TYPES OF FOOTINGS

1. Continuous Wall Footing

The footing which supports a long masonry or RCC wall is known as a continuous footing. It can
be either simple or stepped.

Generally, width of the footing should be at least equal to twice the width of wall that is rested on
it. In this case, the width of the footing is smaller than the length of the footing, offering
continuous vertical support to the structure. Basically, it runs throughout the length of the wall.
This type of footing is not economical.

Use of Continuous Wall Footing: Continuous wall footings are used to support the foundation
walls and load-bearing walls.

2. Isolated Footing
A footing that supports an individual column is known as an isolated footing. This kind of footing
can be Pad, stepped, sloped or with isolated beam and slab. Where good soil is available, these
footings are economical.

Use of Isolated Footing: Isolated footings are used as shallow foundation in order to transfer
concentrated loads to the ground.

3. Combined Footing
A footing that supports two or more columns is known as a combined footing. It is used when
two or more columns are close to each other or two or more individual footings of a column
would overlap. Combined footing may be trapezoidal or rectangular in plan. A trapezoidal
footing is provided when the load of one column is greater than the other.

Use of Combined Footing: Combined footings are used to transfer loads of closely spaced
column to the ground or when the column face the boundary of plot.

4. Strip Footing
A footing which supports a number of columns in a line has to be a combined footing known as
strip footing. It is used when the row of a column is closely spaced and their spread footings
overlap with each other. A strip footing is also known as a continuous footing.

Use of Strip Footing: Strip footings are used to transfer loads of closely spaced raw of columns to
the ground.
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Campuses: Hilltop | MH del Pilar | Pallocan East | Pallocan West | Lipa
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
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5. Strap Footing
When a distance between the two columns supported on combined footing becomes large, the
cost increases rapidly. The strap footing is an economical option in such cases.

Use of Strap Footing: Generally, strap footings are used in conjunction with columns of adjoining
property.

6. Raft Footing
If loads transmitted by the columns in a structure are heavy and the allowable soil pressure is
small then footing requires more area. In such a case, it may be better to provide continuous
footing under all columns and walls. Such kind of footing is called a Raft Footing.

Use of raft footing: It is widely used when soil has low load bearing capacity. To know more,
read the basic information of raft foundation and also know the various types of raft foundation.

7. Pile Footing
According to ‘Richard L. Handy & M. G. Spangler’ (Author of book called Geotechnical
Engineering – Soil And Foundations Principles And Practice), When the soil has a low bearing
capacity or the ground water level is high, pile footings are applied. Piles are common while
building foundation for bridges, dam etc. in walls.

Use of Pile Footing: Piles are used as deep foundation where the soil is very week and has higher
groundwater table.

http://pin.it/3dVU87q

Types of Reinforcement in each footing

1. Plain Mesh
This type of mesh is normally provided in plain or isolated or combined footings and it is
useful for low-rise buildings. Prior to use plain-mesh, it is necessary to inspect the load

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Campuses: Hilltop | MH del Pilar | Pallocan East | Pallocan West | Lipa
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 based on this mesh and determine whether this type of mesh is able to combat the load or
not.

2. Hook Mesh (Mesh with hooks)

This type of mesh is suitable for low rise and high rise buildings. The footing is
reinforced as grid and the bars are hooked at the ends of the mesh. Perfect anchorage of
the reinforcement can be done by bending the bars ends. Here, the hook length is 9D and
D stands for the diameter of the bar.

3. Footing Mesh up to the depth of Footing

It has similarity with plain footing. Under this type, the bars are bent at ends up to height
of footing.

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Campuses: Hilltop | MH del Pilar | Pallocan East | Pallocan West | Lipa
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 4. Raft Mesh
This type of mesh is deal for raft footing. Raft footing can be used when soil bearing
strength is very less. Under this type, mesh is segregated into two parts as top mesh and
bottom mesh.

Both single and double ring are used in this type of mesh. The rings are attached with the
top mesh and bottom mesh to retain the perfect framework. The steel reinforcement is not
deformed in any directions with the aids of rings. Minimum diameter of bars for rings is
6mm.

https://civilread.com/types-of-reinforcement-in-footings/

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Campuses: Hilltop | MH del Pilar | Pallocan East | Pallocan West | Lipa
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph