WIRELESS AND MOBILE COMMUNICATION

LAB TASK – 3
SLOT : L1+ L2
TEAM : AYUSH GURTU (Reg.No : 17BEC0185)
AISHWARYA.A (Reg.No : 17BEC0131)
E B EKAMBARAESWAR (Reg.No : 16BEC0616)
AIM:

1. To simulate a 2X1 SIMO system by assuming that the channels between the transmitter and the
receiver are independent, identically distributed and Rayleigh faded.
2. To investigate the SER performance for MRC and SC diversity technique and compare.

THEORY:
In SIMO technique, there is only one transmitting antenna and multiple receiving antennas at receiving
end; this helps to increase the receiving diversity at the receiving end as compared with SISO.
(Diversity is a technique by which we transmit many copies of the signal or versions of the signal but
effected with different fading over time, frequency or space.)
SIMO has found out his applications in encountering the effects of ionosphere fading for
listening and receiving short waves.
The advantage of SIMO over SISO is that it gives improve diversity than SISO and due to this SIMO
can give a better BER analysis than SISO.
In SIMO the signals are received by multiple antennas and they are then combined by the diversity
technique of Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) and Selection Combining (SC)
Selection combining (SC) used in spatial diversity systems involves the sampling of several antenna
signals, and sending the largest one to the demodulator. Selection combining (SC) is relatively easy to
implement but not optimal because it does not make use of all the received signals simultaneously.

• The advantage of SC is that it does not require any additional RF receiver chain.
• All receive antennas share a single RF receiver chain. This keeps the cost down.
• In practice the strongest signals are selected because it is difficult to measure SNR alone.
In Maximal ratio combining (MRC), the signals from all of the several branches are weighted
according to their individual SNRs and then summed. The individual signals are co phased before being
summed.
MATLAB CODE:
clear; clc; close

%% 2X1 SIMO (Single Output Multiple Input )( 1 Tx and 2 Rx)

N=10^5;
Eb_N0_db=-10:40;
Eb_N0=10.^(Eb_N0_db./10);

demod_sc=zeros(1,N); demod=zeros(1,N);

for i =1:length(Eb_N0_db)

% input QPSK signal

ip=(2*(rand(1,N)>0.5)-1)+1i*(2*(rand(1,N)>0.5)-1);
s=(1/sqrt(2))*ip;

% AWGN for two recievers

n1=1/sqrt(2)*(randn(1,N)+1i*randn(1,N))
;
n2=1/sqrt(2)*(randn(1,N)+1i*randn(1,N))
;

% Rayleigh Fading coefficients for two independent channels

h1=abs((1/sqrt(2))*(randn(1)+1i*randn(1)));
h2=abs((1/sqrt(2))*(randn(1)+1i*randn(1)));

%% Selection Combining (SC)

h_sc = sqrt(max(abs(h1)^2, abs(h2)^2));

if h_sc==h1; n=n1; else; n=n2; end y_sc
= h_sc*s + (1/Eb_N0(i))*n;

y_r=real(y_sc);y_im=imag(y_sc);

demod_sc(y_r<0 & y_im<0)= -1 - 1i;

demod_sc(y_r>=0 & y_im>0)= 1 + 1i;
demod_sc(y_r<0 & y_im>=0)= -1 + 1i;
demod_sc(y_r>=0 & y_im<0)= 1 - 1i;

err_sc(i)=length(find(demod_sc-ip));

%% Maximum-Ratio Combining (MRC)

h_mrc = sqrt(h1^2 + h2^2);

y_mrc = h_mrc*s + (1/Eb_N0(i))*((h1/h_mrc)*n1 + (h2/h_mrc)*n2);

y_r_mrc=real(y_mrc);y_im_mrc=imag(y_mrc);

demod(y_r_mrc<0 & y_im_mrc<0)= -1 - 1i;

demod(y_r_mrc>=0 & y_im_mrc>0)= 1 + 1i;
demod(y_r_mrc<0 & y_im_mrc>=0)= -1 + 1i;
demod(y_r_mrc>=0 & y_im_mrc<0)= 1 - 1i;

err_mrc(i)=length(find(demod-ip));
end
ser_sc = err_sc/N;
ser_mrc = err_mrc/N;

semilogy(Eb_N0_db, ser_sc,'o-','Linewidth',1.5); hold on

semilogy(Eb_N0_db, ser_mrc,'d-','Linewidth',1.5); hold off

xlabel('Eb/N0 db');
ylabel('SER (Symbol Error Rate)');
title('SER Analysis of SIMO (QPSK modulation)')
legend('SC','MRC');

Result:

Inference:
• As the SNR increases the SER in case of MRC diversity technique will be less than that in
case of SC diversity technique.
• MRC has better performance than SC.