Geography isn’t just about landscapes, weather, or ocean bodies.

It is about facts describing the

entire human race living on multiple continents who have diverse cultures. In this work,
information about all the continents of the Earth will be shown. For long years, scholars have
studied these places, its creeds, its countries, and their sociological make up. Today, more
people have a greater appreciation of cultural diversity than ever before. We live in such
changing times from the fight against the coronavirus to political change in the world. That is
why we believe in the Dream. The Dream is basically the proclamation that every human being
is created equal, and the goal of justice for all is firmly advocated by us thoroughly.
FILE PHOTO: 2016 Rio Olympics - Athletics - Final - Women's 4 x
100m Relay Final - Olympic Stadium - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil -
19/08/2016. Christania Williams (JAM) Elaine Thompson (JAM)
Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM) and Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce
(JAM) of Jamaica celebrate after winning silver REUTERS/David
Gray.

Contents
1. The Introduction
2. Africa
3. Asia
4. North America
5. South America
6. Europe
7. Oceania
8. Antarctica
9. Conclusion
There is value in geography. For
thousands of years, human beings
have worked hard to understand
lands, culture, topography,
geology, demographics,
population, and other parts of the
geographic cosmology. Today, we
live in a new time after two
decades of the twenty-first
century. When you learn about
the growth of infrastructure, you
are researching geography. When
you're learning about trade and
basic avenues of journeys,
geography is part of the equation.
With the advancement of the
Internet and other forms of
technology, geographic research is
commonplace. As time goes on,
more people witness the diversity
of humanity. We went from
having hunter-gathering societies
to see the existence of large,
metropolitan urban locations like
New York City, London, Hong
Kong, and Lagos. Long ago, horse
travel was common, and now we
see more space travel being
abundant. In urban and rural
locations, there is the evaluation of
infrastructure, land territories,
rivers, income, health, education,
and other indicators of human life.
One example is that a city like
New York City (filled with five
boroughs, almost 9 million
people, and numerous water
supplies) relies on trade,
commerce, and the utilization of
its resources to promote its highest
potential.
Comparing continents is
important, because we see how
much value each continent has in
the world society. We know of
Africa being blessed with many
resources and great people. We
know of North America and
South America having a strong
Native American culture along
with its influences felt worldwide.
We know of Asia being the
birthplace of so many spiritual
systems and other facets of
civilizations. Europe has a myriad
of geographic characteristics and
an interesting history. Australia is
filled with power and creativity.
Antarctica is a location that is very
cold and explorers still amaze at its
wonder. Oceania has some of the
most diverse people in the world
along with great history.
Africa is the Motherland. Therefore, it is very important to understand its complex geography and cultures.
Geography doesn’t just deal with land and rivers. It relates to the culture and demographics of the people that
reside in the lands. It focuses on trade, transportation, and other forms of infrastructure. Humanity originated
from Africa and migrated to the four corners of the Earth. Africa has the second largest population of any
continent on Earth. It has about 1,225,080,510 people as of 2016. Africa also has the second largest land size on
Earth with 11,730,000 sq. miles in area. Its population density is 94 square miles. Africa has a very diverse
amount of ethnicities, cultures, and languages. That is why folks know about the Yoruba culture and the
Xhosa culture. As for the demographics of Africa, Africa’s population has grown massively since the end of
the last century (i.e. the 20th century). Africa has a very large youth population too. The most populous
African country is Nigeria with 206 million inhabitants as of 2020 and a growth rate of 2.6% p.a. There are
human development index studies in Africa too. Africa reached more than one billion by 2009. According to
U.N. estimates, Africa may reach 2.5 billion people in 2050 and 4.5 billion people by 2100. Africa’s population
has grown because of lower infant mortality, an increase of life expectancy, and no reduction in the fertility
rate. There are many ethnic groups in Africa. Africans who speak Bantu languages (or part of the Niger-
Congo family) live mostly in southern, central, and southeast Africa. The Bantu peoples traveled from West
Africa’s savanna to most of Africa. Nilotic groups in South Sudan and East Africa have traveled in Africa too
along with the Swahili people, and the indigenous Khoisan (San and Khoikhoi) people. Pygmy peoples are
found in southern and central Africa. Bantu-speaking Africans also predominate in Gabon and Equatorial
Guinea, and are found in parts of southern Cameroon. In the Kalahari Desert of Southern Africa, there are
other people as well.

The Niger–Congo-speaking Yoruba, Igbo, Fulani, Akan and Wolof ethnic groups are the largest and most
influential ethnic groups of Western Africa. In the central Sahara, Mandinka or Mande groups are most
significant. Chadic-speaking groups, including the Hausa, are found in the more northerly parts of the region
nearest to the Sahara and Nilo-Saharan communities such as the Kanuri. Zarma and Songhai are present in
eastern parts of West Africa bordering Central Africa. North Africa has Berbers, Egyptians, Libyans, and Nilo-
Saharan peoples. North Africa has a large Arabic population by the Muslim settlers who came into Africa by
the 7th century. The descendants of the Phoenicians, the Hyksos, Greeks, Romans, and Vandals lived in
North Africa thousands of years ago. Tuareg people like in Mauritania and other parts of North Africa. Afro-
Asiatic speaking peoples are common in Egypt and Sudan. Ethnic groups like the Oromo, Somalia, Habesha,
etc. live in the Horn of Africa. Madagascar has its own ethnic groups too. The Malagasy people of Madagascar
are Austronesian people and native African people, but those along the coast are generally mixed with Bantu,
Arab, Indian and European origins. Malay and Indian ancestries are also important components in the group
of people known in South Africa as Cape Coloureds (people with origins in two or more races and continents).

