Ec8681 MPMC Lab - Vi Sem Ece

EC8681 - MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS LABORATORY III YEAR
AGNI COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHENNAI
SYLLABUS
8086 Programs using kits and MASM
1. Basic arithmetic and Logical operations

2. Move a data block without overlap
3. Code conversion, decimal arithmetic and Matrix operations.
4. Floating point operations, string manipulations, sorting and searching
5. Password checking, Print RAM size and system date
6. Counters and Time Delay
Peripherals and Interfacing Experiments
7. Traffic light control

8. Stepper motor control
9. Digital clock
10. Key board and Display
11. Printer status
12. Serial interface and Parallel interface
13. A/D and D/A interface and Waveform Generation
8051 Experiments using kits and MASM
14. Basic arithmetic and Logical operations

15. Square and Cube program, Find 2‟s complement of a number
16. Unpacked BCD to ASCII
DEPARTMENT OF ECE, ACT Page 1

LAB OBJECTIVES
The student should be made to:
• Introduce ALP concepts and features
• Write ALP for arithmetic and logical operations in 8086 and 8051
• Differentiate Serial and Parallel Interface
• Interface different I/Os with Microprocessors
• Be familiar with MASM
LAB OUTCOMES
At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
• Write ALP Program for fixed and Floating Point and Arithmetic
• Interface different I/Os with processor
• Generate waveforms using Microprocessors
• Execute Programs in 8051
• Explain the difference between simulator and Emulator

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
Page
S.No Date Experiment Title Signature
No
16-BIT ARITHMETIC OPERATION USING 8086 & MASM
1. Addition of two 16-bit number
2. Subtraction of two 16-bit number
3. Multiplication of two 16-bit number
4. Division of two 16-bit number
16-BIT LOGICAL OPERATION USING 8086 & MASM
5. Logical AND of two 16-bit number
6. Logical OR of two 16-bit number
7. Logical XOR of two 16-bit number
DATA BLOCK TRANSFER USING 8086 & MASM
8. Data Block Transfer
CODE CONVERSION USING 8086 & MASM
9. Hexadecimal to ASCII conversion
10. ASCII to Hexadecimal conversion
DECIMAL ARITHMETIC OPERATION USING 8086 & MASM
MATRIX OPERATION USING 8086 & MASM
13. Addition of two n x n matrix
14. Subtraction of two n x n matrix
STRING MANIPULATION OPERATION USING 8086 & MASM
15. Store operation
16. Find and replace data
SORTING USING 8086 & MASM
17. Ascending order
18. Descending order
SEARCHING USING 8086 & MASM
19. Smallest number
20. Largest number
PASSWORD CHECKING USING MASM
21. Password Checking

ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTOR INTERFACING USING 8086
22. ADC using 8086
DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTOR INTERFACING USING 8086
23. Square Waveform Generation
24. Saw-Tooth Waveform Generation
25. Triangular Waveform Generation
KEYBOARD AND DISPLAY INTERFACING USING 8086
26. Rolling Display using 8279
STEPPER MOTOR CONTROL USING 8086
27. Stepper motor
PARALLEL INTERFACING USING 8086
28. Parallel Communication
TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER INTERFACING USING 8086
29. Traffic Light control
8-BIT ARITHMETIC OPERATION USING 8051
32. Multiplication of two 8-bit number
33. Division of two 8-bit number
8-BIT LOGICAL OPERATION USING 8051
34. Logical AND of two 8-bit number
35. Logical OR of two 8-bit number
36. Logical XOR of two 8-bit number
37. 2’s Complement of two 8-bit number
SQUARE OPERATION USING 8051
38. Square of an 8-bit number
CUBE OPERATION USING 8051
39. Cube of an 8-bit number
CODE CONVERSION USING 8051
40. UNPACKED BCD TO ASCII
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS BEYOND THE SYLLABUS
41. Palindrome Checking using TASM

16-BIT ARITHMETIC OPERATION

USING 8086 & MASM

EX NO: 1
ADDITION OF TWO 16-BIT NUMBER
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to add two 16 bit numbers by using 8086
Microprocessor and MASM software.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.NO COMPONENTS QUANTITY
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
4. PC with MASM 1
ALGORITHM:
1. Start the program
2. Get the first data in AX register pair
3. Get the second data in BX register pair
4. Initialize the CL register
5. Add the first data & second data
6. Store the sum in the specified location
7. If no carry flag mean jump to step 9
8. Increment the CL register
9. Store the carry in the specified location
10. Stop the program

PROGRAM: (Using 8086)
HEXA DECIMAL
ADDRESS OPCODE LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENTS

Move data from memory
1000 MOV AX,[1100H]
to AX register

1004 MOV BX,[1102H]
to BX register
1008 MOV CL,00H Initialize the C register
Add the first data &

100B ADD AX,BX
second data
Store the sum in the

100D MOV [1200H],AX
specified location
if no carry flag mean

1011 JNC LOOP1
jump to loop label
1013 INC CL Increment the C register
Store the carry in the

1015 LOOP1 MOV [1202H],CL
specified location
1019 HLT Stop the program
OBSERVATION:
BEFORE EXECUTION AFTER EXECUTION
ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA
1100 1200
1102 1202

PROGRAM: (Using MASM)
ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: CODE, SS: CODE

CODE SEGMENT
ORG 1000H
MOV SI, 1200H
MOV DI, 1300H
MOV AX, [SI]
MOV BX, [SI+02]
MOV CL, 00H
ADD AX, BX
MOV [DI], AX
JNC LOOP1
INC CL
LOOP1: MOV [DI+02], CL
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END
RESULT:
Thus an assembly language program for addition of two 16-bit numbers was written using
8086 microprocessor. The program was executed using both MASM and 8086 kit and the output was
verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Define microprocessor.
2. Name any three microprocessor manufacturing company.
3. What are the basic blocks of a microprocessor?
4. Define nibble, byte and word.
5. List the various buses of microprocessor.

EX NO: 2
SUBTRACTION OF TWO 16-BIT NUMBER
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to subtraction of two 16 bit numbers by using 8086
microprocessor and MASM software.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
4. PC with MASM 1
ALGORITHM:
5. Subtract the second data from first data
6. Store the subtraction result in the specified location
7. If no carry flag mean jump to step 9
9. Store the carry in the specified location

PROGRAM: (Using 8086)
HEXA DECIMAL

1000 MOV AX,[1100H]
to AX register

1004 MOV BX,[1102H]
to BX register
1008 MOV CL,00H Initialize the C register
Subtract the second data

100B SUB AX,BX
from first data
Store the subtraction in

100D MOV [1200H],AX
the specified location
if no carry flag mean

1011 JNC LOOP1
jump to loop label
1013 INC CL Increment the C register
Store the carry in the

1015 LOOP1 MOV [1202H],CL
specified location
OBSERVATION:
1100 1200
1102 1202


CODE SEGMENT
ORG 1000H
MOV SI, 1200H
MOV DI, 1300H
MOV AX, [SI]
MOV BX, [SI+02]
MOV CL, 00H
SUB AX, BX
MOV [DI], AX
JNC LOOP1
INC CL
LOOP1: MOV [DI+02], CL
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END
RESULT:
Thus an assembly language program for subtraction of two 16-bit numbers was written
using 8086 microprocessor. The program was executed using both MASM and 8086 kit and the
output was verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Give examples for 8/16 bit microprocessor.

2. Name any three registers of 8086 microprocessor.
3. Define addressing mode.
4. What is flag?
5. Compare carry flag and auxiliary carry flag

EX NO: 3
MULTIPLICATION OF TWO 16-BIT DATA
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to perform a multiplication of two 16-bit

numbers using 8086 & MASM software.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
4. PC with MASM 1
ALGORITHM:
4. Multiply first data & second data
5. Store the lower order multiplication result in the specified location
7. Store the higher order multiplication result in the specified location
8. Stop the program

PROGRAM: (USING 8086)
HEXA DECIMAL

1000 MOV AX,[1100H]
to AX register

1004 MOV BX,[1102H]
to BX register
Multiply the first data &

1008 MUL BX
second data
Store the lower order

100A MOV [1200H],AX result in the specified
location
Store the higher order

100E MOV [1202H],DX result in the specified
location
OBSERVATION:
1100 1200
1102 1202


CODE SEGMENT
ORG 1000H
MOV SI, 1200H
MOV DI, 1300H
MOV AX, [SI]
MOV BX, [SI+02]
MUL BX
MOV [DI], AX
MOV [DI+02], DX
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END
RESULT:
Thus an assembly language program for multiplication of two 16-bit numbers was
written using 8086 microprocessor. The program was executed using both MASM and 8086 kit
and the output was verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. List the flag in 8086.

2. Name the two functional units of 8086.
3. What is interrupt?
4. Define tri state logic.
5. What is the clock frequency of 8086?

EX NO: 4
DIVISION OF TWO 16-BIT DATA
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to perform a division of two 16-bit numbers

using 8086 & MASM software.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
4. PC with MASM 1
ALGORITHM:
4. Division of first data & second data
5. Store the lower order division result in the specified location
7. Store the higher order division result in the specified location
8. Stop the program

HEXA DECIMAL

1000 MOV AX,[1100H]
to AX register

1004 MOV BX,[1102H]
to BX register
Divide the first data &

1008 DIV BX
second data
Store the lower order

100A MOV [1200H],AX result in the specified
location
Store the higher order

100E MOV [1202H],DX result in the specified
location
OBSERVATION:
1100 1200
1102 1202


CODE SEGMENT
ORG 1000H
MOV SI, 1200H
MOV DI, 1300H
MOV AX, [SI]
MOV BX, [SI+02]
DIV BX
MOV [DI], AX
MOV [DI+02], DX
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END
RESULT:
Thus an assembly language program for division of two 16-bit numbers was written using
verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. How many address lines in 8086?

