DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR FOOTING

1. A 450 mm square interior column carries a dead load of 825 kN and a live load load of 668 kN. A
rectangular footing is required to carry the column loads such that the length of the long side must
be equal to twice the width of the short side. Assume base of footing is 1.5 m below the ground
surface. Allowable bearing pressure of soil is 192 kPa, fc’=27.6 MPa, fy=415 MPa weight of soil is
15.74 kN/m3 and that of concrete is 23.5 kN/m3.

a. Determine the dimensions of the rectangular footing.

b. Determine the longitudinal steel reinforcements.
c. Determine the steel requirements in short direction.

SOLUTION:

A. Dimensions of the rectangular footing:

Assume total depth of 600 mm
Effective depth: 600 – 75 = 525 mm

Effective soil pressure: q eff =192−0.6 ( 23.50 )−15.74 ( 0.9 )=163.73 kPa

DL+¿
Area required: LW =
qeff
825+668
2 W ( W )=
163.73
W =2.14
L=4.28
A=2.14 ( 4.28 )=9.16
Ultimate upward soil pressure: q u=1.2 DL+1.6≪ ¿ ¿
A

1.2 ( 825 )+1.6 (668)

q u=
9.16
q u=224.76 kPa

Considering one way shear: V u=224.76 ( 1.39 ) ( 2.14 )=668.57 kN

∅ √ fc ' bd
V u=
6

0.75 ( √ 27.6 ) ( 2140 ) d

668570= =476<525 ok
6

Considering two way shear (punching shear): V u=224.76¿

 V u=1844.96 kN ≈1844960 N

∅ √ fc ' bo d
V u=
3

b o=4 ( 975 )=3900 mm

0.65 ( √ 27.6 ) ( 3900 ) d

1844960= =416 mm<525 mm ok
3

Use 2.14 m x 4.28 m x 0.60 m rectangular footing.

B. Longitudinal steel requirements:

M u=224.76 ( 1.915 ) ( 2.14 ) ( 1.915

2 )
=881.94 kN . m

M u=∅ f c ' b d 2 ω (1−0.59 ω)

881.94 × 106=0.90 (27.6)(2140) ¿

ω ( 1−0.59 ω )=0.0601943

ω 2−1.6949 ω+0.1020242=0

ω=0.0624995

ρf y
ω=
fc '

ρ(415)
0.0624995= =0.00416
27.6

1.4
ρmin = =0.00337
fy

Use ρ=0.00416

A s=ρ b d

A s=0.00416(2140)(525)

A s=4674 mm2

Using 25 mm ∅ bars.
 π
(25)2 N =4674
4

N=9.52 say 10 bars

Use 10-25 mm ∅ bars

C. Reinforced in short direction: M u=224.76 ( 4.28 )( 0.845 ) ( 0.845

2 )
=343.44 kN .m

M u=∅ f c ' b d 2 ω (1−0.59 ω)

343.44 ×10 6=0.90(27.6)(4280)¿

ω ( 1−0.59 ω )=0.0117203

ω 2−1.6949 ω+0.0198648=0

ω=0.0118

ρf y
ω=
fc '

ρ(415)
0.0118= =0.00078
27.6

Use ρmin =0.00078

A s=ρ b d

A s=0.000 .00337(4280)(525)

A s=7572 mm2

Reinforcing∈bandwidths 2
=
Total reinforcements ∈short direction β+1

L 2W
β= = =2
W w

Reinforcing∈bandwidths 2 2
= =
Total reinforcements∈short direction 2+ 1 3
 As1 2
=
7572 3

A s1 =5048 mm2

π
Using 22 mm ∅ bars: ¿
4

N = 13.3 say 14 bars

π
A s1 = ¿
4

2 A s 2 + A s1 =A s

2 A s 2 +5322=7572

A s 2=1125 mm2

π
¿
4

N = 2.9 say 3 bars

2. A 300 mm square column is supported by 0.90 m wide rectangular base as shown. The column
applies to the base an axial service load of 357 kN and a service bending moment of 39 kN.m
parallel to the longitudinal axis of the base. The strength of the concrete in the base is 20.73 MPa
and the reinforcement is Grade 60, Fy= 414.7 MPa. Use 2001 NSCP Specs.
A. Neglecting self weight of the base. Determine the required base length for an allowable soil
bearing pressure of 240 kN /m2 .
B. Which of the following gives the max. factored earth pressure acting on the footing.
C. Which of the following gives the factored flexural shear force at the critical section.

SOLUTION:

A. Required base length for an allowable soil bearing pressure of 240 kN /m2 .
P = 268 +89 = 357 kN
M = 12 + 27 = 39 kN.m
P MC
q max = +
A I
P MC
q max = +
A I
357 6 (39)
240= +
0.9 L b d 2
216 L2=357 L+234
 L2−1.653 L+234=0
1.653 ±2.658
L=
2
L=2.16 m
B. Max. factored earth pressure.
Pu = 1.4 PD + 1.7 PL
Pu = 1.4(268)+1.7(98)
Pu = 526.50 kN

Mu = 1.4 MD + 1.7 ML
Mu = 1.4(12)+1.7(27)
Mu = 62.7 kN.m

Pu 6 M
q max = +
bd b d 2
526.50 6(62.7)
q max = +
0.9(2.16) 0.9 ¿ ¿
q max =360.43 kN / m2

