TEMA 3 : Penerokaan Unsur dalam Alam

Bidang Pembelajaran

Jirim
BAB 5 Matter

Konsep PENTING
IMPORTANT concepts

Pengasingan bahan
dalam campuran
Separation of the
contoh Sifat fizik Sifat kimia substances in a
examples Physical properties Chemical properties mixture
as as
Faktor Takat lebur dan Pengaratan dan Berdasarkan
penghubung takat didih pembakaran ketumpatan dan
Relating factor Melting and boiling Rusting and takat didih
points combustion Based on the density
and boiling point

Perubahan keadaan
Tiga keadaan jirim jirim
contoh The three states of Kadar resapan Changes of state of
examples matter The rate of diffusion matter
as as
Faktor Pepejal, cecair dan Lebih perlahan dalam Pendidihan dan
penghubung gas pepejal daripada kondensasi
Relating factor Solid, liquid and gas cecair Boiling and
Slower in a solid than condensation
in a liquid

APAKAH JIRIM?
WHAT IS MATTER?

Semua benda hidup dan benda bukan hidup yang terdapat di sekeliling anda terdiri daripada jirim.
Tahukah anda, udara malah bakteria seni yang tidak dapat dilihat dengan mata kasar juga terdiri
daripada jirim? Apakah yang membentuk jirim?
All living and non-living things that you see around you consist of matter. Did you know that air and even
minute bacteria which cannot be seen with the naked eye are also made of matter? What is matter
made up of?

63
 NOTA BESTARI
Jirim
1. Semua benda hidup dan benda bukan hidup adalah
jirim yang mempunyai jisim dan memenuhi ruang.
2. Mengikut teori kinetik jirim, jirim terdiri daripada
zarah-zarah yang sangat kecil dan diskret kerana
terdapat ruang di antaranya.
3. Zarah-zarah kecil ini merupakan unit asas bagi jirim
dan dikenal sebagai atom. Atom ialah zarah yang
paling kecil dan semua bahan dibina daripada atom.
4. Sifat fizik suatu jirim dapat diperhatikan atau diukur
tanpa mengubah komposisinya. Contoh sifat fizikal
jirim adalah kekerasan, warna, bau, kebolehan melarut,
takat lebur, takat beku, takat didih, kekonduksian haba,
ketumpatan dan kelikatan.
5. Sifat kimia adalah kebolehan suatu jirim berubah
menjadi bahan lain. Contoh sifat kimia adalah
pengaratan, kebolehbakaran dan pengoksidaan.
BAB
Pengasingan Bahan daripada Pelbagai Ciri
5
1. Bahan-bahan berlainan dalam suatu campuran boleh
dikelaskan berdasarkan ciri bahan tersebut.
2. Ciri-ciri yang dapat digunakan untuk tujuan tersebut
termasuklah ketumpatan, takat lebur, takat didih,
dan keterlarutan.
Perubahan Keadaan Jirim
1. Jirim boleh wujud dalam tiga keadaan, iaitu pepejal,
cecair atau gas.
2. Susunan zarah-zarah dalam jirim menentukan keadaan
suatu jirim sama ada pepejal, cecair atau gas.
3. Perubahan keadaan jirim melibatkan penyerapan
atau pembebasan haba.
4. Takat suhu tidak berubah semasa perubahan keadaan
jirim seperti peleburan.
5. Contoh-contoh perubahan keadaan jirim dalam
kehidupan harian termasuklah pemejalwapan ais
kering di atas pentas dan pembekuan air membentuk
ais.
Pergerakan Zarah-zarah dalam Jirim
1. Resapan berlaku dengan paling perlahan dalam
keadaan pepejal kerana zarah-zarah pepejal tersusun
rapat antara satu dengan yang lain.
2. Zarah-zarah meresap perlahan dalam cecair.
3. Zarah-zarah meresap paling laju dalam keadaan gas
disebabkan ruang yang paling besar dalam keadaan
gas.
64
Matter
1. All living and non-living things which are matter have
mass and occupy space.
2. According to the kinetic theory of matter, matter is
made up of very small and discrete particles because
there are spaces between them.
3. These small particles are the basic units of matter and
are known as atoms. Atoms are the smallest particles
and all substances are made up of atoms.
4. Physical properties of matter can be observed or
measured without changing the composition of
matter. Examples of physical properties of matter are
hardness, colour, odour (smell), solubility, melting,
freezing and boiling points, heat conductivity, density,
and viscosity.
5. A chemical property is the ability of matter to change
into other substances. Examples of chemical properties
of matter are rusting, flammability and oxidation.
Separation of Substances by Using Various
Properties
1. The different substances in a mixture can be classified
according to their properties.
2. Properties that can be used for this purpose include
the density, melting and boiling points, and solubility.
Changes of State of Matter
1. Matter exists in three states, which are the solid, liquid
or gaseous states.
2. The arrangement of the particles in matter determines
the state of matter whether it is solid, liquid or gas.
3. The change of state of matter involves absorption or
release of heat.
4. The temperature remains unchanged during a change
of state of matter such as melting.
5. Examples of the changes of state of matter in everyday
life include the sublimation of dry ice on the stage and
the freezing of water to form ice.
The Movement of Particles in Matter
1. Diffusion takes place very slowly in the solid state
because the particles in solids are arranged close to
one another.
2. Particles diffuse slowly through a liquid.
3. Particles diffuse the fastest in the gaseous state
because the space are the biggest in the gaseous
state.
Nota Grafik
 Standard Kandungan
5.1 Jirim dalam alam Tarikh:

