Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
4Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Gnanamani College of Engineering, Namakkal, TamilNadu, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Concrete is the single most widely used building Vermiculite is the name used in commerce for a group of
material in the world. Concrete is used in such large amounts micaceous minerals that expand or exfoliated many times
because it is simply and extremely good building material. In (Commercial varieties exfoliate 8 to 20 times or more) the
many places of the world temperature is raising day by day. original thickness when heated.
These days due to constant sand mining the natural sand Vermiculite, a mineral of natural occurrence of the group
depleting at an alarming rate. In this case fine aggregate is of hydromicas, when heated to above 300ºC, expands to
partially replacement of vermiculite. Uses of vermiculite it will become a highly efficient vermiculite, owing to its unique
enhance the shrinkage and crack resistance, fire resistance properties – low bulk density, low heat conductivity,
and reduces environment impact also reduce the cost. relatively high melting point, chemical inertness, endurance,
Important characteristics of a good quality aggregate include and environmental safety – can be used as a filler for heat-
resistance to abrasion, resistance to freeze/thaw action, insulating materials. Heat insulators based on expanded
resistance to sulfates, correct shape and surface texture, vermiculite can be used in thermal power units with the hot-
proper gradation, density, and compressive and flexural wall temperature not exceeding 1150ºC as replacement for
strength. The concrete mix design is done for M30 grade lightweight chamotte components and fibrous heat
concrete. The mix is prepared 10%, 15% and 20% for partial insulators
1. INTRODUCTION
Vermiculite is a hydrated laminar mineral, which are
aluminum – iron – magnesium silicates, resembling mica in Fig -1: Vermiculite
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4590
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
To reduce the cost of construction work and also M.R.Divya et al.,(2016) Have the study on M30 grade
maintain the same quality as like fine aggregate in concrete using vermiculite as partial replacement with
cement concrete. 40%,50% and 60% to the total weight of fine aggregate. The
To meet the scarcity of natural fine aggregate in aim of their project is to study the strength parameters such
future, the vermiculite can be alternatively used to as compressive strength, split tensile & flexural strength of
determine the optimum level natural fine aggregate concret. They study result shows the optimum strength in
by vermiculite in concrete. compare the strengths for different vermiculite percentage
was observed to be 50%.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW L.Vijayan (2016) In this paper the exfoliated vermiculite is
used as a replacement of fine aggregate. This project is
A. V. V. Sairam (2017) In this case fine aggregate is partially
mostly related in places where the ecological temperature is
replacement of vermiculite. Use of vermiculite in concrete it
very high. The replacements were done in 5 ,10 and 15 % of
will enhance the shrinkage and crack resistance, fire
fine aggregate. And finally conclude that the vermiculite
resistance and reduces environmental impact and also
replaced concrete shows insignificant decrease in density up
reduce the cost. In this present study, an attempt has been
to 15% when compared to normal concrete. In split tensile
made to study the mechanical properties of M35 grade
test no much variations in split tensile strength when
concrete with different percentages at a range of 5% ,10%,
compare to normal concrete.
15%,20%,25% and 30% as partially replacement with
vermiculite to the total weight of fine aggregate along with 3. MATERIALS USED
mineral admixtures like Fly ash (FA) is replace cement by
3.1 Cement
various percentages i.e., 10% , 15%, and 20% and silica fume
Cement is the most important constituent of concrete, it
(SF) as adding of 5% ,7.5%, 10% and 12.5% by weight of
forms the binding medium for the discrete ingredients made
cement. Water cement ratio is 0.42, Optimum percentages of
out of naturally occurring raw materials. “Ordinary Portland
compressive strength is obtained.
cement” 53 Mega Pascal grade of cement is used for concrete.
S Syed Abdul Rahman and Gijo K Babu (2016),In this
The properties of cement were determined as per the IS
study, structural light weight aggregate concrete was 4031:1968
designed with the use of natural vermiculite aggregate 3.2 Fine Aggregate
that will provide an advantage of reducing dead weight of
The material which is smaller than 4.75mm size is called
structure and to obtain a more economical structural light
fine aggregate. Natural sands are generally used as fine
weight concrete by the use of vermiculite power as a partial
aggregate. Angular grained sand produces, good and strong
replacement of sand. Three mixes were produced with the
concrete because it has good interlocking property, while
cement content of 479 kg/m3 in M30 grade and water cement
round grained particle of sand do not afford such
ratio is 0.40. More over the group had proportion of 0%, 5%,
interlocking. The specific gravity and water absorption were
10%, as vermiculite replacement. The main scope of our
found to be 2.63 and 2.5% respectively, with sieve analysis
project is to learn and gather knowledge of strength, and
data and fineness modulus value of sand confirms to grading
density. It may help us to get clear idea about the light
zone I as per IS:383-1970.
weight concrete, using vermiculite.