Africa is the largest of the three great southward projections from the largest landmass on Earth. Africa is
separated from Europe by the Mediterranean Sea. It is joined to Asia its northeast extremity by the Isthmus
of Suez (transected by the Suez Canal). Africa is surrounded by the African tectonic plate. It has 63 political
territories. Mount Kilimanjaro is the largest mountain of Africa and its largest lake is Lake Victoria. The
average elevation of Africa is about 2,000 ft. above sea level. Coastal plains surround Africa along with the
Atlas range. Deserts, plateaus, and tropical forests are around Africa. Farther north the western hollow, known
as the Albertine Rift, is occupied for more than half its length by water, forming the Great Lakes of
Tanganyika, Kivu, Lake Edward and Lake Albert, the first-named over 400 miles (640 km) long and the
longest freshwater lake in the world. Mt. Kilimanjaro is 19,340 feet tall. Mt. Kenya is 17,058 feet tall. Many
rivers in Africa got into the basin of the Atlantic Ocean.
 AEROSPACE RESEARCH ENGINEER AND A LOVER OF STEM

She is a trailblazer as the first

black woman to obtain a Ph.D.
degree in aerospace engineering
from the University of Texas at
Arlington. She is the Special
Emphasis Programs Manager for
Women at Ames. She earned her
“As you look for Ph.D. at 26 years old (at 2015).
She earned her secondary
mentors, remember education at Queen’s College,
which is an all-girls school at
to mentor others Lagos, Nigeria. She has worked
with NASA too. Today, she is the
too.” aerospace research engineer in
the Intelligent Systems Division
at NASA Ames Research Center.
Wendy Okolo is a blessed black
-Dr. Wendy Okolo African woman.

She won the Amelia Earhart Dr. Wendy A. Okolo won the 2019 She earned her University of
Fellowship in 2012. She was born Black Engineer of the Year Award Texas at Arlington Distinguished
in Nigeria. for Most Promising Engineer in Recent Graduate Award in 2019
the U.S. Government. too.
To the main African rivers belong: Nile (the longest river of Africa), Congo (river with the highest water
discharge on the continent) and the Niger, which flows half of its length through the arid areas. The largest
lakes are the following: Lake Victoria (Lake Ukerewe), Lake Chad, in the center of the continent, Lake
Tanganyika, lying between the Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, Tanzania and Zambia. There is
also the considerably large Lake Malawi stretching along the eastern border of one of the poorest countries
in the world -Malawi. There are also numerous water dams throughout the continent: Kariba on the river
of Zambezi, Aswan in Egypt on the river of Nile and the biggest dam of the continent lying completely in
republic of Ghana is called Akosombo on the Volta River (Fobil 2003). The high lake plateau of the African
Great Lakes region contains the headwaters of both the Nile and the Congo. The upper Nile goes from
Central Africa, Lake Victoria, and then into the Nile to the Mediterranean Sea from the vast delta with
fertile lands. African islands are small except for Madagascar. Other African islands are Mauritius, Reunion,
Bioko, Cape Verde, etc.

Cheick Modibo Diarra is a
Malian born aerospace
engineer who contributed
to many NASSA missions
like as Mars Pathfinder, the
Galileo spacecraft, and the
Mars Observer.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
is a great Nigerian writer.
Her works are diverse from
novels to short stories to
nonfiction. She has
bachelors and master’s
degrees.
Angeline Makore of
Zimbabwe is fighting for the
rights of girls and women in
Africa. She has rescued
victims of child marriage
and sexual abuse. She is the
founder of Spark R.E.A.D.
(Resilience, Empowerment,
Activism, and
Development).
Daniel Nii Ankrah of Ghana
is a social activist who
wants to help Ghana reach
its highest potential. He has
promoting democracy,
leadership, and
environmental justice in
Ghana all the time.
Africa’s climate is heavily situated on the equator. So, it has tropical climates in many areas of the continent.
The lower plains and deserts of Africa have great heat. The contrast of temperatures between day and night
are real. There are temperature zones in southern Africa. The most important climatic differences are due to
variations in the amount of rainfall. The wide heated plains of the Sahara, and in a lesser degree the
corresponding zone of the Kalahari in the south, have an exceedingly scanty rainfall. The winds which blow
over them from the ocean losing part of their moisture as they pass over the outer highlands, and becoming
constantly drier owing to the heating effects of the burning soil of the interior. Yet, the scarcity of mountain
ranges in the more central parts likewise tends to prevent condensation. In the inter-tropical zone of
summer precipitation, the rainfall is greatest when the sun is vertical or soon after. It is therefore greatest of
all near the equator, where the sun is twice vertical, and less in the direction of both tropics. Africa has
tropical, subarctic, and other climates. The northern half of Africa is mostly desert or arid. Its central and
southern areas contain both savanna plains and dense jungle (rainforest) regions. In between, there is a
convergence, where vegetation patterns such as Sahel and steppe dominate. Africa is the hottest continent
on Earth and 60% of the entire land surface consists of drylands and deserts. Africa has the largest
combination of density and range of freedom of wild animal populations on Earth. It has lions, hyenas,
cheetahs, elephants, camels, giraffes, etc. Abundant with natural resources, it has massive poverty and
infrastructure at the same time. The African Union is one international body that helps Africa. In a recently
published analysis based on World Values Survey data, the Austrian political scientist Arno Tausch
maintained that several African countries, most notably Ghana, perform quite well on scales of mass
support for democracy and the market economy. The continent is believed to hold 90% of the world's
cobalt, 90% of its platinum, 50% of its gold, 98% of its chromium, 70% of its tantalite, 64% of its
manganese, and one-third of its uranium.

