Exercise 1.1 Answer Each Question Completely

Exercise 1.
1
Answer each question completely.
1.What is the quota criterion for appointment?
Quota rules refer to a method of apportioning voting seats that relies an upper and
lower quota. It’s portioning the shared resources according to the ration of contributing
units to the total units with integer units. You will often end up with the excess that you
then need to distribute fairly.
2. How do you compute for the standard divisor using the Hamilton method?
Apportion 5 representatives among:
 State A with a population of 6 million
 State B with a population of 9 million
 State C with a population of 10 million
Standard Divisor = Total Population = 25,000,000 = 5,000,000 # of
Representatives
# of Representatives 5
A. 6,000,000 = 1.2
5,000,000
B. 9,000,000 = 1.8
5,000,000
C. 10,000,000 = 2
5,000,000
3. Explain how to calculate the standard quota of a group in the Hamilton method.
Divide each state’s population by the divisor to determine how many representatives it
should have. Record this answer to several decimal places. This answer is called the
quota.
Since we can only allocate who representatives, Hamilton resolves the whole problem
as follows:
- Assuming that the total from the first statement was less than the total number of
representatives, assign the remaining representatives one each to the states whose
decimal parts of the quota were largest, until the desired total is reached.
- Assurance that each state ends up with at least one representative.
4. Explain how to calculate the lower quota of a group in the Hamilton method.
Cut off all the decimal parts of the quotas (but do not forget what the decimal were).
These are called the lower quotas. Then we add the lower quotas. This sum will always
be less than or equal to the total number of representatives.
5. In the Hamilton method, what should you do if the sum of the lower quota does not
meet the required value for apportionment?
If the quota does not meet the required value for apportionment, we are rounding off the
standard quota by the usual method of rounding does not always work. The standard
quota for ach state is usually a decimal number but in real life, the number of seats
allocated to each state must be a whole number. The upper quota is the standard quota
rounded up.
Exercise 1.2
Answer each problem completely
1. A mother of four children plans to distribute 35 identical pieces of the Cadbury
chocolate bars among her children based on the number of minutes they spent
during chores. If she uses the Hamilton method, what will be the fair way to
divide the chocolate bars?
Child 1 Child 2 Child 3 Child 4
Minutes
Worked 90 145 180 320
Solution:
Standard Divisor: Total of minutes worked/ Identical pcs. Of Cadbury = 735/ 35 =

21
Quota Initial Final
A. 90/21 = 4.2857 4 4
B. 145/21 = 6.9047 6 7
C. 180/21 = 8.5714 8 9
D. 320/21 =
15.2380 15 15
35

Child
1 Child 2 Child 3 Child 4
Minutes Worked 90 145 180 320
Final Pieces of Chocolate Bars Received 4.286 6.905 8.571 15.238
How many minutes of the chores is needed for each child to receive one piece of
chocolate?
Child 1 Child 2 Child 3 Child 4
Minutes
Worked 90 145 180 320
2. Answer Problem 1 using the Jefferson method.

Solution:
Standard Divisor_______21______
Child Child
Child 1 2 3 Child 4
Final Pieces of Chocolate Bars
Received 4 7 9 15
3. Answer Problem 1 using the Webster method.

Standard Divisor______21_______
Child Child
Child 1 2 3 Child 4
Final Pieces of Chocolate Bars
Received 4 7 9 15
4. The university board plan to assign a new assistant coach among 5 sports teams
on their performance in the last UAAP seasons. The following table shows the
points earned by each team and their respective number of the coaches and
trainees.
Basketbal Swimmin
l Volleyball g Badminton Track and Field
Points 360 290 400 320 380
Number of
Trainers 8 5 6 4 10
Compute for the Huntington – Hill number for each item. To which team should the
additional coach be assigned?
Basketball Volleybal Swimming Badminto Track and Field

l n
H
number 1800 2803.3 3809.5 5120 1312.7
Final Answer: The team that has greatest Huntington-hill number is the Badminton
team. Hence, the additional assistant coach should be with them.
5. Which of the following apportionment methods can violate the quota rule?
 Hamilton
 Jefferson
 Webster
 Huntington-Hill
Answer: Hamilton, Jefferson, Webster and the Huntington-Hill methods could violate the
quota rule.
Exercise 1.3
Answer the problem completely
1. Use the Hamilton method to apportion 32 seats among the given states.
State A B C D E Total
Populatio
n 23,403 33,870 28,677 12,900 42,909 118,356
33,87
Population 23,403 28,677 12,900 42,909 118,356
0
SQ = 6/SD 6.32 9.15 7.75 3.48 11.6
Lower Quotation 6 9 7 3 11 36
Final
Apportionment 6 9 8 3 12 38
A 38
SD 3,648.62
2. Use the Jefferson method for the apportionment to answer Problem 1.