5.1 EKSPERIMEN Jirim mempunyai jisim dan memenuhi ruang PBD

KBAT INKUIRI Matter has mass and occupies space Penemuan

Inkuiri
Buku teks m/s 139 – 140 Aktiviti 5.1
Tujuan Menunjukkan jirim mempunyai jisim dan memenuhi ruang
To show that matter has mass and occupies space

Bahan dan Dua biji belon, air, benang, pita selofan, kertas tisu, daun, pembaris meter, jarum, kaki
Radas retort dan pengapit, besen, gelas, penimbang digital
Two balloons, water, thread, sellotape, tissue paper, leaves, metre rule, needle, retort stand
and clamp, basin, glass, digital balance

Prosedur Jalankan aktiviti dalam jadual. Nyatakan pemerhatian anda dan berikan sebab.
Carry out the activities in the table. State your observations and give reasons.

Aktiviti/Activity Pemerhatian/Observation
1 Udara di dalam belon Q
Pembaris meter terlepas dan pembaris
Metre rule
Benang condong
Thread Pita selofan ke sebelah
Sellotape kiri .
Belon escapes
Balloon Jarum/needle The air in balloon Q
P Q
and the ruler tilts to the

BAB
• Sediakan susunan radas seperti di atas. left .
Set up the apparatus as shown above.
• Imbangkan dua biji belon pada pembaris meter.
Balance two balloons on a metre rule.
Sebab/Reason:
Udara mempunyai jisim
5
• Gunakan jarum untuk mencucuk belon Q has mass
melalui pita selofan. Air
Use a needle to prick balloon Q through the
sellotape.

2 Kertas tisu tidak basah .

Ditekan
Kertas tisu Pressed
Air tidak memasuki bikar.
Tissue paper
Besen/Basin The tissue paper is not wet .
Bikar/Beaker Water does not enter the
Air/Water beaker.
Sebab/Reason:
• Tekan sebuah bikar kosong yang mengandungi
kertas tisu ke dalam sebuah besen yang berisi Udara memenuhi ruang
air. Air occupies space
Press an empty beaker containing tissue paper
into a basin of water.

3 Neraca digital menunjukkan

bacaan .
The digital balance show a
reading .
Sebab/Reason:
Daun mempunyai jisim
• Timbangkan beberapa helai daun dengan The leaves have mass
sebuah neraca digital.
Weight a few pieces of leaves using a digital
balance.

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 Perbincangan 1 Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan jirim? TP1
What is meant by matter?
Jirim ialah bahan yang mempunyai jisim dan memenuhi ruang .
Matter is a substance which has mass and occupies space .
2 Berikan tiga objek di sekeliling anda yang mempunyai jisim dan memenuhi ruang.
Give three objects around you which have mass and occupy space. TP1
Meja, pen dan kerusi (sebarang objek)
Table, pen and chair (any object)

3 Lengkapkan peta buih di bawah dengan contoh jirim dengan menggunakan perkataan
yang diberi. TP1
Complete the bubble map below with the examples of matter using the words given.