2. Mention the types of instructions of 8086.
3. Compare CMP-SUB instructions
4. List the features of 8086.
5. What are the various segments registers of 8086.

16-BIT LOGICAL OPERATION

USING 8086 & MASM

EX NO: 5
Logical AND of two 16-bit
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to logical AND of two 16 bit numbers by using 8086
Microprocessor & MASM software.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
4. PC with MASM 1
ALGORITHM:

4. Logical AND of first data & second data
5. Store the result in the specified location
6. Stop the program

HEXA DECIMAL

1000 MOV AX,[1100H]
to AX register

1004 MOV BX,[1102H]
to BX register
Logical AND of the first

1008 AND AX,BX
data & second data
Store the result in the

100A MOV [1200H],AX
specified location
100E HLT Stop the program
OBSERVATION:
1100 1200
1102


CODE SEGMENT
ORG 1000H
MOV SI, 1200H
MOV DI, 1300H
MOV AX, [SI]
MOV BX, [SI+02]
AND AX, BX
MOV [DI], AX
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END
RESULT:
Thus an assembly language program for logical AND of two 16-bit numbers was written
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What are the bit manipulation instructions present in 8086?

2. What is the truth table of AND operation?
3. What are instructions used in logical operation?
4. What are the rotate instructions present in 8086?
5. What are the shift instructions present in 8086?

EX NO: 6
Logical OR of two 16-bit
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to logical OR of two 16 bit numbers by using 8086
Microprocessor & MASM software.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
4. PC with MASM 1
ALGORITHM:

4. Logical OR of first data & second data
6. Stop the program

HEXA DECIMAL

1000 MOV AX,[1100H]
to AX register

1004 MOV BX,[1102H]
to BX register
Logical OR of the first

1008 OR AX,BX
data & second data

100A MOV [1200H],AX
specified location
OBSERVATION:
1100 1200
1102


CODE SEGMENT
ORG 1000H
MOV SI, 1200H
MOV DI, 1300H
MOV AX, [SI]
MOV BX, [SI+02]
OR AX, BX
MOV [DI], AX
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END
RESULT:
Thus an assembly language program for logical OR of two 16-bit numbers was written using
verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is the truth table of OR operation?

2. Difference between ROL and ROR.
3. Difference between RCL and RCR.
4. Difference between SAL and SAR.
5. Difference between SHL and SHR.

EX NO: 7
Logical XOR of two 16-bit
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to logical XOR of two 16 bit numbers by using 8086
microprocessor & MASM software.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
4. PC with MASM 1
ALGORITHM:

4. Logical XOR of first data & second data
6. Stop the program

HEXA DECIMAL

1000 MOV AX,[1100H]
to AX register

1004 MOV BX,[1102H]
to BX register
Logical XOR of the first

1008 XOR AX,BX
data & second data

100A MOV [1200H],AX
specified location
OBSERVATION:
1100 1200
1102


CODE SEGMENT
ORG 1000H
MOV SI, 1200H
MOV DI, 1300H
MOV AX, [SI]
MOV BX, [SI+02]
XOR AX, BX
MOV [DI], AX
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END
RESULT:
Thus an assembly language program for logical XOR of two 16-bit numbers was written
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is the truth table of XOR operation?

2. What is the operating frequency of 8086?
3. What is the expansion of USART?
4. Define complement.
5. Define 2’s complement.

DATA BLOCK TRANSFER

USING 8086 & MASAM

EX NO: 8
DATA BLOCK TRANSFER
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to transfer a block of data from one memory location
to another using 8086 and MASM software.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
4. PC with MASM 1
ALGORITHM:
1. Initialize source address in SI register

2. Initialize destination address in DI registers
3. Initialize the count in CX register.
4. Clear the direction flag
5. Transfer the data using string instruction until counter reaches zero
6. Stop the execution.

PROGRAM: (By using 8086)
HEXA DECIMAL

1000 MOV SI,2000H Point SI at source array
Point DI at destination
1004 MOV DI,2100H
array
Number of array
1008 MOV CX,00FFH
elements in CX
100C CLD DF cleared
100D LOOP1 MOVSB Move string byte
Subtract 1 from CX, if

100E LOOP LOOP1 CX>0 mean go to
LOOP1
OBSERVATION:
2000 2100
2001 2101
2002 2102
2003 2103
2004 2104

PROGRAM: (By using MASM)

CODE SEGMENT
ORG 1000H
MOV SI, 2000H
MOV DI, 2100H
MOV CX, 00FFH
CLD
LOOP1: MOVSB
LOOP LOOP1
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END
RESULT:
Thus an assembly language program for transferring a block of data from one memory
location to another was written using 8086 microprocessor. The program was executed using MASM
and the output was verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Give any three examples for data transfer instructions of 8086?

2. What is meant by maskable interrupt?
3. Compare JMP and CALL instructions.
4. List any five assembler directives.
5. What is the use of directional flag?

CODE CONVERSION
USING 8086 & MASM

EX NO: 9
HEXADECIMAL TO ASCII CONVERSION
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to convert Hexadecimal to ASCII Conversion by

using 8086 Microprocessor & MASM software.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
4. PC with MASM 1
ALGORITHM:

2. Get the data in AL register
3. Subtract 30H from AL register
4. Compare 09H to AL register if equal go L1
5. checks carry, if carry flag is set got to L1
6. Subtract 07H to AL register
8. Stop the program

HEXA DECIMAL

1000 MOV AL,[1100H]
to AL register
Subtract 30H from AL

1004 SUB AL,30H
register
Compare 09H to AL
1007 CMP AL,09H
register
Compare 09H to AL
100A JE LOOP1 register if equal go
LOOP1
checks carry, if carry flag

100C JC LOOP1
is set got to LOOP1
Subtract 07H from AL

100E SUB AL, 07H
register

1011 LOOP1 MOV [1200H], AL
specified location
OBSERVATION:
1100 1200


CODE SEGMENT
ORG 1000H
MOV SI, 1200H
MOV DI, 1300H
MOV AL, [SI]
SUB AL, 30H
CMP AL, 09H
JE LOOP1
JC LOOP1
SUB AL, 07H
LOOP1: MOV [DI], AL
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END
RESULT:
Thus an assembly language program for to convert Hexadecimal to ASCII Conversion was
written using 8086 microprocessor. The program was executed using both MASM and 8086 kit and
the output was verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. How many data lines in 8086?

2. List the different addressing modes of 8086.
3. List the string instructions in 8086.
4. Define segmentation.
5. Define 2’s complement.

EX NO: 10
ASCII TO HEXADECIMAL CONVERSION
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to convert ASCII to Hexadecimal conversion by

using 8086 Microprocessor & MASM software.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
4. Pc with MASM 1
ALGORITHM:

2. Get the data in AL register
3. Compare AL with 09H.
4. If it is equal go to step L1, otherwise go to step 3.
5. Check carry flag, if carry flag is set, go to step L1
6. Add 07H from AL register.
7. Add 30H from AL register.
9. Stop the program

HEXA DECIMAL

Get the data in AL
1000 MOV AL,[1100H]
register
1004 CMP AL, 09H Compare AL with 09H
If it is equal go to step
1007 JE LOOP1
LOOP1
Check carry flag, if carry

1009 JC LOOP1 flag is set, go to step
LOOP1
Add 07H from AL

100B ADD AL, 07H
register
Add 30H from AL

100E LOOP1 ADD AL, 30H
register

1011 MOV [1200H], AL
specified location
OBSERVATION:
1100 1200


CODE SEGMENT
ORG 1000H
MOV SI, 1200H
MOV DI, 1300H
MOV AL, [SI]
CMP AL, 09H
JE LOOP1
JC LOOP1
ADD AL, 07H
LOOP1: ADD AL, 30H
MOV [DI], AL
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END
RESULT:
Thus an assembly language program for to convert ASCII to Hexadecimal conversion was
written using 8086 microprocessor. The program was executed using both MASM and 8086 kit and
the output was verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Difference between jump and call.

2. Give some 16 bit registers of 8086.
3. Specify addressing modes for MOV AX, [1000] instruction.
4. What is the use of CX register?
5. Specify the function of flag register.

DECIMAL ARITHMETIC OPERATION

USING 8086 & MASM

EX NO: 11
ADDITION OF TWO 8-BIT NUMBER
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to decimal addition of two 8-bit data using 8086 and
MASM software.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
4. PC with MASM 1
ALGORITHM:

2. Move data from memory to AL register
3. Move data from memory to BL register
5. Add the first data & second data
6. Decimal adjust for addition for correction
7. If Cy = 0 mean go to LOOP1 label (step 9)
9. Store the LSB value in the specified location
10. Store the MSB value in the specified location

HEXA DECIMAL

Move data from
1000 MOV AL,[1100H]
memory to AL register
Move data from

1004 MOV BL,[1101H]
memory to BL register
Initialize the CL
1008 MOV CL,00H
register
Add the first data &

100B ADD AL,BL
second data
Decimal adjust for

100D DAA
addition for correction
If Cy = 0 mean go to
100E JNC LOOP1
LOOP1
Increment the CL
1010 INC CL
register
Store the LSB value in

1012 LOOP1 MOV [1200H],AL
Store the MSB value in

1016 MOV [1201H],CL
101A HLT Stop the program
OBSERVATION:
1100 1200
1101 1201


CODE SEGMENT
ORG 1000H
MOV SI, 1200H
MOV DI, 1300H
MOV AL, [SI]
MOV BL, [SI+01]
MOV CL, 00H
ADD AL, BL
DAA
JNC LOOP1
INC CL
LOOP1: MOV [DI], AL
MOV [DI+01], CL
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END
RESULT:
Thus an assembly language program to decimal addition of two 8-bit data using 8086 was written
using 8086 microprocessor. The program was executed using MASM and the output was verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is immediate addressing?