The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has 70% of the world's coltan, a mineral used in the
production of tantalum capacitors for electronic devices such as cell phones. The DRC also has more than
30% of the world's diamond reserves. Guinea is the world's largest exporter of bauxite. China in recently
years have traded heavily in Africa. In terms of health, many organizations are fighting diabetes, HIV/AIDS,
malaria, measles, maternal plus infant mortality, and other issues in Africa. There are almost 3,000 languages
spoken in Africa like Niger-Congo, Afroasiatic, Nilo-Saharan, Khoi-San, Indo-European, Malayo-
Polynesian, Arabic, and other languages. Nigeria alone has over 500 languages spoken in the nation. Niger–
Congo is the largest phylum of African languages, with more than 500 million speakers (2017); it is
dominated by the Bantu branch, spread throughout sub-Saharan Africa in the Bantu expansion.
The largest cities in Africa are Lagos, Cairo, Kinshasa, Johannesburg, Abuja, Khartoum, Dar es Salaam,
Alexandria, Abidjan, Algiers, Kano, Casablanca, Ibadan, Nairobi, Addis Abada, and Accra. Africans believe
in many different religions involving its culture. The Encyclopedia Britannica mentioned that 45% of
Africans are Christians, 40% are Muslims, and 10% follow traditional religions. Many Africans follow
Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Baha’i, and Judaism. A minority of Africans are irreligious. The
regions of Africa are North Africa, West Africa, Central Africa, East Africa, and Southern Africa. African art
has been influenced by ancient cultures, colonialism, and modern realities. African art and architecture in
Africa are diverse. African dance has influenced modern samba, blues, reggae, hip hop, and rock. African
culture is diverse in dealing with tribal structures to regional displays of expression. Even though African
cultures are widely diverse, they are also, when closely studied, seen to have many similarities. For example,
the morals they uphold, their love and respect for their culture as well as the strong respect they hold for
spirituality. The sculptures and arts and craft are found in ceremonial clothes and paintings. The art of
Africa reflects the love of family, customs, and other human interactions. The expression of folklore and
religion is found in African culture. Storytelling builds up friends, family, and other love ones. Clothes
among ethnic groups in Africa vary. The love of storytelling is also found in African American culture too.
The various cuisines of Africa use a combination of locally available fruits, cereal grains and vegetables, as
well as milk and meat products. In some parts of the continent, the traditional diet features a preponderance
of milk, curd and whey products. In much of tropical Africa, however, cow's milk is rare and cannot be
produced locally (owing to various diseases that affect livestock). African culture deals with human
upliftment, survival, and social strength.
Asia is the Earth’s largest and most populous continent on Earth. It is found mostly in the Eastern and
Northern Hemispheres. It shares the landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe and the continental
landmass of Afro-Eurasia. Asia has an area of 17,212,000 square miles. It has a population of 4,462,676,731
people as of 2016. Its population density is 260 square miles. Asia encompasses 30% of the Earth’s total land
area and 8.7% of the Earth’s total surface area. Asia is the site of many early civilizations like the Sumerians,
the Shang dynasty, Mohenjo-daro, etc. It has 60% of the world’s population. Asia is bordered by the east by
the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean, and on the north by the Arctic Ocean. The most
commonly accepted boundaries place Asia to the east of the Suez Canal separating it from Africa; and to the
east of the Turkish Straits, the Ural Mountains and Ural River, and to the south of the Caucasus Mountains
and the Caspian and Black Seas, separating it from Europe. Asia’s geography is diverse. The Himalayan range
is home to some of the planet’s highest peaks. Asia has 48 countries and three of the have part of the land in
Europe. They are Russia, Kazakhstan, and Turkey. There are arctic and subarctic climates in Siberia and
tropical climates in southern India plus Southeast Asia. The western parts of Asia have the most rainfall. The
monsoon season dominates southern and eastern Asia. That is due to the presence of the Himalayas forcing
the formation of a thermal low which draws in moisture during the summer. Southwestern sections of the
continent are hot. Siberia is one of the coldest places in the Northern Hemisphere, and can act as a source of
arctic air masses for North America.
 Grace Gao is a young
Chinese woman who fights
for the human rights of the
people in China.
Manjula Pradeep is an
Indian human rights activist
and a lawyer. She is the
former Executive Director
of Navsarjan Trust, one of
the largest Dalit rights
organizations in India. She
fights against caste
discrimination and sex-
based discrimination.
Aung San Suu Kyi is a Liu Xia is a poet, painter,
Burmese politican, and photographer. She
diplomat, author, and a advocates for human rights
1991 Nobel Peace Prize in China. Her late spouse Liu
laureate. She has fought for Xiaobo was another human
the human rights of the rights activist too.
people of Myanmar. She led
the effort of the National
League for Democracy (she
is the leader of this group)
to make a military junta go
into a partial democracy.

The most active place on Earth for tropical cyclone activity lies northeast of the Philippines and south of
Japan. The Gobi Desert is in Mongolia and the Arabian Desert stretches across much of the Middle East. The
Yangtze River in China is the longest river in the continent. The Himalayas between Nepal and China is the
tallest mountain range in the world. Tropical rainforests stretch across much of southern Asia, plus coniferous
and deciduous forests lie farther north.

There are the Kerala backwaters, the Mongolian steppe, the South China Karst, the Altai Mountains, and the
Hunza Valley. Many areas in Asia are vulnerable to climate change. That is why people want a more science-
based approach to cope with climate change in Bangladesh, India, Vietnam, Thailand, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.
In the tropical parts of India, the temperature has increased by 0.4 degrees Celsius between 1901 and 2003. On
the southeast of Asia are the Malay Peninsula (the limit of mainland Asia) and Indonesia ("Isles of India", the
former East Indies), a vast nation among thousands of islands on the Sunda Shelf, large and small, inhabited
and uninhabited. Australia nearby is a different continent. The Pacific islands northeast of Australia more
remotely removed from Japan and Korea are Oceania rather than Asia. From Indonesia the border runs along
the Indian Ocean to the Red Sea. Most of the islands in the Indian Ocean are Asian. The major regions of
Asia were Central Asia, East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, North Asia, and Western Asia. The longest
rivers in Asia are the Yangtze, the Yellow River, the Lena River, the Irtysh River, the Brahmaputra River, the
Ob River, the Indus River, the Yenisei River, and other rivers. The highest mountains in Asia are Mount
Everest, Godwin Austen, Kangchenjunga, Lhotse, Makalu, etc.