Asap/Smoke Air/Water Bunyi/Sound Benang/Thread

Cahaya/Light Tanah/Soil Haba/Heat Graviti/Gravity

Asap
Smoke
BAB

5 Tanah Jirim Air

Soil Matter Water

Benang
Thread

4 Berikan sebab-sebab yang menerangkan aktiviti-aktiviti yang berikut. TP2

Give reasons that explain the following activities.

(a) (b)

Belon
Balloon

Neraca tuas menunjukkan bacaan jisim. Seorang budak lelaki meniup sebiji belon.
The lever balance shows a reading of A boy blows a balloon.
mass. Sebab/Reason:
Sebab/Reason: Udara memenuhi ruang .
Benda hidup mempunyai jisim . Air occupies space .
A living thing has mass .

Kesimpulan Benda hidup dan benda bukan hidup mempunyai jisim dan
memenuhi ruang .
Living things and non-living things have mass and occupy
space Praktis
. Kendiri

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 Tarikh:

5.2 EKSPERIMEN Sifat fizik dan sifat kimia jirim PBD

KBAT INKUIRI Physical and chemical properties of matter Penemuan

Inkuiri
Buku teks m/s 140 – 142
Tujuan Mengkaji sifat fizik dan sifat kimia jirim
To study the physical and chemical properties of matter

Bahan dan Air suling, air, kiub ais, serbuk garam biasa, etanol, rod kuprum, rod kaca, paku tekan,
Radas lilin, spatula, tabung didih, termometer, bikar 250 ml, penunu Bunsen, tungku kaki tiga,
kasa dawai, kayu, mangkuk penyejat
Distilled water, water, ice cube, common salt powder, ethanol, copper rod, glass rod, thumbtack,
wax, spatula, boiling tube, thermometer, 250 ml beaker, Bunsen burner, tripod stand, wire
gauze, wood, evaporating dish

Prosedur 1 Jalankan aktiviti-aktiviti dalam jadual di bawah.

Carry out the activities in the table below.
2 Perhatikan perubahan dan nyatakan jenis sifat yang dikaji sama ada sifat fizik atau
sifat kimia.
Observe the changes and, state the types of properties studied whether physical property
or chemical property.
Pemerhatian dan jenis sifat
Aktiviti
Observations and types of
Activity
properties

BAB
A. Takat lebur dan takat didih 0
• Takat lebur ais = °C

5
The melting and boiling points
Melting point of ice
Termometer • Takat didih air = 100 °C
Thermometer Boiling point of water
Bikar • Bahan baharu
Beaker
tidak terbentuk .
Kiub ais
Kasa dawai Ice cubes A new substance is
Wire gauze not formed .
Tungku kaki tiga
Tripod stand
Jenis sifat/Type of property:
Sifat fizik
Panaskan/Heat Physical property

1 Sediakan susunan radas seperti yang ditunjukkan

dalam rajah di atas.
Set up the apparatus as shown in the above diagram.
2 Rekodkan takat lebur ais.
Record the melting point of ice.
3 Kemudian, panaskan kiub ais sehingga air yang
terbentuk mendidih.
Then, heat the ice cubes until the water formed boils.
4 Rekodkan takat didih air.
Record the boiling point of water.

B. Pengaratan
Bahan baharu terbentuk .
Rusting
A new substance is
Perhatikan paku besi yang formed .
berkarat.
Observe rusty iron nails. Jenis sifat/Type of property:
Sifat kimia
Chemical property

67
 Pemerhatian dan jenis sifat
Aktiviti
Observations and types of
Activity
properties
C. Kekonduksian haba/Heat conductivity jatuh
Kayu
• Paku tekan .
Rod kuprum/Copper rod
Wood The thumbtack drops .
Lilin/wax
Penunu • Bahan baharu
Bunsen tidak terbentuk .
Bunsen
Burner Paku tekan/Thumbtack
A new substance is not
formed .
1 Sediakan susunan radas seperti di atas.
Jenis sifat/Type of property:
Set up the apparatus as shown above.
2 Lekatkan satu paku tekan pada hujung rod kuprum. Sifat fizik
Attach a thumbtack at one end of the copper rod. Physical property
3 Panaskan satu hujung lain rod.
Heat the other end of the rod.
4 Rekodkan pemerhatian./Record the observation.

