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OBE attainment
◦ PO (Program Outcome)
PO1: Apply knowledge of mathematics, sciences, engineering
fundamentals and engineering specialization to solve complex
engineering problems
PO2: Ability to identify, formulate and solve engineering problems,
including complex engineering problems, using the principles of
mathematics, basic and applied science and engineering
fundamentals.
PO3: Conduct investigations of complex problems via literature
review, design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data as
well as synthesis of information to provide valid conclusions.
◦ CO (course Outcome)
◦ CO1- Select suitable control elements for a particular control system
◦ CO2 -Design control system for a given process.
◦ CO3 -Demonstrate the process dynamic response for any given system
Manual Control
◦ Before process automation, people, rather than
machines, performed many of the process
control tasks. Control operations that involve
human action to make an adjustment are
called manual control systems.
Automatic Control◦
◦ Control operations in which no human
intervention is required, are called automatic
control systems
What if….
SAFETY
PRODUCT QUALITY
PRODUCTION RATES
REDUCE ENERGY
Why we need to control a process?
◦ Because processes are dynamic – changes
always occurred
*dynamic
time-dependent behavior of a process.
There are many applications where part
or all of a process has to be controlled.
e.g.
temperature
pressure
flow
level
composition
others
Automatic Control
◦ Maintaining the process variables
(temperature, pressures, flows, compositions)
at some desired operating value.
input
output
SYSTEM
VARIABLES
Controlled variable:
Temperature in the room
Manipulated variable:
Speed of the fan
Disturbance:
Weather
An Everyday Example of Process
Control
Driving a Car
Control Objective (Setpoint):
Maintain car in proper lane.
Controlled variable-
Location of car on the road
Manipulated variable-
Orientation of the front wheels
Disturbance-
Curve in road
Exercise
Select one control objective from a simple process and
determine the controlled variable, manipulated variable and
disturbances of the process.
HEAT EXCHANGER
Steam in
Steam out
HEAT EXCHANGER
Steam in
(Manipulated variables)
(Controlled variables)
Fluid in Fluid out
Heat Exchanger
Ti T desired
(Load disturbances )
Steam out
(Uncontrolled variables)
THREE BASIC COMPONENT OF
CONTROL SYSTEM
Measurement (M)
◦ measure the variable to be controlled.
sensor-transmitter combination
Decision (D)
◦ Controller decides what to do to maintain the
variables at its desired value
feedback controller
Action (A)
◦ System must take an action based on controller’s
decision
control valve (final control element)
Another important term
TT Measure
Fluid in Fluid out
Heat Exchanger
Ti T desired
Steam out
Steam in
TC
(Manipulated variables)
TT
Fluid in Fluid out
Heat Exchanger
Ti T desired
M
Q
w, T