Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
The Forgotten
Reservoir
Engineering Tool
John McMullan
Technology Services
Reservoir & Well Performance
Understanding the Oil
And Gas Reservoir
Using Material Balance
Lafayette, Louisiana
October 21, 2004
G ≡ initial gas
volume - SCF
Bg is a function
of new pressure
Expansion (bbls)
Vg = G × Bg } = Vg - Vgi
= G (Bg – Bgi)
G × Bgi
Expansion must
equal production:
Gp Bg = G (Bg – Bgi)
Expansion (bbls)
Fix piston
} = Vg - Vgi
= G (Bg – Bgi)
Bleed off Gp SCF
of gas until
pressure equals
the same as before.
Tracking Info Here
Gas Material Balance
Vgi = G × Bgi
∆Vwi = Vwi cw ∆p
Since
Vwi = Vti Sw = G Bgi Sw / (1-Sw)
Substituting:
∆Vwi = G Bgi cw ∆p Sw / (1-Sw)
Vg = G × Bg
As before,
= Gp Bg + WpBw
Fix piston
= Gp Bg + WpBw
} Expansion (bbls)
= G (Bg – Bgi)
+
G Bgi cw ∆p Sw / (1-Sw) + We
We
Tracking Info Here
Gas Material Balance
Finally, consider the possibility that the actual
initial pore volume will reduce as the pressure falls:
∆Vti = Vti cf ∆p
Recall,
Vti = G Bgi / (1-Sw)
Substituting:
∆Vti = cf ∆p G Bgi / (1-Sw)
= Gp Bg + WpBw
= Gas
Production + Production
Water
Yg ≡ Gp Bg + WpBw - We
Y g = G Xg
Tracking Info Here
Gas Material Balance as a
Straight Line
YYg - -rbrb
g
mm==GG
XXg – rb/SCF
g – rb/SCF
Tracking Info Here
Water Influx
Paq = Pi × (1 – We / Wei)
Recall:
Paq = Pi × (1 – We / Wei)
Then:
P = Pi × (1 – We / Wei)
Definition: Paq = Pi
Recall:
qaq = Jaq × (Paq – P)
Then:
qaq = Jaq × (Pi – P)
⎡ Pn + Pn-1 ⎤
(∆We )n = Jaq × Pi – × ∆t
⎣ 2 ⎦
W ei = V aq × P i × c aq
Aquifer Aquifer
Initial
Pore Compressibility
Pressure
Volume
Aquifer pressure at any point in time is given by:
P aq = P i × (1 - W e / W ei )
Aquifer Reservoir
Productivity Pressure
Index
Wei
We = p ( pi – p ) (1 - e-J pi t / Wei)
i
Wei
∆Wen = p ( pn-1 – pRn ) (1 - e -J pi ∆tn / Wei)
i
Alternate method
– Uses observed production, aquifer model, and assumed
values of N or G in GMBE to calculate pressure
– Iterate until calculated and observed pressures agree
– Excellent for investigating sensitivities
John McMullan
Technology Services
Reservoir & Well Performance