2. List any two string manipulation instructions of 8086.
3. What is the size of vector interrupt table?
4. List minimum mode signals used in 8086.
5. State about INTR pin in 8086.

EX NO: 12
SUBTRACTION OF TWO 8-BIT NUMBER
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to decimal subtraction of two 8-bit data using 8086 and MASM
software.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
4. PC with MASM 1
ALGORITHM:

2. Move data from memory to AL register
3. Move data from memory to BL register
5. Subtract the first data & second data
6. Decimal adjust for subtraction
7. If Cy = 0 mean go to LOOP1 label (step 9)
9. Store the LSB value in the specified location
10. Store the MSB value in the specified location

HEXA DECIMAL

Move data from
1000 MOV AL,[1100H]
memory to AL register
Move data from

1004 MOV BL,[1101H]
memory to BL register
Initialize the CL
1008 MOV CL,00H
register
Subtract the first data &

100B SUB AL,BL
second data
Decimal adjust for

100D DAS subtraction for
correction
If Cy = 0 mean go to
100E JNC LOOP1
LOOP1
Increment the CL
1010 INC CL
register
Store the LSB value in

1012 LOOP1 MOV [1200H],AL
Store the MSB value in

1016 MOV [1201H],CL
101A HLT Stop the program
OBSERVATION:
1100 1200
1101 1201


CODE SEGMENT
ORG 1000H
MOV SI, 1200H
MOV DI, 1300H
MOV AL, [SI]
MOV BL, [SI+01]
MOV CL, 00H
SUB AL, BL
DAS
JNC LOOP1
INC CL
LOOP1: MOV [DI], AL
MOV [DI+01], CL
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END
RESULT:
Thus an assembly language program to decimal subtraction of two 8-bit data using 8086 was
written using 8086 microprocessor. The program was executed using MASM and the output was
verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. How do you calculate the effective address?

2. Define pipelining.
3. Give examples for register addressing mode.
4. List any four logical instructions of 8086.
5. How much memory can be interfaced with 8086?

MATRIX OPERATION
USING 8086 & MASM

EX NO: 13
ADDITION OF TWO n x n MATRIX
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to perform addition two n x n matrices using
8086 microprocessor and MASM.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
4. PC with MASM 1
ALGORITHM
1. Set the Count Value as 04H

2. Set SI register as Pointer for array for 1st Matrix
3. Set DI register as Pointer for array for 2nd Matrix
4. Move Contents of SI register to AL
5. Move contents of DI register to BL
6. Add the contents of AL and BL
7. Move the result from AL register to Memory
8. Increment SI and DI register.
9. Decrement Count Value
10. If Count Value becomes zero, stop the program

HEXA DECIMAL

1000 MOV SI, 1100H Set source index
address as 1100H
Set destination index
1004 MOV DI, 1200H
address as 1200H
Set the count value in

1008 MOV CL, 04H
CL register
Move the data from SI

100B LOOP1 MOV AL, [SI]
Address to AL
100D MOV BL, [DI] Move the data from

DI Address to BL
Add the data BL from
100F ADD AL, BL
AL register
Move the data from AL

1011 MOV [DI], AL
Address to DI address
Increment the SI
1013 INC SI
address value
Increment the DI
1014 INC DI
address value
1015 DEC CL Decrement CL register
If check CL#0 go to
1017 JNZ LOOP1
Loop1 label

OBSERVATION:
1100 1200
1101 1201
1102 1202
1103 1203
1200
1201
1202
1203


CODE SEGMENT
ORG 1000H
MOV SI, 1200H
MOV DI, 1300H
MOV CL, 04H
LOOP1: MOV AL, [SI]
MOV BL, [DI]
ADD AL, BL
MOV [DI], AL
INC SI
INC DI
DEC CL
JNZ LOOP1
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END
RESULT:
Thus an assembly language program to perform the addition of two n x n matrices was
written using 8086 microprocessor. The program was executed using MASM and the output
was verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Define coprocessor.
2. Name any two coprocessors.
3. Mention the operating modes of 8086,
4. List any four arithmetic instructions of 8086.
5. What is the size of instruction queue in 8086?

EX NO: 14
SUBTRACTION OF TWO n x n MATRIX
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to perform subtraction two n x n matrices using
8086 microprocessor and MASM.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
4. PC with MASM 1
ALGORITHM
1. Set the Count Value as 04H

2. Set SI register as Pointer for array for 1st Matrix
3. Set DI register as Pointer for array for 2nd Matrix
4. Move Contents of SI register to AL
5. Move contents of DI register to BL
6. Subtract the contents of AL and BL
7. Move the result from AL register to Memory
8. Increment SI and DI register.
9. Decrement Count Value
10. If Count Value becomes zero, stop the program

HEXA DECIMAL

1000 MOV SI, 1100H Set source index
address as 1100H
Set destination index
1004 MOV DI, 1200H
address as 1200H
Set the count value in

1008 MOV CL, 04H
CL register
Move the data from SI

100B LOOP1 MOV AL, [SI]
Address to AL
100D MOV BL, [DI] Move the data from

DI Address to BL
Subtract the data BL
100F SUB AL, BL
from AL register
Move the data from AL

1011 MOV [DI], AL
Address to DI address
Increment the SI
1013 INC SI
address value
Increment the DI
1014 INC DI
address value
1015 DEC CL Decrement CL register
If check CL#0 go to
1017 JNZ LOOP1
Loop1 label

OBSERVATION:
1100 1200
1101 1201
1102 1202
1103 1203
1200
1201
1202
1203


CODE SEGMENT
ORG 1000H
MOV SI, 1200H
MOV DI, 1300H
MOV CL, 04H
LOOP1: MOV AL, [SI]
MOV BL, [DI]
SUB AL, BL
MOV [DI], AL
INC SI
INC DI
DEC CL
JNZ LOOP1
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END
RESULT:
Thus an assembly language program to perform the subtraction of two n x n matrices

was written using 8086 microprocessor. The program was executed using MASM and the
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is the operating frequency of 8086?

2. Difference between timer and counter.
3. Difference between synchronous and asynchronous?
4. Difference between serial and parallel communication
5. Why 8086 microprocessor is called as 8-bit microprocessor?

STRING MANIPULATION OPERATION

USING 8086 & MASM

EX NO: 15
STORE DATA
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to move a byte of string length 0100 from
accumulator to destination using 8086 & MASM.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
4. PC with MASM 1
ALGORITHM:
2. Move count value in CX reg
3. Point DI at destination array.
4. Move data to AL reg
5. Direction Flag is cleared to SI and DI will auto increment after the loop
6. Store string byte from accumulator to destination
7. Subtract 1 from CX, if CX>0 mean go to step 6
8. Stop the program.

HEXA DECIMAL

Move count value in
1000 MOV CX,0100H
CX reg
Point DI at destination
1004 MOV DI,1100H
array
1008 MOV AL, data Move data to AL reg
100B CLD DF cleared
Store string byte from

100C LOOP1 STOSB accumulator to
destination

100D LOOP LOOP1 CX>0 mean go to
LOOP1
100F HLT Stop the program
OBSERVATION:
100A 1100
1101
11FF


CODE SEGMENT
ORG 1000H
MOV CX, 0100H
MOV DI, 1200H
MOV AL, data
CLD
LOOP1: STOSB
LOOP LOOP1
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END
RESULT:
Thus an assembly language program to perform the store string operation was written
using 8086 microprocessor. The program was executed using MASM and the output was
verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is the function of LOOP instruction?

2. Which instruction is used to enable directional flag?
3. Which instruction is used to disable directional flag?
4. How to calculate source address in string addressing mode?
5. How to calculate destination address in string addressing mode?

EX NO: 16
FIND AND REPLACE DATA
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to find the given data in the array and
replace it with other data using 8086 and MASM.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
4. PC with MASM 1
ALGORITHM:
1. Initialize memory pointer for string.

2. Move the data to be found in AL register and the data to be replaced in BL register
3. Use string instruction to find the data in an array and replace it with the content of BL
register.
4. Stop the execution

HEXA DECIMAL

1000 MOV CX, 0005H Move count value in CX reg
1004 MOV DI, 1200H Point DI at destination array
1008 MOV AL, 45H Move data to AL reg
100B MOV BL, 57H Move data to BL reg
100E CLD DF cleared
Repeat till ZF = 0. Scan

value from [DI] and
100F REPNE SCASB
compare with AL, Increment
DI
1011 DEC DI Decrement the DI register
The content BL register

1012 MOV [DI], BL
given memory to GS
OBSERVATION:
1200 1200
1201 1201
1202 1202
1203 1203
1204 1204


CODE SEGMENT
ORG 1000H
MOV CX, 0005H
MOV DI, 1200H
MOV AL, BEH
MOV BL, ECH
CLD
REPNE SCASB
DEC DI
MOV [DI], BL
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END
RESULT:
Thus an assembly language program to perform find and replace string operation was
was verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. How to identify the given instruction is miscellaneous instruction?

2. Why 10H is multiply with segment in physical memory calculation?
3. What are the index register present in 8086?
4. What are the base registers present in 8086?
5. List the interrupt types in 8086?