Just like in many places of the world, health issues are diverse in many parts of Asia. HIV/AIDS incidents
have been stable since 2000. Their human development index is diverse in many regions of Asia as well. Asia
had the strongest overall HDI improvement of any region in the world. Nepal, a South Asian country,
emerges as one of the world's fastest movers since 1970 mainly due to health and education achievements. Its
present life expectancy is 25 years longer than in the 1970's. More than four of every five children of school
age in Nepal now attend primary school, compared to just one in five 40 years ago. There are more than
600 languages spoken in Indonesia, more than 800 languages spoken in India, and more than 100 are
spoken in the Philippines. China has many languages in different provinces too. The largest cities in Asia are
Tokyo, Jakarta, Delhi, Karachi, Seoul, Shanghai, Manila, Mumbai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Osaka, Dhaka,
Bangkok, Chennai, Chittagong, Tehran, Dubai, Ho Chi Minh City, and Singapore. Many of the major
world religions are found in Asia like Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Chinese folk religions (like
Confucianism and Taoism), Buddhism, and other creeds. The story of the Great Flood, the story of Vishnu,
and other stories are found in Asia. West Asia is the place where Abrahamic religions originated from which
are Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and Baha’i. The culture of Asia is very unique. There is the Western Wall,
the Dome of the Rock, and the Kaaba in Asia. Asian art does deal with calligraphy or various paintings.
Almost 400 million Christians live in China. Most Israelis follow Judaism. 23.8 percent of the total
population of Asia is Muslim. It is the second largest religion in Asia. Hinduism has about 1.1 billion
adherents. It represents about 25 percent of Asia’s population being the largest religion in Asia. It is found
mostly in South Asia. Many Asian people won Nobel Peace Prizes like Rabindranath Tagore, C. V. Raman,
Mo Yan, Orhan Pamuk, etc.
I was born in North America. Therefore, I know a lot about its history, geography, and culture. It is found
on the Northern Hemisphere. It stretches from Central America to Greenland. North America has some of
the diverse cultures in human history. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, to the east by
Atlantic Ocean, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It encompasses the Caribbean Sea and it is north of
South America. North America has an area of 9,540,000 square miles. Its population density is 59.3 square
miles. It has 23 sovereign states and 23 non-sovereign territories. It has 579,024,000 people as of 2016. It is
the 4th largest continent in terms of population on Earth. It is the third largest continent in the world in
terms of land area. North America has about 16.5% of the Earth’s land of its total surface. North America’s
geography is complex too. It is a subcontinent. It has a land connection to South America at the Isthmus of
Panama. There is the Darien watershed along the Colombia/Panama border. It places all of Panama within
North America. Alternatively, some geologists physiographically locate its southern limit at the Isthmus of
Tehuantepec, Mexico, with Central America extending southeastward to South America from this point.
The Caribbean islands, or West Indies, are considered part of North America. The continental coastline is
long and irregular. The Gulf of Mexico is the largest body of water indenting the continent, followed by
Hudson Bay. Others include the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the Gulf of California. North America is
surrounded by the North American plate.

North America has four great regions (in each region, there are many sub regions too). These large regions
are the Great Plains that goes from the Gulf of Mexico to the Canadian Arctic, the Canadian Arctic (the
area of the Rocky Mountains), the Canadian Shield, the coastal plain (in the Atlantic seaboard), and the
Florida peninsula. The western mountains are split in the middle into the main range of the Rockies and
the coast ranges in California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia, with the Great Basin—a lower
area containing smaller ranges and low-lying deserts—in between. The highest peak is Denali in Alaska. The
northern part of North America is sparsely population and covered mostly by Canada. The central and
south portions of the continent have the United States, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. There
are glacial lakes formed during the last glacial period including the Great Lakes. The Rocky Mountains has
the continent’s divide or the Great Divide. The major watersheds all drain to the east: The
Mississippi/Missouri and Rio Grande into the Gulf of Mexico, and St. Lawrence into the Atlantic. There
are colder climates in higher latitudes and warmer climates in lower latitudes.

The western half of North America tends to have milder and wetter climate than other areas with
equivalent latitude, although there are steppes (known as “prairies”) in the central and western portions,
and deserts in the Southwestern United States of Arizona, Colorado, California, Nevada, New Mexico,
Utah, Oklahoma, and Texas; along with the Mexican states of Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora,
Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas. The Great Plains has a steepe climate. Canada and
north Alaska have subarctic and tundra climates. Plants like coniferous trees, sequoias, redwoods, sugar
pines, etc. are found in America. North America grows potato, vanilla, melons, cacao, gourds, indigo plants,
beans, etc. Temperate climates exist in North America too. The major rivers of North America are the
Mississippi River, Missouri River, Rio Grande, Ohio River, Columbia River, Saint Lawrence River,
Colorado River, Yukon River, etc. The Great Lakes, Lake Superior, the Gulf of Mexico, etc. deal with
habitat, transportation, trade, etc.

North America has some of the most developed health care systems on Earth. Advanced health care does
exist in America and Canada. Also, in North America, people are fighting for health care rights as well.
Climate change is being dealt with in North America. The dominant languages in North America are
English, Spanish, and French. Greenland has people speaking Danish and Greenlandic. The wealthiest
nations in North America are America, Canada, and Mexico. Mexico is newly industrialized nation. The
countries of Central America and the Caribbean are at various levels of economic and human development.
For example, small Caribbean island-nations, such as Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago, and Antigua and
Barbuda, have a higher GDP (PPP) per capita than Mexico due to their smaller populations. Panama and
Costa Rica have a significantly higher Human Development Index and GDP than the rest of the Central
American nations. Most North Americans are of European descent, African descent, Latino descent, Native
American descent, and multiracial descent. Indigenous Americans and Asians are in North America. Part of
the Caribbean speaks Portuguese and other languages. Haiti is included with this group based on historical
association, but Haitians speak both Creole and French. Similarly, French and French Antillean Creole is
spoken in Saint Lucia and the Commonwealth of Dominica alongside English.

THE RELIGIOUS COMPOSITION OF AMERICANS (AS OF 2019)

Protestantism Unaffiliated Catholicism Other Religions Judaism
Mormonism Unanswered Islam Buddhism Hinduism

1% 1%
2% 1%
2%
2%
3%

42%
20%

26%
 SOME OF THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS IN AMERICAN
HISTORY
Juneteenth in 1865 was when black
people were given the news about
being free from slavery after the end of
the U.S. Civil War.
Pearl Harbor was when Japan used an
attack to harm military human beings.
This caused America’s overt military
involvement in the 2nd World War to
defeat fascists.
9/11 was when cowardly people
destroyed the Twin Towers in New
York City. Heroic people fought the
hijackers in Pennsylvania. Another
group of cowards used a plane to
harm the Pentagon.
On January 2009, President Barack
Obama was inaugurated as President
being the first African American as
President of the United States.
Michelle Obama is the first African
American First Lady of American
history too.
In 1969, American astronauts landed
on the Moon.
The 1963 March on Washington
outlined many people who wanted
equality. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and
other speakers expressed their views
in favor of human justice.
as other religious organizations, and individuals identifying themselves as having no religion. Also,
In terms of religion, Christianity
is the largest religion in North
America. According to a 2012
Pew Research Center survey, 77%
of the population considered
themselves Christians.
Christianity is the predominant
religion in the 23 dependent
territories in North America.
America has the largest Christian
population in the world with
almost 247 million Christians
(70% of Americans). Mexico has
the world’s second largest
number of Catholic people
surpassed only by Brazil.
Muslims, followers of Judaism,
atheists, Hindus, Buddhists are
found in North America too.
The predominant religion in
Central America is Christianity
(96%). Beginning with the
Spanish colonization of Central
America in the 16th century,
Roman Catholicism became the
most popular religion in the
region until the first half of the
20th century. Since the 1960s,
there has been an increase in
other Christian groups,
particularly Protestantism, as well
Christianity is the predominant religion in the Caribbean (85%). Other religious groups in the region are
Hinduism, Islam, Rastafari (in Jamaica), and Afro-Caribbean religions such as Santeria and Voodoo.