D. Kebolehan melarut/The solubility • Serbuk garam biasa

Tabung Goncang sedikit serbuk melarut dalam air.
didih garam biasa dalam air dan The common salt powder
Boiling
tube
rekodkan pemerhatian. dissolves in water.
BAB

Shake some common salt • Bahan baharu

powder in water and record tidak terbentuk .

5
the observation.
Air Serbuk garam A new substance is not
Water biasa formed .
Common salt
powder
Jenis sifat/Type of property:
Sifat fizik
Physical property

E. Kebolehbakaran/Flammability terbakar
• Etanol .
Nyalaan/Flame The ethanol burns .
terbentuk
• Bahan baharu .
Etanol/Ethanol formed
A new substance is .
1 Tuangkan sedikit etanol ke dalam mangkuk Jenis sifat/Type of property:
penyejat dan nyalakannya./Pour some ethanol into
an evaporating dish and lit it. Sifat kimia
2 Rekodkan pemerhatian./Record the observation. Chemical property

Perbincangan 1 Nyatakan dua sifat jirim. TP1

State the two properties of matter.
Sifat fizik dan sifat kimia./Physical and chemical properties.

2 Kenal pasti sifat yang diberi sama ada sifat fizik (F) atau sifat kimia (K). TP2
Identify the given properties whether it is physical (P) or chemical properties (C).
Praktis (a) Ketumpatan/Density (F/P) (d) Pengoksidaan/Oxidation (K/C)
Kendiri
(b) Keracunan/Toxicity (K/C) (e) Pereputan/Decay (K/C)
(c) Kemuluran/Ductile (F/P) (f) Keradioaktifan/Radioactivity (K/C)

Kesimpulan Sifat fizik jirim tidak melibatkan pembentukan bahan baharu manakala
sifat kimia jirim melibatkan pembentukan bahan baharu.
Physical properties do not involve the formation of new substances while
chemical properties involve the formation of new substances.

68
 Tarikh:

5.3 EKSPERIMEN Pengelasan bahan berdasarkan pelbagai ciri PBD

KBAT INKUIRI Classification of subtances based on various properties Penemuan

Inkuiri
Buku teks m/s 144 Aktiviti 5.3
Tujuan Mengelaskan bahan berdasarkan perbezaan sifat fizik daripada aspek ketumpatan dan
keterlarutan dalam air
To classify the substances based on the difference in physical properties in the aspect of
density and solubility in water

Bahan dan Pasir, guli, ranting kayu, lilin, gabus, garam, gula, alkohol, minyak masak, air, bikar, rod
Radas kaca
Sand, marble, twig, candle, cork, salt, sugar, alcohol, cooking oil, water, beaker, glass rod

Prosedur 1 Masukkan bahan-bahan dalam jadual di bawah satu demi satu ke dalam sebuah bikar
yang berisi air. Minyak masak dimasukkan pada akhir sekali.
Put the substances in the table below one by one, into the beaker containing water. The
cooking oil is put last.

2 Rekodkan pemerhatian anda dengan menandakan:

Rekod your observations by putting a:

Jika bahan itu terapung (kurang tumpat daripada air) atau larut dalam air
(dikacau dengan rod kaca).
✓
If the substance floats (less dense than water) or dissolve in water (is stirred

BAB
with a glass rod).

5
Jika bahan itu tenggelam dalam air (lebih tumpat daripada air) atau tidak
larut dalam air.
✗
If the substance sinks in water (denser than water) or does not dissolve in
water.

Pemerhatian Bahan Terapung (kurang tumpat daripada air) Larut dalam air
Substances Float (less dense than water) Dissolve in water

Pasir
Sand ✗ ✗

Guli
Marble ✗ ✗

Ranting kayu
Twig ✓ ✗

Lilin
Candle ✓ ✗

Gabus
Cork ✓ ✗

Garam
Salt – ✓

Gula
Sugar – ✓

Alkohol
Alcohol – ✓

Minyak masak
Cooking oil ✓ ✗

69
 Perbincangan 1 Apakah sifat-sifat fizik bahan yang dikaji dalam aktiviti ini? TP1
What are the physical properties studied in this activity?
Ketumpatan dan keterlarutan dalam air
The density and the solubility in water.