SORTING
USING 8086 & MASM

EX NO: 17
ASCENDING ORDER
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program for the sorting in ascending order using 8086
microprocessor & MASM.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
4. PC with MASM 1
ALGORITHM:
2. Move data to CX register
3. Move CX data to D1 register
4. Move 1100H to the BX register
5. Move the content of 1100H to memory of AX
6. Compare the content of AX with 1102H
7. Jump on borrow mean go to step 9
8. Move the data in memory to AX and move Data from AX to pointer address of BX
9. Add Data to BX register
10. Subtract one from CX, if CX>0 mean go to step 5
11. Perform no operation and move data & DI to CX
12. Subtract one from CX, if CX>0 mean Go to the step 3

HEXA DECIMAL

1000 MOV CX,03H Move data to CX reg
1004 LOOP1 MOV DI,CX Move CX data to DI
Move 1100H to the

1006 MOV BX,1100H
BX reg
Move the content of

100A LOOP2 MOV AX,[BX] 1100H to memory of
AX
Compare the content

100C CMP AX,[BX+02H]
of AX with 1102H
100F JB REP Jump on borrow to rep
Exchange the data in

1011 XCHG AX,[BX+02H]
memory & AX
Move data from AX to

1014 MOV [BX],AX
pointer address of BX
Add data to BX
1016 REP ADD BX,02H
register
Subtract one from CX

101A LOOP LOOP2 ,if CX>0 mean go to
LOOP2
101C NOP No operation
Move data of DI to
101D MOV CX,DI
CX
101F LOOP LOOP1 Subtract one from CX

,if CX>0 mean go to

LOOP1
1021 HLT Stop the process
OBSERVATION:
1100 1100
1102 1102
1104 1104
1106 1106


CODE SEGMENT
ORG 1000H
MOV CX, 03H
LOOP1: MOV DI, CX
MOV BX, 1200H
LOOP2: MOV AX, [BX]
CMP AX, [BX+02H]
JB REP
XCHG AX, [BX+02H]
MOV [BX], AX
REP: ADD BX, 02H
LOOP LOOP2
NOP
MOV CX, DI
LOOP LOOP1
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END
RESULT:
Thus an assembly language program to sort the given data in an array in ascending order was
was verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. How minimum mode and maximum mode is selected?

2. Explain the function of MOVSB instruction.
3. Give examples for immediate addressing.
4. What is the basic difference between 8085 and 8086?
5. Why data bus is bi directional?

EX NO: 18
DESCENDING ORDER
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program for the sorting in Descending order using 8086
microprocessor & MASM.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
4. PC with MASM 1
ALGORITHM:
7. Jump on no borrow mean go to step 9

HEXA DECIMAL

Move 1100H to the

1006 MOV BX,1100H
BX reg
Move the content of

AX
Compare the content

of AX with 1102H
Jump on no borrow to
100F JNB REP
rep

memory & AX

1014 MOV [BX],AX
Add data to BX
1016 REP ADD BX,02H
register

LOOP2
Move data of DI to
101D MOV CX,DI
CX

101F LOOP LOOP1 ,if CX>0 mean go to
LOOP1

OBSERVATION:
1100 1100
1102 1102
1104 1104
1106 1106


CODE SEGMENT
ORG 1000H
MOV CX, 03H
LOOP1: MOV DI, CX
MOV BX, 1200H
LOOP2: MOV AX, [BX]
CMP AX, [BX+02H]
JNB REP
XCHG AX, [BX+02H]
MOV [BX], AX
REP: ADD BX, 02H
LOOP LOOP2
NOP
MOV CX, DI
LOOP LOOP1
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END
RESULT:
Thus an assembly language program to sort the given data in an array in Descending order was
was verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What are different parts for 8086 architecture?

2. What is Non-Maskable interrupts?
3. What is meant by Maskable interrupts?
4. What is a SIM and RIM instruction?
5. Define DUP.

SEARCHING
USING 8086 & MASM

EX NO: 19
SMALLEST NUMBER
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program for the searching smallest number in an array
using 8086microprocessor & MASM.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
4. PC with MASM 1
ALGORITHM:
7. Jump on borrow mean go to step 9

13. Move the content of 1100H to BX reg
14. Move the content of BX is moved into specified location
HEXA DECIMAL

Move 1100H to the

1006 MOV BX,1100H
BX reg
Move the content of

AX
Compare the content

of AX with 1102H
100F JB REP Jump on borrow to rep

memory & AX

1014 MOV [BX],AX
Add data to BX
1016 REP ADD BX,02H
register

LOOP2

Move data of DI to
101D MOV CX,DI
CX

LOOP1
Move the content of

1021 MOV BX,[1100H]
1100 to BX reg
Move the content of

1025 MOV [1200H],BX BX is moved into
specified location
OBSERVATION:
1100 1200
1102
1104
1106


CODE SEGMENT
ORG 1000H
MOV CX, 03H
LOOP1: MOV DI, CX
MOV BX, 1200H
LOOP2: MOV AX, [BX]
CMP AX, [BX+02H]
JB REP
XCHG AX, [BX+02H]
MOV [BX], AX
REP: ADD BX, 02H
LOOP LOOP2
NOP
MOV CX, DI
LOOP LOOP1
MOV BX, [1200H]
MOV [1300H], BX
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END
RESULT:
Thus an assembly language program to searching smallest number in an array was written
using 8086 microprocessor. The program was executed using MASM and the output was
verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is the need of LOCK signal?

2. Compare closely coupled and loosely coupled configurations.
3. Differentiate external verses internal bus.
4. Define a multiprocessor system.
5. Give the features of Pentium processor.

EX NO: 20
LARGEST NUMBER
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program for the searching largest number in an array
using 8086 microprocessor & MASM.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
4. PC with MASM 1
ALGORITHM:
7. Jump on no borrow mean go to step 9

13. Move the content of 1100H to BX reg
14. Move the content of BX is moved into specified location
HEXA DECIMAL

Move 1100H to the

1006 MOV BX,1100H
BX reg
Move the content of

AX
Compare the content

of AX with 1102H
Jump on no borrow to
100F JNB REP
rep

memory & AX

1014 MOV [BX],AX
Add data to BX
1016 REP ADD BX,02H
register

LOOP2

Move data of DI to
101D MOV CX,DI
CX

LOOP1
Move the content of

1021 MOV BX,[1100H]
1100 to BX reg
Move the content of

1025 MOV [1200H],BX BX is moved into
specified location
OBSERVATION:
1100 1200
1102
1104
1106


CODE SEGMENT
ORG 1000H
MOV CX, 03H
LOOP1: MOV DI, CX
MOV BX, 1200H
LOOP2: MOV AX, [BX]
CMP AX, [BX+02H]
JNB REP
XCHG AX, [BX+02H]
MOV [BX], AX
REP: ADD BX, 02H
LOOP LOOP2
NOP
MOV CX, DI
LOOP LOOP1
MOV BX, [1200H]
MOV [1300H], BX
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END
RESULT:
Thus an assembly language program to searching largest number in an array was written using
8086 microprocessor. The program was executed using MASM and the output was verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. List out the problems in multiprocessor system.

2. What is meant by numeric processor?
3. List the function of HOLD and HLDA in 8086.
4. What is the significance of MX/MN pin in 8086?
5. Name the three bus allocation scheme used in loosely coupled multiprocessor system.

PASSWORD CHECKING
USING MASM

EX NO: 21
PASSWORD CHECKING
DATE:
AIM:
In a supermarket, there is a computer for staff who is working in stock verification. So

the access to the specific computer application should be restricted to selected people. Now you
are advised to write an assembly language program to verify the predefined password before the
user gaining access to that application using MASM.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. PC with MASM 1
ALGORITHM
1. Initialize memory pointer for pre-defined password and user defined data.
2. Prompt the message to the user to enter the password
3. Verify the user entered password with pre-defined password
4. If zero flag is set then go to step 6
5. Prompt message to user to enter the password again and go to step 2
6. Prompt the message to the user “Authorized person”


ASSUME CS: CODE, DS:CODE
DATA SEGMENT
PASSWORD DB 'MASM1234'
LEN EQU ($-PASSWORD)
MSG1 DB 10, 13,'ENTER YOUR PASSWORD: $'
MSG2 DB 10, 13, 'WELCOME TO ELECTRONICS WORLD!!$'
MSG3 DB 10, 13, 'INCORRECT PASSWORD!$'
NEW DB 10, 13,'$'
INST DB 10 DUP(0)
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
START: ORG 1000H
MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
LEA DX, MSG1
MOV AH, 09H
INT 21H
MOV SI, 00
UP1: MOV AH, 08H
INT 21H
CMP AL, 0DH
JE DOWN
MOV [INST+SI], AL
MOV DL,'*'
MOV AH, 02H
INT 21H
INC SI
JMP UP1
DOWN: MOV BX, 00
MOV CX, LEN
CHECK: MOV AL, [INST+BX]
MOV DL, [PASSWORD+BX]
CMP AL, DL
JNE FAIL
INC BX
LOOP CHECK
LEA DX, MSG2
MOV AH, 09H
INT 21H
JMP FINISH
FAIL: LEA DX, MSG3
MOV AH, 09H
INT 21H
FINISH: INT 3
CODE ENDS
END START
END

RESULT:
Thus the assembly language program to the pre-defined password was tested and verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is the function of ALE?

2. Give examples for indirect addressing mode.
3. Mention the pointers present in this 8086?
5. Why address bus is unidirectional?

ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTOR INTERFACING

USING 8086

EX NO: 22
ADC USING 8086
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to interface ADC with 8086 Microprocessor.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
4. ADC Kit 1
5. Interface card 1
6. Multimeter 1
ALGORITHM:
2. Place jumper J2 in A position.
3. Place jumper J5 in A position.
4. Enter & execute the program.
5. Vary the analog input (using Trim pot) & view the corresponding digital value in the
LED display.

