Lesson 5

Proprietary & Exclusive for St. Anthony Montessori Senior High School © Zymon Maquinto
LESSON CONTENTS
Media and Information Sources
• Major Sources of Information
• Criteria for Evaluating Information Sources
• Comparison of the Information Sources
• Tips in Sourcing Reliable Information

Media and Information Languages

• Codes and Conventions of Media
• Photography as Media Language
• Stakeholders of Media & Information
MAJOR SOURCES OF INFORMATION
LIBRARY
houses published and printed
materials, books and journals

INTERNET
global computer network that
contains shared information

INDIGENOUS MEDIA
knowledge and ideas formed by
a specific community or culture
MAJOR SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Library
- a place in which academic, literary and multi-disciplinary
references and materials are kept for use but not for sale

4 Types of Libraries:
• Academic Library
• Public Library
• School Library
• Special Library
MAJOR SOURCES OF INFORMATION
4 Types of Libraries:

Academic Library
Libraries that serves higher educational communities like colleges
and universities which contains educational materials

Public Library
Libraries that serves local citizens of cities and municipalities which
is operated and managed by the government
MAJOR SOURCES OF INFORMATION
4 Types of Libraries:

School Library
Small libraries for basic educational institutions serving students
from Kindergarten to Grade 12

Special Library
Libraries in specialized environments, such as hospitals,
corporations, museums, military bases and private businesses
MAJOR SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Common Sections of a Library:
• General Circulation (houses all international book titles)
• References (houses all encyclopedias, dictionaries, almanacs)
• Periodicals (houses magazines, journals and theses)
• Filipiniana (houses all Filipino author book titles)
• Fiction (houses novels, story and creative books)
• Multimedia (houses tapes, discs and recordings)
• New Acquisitions (houses all new titles)
MAJOR SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) System
- an International systematic and standardized process of
arranging and classifying books according to genre.

608.71
A41
2012
MAJOR SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) System
- an International systematic and standardized process of
arranging and classifying books according to genre.
MAJOR SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Subject Card

Title Card

Author Card
MAJOR SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Online Public Access Catalog (OPAQ)
- a database system that allows searching of library sources
uses various search engines
MAJOR SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Indigenous
- means native, local; originating or produced naturally in
in a particular region or locality

Indigenous Media
- defined as forms of media expression conceptualized,
produced, and circulated by indigenous people around
the globe as vehicles for communication
MAJOR SOURCES OF INFORMATION
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
-knowledge that is unique to a specific culture or society;
most ofte it is not written down but passed on from one
generation to the next.

INDIGENOUS COMMUNICATION
-transmission of information through local channels or
forms; it is a means by which the culture is preserved,
handed down and adapted
MAJOR SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Forms of Indigenous Media:
• Folk or traditional media
• Gatherings and social organizations
• Direct observations
• Records (Written, Carved or Oral)
• Oral Instructions
• Old Photographs and Pictures
MAJOR SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Internet
- global computer network providing variety of information
and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected
networks using standardized communication protocols

Online Academic Databases

- online libraries that houses softcopies of theses,
dissertations and journals; availed upon payment of
annual subscription fee
CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING INFORMATION SOURCES
The following criteria should be considered when sourcing
information:

RELIABILITY ACCURACY
EXPERTISE RECEIVER
VALUE

TIMELINESS AUTHORITY
FEEDBACK
CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING INFORMATION SOURCES
Reliability Capable of being verified and evaluated. It also refers to
the correctness of the source

Expertise The richness of the content and the quality of

professional knowledge presented in the information
source

Timeliness Relevance to the current situations and the applicability

of the content to the changes of time. It means the
information is updated.,
CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING INFORMATION SOURCES
Accuracy Refers to the preciseness of information and its closeness
to the actual reality

Value Ability of the information source to give benefits and

help the information-seeker in making or improving
decisions

Authority The integrity and credibility of the information source. It

evaluates how believable and trustworthy the author of
the information is
 COMPARISON OF THE INFORMATION SOURCES
Determinants Library Indigenous Internet
Convenient to Access ② ③ ①
Reliability of Information ① ② ③
Expertise & Knowledge ② ① ③
Ease of Locating Information ③ ② ①
Abundance of Resources ② ③ ①
24/7 Availability ② ③ ①
TIPS IN SOURCING RELIABLE INFORMATION
• Check the Author
• Check the date of publication and retrieve the most recent
one
• Check the domain of the website (.edu and .gov are more
preferrable sources)
• Look for and validate facts.
• Cross-reference with other sources for consistency.
CODES AND CONVENTIONS OF MEDIA
Media Languages
- codes, conventions, formats, symbols and narrative
structures that indicate the meaning of media messages
to an audience