2 Mengapakah sifat-sifat bahan di soalan 1 merupakan satu sifat fizik? TP2

Why are the properties of matter in question 1 is a physical property?
Bahan baharu tidak terbentuk .
A new substance is not formed .
3 Kelaskan bahan-bahan dalam aktiviti ini daripada aspek ketumpatan dan keterlarutan
dalam air dalam peta pokok dan peta dakap di bawah. TP2
Classify the substances in this activity in the aspect of density and the solubility in water,
in the tree map and brace map below.
(a) Berdasarkan ketumpatan.
Based on density

Bahan-bahan/Substances
BAB

Kurang tumpat daripada air Lebih tumpat daripada air

Less dense than water Denser than water

5 Ranting kayu/Twig Pasir/Sand

Lilin/Candle Guli/Marble
Minyak masak/Cooking oil
Gabus/Cork

(b) Berdasarkan keterlarutan dalam air

Based on the solubility in water

Garam/Salt
Larut dalam air Gula/Sugar
Soluble in water
Alkohol/Alcohol

Bahan-bahan
Substances
Pasir/Sand
Guli/Marble
Tidak larut dalam air Ranting kayu/Twig
Insoluble in water
Lilin/Candle
Minyak masak/Cooking oil
Gabus/Cork

Kesimpulan Bahan-bahan boleh dikelaskan berdasarkan perbezaan sifat fizik daripada aspek
ketumpatan dan keterlarutan dalam air .
Substances can be classified based on the difference in physical properties, in the aspect of
density and solubility in water .

70
 Standard Kandungan
5.2 Tiga keadaan jirim Tarikh:

5.4 EKSPERIMEN Zarah-zarah seni dan diskret membentuk jirim PBD

KBAT INKUIRI Tiny and discrete particles form a matter Penemuan

Inkuiri
Buku teks m/s 145 –146
Tujuan Menunjukkan bahawa jirim terdiri daripada zarah-zarah seni yang diskret
To show that matter are made up of tiny and discrete particles

Bahan dan Air, hablur kuprum(II) sulfat, bikar

Radas Water, copper(II) sulphate crystals, beaker

Prosedur

Air
Water

Hablur kuprum(II) sulfat

Copper(II) sulphate crystals

1 Kacau beberapa ketul hablur kuprum(II) sulfat di dalam sebuah bikar yang berisi air
dan catatkan pemerhatian.

BAB
Stir a few pieces of copper(II) sulphate crystals in a beaker containing water and record
the observation.
2 Tambahkan air ke dalam bikar sehingga penuh dan perhatikan sebarang perubahan
pada warna larutan. 5
Add water to the beaker until it is full and observe any change in the solution.

Pemerhatian 1 Sebelum ditambah air, larutan biru tua terbentuk.

Before adding water, a dark blue solution is formed.
2 Selepas ditambah air, larutan biru muda kelihatan.
After adding water, a light blue solution appears.

Perbincangan 1 Apakah yang membentuk jirim? TP1

What is matter made up of?
Zarah-zarah seni yang diskret .
Tiny and discrete particles.
2 Jelaskan pemerhatian anda berdasarkan teori kinetik jirim selepas air ditambah ke
dalam larutan kuprum(II) sulfat. TP4/KBAT
Explain your observation based on the kinetic theory of matter after water is added into
copper(II) sulphate solution.

Jauh Seni Bergerak Diskret

Further Tiny Move Discrete

Zarah-zarah seni dan diskret kuprum(II) sulfat bergerak secara rawak

pada semua arah dan lebih jauh
antara satu dengan yang lain.
The tiny and discrete copper(II) sulphate particles always move randomly
in all directions and further among each other.

Kesimpulan Jirim terdiri daripada zarah-zarah seni yang diskret .

Matter are made up of tiny and discrete particles.

