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ABSTRACT
Optimizing energy efficiency is always a consideration for every researchers and consumers. This study
aimed to prove which air conditioner is better by comparing between inverter and non-inverter type of air
conditioners. The study used two models of air conditioners, an inverter and a non-inverter air conditioner
with same horsepower capacity to be compared in terms of its energy efficiency, economical projectability
and noise output. It was seen that inverter type air conditioner has better efficiency, better economical
projectability in the longer run, and produces less noise for its operation. Inverter type air conditioner was
the suggested option between the two types for potential consumers.
1. INTRODUCTION
It is not a hidden secret that every consumers and suppliers alike aim to maximise the efficiency
of every electrical appliances that are used in everyday lives. In air conditioner circumstances,
it is widely believed that inverter type air conditioner is the go-to air conditioner, as opposed to
the standard one. Inverter air conditioner is a type of air conditioner that is said to have better
energy efficiency and reduced noise [1]. Since 1980s, the usage of inverter air conditioner for
commercial and residential purpose becomes increasingly popular owing to its saving energy
[2].
In hot and humid all year country like Malaysia, the dependence on air conditioner is thought
to be higher than four-seasoned countries which most likely depend on air conditioner in
summer. In Malaysia, the average yearly household energy consumption of air conditioner is
only surpassed by cooking gas, and its usage is far higher than ceiling fans and refrigerator [3].
It was also seen that mean household energy consumption for household that has air conditioner
was 1.4 times larger than household without air conditioner [3].
Since air conditioner consumes huge amount of energy compared to other appliances,
maximising its efficiency is almost a must. This study provides detailed information regarding
the comparisons between non-converter type air conditioner and converter type air conditioner.
For a fair judgement, two air conditioners with different types but have the same horsepower
will be compared and analyzed. The air conditioner chosen for standard air conditioner is
Hisense AN13TQG 1.5HP and the chosen model for inverter air conditioner is Hisense
AI13CAG 1.5HP.
1
ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND DRIVES
2.2 Specifications
HP 1.5HP 1.5HP
2
ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND DRIVES
Low 34 32
(dB (A))
Table 1 shows some of the most important specifications of both models of air conditioner [4]
[5].
Based on Table 1, the energy efficiency rating (EER) for cooling for model AN13TQG is 3.27
while AI13CAG is rated at 4.6. Energy class for AN13TQG is 3 stars and model AI13CAG is
classed at 4 stars. For both of these specifications, the more the rated value, the less it consumes
energy hence the more the efficiency is. Even though both of the models have the same cooling
capacity of 12,283(Btu/h), the average energy consumption per year for standard air conditioner
model is 1721kWh while the inverter model is only at 1289.7kWh. Just in a span of year, the
average difference of energy consumption is a staggering 431.3kWh.
The price of a single unit of model AN13TQG is sold at RM999 in Malaysia [6], while a single
unit of model AI13CAG is priced at RM1339 [7]. In Malaysia, electrical energies are supplied
by Tenaga Nasional Berhad(TNB). Below are the pricing and tariffs that are charged by TNB
[8]:
3
ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND DRIVES
From Table 1, the average energy consumption for model AN13TQG is 1721kWh and model
AI13CAG is 1289.7kWh. In a month, the energy consumption is 143.42kWh and 107.48kWh
respectively. By using the tariffs rate by TNB in Figure 3, or just simply by using bill
calculator supplied by TNB [9], in a single month AN13TQG model user has to pay
RM31.27 while AI13CAG model user has to pay RM23.42 of electricity bill. Inclusive the
price of a single unit air conditioner, AN13TQG model user will spend RM1030.27 while
AI13CAG user will spend RM1362.42. Below are the costs for first six months of air
conditioners usage:
1800
1596.76
1600 1538.49
1483.03
1387.55 1427.57 1381.56
1362.43
1400 1298.57
Month Expenses (RM)
1217.21
1200 1143.21
1030.27 1071.6
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1 2 3 4 5 6
Month
AN13TQG AI13CAG
Figure 4: Graph of first six months expenses for both air conditioners model
From Figure 4, although the initial cost for using the non-inverter model(AN13TQG) is
cheaper in the first month compared to the inverter model(AI13CAG), the prices difference
4
ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND DRIVES
between the two models can be seen to be closer as more months passes by. Below are the
expenses for both air conditioners in the first six years of usage:
8000
7109.61
7000
6067.96 5883.32
6000
Year Expenses (RM)
5026.3 5102.71
5000
4322.11
3984.65
4000 3541.51
3000 2760.92943
19011980.3
2000
1000
0
1 2 3 4 5 6
Year
AN13TQG AI13CAG
Figure 5: Graph first six years expenses for both air conditioners model
However, from Figure 5, although in the first year the cost of using AN13TQG is a bit lower
than using the AI13CAG model, the expenses for using standard air conditioner model is
more expensive compared to the inverter model as year passes by. In short, although inverter
model costs more initially, but in the long run it takes less toll on the user’s expenses.