This image shows the largest city in the United States of America in terms of population called
New York City.

The largest cities in North America are Mexico City, New York City, Los Angeles, Toronto, Chicago,
Houston, Havana, Montreal, Ectepc de Morelos, Philadelphia, Phoenix, San Antonio, Guadlaljara, Puebla,
San Diego, Juarez, etc. Culture in America is a merging of African, European, Native American, Asian, and
other influences. African Americans have influenced American culture a great deal. The political actions of
people like Maya Angelou, the music of hip hop (including jazz, soul, R&B, etc.), the art of Augusta Savage,
and other contributions of African Americans ought to be respected always. I am a black American too.
Spanish and Native Americans influence Central American culture. The culture of immigration has
developed North American culture too. Soccer, football, baseball basketball, ice hockey, and other sports
dominate North America. Trade deals, transportation, and inventions are common too in this continent.
Art and music are some of the most popular genres of music on Earth from hip hop, rock, gospel, country,
and Caribbean music. Cultural diffusion is one major theme of North American culture.
South America is a very important continent with its own culture and geography. It’s located in the Western
Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere (with a small portion of it in the Northern Hemisphere).
It is an area with massive political and social changes. It has an area of 6,890,000 square miles being the fourth
largest continent in the world. Its population is 420,458,044 people being the fifth largest continent in the
world in terms of population. It has 12 nations and 4 dependencies. Geopolitical changes have existed in Brazil,
Venezuela, etc. Pacific Ocean areas are to the west of South America, the Atlantic Ocean is found to the east
and north of the continent, and the Caribbean Sea is to the northwest. Brazil is by far the most populous
South American country, with more than half of the continent’s population, followed by Colombia,
Argentina, Venezuela and Peru. In recent decades Brazil has also concentrated half of the region’s GDP and
has become a first regional power. Most people in South America live in the western or eastern coasts while
the far south and interior are less densely populated. The population density of South America is 56 square
miles. The geography of western South America is dominated by the Andes Mountains; in contrast, the
eastern part contains both highland regions and vast lowlands where rivers such as the Amazon, Orinoco, and
Paraná flow. Most of the continent lies in the tropics.

The continent’s cultural and ethnic outlook has its origin with the interaction of indigenous peoples with
European conquerors and immigrants and, more locally, with those of black African descent. Given a long
history of colonialism, the overwhelming majority of South Americans speak Portuguese or Spanish, and
societies and states reflect Western traditions. The Darien watershed along the Colombia/Panama border is
very important. Almost all of mainland South America is found on the South American Plate. South America
has the highest uninterrupted waterfall. For example, Angel Falls in Venezuela; the highest single drop
waterfall Kaieteur Falls in Guyana; the largest river (by volume) and by length, the Amazon River; the longest
mountain range, the Andes (whose highest mountain is Aconcagua at 6,962 m or 22,841 ft.); the driest non-
polar place on earth, the Atacama Desert; the largest rainforest, the Amazon Rainforest; the highest capital
city, La Paz, Bolivia; the highest commercially navigable lake in the world, Lake Titicaca; and, excluding
research stations in Antarctica, the world’s southernmost permanently inhabited community, Puerto Toro,
Chile. Minerals in South America are gold, silver, copper, iron ore, tin, and petroleum. These resources have
caused many people to high income within many areas of South America. Industrialized nations use South
American resources too. South America is one of the most biodiverse continents on earth. South America is
home to many interesting and unique species of animals including the llama, anaconda, piranha, jaguar,
vicuña, and tapir. The Amazon rainforests possess high biodiversity, containing a major proportion of the
Earth’s species.

These are Afro-Brazilian people.

Brazil is the largest country in South America, encompassing around half of the continent’s land area and
population. The remaining countries and territories are divided among three regions: The Andean States,
the Guianas and the Southern Cone. South America has many islands like Aruba, Conaire, Curacao, etc.
There are federal dependencies of Venezuela. Other islands that are included with South America are the
Galápagos Islands that belong to Ecuador and Easter Island (in Oceania but belonging to Chile), Robinson
Crusoe Island, Chiloé (both Chilean) and Tierra del Fuego (split in between Chile and Argentina). In the
Atlantic, Brazil owns Fernando de Noronha, Trinidad and Martim Vaz, and the Saint Peter and Saint Paul
Archipelago, while the Falkland Islands are governed by the United Kingdom, whose sovereignty over the
islands is disputed by Argentina. South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands may be associated with
either South America or Antarctica. Temperate climate has milder winters and summers warmer than in
North America. Much of South America is at the equatorial zone. There is the Maracaibo Lake and other
bodies of water.