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 Tarikh:

5.5 AKTIVITI Perbezaan ciri-ciri jirim (pepejal, cecair dan gas) PBD
KBAT PERBINCANGAN Different properties of matter (solid, liquid and gas) Masteri

Buku teks m/s 146 – 147

Lengkapkan jadual tentang perbezaan ciri jirim. TP2 HEBAT Sains Modul 18
Complete the table on the differences between the properties of matter.

Ciri-ciri/Property Pepejal/Solid Cecair/Liquid Gas/Gas

Rajah
Diagram

Praktis
Kendiri

1 Susunan zarah Sangat rapat Kurang rapat Berjauhan dan

Arrangement of dan tersusun dan tersusun secara tidak tersusun
sama
particles tidak teratur
secara teratur sekali
Very Further Far
close apart apart and
orderly not orderly not arranged at all
and and
BAB

arranged arranged

5 2 Pergerakan Bergetar pada Perlahan , secara Laju , secara

zarah kedudukan tetap rawak dan rawak dan
Movement of Vibrate at berlanggaran berlanggaran
particles fixed positions Slow , random Fast , random
and collide with one and collide with one
another another

3 Ruang antara Sangat kecil Kecil Besar

zarah/Spaces Very small Small Big
between particles

4 Tarikan antara Sangat kuat Lemah Sangat lemah

zarah/Attraction Very strong Weak Very weak
between particles

5 Tenaga kinetik Sangat rendah Rendah Sangat tinggi

Kinetic energy Very low Low Very high

6 Bentuk Tetap Mengikut bentuk bekas Mengikut bentuk bekas

Shape Fixed Follows the shape of Follows the shape of
the container the container

7 Isi padu/Volume Tetap/Fixed Tetap/Fixed Tidak tetap/Not fixed

8 Kebolehmampatan Tidak boleh Sukar Boleh

Compressibility Cannot Difficult Can

AKTIVITI HANDS-ON
Eksperimen Wajib 9: Kadar resapan zarah (rujuk silang m.s. 187 – 188)
Compulsory Experiment 9: The rate of diffusion of the particles (cross-reference pp. 187 – 188)

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 Tarikh:

5.6 AKTIVITI Perubahan keadaan jirim PBD

KBAT PERBINCANGAN Changes in the state of matter Kontekstual

Buku teks m/s 151 – 153

1 Nyatakan proses yang terlibat dalam perubahan keadaan jirim. Kemudian, lengkapkan ruangan
berdasarkan teori kinetik jirim. TP4/KBAT
State the processes involved in the following changes of state of matter. Then, complete the spaces based
on the kinetic theory of matter.

Pemejalwapan Pembekuan Kondensasi Peleburan Bergetar

Sublimation Freezing Condensation Melting Vibrate
Pendidihan atau penyejatan Mendekati Menyerap Lebih cepat Membebaskan
Boiling or evaporation Closer Absorb Faster Release
Sangat perlahan Rapat Berjauhan
Very slowly Closer Further apart

Proses/Process

P: Peleburan/Melting

P Solid/Pepejal T Q: Pembekuan/Freezing
Q U
R: Pendidihan atau penyejatan
Boiling or evaporation

BAB
R
S: Kondensasi/Condensation

5
S
Liquid/Cecair Gas/Gas T: Pemejalwapan/Sublimation

U: Pemejalwapan/Sublimation

P Zarah menyerap haba dan bergetar lebih cepat.

Particles absorb heat and vibrate faster.

Q Zarah membebaskan haba dan bergerak sangat perlahan dan berkumpul rapat .
Particles release heat, and move very slowly and gather closer together.

R Zarah menyerap haba, bergerak lebih cepat dan berjauhan antara

satu dengan yang lain.
Particles absorb heat, move faster and further apart from one another.

S Zarah membebaskan haba dan mendekati antara satu dengan yang lain.
Particles release heat and move closer to each other.

2 Azlan memerhatikan termometer semasa proses peleburan ais dan pendidihan air seperti pada rajah
di bawah.
Azlan observed the thermometer during the melting of ice and boiling of water as shown in the diagram
below.