HEXA DECIMAL

Select channel 0 &
1000 MOV AL,10H
ALE low
Content of AL is moved
1003 OUT C8,AL
to ALE port address
Select channel 0 &

1005 MOV AL,18H
ALE high
1008 OUT C8,AL
to ALE port address
100A MOV AL,01H SOC signal high
100D OUT D0,AL
to SOC port address
100F MOV AL,00H Initialize the AL reg
1012 MOV AL,00H Initialize the AL reg
101B OUT D0,AL
to SOC port address
101D HLT Stop the program

OBSERVATION:
Vref=
Analog input Practical Digital Theoretical digital output

voltage output
ADC=(Analog voltage * 2^8)/(Vref)
The data to be outputted to port address c8 for channel 0 an channel 8
CH NO & CH NO &
EOC ALE LOW ALE HIGH
Channel
SI.No ADDRESS
number (Data (Data
(Hexa)
(Hexa)) (Hexa))
1 CHO D8 10 18
2 CH1 D8 11 19
3 CH2 D8 12 1A
4 CH3 D8 13 1B
5 CH4 D8 14 1C
6 CH5 D8 15 1D
7 CH6 D8 16 1E
8 CH7 D8 17 1F
Thus the buffer 74LS244 which transfers the converted data outputs to data bus is
selected when

A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
=C0H
1 1 0 0 0 X X X
The I/O address for the latch 74LS174 which latches the data bus to ADD A, ADD B, ADD
C & ALE 1 & ALE 2 is
A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
=C8H
1 1 0 0 1 X X X
The flip flop 74LS74 which transfers the D0 line status to the SOC pin of the ADC 0809 is
selected when
A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
=D0H
1 1 0 1 0 X X X
The EOC 1 is selected when
A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
=D8H
1 1 0 0 1 X X X
The EOC 2 is selected when
A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
=E0H
1 1 1 0 0 X X X

JUMPER DETAILS:
J2: (SOC jumper selection for ch0 – ch7)
J3: (SOC jumper selection for ch8 – ch15)
J1: (Combined End of the Conversion to CPU interrupts)

J5: (Provision to connect the on board trim pot to any of the below mentioned
channels)
J6: (Provision to connect the on board trim pot to any of the below mentioned
channels)

P2:
RESULT:
Thus the program for converting an input analog signal into digital using 8086 was executed
and verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Define Port.
2. List the types of ADC’s.
3. Give example of ADC IC.
4. What is resolution?
5. List any two machine control instructions of 8086.

DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTOR INTERFACING

USING 8086

EX NO: 23
SQUARE WAVEFORM GENERATION
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to perform a square waveform generation at

DAC 2 output using 8086.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
4. DAC Kit 1
5. Interface card 1
6. Probe 1
7. CRO 1
ALGORITHM:
2. Initialize the AL reg.
3. Content of AL is moved to DAC2 port address
4. Call the delay routine (go to step9)
5. Load the high value to AL reg.
7. Call the delay routine (go to step9)
8. Repeat the program (go to step2).

9. Load the Count value to CX reg.
11. Return to main program.
HEXA DECIMAL

1000 START MOV AL,00H Initialize the AL reg
1003 OUT C8,AL
to DAC2 port address
1005 CALL DELAY Call the delay routine
Load the higher value

1008 MOV AL,FFH
to AL reg
100B OUT C8,AL
100D CALL DELAY Call the delay routine
Jump to starting of the

1010 JMP START
program
Load the count value to

1013 DELAY MOV CX,05FFH
CX reg

1017 LOOP2 LOOP LOOP2
CX>0 mean go to loop2
1019 RET Return to main program

DAC1 is selected
A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
=C0H
1 1 0 0 0 X X X
DAC2 is selected
A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
1 1 0 0 1 X X X =C8H

MODEL GRAPH:
OBSERVATION:
Amplitude (V) Time (ms)
RESULT:
Thus the assembly language program to perform a square waveform generation at

DAC 2 output using 8086 was executed and verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Give examples for conditional jump instructions of 8086.

2. List the types of DAC’s.
3. Give any example for DAC IC.
4. Define duty cycle.
5. What is the function of IN instruction?

EX NO: 24
SAW-TOOTH WAVEFORM GENERATION
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to perform a saw-tooth waveform generation at

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
4. DAC Kit 1
5. Interface card 1
6. Probe 1
7. CRO 1
ALGORITHM:
2. Initialize the AL reg.
4. Increment AL reg.
5. If AL# 0 mean got to step 3.
6. Jump to starting of the program.

HEXA DECIMAL

1000 START MOV AL,00H Initialize the AL reg
1003 LOOP1 OUT C0,AL
1005 INC AL Increment the AL reg
If AL#0 mean go to
1007 JNZ LOOP1
loop1 label
Jump to starting of the

1009 JMP START
program
DAC1 is selected
A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
=C0H
1 1 0 0 0 X X X
DAC2 is selected
A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
=C8H
1 1 0 0 1 X X X

MODEL GRAPH:
OBSERVATION:

RESULT:
Thus the assembly language program to perform a saw-tooth waveform generation at

VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. How the DMA operation performed with 8086?

2. How DMA is initiated?
3. What is DMA? Why do we need DMA?
4. Give the operation modes of 8259A.
5. Name the modes of DMA operation

EX NO: 25
TRIANGULAR WAVEFORM GENERATION
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to perform a triangular waveform generation at

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
4. DAC Kit 1
5. Interface card 1
6. Probe 1
7. CRO 1
ALGORITHM:
2. Initialize the BL reg.
3. Content of BL is moved to AL reg
4. Content of AL reg is moved to DAC2 port address
5. Increment the BL reg.
6. If BL# 0 mean got to step 3.
7. Load the higher value to BL reg.
8. Content of BL is moved to AL reg

9. Content of AL reg is moved to DAC2 port address
10. Decrement the BL reg.
11. If BL# 0 mean got to step 8.
12. Jump to starting of the program.
HEXA DECIMAL

1000 START MOV BL,00H Initialize the BL reg
Content of BL moved
1003 LOOP1 MOV AL,BL
to AL reg
1005 OUT C8,AL
Increment the Content

1007 INC BL
of BL reg
If BL#0 mean got to

1009 JNZ LOOP1
loop1
Load the higher value

100B MOV BL,FFH
to BL reg
Content of BL moved
100E LOOP2 MOV AL,BL
to AL reg
1010 OUT C8,AL
Decrement the content

1012 DEC BL
of BL reg
If BL#0 mean got to

1014 JNZ LOOP2
loop2
Jump to start of the

1016 JMP START
program

DAC1 is selected
A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 =C0H
1 1 0 0 0 X X X
DAC2 is selected
A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
=C8H
1 1 0 0 1 X X X

MODEL GRAPH:
OBSERVATION:
RESULT:
Thus the assembly language program to perform a triangular waveform generation at

VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Mention the applications of 8253.

2. Compare memory mapped I/O and I/O mapped I/O
3. Why is memory interfacing required?
4. What are the differences between LED display and LCD Display?
5. Write 16-bit delay program in 8086.

KEYBOARD AND DISPLAY INTERFACING

USING 8086

EX NO: 26
ROLLING DISPLAY
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to interface 8279 with 8086 Microprocessor.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
8279
4. 1
Interfacing Kit
Interfacing
5. 1
card
ALGORITHM:
1. Start the program.
2. Move the look-up table address into SI reg.
3. Move the count value to the CX reg.
4. Set the display mode setup.
5. Content of AL reg is moved into command reg port address.
6. Clear the display.
8. Set up the write display RAM.
10. Content of look-up table address is moved into AL reg.

11. Content of AL reg is moved into data reg port address.
12. Call the delay label (go to step16)
13. Increment SI reg.
14. Subtract one from CX, if CX>0 mean go to step9.
15. Jump to step2.
16. Move the data to DX reg.
17. Decrement DX reg.
18. If DX#0 mean go to step17.
19. Return to Main program.
HEXA DECIMAL

Move the look-up
1000 START MOV SI,1200H table address into SI
reg
Move the count value

1004 MOV CX,000FH
to the CX reg
1008 MOV AL,10H Set the display mode

setup.
Content of AL reg is
100B OUT C2,AL moved into command
reg port address
100D MOV AL,CCH Clear the display
1010 OUT C2,AL moved into command
reg port address

Set up the write

1012 MOV AL,90H
display RAM
1015 OUT C2,AL moved into command
reg port address
Content of look-up
1017 NEXT MOV AL,[SI] table address is moved
into AL reg.
1019 OUT C0,AL moved into data reg
port address
101B CALL DELAY Call the delay label
101E INC SI Increment SI reg
Subtract one from CX,

101F LOOP NEXT if CX>0 mean go to
step9
Jump to starting of
1021 JMP START
program.
HEXA DECIMAL

Move the data to DX
1500 DELAY MOV DX,A0FFH
reg
1504 LOOP1 DEC DX Decrement DX reg
If DX#0 mean go to
1505 JNZ LOOP1
loop1 label
Return to main
1507 RET
program

LOOK-UP TABLE:
1200
1204
1208
120C
I/O DECODING:
Control / status register is selected
A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
=C2H
1 1 0 0 0 X 1 X
Data register is selected
A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
=C0H
1 1 0 0 0 X 0 X
SEGMENT DEFINITION:
Segment definitions of the seven segment display are shown below .The table shows the
correspondence between the data bus and output port bits of 8279.In order to light up a segment the
corresponding bit of data written into the display RAM should be “0”