Population 23,403 33,870 28,677 12,900 42,909 118,356
MSQ=P/MSD 6.5 9.4 7.96 3.58 11.91
LQ 6 9 7 3 11 36
FA 6 9 7 3 11 36
A 36
3,600.0
MSD 0
3. Use the Webster method for apportionment to answer Problem 1.
28,67
Population 23,403 33,870 12,900 42,909 118,356
7
SQ =
P/MSD 6.35 9.2 7.92 3.5 11.66
LQ 6 9 7 3 11 36
FA 6 9 7 3 11 36
A 36
3,080.0
MSD 0
4. If one seat will be added, which state should receive the additional seat based on
the Huntington-Hill number?
28,67
Population 23,403 33,870 12,900 42,909 118,356
7
SQ =
P/MSD 6.35 9.2 7.92 3.5 11.66
UQ 7 10 8 4 12
LQ 6 9 7 3 11 36
GM 6.48 9.25 7.95 3.55 11.2
FA 6 9 7 3 11 36
A 36
3,080.0
MSD 0
5. What causes an apportion paradox? How can a paradox be avoided?

An appointment paradox exists when the rules for appointment in a political system
produce results which are unexpected or seem to violate common sense. To apportion
is to divide into parts according to some rule, the rule typically being one of proportion.
For the most part, any paradox related to time travel can generally be resolved or
avoided by the Novikov self-consistency principle, which essentially asserts that for any
scenario in which a paradox might arise, the probability of that event actually occurring
is zero or to quote from lost.
6. An Ayala prime condominium in Makati City consisting of 3 buildings has the

number of current unit owners indicated in the table below. A total of 32 board of
directors will be needed to govern the residential complex. Use the Hamilton
method to apportion the said number of directors to the three buildings.
Building Number of Unit Owners

East Building 345
North Building 248
South
Building 410
East South
Building North B Total
B B
Number of Units
345 248 410 1,003
Owners
SQ G/SD 11 7.91 13.08
LQ 11 7 13 31
FA 11 8 13 32
A 32
SD 31.34
7. Use the Webster method for apportionment to answer Problem 6.

East South
B B
Number of Units
345 248 410 1,003
Owners
SQ=P/MSD 11.12 8 13.22
LQ 11 8 13 32
FA 11 8 13 32
A 32
MSD 31
8. Use the Jefferson method to apportionment to answer Problem 6.

East South
B B
Number of Units
345 248 410 1,003
Owners
MSQ=P/MSD 11.05 8.26 13.66
LQ 11 8 13 32
FA 11 8 13 32
A 32
MSD 30
9. If one board of director is added, which building will be entitled for the additional
director using the Huntington-Hill number in Problem 6?
East South
B B
Number of Units
345 248 410 1,003
Owners
SQ=P/MSD 11.12 8 13.22
UQ 12 9 14
LQ 11 8 13 32
GM 11.15 8.5 13.3
FA 11 8 13 32
A 32
MSD 31
Exercise 1.4
Answer the problem completely.
1. Suppose a Chemical plant has four divisions powder coatings (A), liquid coatings
(B), printing inks (C), and resin plant (D) Division A has 120 employees and D
has 28. It is decided by the top management that a 16-member quality
improvement council will have members from the four divisions proportional to
the number of employees. Apportion this council in the four divisions using the
Jefferson method.
Chemical A B C D Total
Employees 120 95 48 28 291
MSQ = P/MSD 7.54 5.97 3.01 1.76
LQ 7 5 3 1 16
FA 7 5 3 1 16
A 16
MSD 15.9
2. Apportion the council in Problem 1 using the Hamilton method.