Codes
- systems of signs that when put together create meaning

Semiotics
- study that deals with signs and codes
CODES AND CONVENTIONS OF MEDIA
Types of Codes
shows what is beneath the surface of what we see
Symbolic Codes (objects, setting, body language, clothing, color,
etc.) or iconic symbols that are easily understood
use of language style and textual layout (headlines,
Written Codes
captions, speech, bubbles, language style, etc.)
ways in which equipment is used to tell the story
Technical Codes (includes sound, camera angles, types of shots,
lighting and camera techniques in framing)
CODES AND CONVENTIONS OF MEDIA
Conventions
- refers to a standard or norm that acts as a rule governing
a set of behavior; generally established and accepted
ways of doing something

Examples: Screenplay, Movie Credits

Message
- information formed by structured combination of codes
and conventions
PHOTOGRAPHY AS MEDIA LANGUAGE
Technical Aspects of Photography:
1. Camera Shots
- sizing of the subject with respect to frame
2. Point of View
- perspective of depicting the scene
3. Camera Angles
- positioning and altitude of camera
4. Camera Movements
- panning and tilting of camera
PHOTOGRAPHY AS MEDIA LANGUAGE
Camera Shots:
A. Extreme Long Shot
B. Long Shot
C. Medium Long Shot
D. Full Shot
E. Medium Close Shot
F. Close-up Shot
G. Extreme Close-up Shot
 PHOTOGRAPHY AS MEDIA LANGUAGE
Camera Shots:
A. Extreme Long Shot (view of large crowd or as wide as horizon)
B. Long Shot (view of a situation or setting from a distance)
C. Medium Long Shot (view of small group of people in interaction)
D. Full Shot (view of a figure's whole body)
E. Medium Close Shot (view of a figure's half body, waist up)
F. Close-up Shot (view of a figure's face and expressions)
G. Extreme Close-up Shot (view of a detailed object, i.e. eye)
 PHOTOGRAPHY AS MEDIA LANGUAGE
Point of View:
A. Establishing Shot (long shot that establishes the location/setting)
B. POV Shot (shows the perspective of a character or person)
C. Over-the-Shoulder (used oftenly in a dialogue)
D. Reaction Shot (short shot of character's response to an action)
E. Insert Shot (detailed shot that gives meaning of an object)
F. Reverse-Angle (a shot from opposite perspective)
G. Hand-Held Camera (less stable shots that follows the subject)
 PHOTOGRAPHY AS MEDIA LANGUAGE
Camera Shots:
A. Aerial Shot (overhead shot like bird's eye-view)
B. High-Angle Shot (shows people higher than subject's eye-level)
C. Low-Angle Shot (worms-eye view, shows object below eye level)
D. Eye-Level Shot (straight-on angle, viewsa subject from the level of
the subject's eye)
 PHOTOGRAPHY AS MEDIA LANGUAGE
Camera Movement:
A. Pan Shot (horizontal movement of camera from left to right
across the picture, also called Panorama)
B. Tilt Shot (vertical movement of camera either upward or
downward)
C. Tracking Shot (follows along next to or behind a moving subject)
D. Zoom (stationary camera shot that approaches towards the
subject, either zooming in or zooming out)
 PHOTOGRAPHY AS MEDIA LANGUAGE
Rule of Thirds
- effective positioning of subjects which divides the frame into three
chambers
Photo Orientation
Landscape Portrait
STAKEHOLDERS OF MEDIA & INFORMATION
Audience
consumers of media and information; considered as the primary
stakeholders of media for whom content were presented

Producers
people engaged in the process of creatubf or putting together
media content to make a product
HANDS-ON QUIZ
Quiz #5: Photo-Journalism

Individually, take a photo that promotes or advertises

St. Anthony Montessori. It could be any subject (people,
facilities or activities). Apply the learnings from the
Photography lesson. Send the raw (unedited) photo to
zymonandrewm@gmail.com with the Photo Title.

Requirements: Picture Ratio is 16:9

Landscape orientation