Termometer
Thermometer

Ais
Ice

73
 Dia mendapati suhu ketika kedua-dua proses tersebut kekal tidak berubah. Terangkan apa yang
berlaku dengan memilih jawapan yang betul./He found that the temperatures during the two processes
remain unchanged. Explain what happens by choosing the correct answers. TP4/KBAT

Tenaga haba yang dibekalkan (diserap, dibebaskan) untuk mengatasi daya (tarikan, tolakan) antara
zarah-zarah. Zarah-zarah dapat bergerak dengan lebih (cepat, perlahan). Hal ini menyebabkan
perubahan keadaan jirim daripada (pepejal, cecair) kepada (pepejal, cecair) semasa peleburan dan
daripada (cecair, gas) kepada (cecair, gas) semasa pendidihan.
The heat energy supplied is (absorbed, released) to overcome the forces of (attraction, repulsion) between
the particles. The particles move (faster, slower). This results in a change of the state of matter from
(solid, liquid) to (solid, liquid) during melting or from (liquid, gas) to (liquid, gas) during boiling.

3 Rajandran mendapati bahawa jisim gula kekal tidak berubah walaupun dilarutkan dalam air seperti
yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah di bawah. Gurunya, Puan Hamidah menyatakan semua jisim bahan
adalah tidak berubah semasa perubahan fizik./Rajandran found that the mass of sugar remained
unchanged even when it was dissolved in water as shown in the diagram below. His teacher, Puan
Hamidah, states that all the mass of substances is unchanged during physical changes. TP4/KBAT

Rod kaca
Glass rod
Air
BAB

Water
Gula
Sugar

5 Berdasarkan pengetahuan anda tentang jirim, terangkan mengapa.

Based on your knowledge on matter, explain why.
Kendiri
Praktis

Jisim adalah kekal tidak berubah kerana kuantiti zarah-zarah kekal tidak berubah . Perubahan
yang berlaku hanya pada tenaga kinetik zarah-zarah tersebut.
The mass remains unchanged as quantities of particles remains unchanged. The changes occur
only on the kinetic energy of the particles.
4 Nyatakan perubahan keadaan jirim yang berlaku dalam kehidupan harian seperti yang ditunjukkan
di bawah./State the changes of state of matter in everyday life as shown below. TP2

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Pembentukan awan. Penyediaan garam Ubat gegat mengecil. Air dipanaskan dalam
Formation of clouds. daripada air laut. Mothballs become cerek.
Preparation of salt smaller. Water is heated in a
from sea water. kettle.
Kondensasi Penyejatan Pemejalwapan Pendidihan
Condensation Evaporation Sublimation Boiling

AKTIVITI HANDS-ON
Eksperimen Wajib 10 & 11: Suhu dan jisim kekal semasa perubahan fizik (rujuk silang m.s. 189 – 192)
Compulsory Experiment 10 & 11: The temperature and mass remain the same during physical change (cross-reference pp. 189 – 192)

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 PT3 PRAKTIS PENGUKUHAN 5 KOMPONEN
PP

Arahan: Jawab semua soalan.

Instructions: Answer all questions.
Bahagian A/Section A
1 Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan
zarah dalam jirim K, L dan M.
Diagram 1 shows the
arrangement of particles in
matters K, L and M.
K L M
Rajah 1/Diagram 1
Which of the following
substances are represented by
K, L and M?
Antara bahan berikut, yang
manakah diwakili oleh K, L dan
2 Rajah 2 menunjukkan seorang
murid mengepam tayar basikal.
Diagram 2 shows a student
pump the bicycle tyre.
Rajah 2/Diagram 2
Antara yang berikut, yang
manakah menerangkan kenapa
tayar basikal semakin
3 Antara yang berikut, yang mana-
kah merupakan sifat kimia jirim?
Which of the following is the
chemical properties of matter?
I Takat lebur/Melting point
II Pengaratan/Rusting
III Pembakaran/Combusting
IV Ketumpatan/Density
A I dan/and II
B I dan/and IV
C II dan/and III
D III dan/and IV
4 Apakah perubahan keadaan
jirim yang berlaku apabila
seketul mentega dipanaskan