Employees 120 95 48 28 291
SQ = G/SD 6.6 5.22 2.64 1.54
LQ 6 5 2 1 14
FA 7 5 3 1 16
A 16
SD 18.18
3. Apportion the council in Problem 1 using the Webster method

Employees 120 95 48 28 291
SQ =
P/MSD 7.5 5.93 3 1.75
LQ 7 5 3 1 16
FA 7 5 3 1 16
A 16
MSD 16
4. Referring to Problem 1, if an additional representative is assigned to the council,

which division should receive the representative based on Huntington-Hill
number?
Employees 120 95 48 28 291
SQ =
P/MSD 7.5 5.93 3 1.75
UQ 8 6 4 2
LQ 7 5 3 1 16
GM 7.25 5.98 3.1 1.95
FA 7 5 3 1 16
A 16
MSD 16
5. A group of 144 painters has 6 delegates in an art guild while a group of 80

sculptors has 8 delegates. Calculate the absolute unfairness for this assignment
of delegates.
144 =24 80 = 10

6 8
The absolute unfairness is 24-10=8. Thus, the delegates not well assigned to the
two groups.

6. Which between the two groups in the art guild in Problem 5 is more poorly
represented?
The group of sculptors is more poorly represented.
7. Which of the following states is in the art guild in Problem 5 is more poorly
represented?
Stat
e Population Number of Representatives
A 92,250 15
B 83,200 16
What is the absolute unfairness of this apportionment?

92,250/15 = 6,150 83,200/16 = 5200
The absolute unfairness is 6,150- 520 = 950
8. It is decided that 40 representatives will be apportioned among 6 groups using

the Jefferson method. Determine if the quota rule is violated.
Stat
e Population
A 70
B 100
C 75
D 20
E 210
F 450
Group A B C D E F Total
Population 70 100 75 20 210 450 925
MSQ=P/MS 21.1
D 3.29 4.76 3.35 0.94 9.88 8
LQ 3 4 3 0 0 21 40
FA 3 4 3 0 0 21 40
A 40
MSD 21.25
9. The student council in a university consists of 28 representatives from four

different schools. Determine the Hamilton apportionment for each of the four
schools.
College of College of College of College of Arts
School Engineering Architecture Education and Sciences Total
Student
Population 10,065 908 2,350 7,180 20,503
Col. Of Col. Of Col. Of Col. Of Arts

School Total
Engineering Architecture Education and Sciences
Student
10,065 908 2,350 7,180 20,503
Population
SQ = C/SD 13.74 1.24 3.2 9.8
LQ 13 1 3 9
FA 14 1 3 10 28
A 28
SD 732.25
10. What is the final apportionment in Problem 9 using the Webster method?
School Total
Student 10,065 908 2,350 7,180 20,503
Population
SQ = P/MSD 14.17 1.27 3.3 10.11
LQ 14 1 3 10 28
FA 14 1 3 10 28
A 28
MSD 710
11. What is the final apportionment in Problem 9 using the Jefferson method?
School Total
Student
10,065 908 2,350 7,180 20,503
Population
MSQ =
P/MSD 14.37 1.29 3.35 10.25
LQ 14 1 3 10 28
FA 14 1 3 10 28
A 28
MSD 700
12. Referring to Problem 9, if the council decides to add one more representative,
what will be the new apportionment using the Hamilton method? Does this
change lead to paradoxical result? Justify your answer.
12. In Problem 9, which school will receive the additional representative based on
the Huntington-Hill number?
School Total
Student
10,065 908 2,350 7,180 20,503
Population
SQ = P/MSD 14.17 1.27 3.3 10.11
UP 15 2 4 11
LQ 14 1 3 10 28
GM 14.5 1.35 3.45 11.26
FA 14 1 3 10 28
A 28
MSD 710
Assignment:
1. Explain the Alabama Paradox.

An apportionment paradox exists when the rules for apportionment in a
political system produce results which are unexpected or seem to violate
common sense. To apportion is to divide into parts according to some
rule, the rule typically being one of proportion.
2. Describe a population paradox.
The population paradox is a counterintuitive result of some procedures for
apportionment. When two states have populations increasing at different
rates, a small state with rapid growth can lose a legislative seat to a big
state with slower growth.
3. Explain the New States Paradox

The New State Paradox states that adding a new entity to the population
as well as a fair number of additional seats to accommodate the new
entity can still impact the existing entities' numbers. This paradox was
found in 1907 when Oklahoma was added to the Union.
4. Create an apportionment problem of any kind and show that each of the
paradoxes above is possible.
The following is a simplified example (following the largest remainder
method) with three states and 10 seats and 11 seats.
EXERCISE 2.1
Answer each problem completely.
1. The following is the preference table from a science club election where the
candidate are Arrow (A), Bennett (B), Candice (C), and Danny (D).
Number of 42 23 35 28 14
Voters
1st choice A B C A D
nd
2 choice D A D B A
3rd choice B C B D C
th
4 choice C D A C B

Determine the winner of the election using the indicated method.