The east-central Brazilian plateau has a humid and warm tropical climate. The northern and eastern parts of
the Argentine pampas have a humid subtropical climate with dry winters and humid summers of the
Chinese type, while the western and eastern ranges have a subtropical climate of the dinaric type. At the
highest points of the Andean region, climates are colder than the ones occurring at the highest point of the
Norwegian fjords. In the Andean plateaus, the warm climate prevails, although it is tempered by the
altitude, while in the coastal strip, there is an equatorial climate of the Guinean type. From this point until
the north of the Chilean coast appear, successively, Mediterranean oceanic climate, temperate of the Breton
type and, already in Tierra del Fuego, cold climate of the Siberian type. South America has a population
growth rate of 0.6 percent year. The demographics of South America is diverse. South America is made up
of Native Americans, descendants of Europeans (like Spaniards, Portuguese, the Dutch, and Italians),
people who are of African descent, Asians, etc. Spanish and Portuguese are the most spoken languages in
South America. 200 million speakers each are involved in both languages. Dutch is spoken at Suriname.
English is found in Guyana. English is spoken at the Falkland Islands. French is spoken at Guiana and the
second language of Amapa, Brazil. Indigenous languages of South America include Quechua in Peru,
Bolivia, Ecuador, Argentina, Chile and Colombia; Wayuunaiki in northern Colombia (La Guajira) and
northwestern Venezuela (Zulia); Guaraní in Paraguay and, to a much lesser extent, in Bolivia; Aymara in
Bolivia, Peru, and less often in Chile; and Mapudungun is spoken in certain pockets of southern Chile and,
more rarely, Argentina.
 PROMINENT AFRO-BRAZILIAN HUMAN BEINGS
Iza, who is a great singer. She is
a songwriter and dancer, who
rose to fame recording cover
songs of artists such as Beyoncé,
Rihanna, and Sam Smith on her
self-titled YouTube channel. She
has also featured her songs on
Spotify and SoundCloud.
Fernanda Garay is a Seu Jorge is a Brazilian
professional volleyball player.
Clarissa dos Santos is a Brazilian
professional basketball player
for the San Antonio Stars of the
Women's National Basketball
Association (WNBA)
Pele is a legendary, retired
soccer player.
musical artist, songwriter,
and actor. He is considered
by many a renewer of
Brazilian pop samba. Seu
Jorge cites samba schools
and American soul singer
Stevie Wonder as major
musical influences.
Gilberto Gill is a Brazilian
singer, guitarist, and
songwriter, known for both
his musical innovation and
political activism. From 2003
to 2008, he served as Brazil's
Minister of Culture in the
administration of President
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.
Benedita da Silva is a political
leader, civil rights activist, and
she is like the Ella Baker of the
Afro-Brazilian freedom
movement.
Margareth Menezes is a
Brazilian singer from Salvador,
Bahia.
Kauiza Venâncio is a Brazilian
sprinter. She competed at the
2016 Summer Olympics in the
women's 200 meters race and
the women's 4 × 100 meters
relay.
Anderson Silva is one of the
greatest mixed martial artists in
human history. His skill level at his
prime was totally powerful.
Robinho is a professional soccer
player.
Joaquim Barbosa is a former
Justice of the Supreme Federal
Court in Brazil. He served as the
president of the court (Chief
Justice) between 2012 and 2014.
At least three South American indigenous languages (Quechua, Aymara, and Guarani) are recognized along
with Spanish as national languages. 90 percent of South America are Christians. It includes 82 percent Roman
Catholics and 8 percent other denominations. African descendant religions are found in Brazil and other parts
of South America too. Many Jewish followers of Judaism live in Argentina at Buenos Aires, and in Sao Paulo,
Brazil. Japanese Buddhism, Shintoism, and Shinto-derived Japanese are found in South America too. New
Religions are common in Brazil and Peru. Korean Confucianism is especially found in Brazil while Chinese
Buddhism and Chinese Confucianism have spread throughout the continent. The culture of South America
includes music, commerce, food, and other cultural celebrations. The indigenous people of South America
live in the Amazon rainforest and other communities. The tango, vallenato, pasillo, samba, bossa, nova, and
other forms of music are influential in world music. The Rio Olympics in South America, back in 2016,
outlined talent and the strength of athletics. Also, many people in South America play cycling, polo, rugby,
basketball, boxing, etc. The largest cities in South America are Sao Paulo, Lima, Bogota, Lima, Rio de Janeiro,
Santiago, Caracas, Buenos Aires, Salvador, etc.
Europe is found in the Northern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic
Ocean to the west, Asia to the east, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. The westernmost part of
Eurasia is found in Europe. Since about 1850, Europe is considered to be separated from Asia by the
watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian, and the Black Seas
(including the waterways of the Turkish Straits). Europe’s borders have been defined differently throughout
classical antiquity. The division of Eurasia into two continents reflects East-West cultural, linguistic and
ethnic differences which vary on a spectrum rather than with a sharp dividing line. The geographic border
between Europe and Asia does not follow any state boundaries: Turkey, Russia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and
Kazakhstan are transcontinental countries. Spain is also transcontinental in that its main portion is on the
Iberian peninsula (Europe) while pockets of Spanish territory are located across the Strait of Gibraltar on
North African territory (i.e. mainly Melilla, Ceuta, and the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean). Europe
has 3,393,000 square miles of 2 percent of the Earth’s surface (6.8% of land area). Europe is divided into
politically 50 sovereign states of which the Russian Federation is the largest and most populous spanning
39% of the continent and comprising 15% of its population. Europe has 741 million people. That is about 11
percent of the world’s population as of 2016. The European climate is affected by warm Atlantic currents
that temper winters and summers on much of the continent. Further from the sea, seasonal differences are
more noticeable than close to the coast. The largest urban cities in Europe are Moscow, Paris, Istanbul,
Madrid, Barcelona. Saint Petersburg, Rome, Berlin, and Milan.

in Europe, there is the mostly temperate climate zones. It has many westerlies. The climate is milder in
comparison to other areas of the same latitude around the globe due to the influence of the Gulf Stream.
The Gulf Stream causes Europe to be warmer and wetter. The Gulf Stream not only carries warm water to
Europe’s coast but also warms up the prevailing westerly winds that blow across the continent from the
Atlantic Ocean. That is why Naples can have 61 degrees as an average temperature while New York City has
54 degrees in its average but both cities being on almost the same latitude. Berlin, Germany; Calgary,
Canada; and Irkutsk, in the Asian part of Russia, lie on around the same latitude; January temperatures in
Berlin average around 8 °C (14 °F) higher than those in Calgary, and they are almost 22 °C (40 °F) higher
than average temperatures in Irkutsk. Europe is colder in the north than the south. The climate is more
oceanic in the west and less so in the east. Europe has the biomes of a tundra, alpine tundra, taiga, montane
forest, temperate broadleaf forest, Mediterranean forest, temperate, steppe, and dry steppe. Mount Elbrus in
Russia is the highest mountain in Europe. The formation of the Baltic Shield and the Sarmatian canton has
been around 2.25 billion years ago. There was the Volgo Uralia shield. Around 440 million years ago
Euramerica was formed from Baltica and Laurentia; a further joining with Gondwana then leading to the
formation of Pangea. Around 190 million years ago, Gondwana and Laurasia split apart due to the widening
of the Atlantic Ocean. Finally, and very soon afterwards, Laurasia itself split up again, into Laurentia (North
America) and the Eurasian continent. The land connection between the two persisted for a considerable
time, via Greenland, leading to interchange of animal species. From around 50 million years ago, rising and
falling sea levels have determined the actual shape of Europe, and its connections with continents such as
Asia. Europe’s present shape dates to the late Tertiary period about five million years ago.