Data Bus D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
8279
A3 A2 A1 A0 B3 B2 B1 B0
output
Segments d c b a Dp g f e
DISPLAY MODE SETUP:
The control word for keyboard and display mode is
0 0 0 D D K K K
DD-DISPLAY MODE:
00 - 8 8-bit character display-Left Entry
01 - 16 8-bit character display –Left Entry
10 - 8 8-bit Character display-Right Entry
11 - 16 8-bit character display –Right Entry
KKK- KEYBOARD MODE:
000 - Encoded scan Keyboard-2 key lockout
001 - Decoded scan Keyboard-2 Key lockout
010 - Encoded scan keyboard –N key roll-over
011 - Decoded scan keyboard –N key roll-over
100 - Encoded scan sensor matrix
101 - Decoded scan sensor matrix
110 - Strobed input, encoded display scan
111 - Strobed input Decoded display scan

CLEAR DISPLAY:
The command word format for clear display is
1 1 0 CD CD CD CF CA
CD CD CD –The lower two CD bits specify the blanking code to be sent to the segments to turn them
off while the 8279 is switching from one digit to next.
CD CD
0 X A0-3 B0-3 =00H

1 0 A0-3 B0-3 =20H
1 1 A0-3 B0-3 =FFH
CD – Enables clear display when CD=1. The rows of display RAM are cleared by the code set by
lower two CD bits.
If CD = 0 then content of RAM will be displayed.
CF =1, FIFO status is cleared, interrupt output line is reset .Sensor RAM pointer is set to row 0
CA- Clear All bit has the combined effect of CD and CF .It uses CD clearing code on display RAM and
clears FIFO status. It also resynchronizes the internal timing chain
WRITE DISPLAY RAM:
The write display RAM command word format is
1 0 0 AI A A A A
This command is written with A0=1, all subsequent writes with A0=0 will be the display RAM.
AI- Auto Increment Flag if AI=1 the row address selected will be incremented after each following
read or write to the display RAM.
AAAA- Selects one of the 16 rows of the Display RAM.

OBSERVATION:
Hexa
Word d c b a dp g f e
Equivalent
RESULT:
Thus the assembly language program to interface 8279 with 8086 Microprocessor
was executed and verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is 8279?
2. Mention the display modes of 8279.
3. Explain the function of OUT instruction.
4. How do you program 8279 for a particular application?
5. Define 2 key lock out.

STEPPER MOTOR CONTROL

USING 8086

EX NO: 27
STEPPER MOTOR
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to run the stepper motor in both forward and
reverse direction with delay using 8086 microprocessor.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
4. Interfacing kit 1
5. Stepper Motor 1
ALGORITHM:
2. Set the no of step in forward direction
3. Move the forward direction address DI register
4. Call the rotate label (go to step 15)
5. Decrement the BL register
6. If ZF=1 mean go to step 3
7. Call the delay label (go to step 24)
8. Set the no of step in reverse direction
9. Move the reverse direction address DI register
10. Call the rotate label (go to step 15)
11. Decrement the BL register

13. Call the delay label (go to step 24)
14. Jump to start of program (go to step 2)
15. Set count value to CL register
16. Move Look up table value to AL register
17. Move the content AL to port address IC 74175
18. Move data (1010H) to DX register
19. Decrement the DX register
21. Increment the DI register
22. Subtract one from Cx , if CX>0 mean go to step 16
23. Return from the subroutine
24. Move data (FFFFH) to DX register
25. Decrement the DX register
27. Return from the subroutine
HEXA DECIMAL

Set the no of step in
1000 START MOV BL,20H
forward direction
Move the forward

1003 FORWD MOV DI,FORLOOK direction address DI
register

1007 CALL ROTATE Call the rotate label
Decrement the BL
100A DEC BL
register
If ZF=1 mean go to
100C JNZ FORWD
forwd label
100E CALL DELAY Call the delay label
Set the no of step in

1011 MOV BL,20H
reverse direction
Move the reverse

1014 REVES MOV DI,REVLOOK direction address DI
register
1018 CALL ROTATE Call the rotate label
Decrement the BL
101B DEC BL
register
If ZF=1 mean go to
101D JNZ REVES
REVES label
101F CALL DELAY Call the delay label
Jump to start of
1022 JMP START
program
Set count value to CL

1025 ROTATE MOV CL,04H
register
Move Look up table

1028 REPT MOV AL,[DI]
value to AL register
Move the content AL

102A OUT C0,AL to port address IC
74175
Move data (1010H) to

102C MOV DX,1010H
DX register
Decrement the DX
1030 LOOP1 DEC DX
register

If ZF=1 mean go to
1031 JNZ LOOP1
loop1 label
Increment the DI
1033 INC DI
register
Subtract one from Cx

1034 LOOP REPT , if CX>0 mean go to
REPT label
Return from the

1036 RET
subroutine
Move data (FFFFH)

1037 DELAY MOV DX,0FFFFH
to DX register
Decrement the DX
103B LOOP2 DEC DX
register
If ZF=1 mean go to
103C JNZ LOOP2
loop2 label
Return from the

103E RET
subroutine
LOOK UP TABLE:
FORLOOK 103F 09 05 06 0A
REVLLO 1043 0A 06 05 09

OBSERVATION:
CLOCKWISE DIRECTION ANTI CLOCKWISE DIRECTION
STEP A1 A2 B1 B2 DATA STEP A1 A2 B1 B2 DATA
1 1 0 0 1 09H 1 1 0 1 0 0AH
2 0 1 0 1 05H 2 0 1 1 0 06H
3 0 1 1 0 06H 3 0 1 0 1 05H
4 1 0 1 0 0AH 4 1 0 0 1 09H
IC 74175 is selected with the address
A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
=C0H
1 1 0 0 0 X X X
RESULT:
Thus the assembly language program to run the stepper motor in both forward and
reverse direction with delay using 8086 microprocessor was executed and verified
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Mention the applications of stepper motor.

2. Mention the use of stepper motor.
3. List the modes of Timer in 8051.
4. When is an external memory access generated in 8051?
5. What are the types of sensors used for interfacing?

PARALLEL INTERFACING
USING 8086

EX NO: 28
PARALLEL COMMUNICATION
DATE:
AIM:
To write an ALP to interface 8255 with 8086 and to initialize port a as input port A and
port B as output port in mode 0. The input is to be set by SPDT switches and output is to be
displayed by LED.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
8255
4. 1
Interfacing kit
ALGORITHM:
1. Interface 8086 with PPI (8255)

2. Initialize control word to accumulator for port A to be input port and port B as output port in mode 0
3. Control word from accumulator is moved to control register
4. Set the input by using SPDT switches
5. Verify the output by LED
6. Stop the program

HEXA DECIMAL

Memory location
1000 MOV SI, 1500 address is moved to
SI register
Initialize control word

to accumulator for port
1004 MOV AL, 90H A to be input port and
port B as output port in
mode 0
Control word from
1007 OUT C6, AL accumulator is moved
to control register
1009 IN AL, C0H Set the input by using
SPDT switches
100B MOV [SI], AL Verify the output by
LED
100D HLT Stop the program
OBSERVATION:
LED INPUT ADDRESS DATA
1500
RESULT:
Thus the assembly language program for interfacing 8086 with 8255 is performed and
output is verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is 8255?
2. List the ports of 8255.
3. Specify the operating modes of 8255.
4. Give the control word format of BSR mode.
5. Write the control word format of I/O mode.

TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER INTERFACING

USING 8086

EX NO: 29
TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language to design a traffic light system using 8086

microprocessor.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
Traffic Light
4. 1
Control Kit
ALGORITHM:
1. Initialize DI register and counter.

2. Initialize port the port address
3. Move data to the port
4. Introduce delay
5. Repeat the steps for other conditions

1000 MOV AL, 80

1002 MOV DX, 8006
1005 OUT DX, AX
START: 1006 MOV AL, 61
1008 MOV DX, 8000
100B OUT DX, AL
100C MOV AL, 68
100E MOV DX, 8002
1011 OUT DX, AL
1012 MOV AL, 86
1014 MOV DX, 8004
1017 OUT DX, AL
1018 MOV AL, 60
101A MOV DX, 8000
101D OUT DX, AL
101E MOV AL, 48
1020 MOV DX, 8002
1023 OUT DX, AL
1024 MOV AL, 64
1026 MOV DX, 8000
1029 OUT DX, AL
102A MOV AL, 58
102C MOV DX, 8002
102F OUT DX, AL
1030 CALL 025A
1033 MOV AL, 60
1035 MOV DX, 8000
1038 OUT DX, AL
1039 MOV AL, 48
103B MOV DX, 8002
103E OUT DX, AL
103F MOV AL, 62
1041 MOV DX, 8000
1044 OUT DX, AL
1045 CALL 0253
1048 MOV AL, 60
104A MOV DX, 8000
104D OUT DX, AL
104E MOV AL, 61
1050 MOV DX, 8000
1053 OUT DX, AL
1054 MOV AL, 68
1056 MOV DX, 8002
1059 OUT DX, AL

105A CALL 0253

105D MOV AL, 41
105F M OV DX, 8000
1062 OU T DX, AL
1063 MO V AL, 06
1065 MO V DX, 8004
1068 OUT DX, AL
1069 MOV AL, 49
106B MOV DX, 8000
106E OUT DX, AL
106F MOV AL, 26
1071 MOV DX, 8004
1074 OUT DX, AL
1075 CALL 025A
1078 MOV AL, 41
107A MOV DX, 8000
107D OUT DX, AL
107E MOV AL, 06
1080 MOV DX, 8004
1083 OUT DX, AL
1084 MOV AL, 51
1086 MOV DX, 8000
1089 OUT DX, AL
108A MOV AL, 46
108C MOV DX, 8004
108F OUT DX, AL
1090 CALL 0253
1093 MOV AL, 41
1095 MOV DX, 8000
1098 OUT DX, AL
1099 MOV AL, 06
109B MOV DX, 8004
109E OUT DX, AL
109F MOV AL, 61
10A1 MOV DX, 8000
10A4 OUT DX, AL
10A5 MOV AL, 86
10A7 MOV DX, 8004
10AA OUT DX, AL
10AB CALL 0253
10AE MOV AL, 60
10B0 MOV DX, 8002
10B3 OUT DX, AL
10B4 MOV AL, 82
10B6 MOV DX, 8004
10B9 OUT DX, AL

10BA MOV AL, 62

10BC MOV DX, 8002
10BF OUT DX, AL
RESULT:
Thus the traffic light system is designed and tested successfully using 8086 assembly
language programming.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. How do you configure 8086 in min mode and max mode?