A. Plurality method
Candidate Total 1st place votes
A 1 2 4 1 2 70
B 3 1 3 2 4 23
C 4 3 1 4 3 35
D 2 4 2 3 1 14
No. of 42 23 35 28 14 142
Voters
Arrow wins the election because arrow has most votes in the first choice

B. Plurality with elimination method
A 1 2 3 1 1 70
B 2 1 2 2 3 23
C 3 3 1 3 2 35
No. of 42 23 35 28 14 128
Voters

C. Borda count
N=4 Arrow (A)
Rank Rank Point No. of Votes Total
1 4 42 168
2 3 23 69
4 1 35 35
1 4 28 112
2 3 14 42
Borda count 426

N=4 Bennette (B)
3 2 42 84
1 4 23 92
3 2 34 70
2 3 28 84
4 1 14 14
Borda count 344

N=4 Candice (C)
4 1 42 42
3 2 23 46
1 4 35 140
4 1 28 28
3 2 14 28
Borda count 284

N=4 Danny (D)
2 3 42 126
4 1 23 23
2 3 35 105
3 2 28 56
1 4 14 56
Borda count 366
Since Arrow has the highest Borda count, hence, he wins the election.

1. Top two runoff
A 1 1 2 1 1 70
C 2 2 1 2 2 35
No. of 42 23 35 28 14 142
Voters

D. One hundred customers were asked to rank their choices of five most
popular fast food chains in the country. The results are shown in the
preference table below.
Number of 72 20 25 18 7
Voters
1st choice A B C A D
nd
2 choice D A D B A
3rd choice B C B D C
th
4 choice C D A C B

Determine the most popular fast food chain using the indicated method.

A. Plurality
Food Chain Total 1st place votes
A 1 2 4 1 2 90
B 3 1 3 2 4 20
C 4 3 1 4 3 18
D 2 4 2 3 1 7
No. of 72 20 25 28 7 135
Voters
A win the poll because food chain A has most 1 st placed votes.

B. Plurality with elimination method
Food Chain Total 1st place votes
A 1 2 3 1 1 90
B 2 1 2 2 3 20
C 3 3 1 3 2 18
No. of 72 20 25 28 7 128
Voters
A win the poll because food chain A has most 1 st placed votes.

C. Borda count
N=4 (A)
1 4 72 288
2 3 20 60
4 1 25 25
1 4 18 72
2 3 7 21
Borda count 466

N=4 (B)
3 2 72 144
1 4 20 80
3 2 25 50
2 3 18 54
4 1 7 7
Borda count 335

N=4 (C)
4 1 72 72
3 2 20 40
1 4 25 100
4 1 18 18
3 2 7 14
Borda count 244

N=4 (D)
2 3 72 216
4 1 20 20
2 3 25 75
3 2 18 36
1 4 7 28
Borda count 375
Since A has the most Borda count, hence, A wins the poll.

3. Forty senior high school students form a math class were asked to pick four
vacancies of food that will be served for a dinner event. The students were
allowed to vote for more than one choice. The results are allowed to vote for
more than one choice. The results are shown in the table below.
Choices Number of students who voted
Korean fast and American food 7
American food and Filipino food 7
Chinese food and Filipino food 8
Korean food, American food, and Chinese 14
food
All four kinds of food 4

Which food will be served for the dinner event using the approval voting
method?
The food that will be served for the dinner event using the approval voting
method is the American food.