There are the Scottish Highlands, plains in Hungary, the Ural Mountains, the Pyrenees, and the
Scandinavian Mountains. Much of Europe is a mixed forest. Brown bears, wolves, and other animals exist in
Europe. The European bison is found in Poland and Belarus. There are wild cats, foxes, jackals, and
martens. Europe has the largest economy as a continent in the world. It is the richest region in terms of
assets under management with over $32.7 trillion compared to North America’s $27.1 trillion in 2008.
Europe is the wealthiest region. There is a variation of wealth from the richer states in the West and the
poorer states in Central plus Eastern Europe. Europe has a high population density, second to Asia. It has
low population growth. Most Europeans are Indo-European. There are Africans, Asians, Muslims, and
other ethnic groups in Europe. Over the last centuries, Europe has been massively secularized. Many
European nations have a decline of church membership. Many people don’t believe in a religious belief
system. The 2010 Eurobarometer survey found that, on average, 51% of the citizens of the EU member states
state that they believe there is a God, 26% believe there is some sort of spirit or life force and 20% don’t
believe there is any sort of spirit, God or life force. 3% declined to answer. About 60 percent of people in
the UK are Christians. Christianity is the largest religion in Europe. According to a survey published in
2010, 76.2% of Europeans identified themselves as Christians. Catholics were the largest Christian group in
Europe, accounting for more than 48% of European Christians. The second-largest Christian group in
Europe was the Orthodox, who made up 32% of European Christians. And about 19% of European
Christians were part of the Protestant tradition. Many people are agnostic in France. Lutherans, Anglican
people, and Reformed faith members are in Europe. There is a minority of Muslims in Europe too.
Muslims are six percent of the European population. They are found heavily in the Balkans, Eastern
Europe, and parts of Western Europe. Followers of Judaism, Hinduism, and Buddhism are minority
religions as well. There are 92 million Russians who reside in Europe along with 72 million Germans. There
are many ethnic groups like the Scots, Welsh, Bretons, and the Basques. Most people in Europe speak Indo-
European languages. They are Romance, Germanic, Baltic, Slavic, Albanian, Celtic, and Greek. Some speak
Turkic languages. Most Europeans speak German, French, English, Italian, Spanish, Polish, Romanian,
Russian, and Dutch. There is a large black population in Europe too from the UK to Italy plus France.
Black people live in Germany and Greece as well. Most of Europe is in a mode of sub-replacement fertility,
which means that each new(-born) generation is becoming less populous than the older. Nonetheless most
European countries still have growing populations due to immigration, population momentum and
increases in life expectancy. Some current and past factors in European demography have included
emigration, ethnic relations, economic immigration, a declining birth rate and an ageing population.

European culture is influenced by ancient Greece, ancient Rome, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the
Enlightenment, and other movements. Like many areas, Europe’s culture is not monolithic. There are
different music, art, dance, and cuisine found in different regions of Europe. Soccer is the most popular
sport in Europe. Rugby, cricket, ice hockey, basketball, American football, gold, Motorsport, cycling, tennis,
and golf are common in Europe as well. Art is found in different eras of Europe. Prehistoric art and classical
art dealt with statues, images, sculptures, and architecture. Art as diverse as Picasso’s paintings to Byzantine
art are found in the continent. Wine, pasta, chocolate, yogurt, and other foods are commonplace in Europe.
Like many places, European foods has been influenced by foods from Asia, America, Africa, and other parts
of the world. The earliest definite examples of needles originate from the Solutrean culture, which existed in
France and Spain from 19,000 BC to 15,000 BC. The earliest dyed flax fibers have been found in a cave the
Republic of Georgia and date back to 36,000 BP. Fashion in Europe has been celebrated in conventions,
modeling situations, and by many other activities.

Olive Morris was a British Black
Panther, feminist, and
progressive activist.
Desiree Henry is part of the new
generation of outstanding track
and field athletes.
Dina Asher Smith has won
medals, been around the world,
and is one of the greatest track
athletes in the world.
Daryll Nelta has worked hard to
achieve her accomplishments in
track and field.
Sophie Okonedo is an actress
who work in prominent films.
Afro-British Legendary People
Asha Philip is track and field
athlete with amazing talent.
Claudia Jones was an activist
who wanted black liberation.
Also, she was a progressive
woman who fought for the
human rights of Afro-
Caribbeans in the UK.
Jazmin Sawyers does the long
jump, and she is singer plus
songwriter.
Olaudah Equiano was a victim
of slavery and was freed from
tyranny. He lived his life in
fighting slavery.
Phina Oruche is an outstanding
actress.
Idris Elba is an actor, DJ,
participant in kickboxing, and a
husband to a great woman.
Naomie Melanie Harris is an
amazing actress who played in
many powerful roles from
dramas to movies that detail
important social issues.
Isha Sesay is an expert journalist
and television commentator. She
worked in CNN and in other
networks.
Mo Adudu was born in
London. She would be a massive
media promoter, especially in
Africa.
Sharna Jackson is a great author.
She loves to inspire people.
Estelle is a young, great musician
whose subject matter is diverse.
Cynthia Erivo is an actress, a
lover of theater, and a person
who honors fitness all the time.
Marsha Ambroisus is a soul
singer who worked in Floetry
and has made her own solo
projects too.
Floella Benjamin is a
Trinidadian-British actress,
author, television presenter,
singer, businesswoman and
politician.
Donald Hinds is an author
whose works deals with
Caribbean people.
The image of the woman on the far left and on the far right is the famous Australian rugby player Ellia
Green (who won gold in the 2016 Summer Olympics at Rio). She is extremely fast, loves track and
field, and is an exciting, dynamic player. She is of Fijian descent. The person in the middle is the
famous Australian Olympian Cathy Freeman. She participated in the 2000 Sydney Summer Games.
Cathy Freeman was a great sprinter. She represents her Aboriginal heritage greatly. Yes, she won gold
in the 200m at the 2000 Olympic Games too.

