon their cities? 29. Where did they cry from?
53. What would it devour? 30. For what did they assemble themselves?
26 23
32. What do they do?
11. What did they make with their silver and gold?
33. To whom did they not return? (v. 16)
12. What were they made for?
34. What are they like?
13. What did God reject? (v. 5)
35. How would their princes fall?
14. What burns against them?
36. Why?
15. Where did the one come from who made the idol? (v. 6)
24 25