From Table 1, the indoor unit noise level of model AN13TQG ranges from 34-39dB while
AI13CAG indoor unit noise level ranges from 32-38dB. The outdoor unit noise level of
model AN13TQG is 51dB while model AI13CAG has a noise level of only 49dB. While
these noise differences parameters are not as crucial compared to its efficiency, the less noise
produced by the inverter model is certainly will be appreciated by its users. The inverter
model also offers better mobility as both its indoor and outdoor model is lighter compared to
the standard non-inverter air conditioners.
In general, air conditioners regulate set temperature by cooling when the temperature is above
the set temperature and heating when temperature is below the desired temperature [10]. This
situation makes the air conditioners have to regularly change the intensity it operates on its load.
To do this, in an inverter air conditioner, the inverter maintains the temperature by varying the
speed of the compressor motor. The DC inverter technology has a drive that can alters the
frequency to control the speed of the motor. The drive converts incoming AC current to DC,
thus increasing its efficiency [11].
5
ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND DRIVES
However, in a standard non-inverter air conditioner, the speed of the compressor cannot be
varied. Because it is fixed, temperature regulation has to be done with turning the motor ON
and OFF repeatedly [10]. The motor either run at full or minimum speed, in which the
alternation between those two operations consumes more energy. This situation also triggers a
huge fluctuation of in indoor room temperature.
4. CONCLUSION
Energy efficiency rating (EER) for inverter type air conditioners is higher than the standard
non-inverter air conditioners, hence inverter air conditioners is certainly the better go-to choice
for consumers. Although its initial price is more expensive than standard air conditioner, due to
its low energy consumption, it is more economical to the user in the long run. Inverter air
conditioners also produce less noise compared to standard air conditioners.
In an inverter air conditioner, the temperature is regulated by varying the motor speed. Thus, it
is unnecessary to turn the motor ON and OFF repeatedly. Due to this reason alone an inverter
air conditioner has a powerful energy saver potential.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This study is assigned as assignment for students of EPO554 as part of their carry marks. Special
tribute to both lecturers, Sir Aimi Idzwan Tajudin and Dr Ahmad Asri Abd Samat for giving us
an early exposure to academic paper writing. This experience will surely be helpful to the
students in the future.
REFERENCES
6
ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND DRIVES
7
Company profile
Hisense Co., Ltd. is a Chinese multinational major appliance and electronics
manufacturer headquartered in Qingdao. Hisense has been a sponsorship
partners of several event such as UEFA EURO 2016, FIFA World Cup 2018
and we become the official partner of UEFA EURO in year 2020!
1 2 3 4
Super Energy Long Technology
Cooling Saving Duration Support
With ‘Super’ Cooling Hisense inverter 1.0HP, Hisense air-conditioner With the strong strength
button and with average energy using high quality material of global R&D, Hisense
long distance airflow, consumption per year such as 100% copper air-onditioner includes the
Hisense air-condtioner 962.5 kWh which is more piping, blue fin, to ensure latest inverter technology
can cool your cost effective and our product can last such as wide frequency
house faster. energy saving. longer. We are giving control and low voltage
2 years whole parts operation.
warranty for Non-inverter
models and 3 years whole
parts warranty for inverter
models.
2
R&D Centers
300 2000+
R&D Engineer Technology Patents
Press the “SUPER” button in the remote controller to immediately feel the cool air you desire, especially in hot weather.
*Applicable for CA Series
Common AC 8m
1.5Hp
Hisense AC 10m
I Feel
Hisense AC Other AC
4D Auto Swing
Louvers on Hisense air-conditioners can swing automatically in
different directions, left, up and down, which will generate 4D air
flow to make people in room comfortable.
With ultra low voltage start function of Hisense air-condtioner, you can 165V
enjoy cool at any time, be free from the influence of power fluctuation.
19dB(A)
30dB(A) Noise Level
Whisper Have No Impact Quiet Library Street
on Sleep
With special design air tunnel and
advanced control technology, the new
R32 Inverter AC noise reaches ultra low
level, 19dB in Quiet mode. With the new
design of the cross flow fan and the
optimization of the air channel, the noise
level can be lower down and make you
20dB(A) 30dB(A) 40dB(A) 70dB(A)
feel more comfortable.
Inverter Technology
Smart inverter air-conditioners can
have high-efficiency in cooling and
high-precision in maintaining room
temperature by changing compressor
rotation speed automatically, which can
better cooling experience with lower
electricity cost.