Oceania is a geographic region spanning the Eastern and Western hemisphere. It has been neglected by
some, but it is very important part of humanity. It has Australia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. It
has a land area of 3,291,903 square miles, and it has 40,117,432 people. It is smaller than Antarctica in land
size, but it’s bigger than it in terms of population. It has a diversity of cultures and histories. It has the
highly developed areas and the more remote locations. Oceania has a diverse mix of economies from the
highly developed and globally competitive financial markets of Australia and New Zealand, which rank high
in quality of life and human development index, to the much less developed economies that belong to
countries such as Kiribati and Tuvalu, while also including medium-sized economies of Pacific islands such
as Palau, Fiji and Tonga. The largest and most populous country in Oceania is Australia, with Sydney being
the largest city of both Oceania and Australia. Japan, America, and other nations control many islands in
the region of Oceania. Oceania dominates parts of the Pacific Ocean. The Australasian ecozone and the
Pacific ecozone including New Zealand have a diversity of animal plus planet species. Aboriginals and
Austronesian people traveled from Africa into Oceania over the course of thousands of years.

Some Austronesian people live in New Guinea. Micronesian people had the early culture found at Saipan
back in 1,500 B.C. Polynesian peoples had large structures made at Easter Island, and they are came from the
sea-migrating Austronesian peoples. Oceanian islands are of four basic types: continental islands, high
islands, coral reefs and uplifted coral platforms. High islands are of volcanic origin, and many contain active
volcanoes. Among these are Bougainville, Hawaii, and Solomon Islands. Australia and New Zealand have
mountain ranges, tropical rainforests, and coastal uplands. The Pacific Islands are ruled by a tropical
rainforest and tropical savanna climate. In the tropical and subtropical Pacific, the El Niño Southern
Oscillation (ENSO) affects weather conditions. In the tropical western Pacific, the monsoon and the related
wet season during the summer months contrast with dry winds in the winter which blow over the ocean
from the Asian landmass. November is the only month in which all the tropical cyclone basins are active. In
Oceania, the largest cities in terms of population are Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Auckland,
Adelaide, the Gold Coast, Newcastle, Canberra, and Wellington. Most people of Oceania from Melanesia to
Australia are Christians. Some follow traditional religions. Many of the Baha’naïve faith adherents live in
Samoa. Languages from different regions are expressed like Malay, Aboriginal languages, English, French,
Spanish, Polynesian languages, etc. Art and sports like rugby are very common in the region. Australia has
hosted two Summer Olympics: Melbourne in 1956 and Sydney in 2000. Therefore, Oceania remains a
totally great region of the world society.

The geography of Antarctica is very unique. It is the southernmost continent on Earth. As found at the
South Pole, it is well known to explorers, scholars, and everyday people. It is filled with 5,500,000 square
miles. It’s the fifth largest continent and nearly twice the size of Australia. About 1,106 people live there. On
average, Antarctica is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent on Earth. It is mostly a polar desert. It has
an annual precipitation of 20 cm (7.9 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica
has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) (or even −94.7 °C (−135.8 °F) as measured from space), though the average
for the third quarter (the coldest part of the year) is −63 °C (−81 °F). Anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people
reside throughout the year at research stations scattered across the continent. Organisms native to Antarctica
include many types of algae, bacteria, fungi, plants, 28rotista, and certain animals, such as mites, nematodes,
penguins, seals and tardigrades. Vegetation, where it occurs, is tundra. It is the last region on Earth
discovered in recorded history. In modern times, it was only in 1820 when it was seen. This was when the
Russian expedition of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev on Vostok and Mirny
sighted the Fimbul ice shelf. The continent, however, remained largely neglected for the rest of the 19th
century because of its hostile environment, lack of easily accessible resources, and isolation. In 1895, the first
confirmed landing was conducted by a team of Norwegians. Antarctica is a de facto condominium,
governed by parties to the Antarctic Treaty System that have consulting status. Twelve countries signed the
Antarctic Treaty in 1959, and thirty-eight have signed it since then. The treaty prohibits military activities
and mineral mining, prohibits nuclear explosions and nuclear waste disposal, supports scientific research,
and protects the continent’s ecozone. Ongoing experiments are conducted by more than 4,000 scientists
from many nations. Most of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet. It holds 70% of the world’s
fresh water. Vinson Massif, the highest peak in Antarctica at 4,892 m (16,050 ft), is located at the Ellsworth
Mountains. Antarctica contains many other mountains, on both the main continent and the surrounding
islands. Mount Erebus on Ross Island is the world’s southernmost active volcano. Antarctica evolved the
super-continent Gondwana. It broke apart to form Antarctica. It can get from 41 to 59 degrees during the
summer. Much of Antarctica is more than 9,800 feet above sea level. That makes it colder than the Arctic as
temperature decreases with elevation in the troposphere. Global warming has increased the surface
temperature of the continent. The ozone zone has been depleted too. Antarctica is divided into West
Antarctica and East Antarctica.
Living on this Earth for almost 40 years has certainly made me aware of many things. Learning about the
various continents of the world certainly has given me more insights about how the world is. Geography is
not just about population growth or landscapes. It is about dealing with the social and cultural structures of
populations. It is about the migration of animals in the world. It is about demographics and how cultures
evolve over thousands of years. First and foremost, it is important to reiterate that Africa is the Motherland
of humanity. All human beings of every color and of every background originated from Africa. We know that
migration and environmental, geographic locations has influenced humanity to develop different types of
civilizations. Yet, we have our similarities along with our differences. We all share one human origin, we all
have families, we all share one Earth, and we all have belief systems (whether spiritual, secular, or otherwise).
We can never be naïve of the realities of our world today. We witness climate change in a scale never before
seen in human history. There is massive flooding in many places of the globe, homes have been destroyed by
hurricanes, and record high temperatures are found globally as well. That is why nations internationally are
working in trying to solve the problem. Political tensions, coups, etc. exist. You have progressives and
conservatives fighting for the soul of the world as found in America, Brazil, Bolivia, Germany, Africa, and
other places of the world. Being on the side of democratic, revolutionary change is very important. 2020 is
one of the most important years in world history. As we see what is happening in this year of 2020, we should
never lose faith. History teaches us that faith plus action can cause miraculous change in the Universe. In that
sense, we must continue forward in believing in the Dream plus advance justice.

By Timothy
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