2. What is maximum mode?
3. Compare Macro and procedure.
4. Explain the function of DAA.
5. Name any two I/O instructions.

8-BIT ARITHMETIC OPERATION

USING 8051

EX NO: 30
ADDITION OF TWO 8-BIT DATA
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to perform addition of two 8-bit data using
8051
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8051 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
ALGORITHM:

2. Initialize the external memory address in DPTR
3. Initialize R0 register for the carry.
4. Get the augend and store in register A
5. Get the addend and store in register B
6. Perform addition
7. If the carry flag is not set then go to step 9
8. Increment R0 register
9. Store the sum and carry in memory.

PROGRAM:
HEXA DECIMAL

4100 CLR C Clear the carry flag
Load the result address
4101 MOV DPTR,#4200H to DPTR
4104 MOV R0, #00H Clear the R0 register
Move data1 to A
4106 MOV A,#data1
register
4108 ADD A,#data2 Add data1 & data2
If CY=0 mean go to
410A JNC LOOP1
Loop1 label
410C INC R0 Increment R0 register
Store addition result to

410D LOOP1 MOVX @DPTR,A
4200H
Move the content of

410E MOV A, R0
R0 to A register
Increment the Data

4110 INC DPTR
pointer
Store carry result to

4111 MOVX @DPTR,A
4201H
4112 LOOP2 SJMP LOOP2 Short jump

OBSERVATION:
4105 4200
4107 4201
RESULT:
Thus the assembly language program for 8-bit addition using 8051 is performed and the output is
verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. List some of the 8051 microcontroller manufacturers.

2. What is difference between microprocessor and microcontroller?
3. List out some of the features of the 8051
4. Mention the applications of 8051.
5. What is the size of internal memory?

EX NO: 31
SUBTRACTION OF TWO 8-BIT DATA
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to perform subtraction of two 8-bit data using
8051
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8051 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
ALGORITHM:

2. Initialize the external memory address in DPTR
3. Initialize R0 register for the carry.
4. Get the minuend and store in register A
5. Get the subtrahend and store in register B
6. Perform subtraction
7. If the carry flag is not set then go to step 9
8. Increment R0 register
9. Store the subtraction and carry in memory.

PROGRAM:
HEXA DECIMAL

4100 CLR C Clear the carry flag
4104 MOV R0, #00H Clear the R0 register
Move data1 to A
4106 MOV A,#data1
register
Subtract data2 from

4108 SUBB A,#data2
data1
If CY=0 mean go to
410A JNC LOOP1
Loop1 label
410C INC R0 Increment R0 register
Store subtraction result

410D LOOP1 MOVX @DPTR,A
to 4200H
Move the content of

410E MOV A, R0
R0 to A register
Increment the Data

4110 INC DPTR
pointer
Store carry result to

4111 MOVX @DPTR,A
4201H

OBSERVATION:
4105 4200
4107 4201
RESULT:
Thus the assembly language program for 8-bit subtraction using 8051 is performed and
the output is verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is the clock frequency of 8051?

2. Define SFR.
3. List any two arithmetic instructions of 8051.
4. Mention the various types of addressing modes of 8051.
5. What are the flags available in 8051?

EX NO: 32
MULTIPLICATION OF TWO 8-BIT DATA
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to perform multiplication of two 8-bit data

using 8051
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8051 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
ALGORITHM:
2. Clear the carry flag
3. Load the result address to DPTR
4. Move data1 to A reg
5. Multiply data1 & data2
6. Store content of A reg (LSB) result to 4200H
7. Increment data pointer
8. Move content of B reg (MSB) to A reg
9. Store content of A reg (MSB) to 4201H

PROGRAM:
HEXA DECIMAL

Clear the carry flag
4100 CLR C

4104 MOV A,#data1 Move data1 to A reg
4106 MOV B,#data2 Move data2 to B reg
Multiply content of A
4109 MUL AB
& B reg
Store result of LSB to

410A MOVX @DPTR,A
4200H
410B INC DPTR Increment data pointer
Move MSB of
410C MOV A,B multiply (B reg) result
to A reg
Store MSB result to

410E MOVX @DPTR,A
4201H
410F LOOP1 SJMP LOOP1 Short jump
OBSERVATION:
4105 4200
4108 4201

RESULT:
Thus the assembly language program for 8-bit multiplication using 8051 is performed and the
output is verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What are the ports of 8051?

2. Define PSW.
3. List the registers of 8051.
4. Mention any four logical instructions of 8051.
5. What is the function of DPTR?

EX NO: 33
DIVISION OF TWO 8-BIT DATA
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to perform division of two 8-bit data using 8051
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8051 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
ALGORITHM:
2. Clear the carry flag
3. Load the result address to DPTR
4. Move data1 to A reg
5. Divide data1 & data2
6. Store content of A reg (quotient) result to 4200H
7. Increment data pointer
8. Move content of B reg (reminder) to A reg
9. Store content of A reg (reminder) to 4201H

PROGRAM:
HEXA DECIMAL

4100 CLR C

4106 MOV B,#data2 Move data2 to B reg
Divide content of A &

4109 DIV AB
B reg
Store result of quotient

410A MOVX @DPTR,A
to 4200H
410B INC DPTR Increment data pointer
Move reminder (B
410C MOV A,B
reg) result to A reg
Store reminder result

410E MOVX @DPTR,A
to 4201H
410F LOOP1 SJMP LOOP1 Short jump
OBSERVATION:
4105 4200
4108 4201

RESULT:
Thus the assembly language program for 8-bit division using 8051 is performed and the output is
verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. List the alternate functions of port 3.

2. What is the use of PCON register?
3. How many timers are present in 8051?
4. Mention the interrupt sources in 8051.
5. What is the use of IE register?

8-BIT LOGICAL OPERATION

USING 8051

EX NO: 34
LOGICAL AND OF TWO 8-BIT DATA
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to perform AND operation using 8051
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8051 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
ALGORITHM:
2. Get 1st operand in Accumulator.
3. Get 2nd operand and AND it with accumulator content.
4. Store the result in memory.

PROGRAM:
HEXA DECIMAL

4100 MOV A,#DATA1 Move data1 to acc
AND with data1 &

4102 ANL A,#DATA2 data2
Move result address to

4104 MOV DPTR,#4200H
data pointer
Store AND result to

4107 MOVX @DPTR,A
4200H
OBSERVATION:
4101
4103 4200
RESULT:
Thus an assembly language program to perform AND operation using 8051is written and
the output is verified successfully.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is masking?
2. How to set a lower nibble?
4. Mention the timer modes of 8051.
5. What is the memory size of 8051?

EX NO: 35
LOGICAL OR OF TWO 8-BIT DATA
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to perform OR operation using 8051
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8051 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
ALGORITHM:
3. Get 2nd operand and OR it with accumulator content.

PROGRAM:
HEXA DECIMAL

4102 ORL A,#DATA2 OR with data1 & data2

data pointer
Store OR result to
4107 MOVX @DPTR,A
4200H
OBSERVATION:
4101
4103 4200
RESULT:
Thus an assembly language program to perform OR operation using 8051is written and
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. When is an external memory access generated in 8051?

2. What are the types of ADC?
3. What are the types of sensors used for interfacing?
4. Give the priority level of the interrupt sources in 8051.
5. Give examples of sensors and state its uses.

EX NO: 36
LOGICAL XOR OF TWO 8-BIT DATA
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to perform EX-OR operation using 8051
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8051 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
ALGORITHM:
3. Get 2nd operand and EX-OR it with accumulator content.

PROGRAM:
HEXA DECIMAL

EX-OR with data1 &

4102 XRL A,#DATA2 data2

data pointer
Store EX-OR result to

4107 MOVX @DPTR,A
4200H
OBSERVATION:
4101
4103 4200
RESULT:
Thus an assembly language program to perform XOR operation using 8051is written and
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Compare polling and interrupt.

2. Define baud rate of 8051.
3. What is the function of SM2 bit present in SCON register in8051?
4. How is A/D converter interfaced with 8051?
5. Give steps to program 8051for serial data transfer.

EX NO: 37
2’S COMPLEMENT OF TWO 8-BIT DATA
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to perform 2’s complement operation using

8051
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8051 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
ALGORITHM:
2. Get data in Accumulator.
3. Take 1’s complement of data.
4. Move result address to Data Pointer.
5. Store 1’s Complement result to 4200H.
6. Increment the content of A & DPTR reg.
7. Store 2’s Complement result to 4201H.

PROGRAM:
HEXA DECIMAL

4100 MOV A,#DATA Move data to acc
4102 CPL A Complement the data
Move result address

to data pointer
Store 1’s complement

4106
MOVX @DPTR,A result to 4200H
Increment the content

4107 INC A
of A reg
Increment the content

4108 INC DPTR
of DPTR reg
Store 2’s complement

4109 MOVX @DPTR,A
result to 4201H
410A LOOP1 SJMP LOOP1 Short jump
OBSERVATION:
4101 4200
4201

RESULT:
Thus an assembly language program to perform 2’s complement operation using 8051is
written and the output is verified successfully.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is key denouncing?