4. Shown below is the preference list for three candidates. Determine the winner
using the Borda count method
Candidate Ranking
A 3 2 1
B 1 3 3
C 2 1 2
Total 83 75 5
Votes

N=3 (A)
3 1 83 83
2 2 75 150
1 3 5 15
Borda count 248

N=3 (B)
1 3 83 249
3 1 75 75
3 1 5 5
Borda count 329

N=3 (C)
2 2 83 166
1 3 75 225
2 2 5 10
Borda count 401
Candidate C wins the election because C has the most Borda count.
Does this election violate the majority criterion using the Borda count method?
YES, it does violate.
5. Given the customers’ preference list for three different choices of ice cream
flavors, determine the top choices of the customers using the Borda count
method. Re-evaluate the vote counting if the option cheese flavor is removed
from the choices and determine if the IIA criterion is violated.
Choices Ranking
Cheese 2 1 3
Chocolate 1 2 2
Mango 3 3 1
Total 6 81 90
Votes

N=3 CHEESE (A)
2 2 6 12
1 3 81 241
3 1 90 90
Borda count 343

N=3 CHOCOLATE (B)
1 3 6 18
2 2 81 162
2 2 90 180
Borda count 360

N=3 MANGO (C)
3 1 6 6
3 1 81 81
1 3 90 270
Borda count 357
Chocolate is the top choice of the customers.

There are 3 candidates and 50 voters in an election.
A. What is the maximum number of votes that a candidate can receive using the
Borda count method?
Maximum votes can receive is at most 150 votes. There are 3
candidates, and each can be ranked either first, second, or third. The
weight is equivalent to 3 points, 2 points and 1 point respectively. In order
to win by Borda count method, it is a must to accumulate the greatest
number of votes in the highest rank to give more weight to that vote.
B. What is the minimum number of votes that a candidate can receive?
A candidate can at least receive 50 votes. The weight is only one.
By 50 voters, the not so preferred candidate may receive this
minimum vote.
Exercise 2.2
Solve the following problems.
1. A group of 50 senior high school students were asked to rank their most favorite
sports to play. Determine the winning option using the plurality of voting. Is there
a majority option? If so, which option?

Options Ranking
Basketball 1 3 1 2 2
Volleyball 2 4 3 3 4
Badminton 4 1 4 1 3
Swimming 3 2 2 4 1
No. of 15 8 12 10 5
votes

Getting all the first-place votes, you will obtain the following:

Options Ranking Total first-
place votes
Basketball 1 3 1 2 2 27
Volleyball 2 4 3 3 4 0
Badminton 4 1 4 1 3 18
Swimming 3 2 2 4 1 5
No. of 15 8 12 10 5 50

votes

Basketball has the greatest number of first-place votes result based on the
plurality method.
*Basketball got the most votes (at least 26 votes )

2. Answer Problem 1 using the Borda count method.

Totaling the weights over 50 senior high school students, the Borda counts for
the following options are given below.

Basketball
Rank Rank point No. of votes Total
1 4 15 60
3 2 8 16
1 4 12 48
2 3 10 30
2 3 5 15
Borda count = 169

Volleyball
2 3 15 45
4 1 8 8
3 2 12 24
3 2 10 20
4 1 5 5
Borda count 102
=

Badminton
Rank Rank No. of votes Total
point
4 1 15 15
1 4 8 32
4 1 12 12
1 4 10 40
3 2 5 10
Borda count = 109

Swimming
3 2 15 30
2 3 8 24
2 3 12 36
4 1 10 10
1 4 5 20
Borda count = 120

Basketball has the highest Borda count . Thus, option basketball wins for the
most favorite sport.

3. Answer Problem 1 using the plurality with elimination method. Solution:
 Sorry ma’am no answer ☹

4. Answer Problem 1 using the top two runoff method.
4. There are 360 voters in an election using the plurality method.

A. What is the number of majority votes?

The majority required at least 360/2 + 1 = 181 votes. Thus, no one got the
majority vote.

B. What is the minimum number of votes for the winner with 5 candidates?

360/5 + 1 = 73 votes to win the election

6. There are 400 voters and 6 candidates in an election using the Borda count
method.

A. What is the total number of points on a ballot?

There are 6 places on a ballot, worth, in order from first to last, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
point. Therefore, a total of 6+5+4+3+2+1=21 points are on each ballot.

B. What is the least number of points a candidate can receive?

The candidate will receive the least points by being last on every ballot. 400
ballots worth 1 point each means the least number of points a candidate can
receive is 400.

C. What is the maximum number of points a candidate can receive?

Candidate will receive the most points by being first on every ballot. First
place worth 6 points, and there are 400 ballots, so the maximum points a
candidate could earn is 400 × 6 = 2400.