Energy Star
HISENSE AI10CAG HISENSE AI13CAG HISENSE AI20CAG HISENSE AI25CAG
Energy Star HISENSE AI10CAG HISENSE AI10CAG HISENSE AI10CAG HISENSE AI10CAG
Ozone Depletion 0 0 Both R32 and R410A refrigerant has zero impact on the
Potential (ODP) ozone layer, environmental friendly
Global Warming 2,088 675 R32 refrigerant provide low GWP to reduce carbon
Potential (GWP) footprint, more environmental friendly
Composition 100% R32 50% R32 R32 is a single component refrigerant, easier to produce
50% R125 and reuse
1W Standby
Energy saving technology module adding Energy saving 1W standby function instruction, The Standby status
maximum power consumption during the year is 8.76 kw.h.
Standby status: air conditioning boot waiting to accept remote command status (fan, compressor not started)
Input (kwh)
350 306.6kwh
250
150
43.8kwh
8.76kwh
50
stanby (W)
1W 5W 35W
2019
Air Conditioner
Series
Inverter CA Series
1.0HP 1.5HP 2.0HP 2.5HP
R32 Refrigerant
DC Inverter
LED Temperature Display
Ionizer Filter
Blue Fin WARRANTY
100% Copper Pipe
Energy Saving 7
years
3
years
For Compressor For All Parts
Standard DB Series
1.0HP 1.5HP 2.0HP 2.5HP
R32 Refrigerant
LED Temperature Display
Ionizer Filter
Blue Fin WARRANTY
100% Copper Pipe
Energy Saving 5
years
2
years
For Compressor For All Parts
Standard TQ Series
1.0HP 1.5HP 2.0HP 2.5HP
R32 Refrigerant
LED Temperature Display
Ionizer Filter
Blue Fin
WARRANTY
100% Copper Pipe
Energy Saving 5
years
2
years
For Compressor For All Parts
SPECIFICATION
Series Inverter - CA series
Model No: AI10CAG AI13CAG AI20CAG AI25CAG
Horse Power (HP) 1.0HP 1.5HP 2.0HP 2.5HP
Ratings Stars
Average Energy Consumption Per Year (kWh) 962.5 1289.7 1961.3 2338.1
BTU 9500 12283 18000 22000
Cooling Capacity W 2800 3600 5270 6450
Rated Input-Cooling W 830 1160 1850 2150
Air Circulation (Indoor) m3/h 550 550 750 1100
EER for Cooling W/W 4.6 4.6 4.1 4.1
Energy Class Cooling 4 Star 4 Star 4 Star 4 Star
Refrigerant Type R32 R32 R32 R32
Refrigerant charge volume g 400 500 700 950
Indoor Unit Noise Level, dB(A) High 38 38 46 48
Low 32 32 37 39
Outdoor Unit Noise Level dB (A) 49 49 56 56
Power Supply Voltage, Frequency, Phase V 220-240V~,50Hz,1P
Rated Current Cooling (A) 3.6 5.0 7.7 9.4
maximal pipe length m 25 25 25 25
maximal heights' interval m 10 10 10 10
LRA A -- -- -- --
Degree of protection (IN) / (OUT) (IP) IPX0/IPX4
System Compressor Type Rotary
Overload Protector Internal
Pipe Diameter Liquid Pipe inch 1/4 1/4 1/4 3/8
Gas Pipe inch 3/8 3/8 1/2 5/8
Features Super Quiet (19 dB) Yes
0.5°C accurate temperature control Yes
Display on Front Panel LED
LCD Wireless Remote Controller Yes
Removable and washable Panel Yes
Washable PP Filter Yes
24 Hours Timer Yes
3 Speed and Auto Indoor Fan Control Yes
Vertical Auto Swing Louver Yes
Horizontal Auto Swing Louver Yes
Sleep Operation Yes
Smart Function Yes
Super Function Yes
Auto Restart Yes
Dimmer Yes
2 Ways Draining Connection (Left & Right) Yes
Ionizer Filter Yes
Others Net Dimensions WxHxD (mm) Indoor Unit 790x255x200 790x255x200 890x300x220 998x325x225
Outdoor Unit 660×482×240 660×482×240 780×540×260 810x585x280
Gross Weight (Kg) Indoor Unit 8.5 8.5 12.0 13.5
Outdoor Unit 24.5 25.0 32.0 36.0
Net Weight (Kg) Indoor Unit 7.3 7.3 10.0 11.0
Outdoor Unit 22.0 22.5 29.0 33.0
SPECIFICATION
Non-Inverter - TQ series Non-Inverter - DB series
AN10TQG AN13TQG AN20TQG AN25TQG AN10DBG AN13DBG AN20DBG AN25DBG
1.0HP 1.5HP 2.0HP 2.5HP 1.0HP 1.5HP 2.0HP 2.5HP
Level 7,
Ara