2. What are the types of interrupt in 8051?
3. Differentiate between timer and counter.
4. Define interrupt.
5. State how baud rate is calculated for serial data transfer in mode 1

SQUARE OPERATION
USING 8051

EX NO: 38
SQUARE OF AN 8-BIT DATA
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to perform square of an 8-bit data using 8051
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8051 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
ALGORITHM:
1. Load accumulator A with 8 bit data.

2. Move the 8 bit data to B register.
3. Multiply A and B to obtain square of a number.
4. Move the result to B register.
5. Move to the memory locations.
6. Stop the program

PROGRAM:
HEXA DECIMAL

4100 CLR C

4106 MOV B,A Move data1 to B reg
4108 MUL AB
& B reg
Store result of LSB to

4109 MOVX @DPTR,A
4200H
410A INC DPTR Increment data pointer
Move MSB of
410B MOV A,B multiply (B reg) result
to A reg
Store MSB result to

410D MOVX @DPTR,A
4201H
410E LOOP1 SJMP LOOP1 Short jump
OBSERVATION:
4105 4200

RESULT:
Thus the assembly language program for square of an 8-bit 8051 is performed and the output is
verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Define baudrate.
2. List any two data transfer instructions of 8051.
3. What is immediate addressing mode?
4. State the function of RS1 and RS0 bits in the flag register of 8051.
5. Draw the pin diagram of 8051.

CUBE OPERATION
USING 8051

EX NO: 39
CUBE OF AN 8-BIT NUMBER
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to perform cube of an 8-bit data using 8051
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8051 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
ALGORITHM:
1. Load accumulator A with 8 bit data.

2. Move the 8 bit data to B register.
3. Multiply A and B to obtain cube of a number.
4. Move to the memory locations.
5. Stop the program

PROGRAM:
HEXA DECIMAL

4100 CLR C

4106 MOV R0,A Move data1 to R0 reg
4109 MUL AB
& B reg
Load B reg value into

410A PUSH B
stack
Move A reg value to B

410C MOV B,A
reg
Move R0 reg value to

410E MOV A, R0
A reg
410F MUL AB
& B reg
Store result of A reg

4110 MOVX @DPTR,A
to 4200H
Move B reg value to A

4111 MOV A,B
reg
Move A reg value to

4113 MOV R1,A
R1 reg
Load Stack value into

4114 POP B
B reg

Move R0 reg value to

4116 MOV A, R0
A reg
4117 MUL AB
& B reg
Add the value of A reg

4118 ADD A, R1
& R1 reg
4119 INC DPTR Increment data pointer

411A MOVX @DPTR,A
to 4201H

411B MOV A, B
reg
Add the value of A reg

411D ADDC A, #00H
& 00H data
411F INC DPTR Increment data pointer

4120 MOVX @DPTR,A
to 4202H
OBSERVATION:
4105 4200
4201
4202

RESULT:
Thus the assembly language program for cube of an 8-bit 8051 is performed and the output is
verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Draw the diagram of TCON in 8051.

2. Draw the diagram of TMOD in 8051.
3. Draw the diagram of SCON in 8051.
4. Write an 8051 ALP to toggle P1 a total of 200 times. Use RAM location 32H to hold
your counter.
5. Give the priority level of the interrupt sources in 8051.

CODE CONVERSION
USING 8051

EX NO: 40
UNPACKED BCD TO ASCII
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to convert unpacked BCD to ASCII of an 8-bit

number using 8051 microcontroller.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8051 kit 1
2. Power Card 1
3. Keyboard 1
ALGORITHM:
1. Load a 8 bit data into accumulator.
2. Move contents of A to R1 and Clear A register.
3. Add contents of A AND R1.
4. Increment DPTR register.
5. Add A and R1 contents.
6. Jump to loop if carry flag is set.
7. Add A contents and 07.
8. Increment DPTR register.
9. Stop the Program.

PROGRAM:
HEXA DECIMAL

4100 CLR C

Logical AND with

4108 ANL A, #0FH
data1 & OFH
410A ADD A, #30H Add data 30H to A reg

410C MOVX @DPTR,A
to 4200H

410D MOV A,B
reg
Logical AND with

410F ANL A, #F0H
data1 & F0H
Exchanges the low-

order and high-order
4111 SWAP A
nibbles within the
accumulator
4112 ADD A, #30H Add data 30H to A reg
4114 INC DPTR Increment data pointer

4115 MOVX @DPTR,A
to 4201H

OBSERVATION:
4105 4200
4201
RESULT:
Thus the assembly language program for convert unpacked BCD to ASCII using 8051 is performed
and the output is verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Define DPTR.
2. If a12Mhz crystal is connected with8051, how much is the time taken for the count in timer
0 to get incremented by one?
3. What is the use of TCON register?
4. What is the use of TMOD register?
5. Mention the serial communication modes of 8051.

ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
BEYOND THE SYLLABUS

EX NO: 41
PALINDROME CHECKING USING TASM
DATE:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program get the string from user and check the string is
palindrome or not using TASM.
ALGORITHM:

2. Prompt the message to the user to enter the string
3. Initialize the counter as zero as zero, get the string as the character one by one until user press the
enter key by incrementing counter
4. Initialize the counter as zero, get the string and reverse the given string
5. Compare the string and the reversed string
6. If zero flag = 0, prompt the given string is not palindrome else prompt the given string is palindrome
7. Stop the program

PROGRAM:
DISP MACRO
MSG LEA DX,
MSG MOV AH,
9H
INT
21H
ENDM
.MODEL SMALL
.STACK 100
.DATA
CR EQU
0DH LF
EQU 0AH
STRING DB 40 DUP
(?) RSTRING DB 40
DUP(?)
MSG DB CR, LF,’ ENTER THE STRING:$’
MSGR DB CR, LF, ‘REVERSE OF THE STRING:$’
MSGP DB CR, LF, ‘THE GIVEN STRING IS PALINDROME$’
MSGNP DB CR, LF, ‘THE GIVEN STRING IS NOT
PALINDROME$’ AGAIN DB CR, LF, ‘PRESS 1 TO TRY
AGAIN$’
THANKS DB 0AH, 10, 13, ‘THANKS FOR USING THIS PROGRAM$’, 13, 10,’$’
.CODE MAIN PROC
START: MOV AX, @DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV ES, AX
DISP.MSG
LEA SI, STRING
CALL GETSTRING
NEXT: MOV AL,’$’
MOV [SI], AL
MOV BX,CX
LEA DI, RSTRING
CALL REVERSESTRING
MOV AL, ‘$’
MOV [DI], AL
DISP MSGR
DISP RSTRING
MOV CX, BX
LEA DI, STRING
LEA SI, STRING
REP CMPSB
JNE NOTPALINDROME

DISP MSGP
JMP EXIT
NOTPALINDROME:DISP
MSGNP
EXIT: DISP AGAIN
MOV AH,
01H INT
21H
CMP
AL,31H JE
START
DISP
THANKS
MOV AH,
4CH INT
21H MAIN
ENDP
GETSTRING
PROC READCHAR:MOV
AH,01H
INT 21H
CMP
AL,CR JE
NEXT
MOV [SI],
AL INC SI
INC CX
JMP READCHAR
RET
GETSTRING ENDP
REVERSESTRING
PROC
REVERSE:DEC SI 3128 ACT
MOV DL,
[SI] MOV
[DI], DL
INC DI
LOOP REVERSE
RET
REVERSESTRING
ENDP END
RESULT:
Thus an ALP to get the string from user and checked the given string is palindrome or not
using TASM.

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EC8681 - MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS LABORATORY III YEAR

AGNI COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHENNAI

8086 Programs using kits and MASM

1. Basic arithmetic and Logical operations

Peripherals and Interfacing Experiments

7. Traffic light control

8051 Experiments using kits and MASM

14. Basic arithmetic and Logical operations

DEPARTMENT OF ECE, ACT Page 1

The student should be made to:

• Introduce ALP concepts and features

• Differentiate Serial and Parallel Interface

• Interface different I/Os with Microprocessors

• Be familiar with MASM

At the end of the course, the student should be able to:

DEPARTMENT OF ECE, ACT Page 2

21. Password Checking

DEPARTMENT OF ECE, ACT Page 4

16-BIT ARITHMETIC OPERATION

DEPARTMENT OF ECE, ACT Page 5

S.NO COMPONENTS QUANTITY

1. Start the program

2. Get the first data in AX register pair

3. Get the second data in BX register pair

4. Initialize the CL register

5. Add the first data & second data

6. Store the sum in the specified location

7. If no carry flag mean jump to step 9

8. Increment the CL register

9. Store the carry in the specified location

10. Stop the program

DEPARTMENT OF ECE, ACT Page 6

PROGRAM: (Using 8086)

ADDRESS OPCODE LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENTS

Move data from memory

1008 MOV CL,00H Initialize the C register

Add the first data &

Store the sum in the

if no carry flag mean

1013 INC CL Increment the C register

Store the carry in the

1019 HLT Stop the program

BEFORE EXECUTION AFTER EXECUTION

ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA

DEPARTMENT OF ECE, ACT Page 7

PROGRAM: (Using MASM)

ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: CODE, SS: CODE

DEPARTMENT OF ECE, ACT Page 8

S.NO COMPONENTS QUANTITY

1. Start the program

2. Get the first data in AX register pair

3. Get the second data in BX register pair

4. Initialize the CL register

5. Subtract the second data from first data

6. Store the subtraction result in the specified location

7. If no carry flag mean jump to step 9

8. Increment the CL register

9. Store the carry in the specified location

10. Stop the program

DEPARTMENT OF ECE, ACT Page 9

PROGRAM: (Using 8086)

ADDRESS OPCODE LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENTS

Move data from memory