D. If points are given to the following candidates, which candidate wins the
election?

Candidate Points Candidate Points
A 1635 D 2100
B 1325 E 1525
C 1800 F Unknown

Candidate D wins the election with a total of 2100 points.
1635 + 1325 + 1800 + 2100 + 1525 = 8385 points
8400 - 8385 = 15 points for candidate F
Assignment
Watch the video clip and complete the statements that follow.
1. Three things that I significantly learned from the video clip

First, election is the most important way to make our voice heard on the issues that
concern us, second is voting give us an opportunity to be part of decision-making
that affects our lives in general and lastly , decisions are made on our behalf
everyday, healthcare, education, housing and global issues .

2. Three things that still unclear to me…
 Condorcet Paradox.
 proper method of Voting System
 Condorcet Paradox.

3. I used to think….
4. Three questions that I want to ask about the video clip.

 What if there are punishment if we don't apply Voting Systems and The
Condorcet Paradox?
 Are voting Systems and the Condorcent Paradox the easiest way in terms of
election?
 More concrete connection of voting Systems and the Condorcent Paradox to
mathematics?
Exercise 3.1
For each of the given weighted system in Problem 1 to 6, do the following:

A. Identify the type of weighted voting system it represents
B. Find all the winning coalitions
C. Find the critical voters
D. Compute the Banzhaf Power Index for each of the voters
E. Identify any dictator or dummies in the system

1. {54: 45, 10, 2}
2. {18: 9, 5,43}
3. {21:21,7,4,2,1}

4. {38:24, 12,6,2}

5. {19:13,12,4,3,1}

6. {160:100,90,60,50,10}

7. A weighted voting system consist of four voters A, B, C, and D whose vote
weights are 8,3,3 and 2 respectively. Find

1. The quota
W= {q: 8, 3, 3, 2}

q= +1
q= 9

b. The type of weighted voting system
b. The weight of coalition (A,D)
Coalition Total Winning Critical Voters
Coalition
AD 10 Yes A
10>8, Winning Coalition

d. The winning coalitions
Coalition Total Winning Critical voters
Coalition
AB 11 Yes A&B
AC 11 Yes A&C
AD 10 Yes A&D
BC 6
BD 5
CD 5
ABC 14 Yes A
ABD 13 Yes A
BCD 8
ACD 13 Yes A
ABCD 16 Yes None
QUOTA= 9 >9

e. For what values of q is there a dummy in the system q≤ 8
e. For values of q that will make the system a veto power system q≤ 8, q=16
e. The minimum value of q that gives a null system q ≥8

8. A city council consist of a mayor, a vice mayor, and 8 councilors. The mayor and
the vice mayor must vote for the resolution to pass. It is also required that at least
6 members vote for the resolution. What is the weighted voting system for this
council?
This is veto power system, since the total of member votes probably will not
reach the quota.
9. Four voters, A, B, C, and D make decisions according to a voting system defined
by {5, 4, 3, 2, 1}, excerpt when a tie exists. In the event that a tie exists, a fifth
voter, E, must vote to break the tie. Determine the Banzhaf Power Index,
including voter E.
Based on the numbers above, Voters A and B would be integral to the

winning coalitions and therefore would have the highest Banzhaf Power
Index. Next, is voter B with the second highest votes. Voters C, D, and E will
have the same Banzhaf Power Index. Their values of 1 vote can still be
computed as the same value notwithstanding, one might think that the weight
of Voter E will have been at least higher than the last two voters since there is
an inclusion of “fifth voter”.

10. Each of the senators in the Philippine Senate has one vote and at least a two-
thirds supermajority is required to impeach an official.
A. In this weighted voting system, a one voter-one vote system?
Quota: x24=16
B. In this weighted voting system, a veto power system?
This isn’t a veto power system because the sum of votes is greater than
the quota.
C. What is the Banzhaf Power Index of each senator?
For each senator, Banzhaf Power Index should be 1/24 each equal power.