BAB
mengembang. di dalam kuali?
M? Which of the following explains What is the change in the state of
K L M
5
why the punctured tyre becomes matter that occurs when a piece
A Air Oksigen Besi bigger? of butter is heated in a pan?
Water Oxygen Iron A Udara mempunyai jisim A Peleburan
Air has mass Melting
B Hidrogen Minyak Kuprum
B Udara mempunyai berat B Penyejatan
Hydrogen Oil Copper
Air has weight Evaporation
C Gula Ais Alkohol C Udara memenuhi ruang C Kondensasi
Sugar Ice Alcohol Air occupies space Condensation
D Besi Alkohol Minyak D Udara mengembang D Pemejalwapan
Iron Alcohol Oil Air expands Sublimation

Bahagian B/Section B
1 (a) Jirim dibina daripada zarah-zarah seni yang diskret. Lengkapkan petak di bawah dengan perkataan yang
diberi. TP1
Matter are made up of tiny and discrete particles. Complete the boxes below with the word given.

Pepejal/Solid Cecair/Liquid

(i) Cecair/Liquid (ii) Pepejal/Solid

[2 markah/2 marks]
(b) Lengkapkan pernyataan di bawah./Complete the statements below. TP2
Zarah-zarah gas berjauhan antara satu dengan yang lain. Hal ini demikian kerana terdapat
ruang yang besar di antara zarah-zarah gas./Gas particles are far apart from each other.
This is because there are big spaces between the gas particles.
[2 markah/2 marks]

75
 Bahagian C/Section C
2 (a) Ahmad menelangkupkan sebiji gelas dengan kertas tisu kering pada dasarnya ke dalam air di dalam
besen seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.1.
Ahmad inverted a glass containing some dry tissue paper at its base into water in a basin, as shown in the
Diagram 2.1.
Apakah yang dapat diperhatikan? Terangkan jawapan
anda./What can be observed? Explain your answer.
TP4/Menganalisis
Kertas tisu Kertas tisu masih kering. Udara memenuhi ruang
Tissue paper
Besen di dalam gelas. Aras air tidak dapat naik.
Basin
The tissue paper stays dry. Air occupies the space in
the glass. The water level does not rise.
Rajah 2.1/Diagram 2.1 [3 markah/3 marks]
(b) Ahmad mengisi sebahagian daripada picagari dengan pasir. Apabila omboh ditolak, isi padu picagari
berkurang seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.2.
Ahmad filled part of a syringe with sand. When the piston is pushed, the volume in the syringe decreases as
shown in the Diagram 2.2.

Ditolak
Is pushed
BAB

Bukaan tertutup Bukaan tertutup

5 Opening closed Pasir/Sand

Rajah 2.2/Diagram 2.2

Opening closed Pasir/Sand

Terangkan daripada segi susunan zarah-zarah mengapa omboh dapat ditolak masuk walaupun pasir ialah
sejenis pepejal. TP4/Menganalisis
Explain in the aspect of the arrangement of the particles, why the piston can be pushed in although sand is
a type of solid.
Terdapat ruang kosong antara zarah-zarah pasir. Zarah-zarah pasir masuk mengisi ruang antara zarah.
There are spaces between the particles of sand. The sand particles enter to fill the spaces between them.
[2 markah/2 marks]
(c) Ahmad ingin membuat kerja rumah./Ahmad wants to do his homework.

Walaupun air didih dan stim merekodkan suhu 100ºC, stim masih dikatakan mempunyai lebih banyak
tenaga./Although both boiling water and steam record a temperature of 100ºC but still steam is said to
have higher energy.

Apakah penerangan yang boleh ditulis oleh Ahmad?/What explanation can Ahmad write? TP3/Mengaplikasi
Air didih merupakan cecair manakala stim merupakan gas. Zarah-zarah gas mengandungi tenaga
kinetik yang lebih tinggi.
The boiled water is a liquid while the steam is a gas. The gas particles contain higher kinetic energy.
[2 markah/2 marks]
(d) Terangkan mengapa bau minyak wangi di dalam botol yang terbuka boleh dikesan dengan
cepat di seluruh bilik. TP4/Menganalisis
Explain why the smell of perfume in an opened bottle can be detected all over the room very quickly.
Cecair minyak wangi menyejat membentuk zarah-zarah gas. Zarah-zarah gas mempunyai Praktis
Formatif
tenaga kinetik yang tinggi dan bergerak secara rawak dengan cepat ke semua arah.
The perfume evaporates to form gas particles. The gas particles move randomly and quickly to all
direction.
[3 markah/3 marks]

76