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4591
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4592
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4593
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Set the bearing plates with the beam and adjust for
distance by means of the guide plates furnished with
the machine.
Place a strip if leather or similar material under the
upper bearing plate to assist in distributing the load.
Bring the plunger of the jack into contact with the
ball on the bearing bar by turning the screw in the
end of the plunger.
After contact is made and when only firm finger
pressure has been applied, adjust the needle on the
dial gauge to "0".
Chart -3: Flexural Strengths for various %
Here we are applying two point loading on the beam
Of Vermiculite
specimen, apply load till it breaks and note that as
failure load. 5. CONCLUSIONS
Flexural Strength =PL/BD2×1000 1. The strength parameters such as compressive
Where, strength, split tensile strength of vermiculite
P=Load in KN concretes of various percentages are found.The
L= Effective length of beam=250 mm optimum strength in comparing the strengths for
b=Width of the beam= 200 mm different vermiculite was observed to be
d=Depth of beam =2000 mm 50%.Addition of vermiculites in concrete makes it
heat resisting & resists shrinkage and cracks in
Table -3: Flexural Strength of Vermiculite concrete
concrete. Because of inert chemical nature of
Load Flexural Strength vermiculite when it is used in concrete it will not
S.No
(KN) 10% 15% 20%
undergo any chemical reaction and also it is an eco-
1 0 0 0 0
2 5 2.1 1.95 1.75 friendly material.
3 10 2.20 2.00 1.90 2. Vermiculite is a filler material used in the
4 15 2.50 2.40 2.25 construction industry mainly for its low bulk
5 20 2.85 2.65 2.32 density and inertness. Vermiculite is used for
6 25 3.10 2.80 2.46
insulation property. We conclude here by
7 30 3.12 3.00 2.94
comparing the various compression test of the
sample (10% replacement of vermiculite to the
total weight of sand) gives better results. Hence
finally, it is economical and giving good
compressive strength.
3. The following conclusions can be drawn from the
above investigation. After 14 days curing,
Vermiculite replaced concrete shows marginal
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4594
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
decrease in density up to 15% when compared to Conductivity of Concrete with Vermiculite Using by
control concrete. Artificial Neural Networks Approaches, Experimental
4. In spit tensile test no much variance in split tensile Heat Transfer: A Journal of Thermal Energy Generation,
strength when compared to control concrete. Transport, Storage, and Conversion, 26:4, 360-383.
Environment heat test comparing with control 8. Mr. M. Gunasekaran A. Priyalakshmi, C.Anudevi H.
concrete 15% replacement shows better insulation. Premachandar“Study on Vermiculite Incorporate in
5. There was a notable change in difference in room Mortar” (IJIRST/ Volume 2 / Issue12/ 007)
temperature and environmental temperature 9. M.R.Divya, Prof.M.Rajalingam, Dr.Sunilaa “George Study
Thermal insulent concrete is thus achieved. on Concrete with Replacement of Fine Aggregates by
Replacement of fine aggregate with vermiculite Vermiculite” International Journal of New Technology
results in light weight concrete. and Research (IJNTR) ISSN: 2454-4116, Volume-2,
Issue-5, May 2016 Pages 87-89.
REFERENCES 10. Osman Gencel “Properties of gypsum composites
1. Carbajo, J.; Esquerdo-Lloret, T.V.; Ramis, J.; Nadal- containing vermiculite and polypropylene fibers:
Gisbert, A.V.; Denia, F.D. (2015) Acoustic properties of Numerical and experimental results”, Energy and
porous concrete made from arlite and vermiculite Buildings, 2014; 70: 135–144.
lightweight aggregates. Mater. Construcc. 65 [320], e072
http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2015.01115
2. Praveen Kumar E, Manojjkumar C, Prakash K B,
Siddesh K Pai“Experimental study of vermiculite
insulated samples with conventional samples in
construction industry” IJRET (2015).
3. S Syed Abdul Rahman, Gijo K Babu “An Experimental
Investigation on Light Weight Cement Concrete using
Vermiculite Minerals”,International Journal of
Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and
Technology, February 2016; 5(2).
4. Aliakbar sayadi, Thomas, R.Neitzert, G. Charles Clifton,
Min Cheol Han“Assessment of Vermiculite Containing
Bio-Polymer Aggregate”.
5. Yuvraj Chavdaa, Shilpa Kewate “Use of vermiculite for
light weight floating concrete” December-2015 ISSN
2229-5518.
6. Norman M.P. Low. (2003) “Vermiculite – Apromising
material for high temperature”, Refractories &
industrial Ceramics, Volme 44,No.3
7. O. Gencel, F. Koksal, M. Sahin, M. Y. Durgun, H. E. Hagg
Lobland & W. Brostow (2013): Modeling of Thermal
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4595