Exercise 3.2
Answer each given problem completely.
1. Compute for the Banzhaf Power Index for each voter in the weighted voting
system given by W= {75: 50, 45, 30, 15} Solution:

Candidate Total
A 50
B 45
C 30
D 15
Quota=75

Winning
Coalition Total Critical Voters
Coalition
1 A 50
2 B 45
3 C 30
4 D 15
5 AB 95 Yes A&B
6 AC 80 Yes A&B
7 AD 65
8 BC 75 Yes B&C
9 BD 60
10 CD 45

11 ABC 125 Yes A&C
12 ABD 110 Yes B&C
13 BCD 90 Yes B&C
14 ACD 95 Yes A&C
15 ABCD 140 Yes None
Quota= 54 >54

***The total number of critical voters in all 8 winning coalition is 14

Candidate B
A 4/14 0.29
B 5/5 0.36
C 5/14 0.36
D 0/14 0

The Candidate A has the most power which is 50 and Candidate D which is 15 has the
least power.

1. Four voters, A, B, C, and D, decided to pass a motion by using the voting scheme W=
{5: 4, 3, 1, 1} excerpt when there is a tie. In the event that a tie to break the tie.
Determine the Banzhaf Power Index, including voter E.

Coalition Total Winning Coalition
A 4 A B
B 3 A C
C 1 A D
D 1 A E
E 1 A B C
AB 7 A B C
AC 5 A B D
AD 5 A B E
AE 5 B C D
BC 4 B C E
BD 4 C D E
BE 4 A B C D
CD 2 A B C E
CE 2 B C D E
DE 2 A BC D E
ABC 8
ABD 8
ABE 8
BCD 5
BCE 5
CDE 5
ABCD 9
ABCE 9
BCDE 6
ABCDE 9

Critical
A 7 7/21
B 4 4/21
C 4 4/21
D 3 3/21
E 3/21
_3_ 21
Banzhaf Power Index

A
0.3333333333

D
0.1904761904

C
0.1904761904

D
0.1428571428

E
0.1428571428
1
Assignment
Watch the video clip and complete the statement that follows

1. Three things that I significantly learned from the video clip.
 The UNSC is one of the principal organs of the United Nations (UN), ensure
international peace and security.
 The Security Council’s primary responsibility is for the maintenance of
international peace and security. It has 15 Members, and each Member has one
vote. Under the Charter of the United Nations, all Member States are obligated to
comply with Council decisions.
 The United Nations Security Council duty is to maintain international peace and
security based on the principles and purposes of the United Nations.
2. Three things that still unclear to me...
 why we have this council?
 Why do we have to study United Nations in Mathematics?
 What will be consequences if we will not follow the council?
2. I used to think….
Everything is just the same.
4. Three questions that I want to ask about the video clip.
 Why we must have United Nations Security Council?

 What is the role of the United Nations Security Council in the society?
 What are the pros and cons if we don't have United Nations Security
Council?

Exercise 1.1 Answer Each Question Completely

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Exercise 1.

Standard Divisor: Total of minutes worked/ Identical pcs. Of Cadbury = 735/ 35 =

2. Answer Problem 1 using the Jefferson method.

3. Answer Problem 1 using the Webster method.

Basketball Volleybal Swimming Badminto Track and Field

2. Use the Jefferson method for the apportionment to answer Problem 1.

5. What causes an apportion paradox? How can a paradox be avoided?

6. An Ayala prime condominium in Makati City consisting of 3 buildings has the

Building Number of Unit Owners

7. Use the Webster method for apportionment to answer Problem 6.

8. Use the Jefferson method to apportionment to answer Problem 6.

2. Apportion the council in Problem 1 using the Hamilton method.

3. Apportion the council in Problem 1 using the Webster method

4. Referring to Problem 1, if an additional representative is assigned to the council,

5. A group of 144 painters has 6 delegates in an art guild while a group of 80

144 =24 80 = 10

What is the absolute unfairness of this apportionment?

8. It is decided that 40 representatives will be apportioned among 6 groups using

9. The student council in a university consists of 28 representatives from four

Col. Of Col. Of Col. Of Col. Of Arts

1. Explain the Alabama Paradox.

3. Explain the New States Paradox

No. of 15 8 12 10 5 50

 Sorry ma’am no answer ☹

4. Three questions that I want to ask about the video clip.

Based on the numbers above, Voters A and B would be integral to the

5 AB 95 Yes A&B

6 AC 80 Yes A&B

8 BC 75 Yes B&C

10 CD 45

12 ABD 110 Yes B&C

13 BCD 90 Yes B&C

14 ACD 95 Yes A&C

15 ABCD 140 Yes None

Quota= 54 >54

Banzhaf Power Index

4. Three questions that I want to ask about the video clip.

 Why we must have United Nations Security Council?

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