C. Factored flexural shear force.

Min. factored earth pressure:

Pu 6 M
q max = +
bd b d 2
526.50 6(52.7)
q min = +
0.90 (2.16) 0.9 ( 2.16 )2
kN
q max =181.24 2
m

x 179.19
=
1.23 2.16
x=126.93

( 308.17+360.43 )
Factored flexural shear force: V u= (0.63)(0.9)
2
V u=189.55 kN

3. Design a rectangular spread footing to carry 235 kips dead load and 115 kips live load from an 18-
in. square tied column that contains #9 bars. One dimension of the footing is limited to a maximum
 of 7 ft. The allowable soil pressure is 5500 psf. neglect the effect of overburden. Use f c’ = 3000 psi,
fy = 40000 psi, and the strength method of the ACI Code.
A. Determine plan of footing. Assume a footing depth of 2 ft, or 300 psf.
B. Determine depth required for shear strength. This footing may be long enough for one-way
beam action to govern. In such a case, a direct solution for the effective depth d is reasonably
practical. The factored column load is

SOLUTION:

A. net soil pressure=5500−300=5200 psf

350
required A= =67.3 sq ft
5.2

Space limitation prevents one dimension from exceeding 7 ft; thus

67.3
length= =9.6 ft
7.0

Try 7 ft x 9 ft 8 in. (Area = 67.7 sq ft).

B. Pu=1.4 ( 235 )+ 1.7 (115 )=525 kips

The net upward pressure under factored load condition is

525000
Pnet = =7750 psf
67.7

Making the nominal shear strength Vn=Vc so that shear reinforcement is not required, which
means

V u=ϕ V c =ϕ ( 2 √ f c ' ) b w d
7750 ( 7 ) ( 4.08−d )=0.85 ( 2 √ f c ' ) ( 7 )( d ) 144
d=1.49 ft ¿

Total depth = 17.9 + 3 (cover) + 1 (estimated bar diameter) = 21.9 in. Try 22 in. for total depth.
Check this depth for two-way shear action as a slab, using critical section with d = 18 in.

1
V u=7750 [ 7 ( 9.67 )−3 ( 3 ) ] =455 kips
1000
 For βc = 9.67/7 = 1.38 < 2, and b0/d = 4(18 + 18)/18 = 8 < 20 for a four-sided critical section,

1
V c =4 √ f c ' b0 d=4 √ 3000 [ 4 ( 18+18 ) ] ( 18 )
=568 kips
1000
ϕ V c =0.85 ( 568 ) =483 kips> [V u =455 kips ]

4. Design a rectangular spread footing to carry 240 kips dead load and 115 kips live load from an 18-
in. square tied column that contains #9 bars. One dimension of the footing is limited to a maximum
of 7 ft. The allowable soil pressure is 5495 psf. neglect the effect of overburden. Use f c’ = 3002 psi,
fy = 40000 psi, and the strength method of the ACI Code.
A. Determine plan of footing. Assume a footing depth of 2 ft, or 300 psf.
B. Determine depth required for shear strength. This footing may be long enough for one-way
beam action to govern. In such a case, a direct solution for the effective depth d is reasonably
practical. The factored column load is

SOLUTION:

A. net soil pressure=5495−300=5195 psf

350
required A= =67.3 sq ft
5.2

Space limitation prevents one dimension from exceeding 7 ft; thus

67.3
length= =9.6 ft
7.0

Try 7 ft x 9 ft 8 in. (Area = 67.7 sq ft).

B. Pu=1.4 ( 240 )+ 1.7 (115 )=531.5 kips

The net upward pressure under factored load condition is

531500
Pnet = =7850.812408 psf
67.7

Making the nominal shear strength Vn=Vc so that shear reinforcement is not required, which
means

V u=ϕ V c =ϕ ( 2 √ f c ' ) b w d
7850.81 (7 )( 4.08−d )=0.85 ( 2 √ f c ' ) ( 7 ) ( d ) 144
d=3.539339483 ft ¿
 Total depth = 17.9 + 3 (cover) + 1 (estimated bar diameter) = 21.9 in. Try 22 in. for total depth.
Check this depth for two-way shear action as a slab, using critical section with d = 18 in.

1
V u=7850.81 [ 7 ( 9.67 ) −3 (3 ) ] =460.7641802 kips
1000

For βc = 9.67/7 = 1.38 < 2, and b0/d = 4(18 + 18)/18 = 8 < 20 for a four-sided critical section,

1
V c =4 √ f c ' b0 d=4 √ 3002 [ 4 ( 18+18 ) ] ( 18 )
=568.068009 kips
1000
ϕ V c =0.85 ( 568 ) =482.8578076 kips> [ V u =455 kips ]

5. A 300 mm square column is supported by 0.90 m wide rectangular base as shown. The column
applies to the base an axial service load of 357 kN and a service bending moment of 39 kN.m
parallel to the longitudinal axis of the base. The strength of the concrete in the base is 20.73 MPa
and the reinforcement is Grade 60, Fy= 414.7 MPa. Use 2001 NSCP Specs.

A. Neglecting self weight of the base. Determine the required base length for an allowable soil
bearing pressure of 242 kN /m2 .

B. Which of the following gives the max. factored earth pressure acting on the footing.

C. Which of the following gives the factored flexural shear force at the critical section.

SOLUTION:

A. Required base length for an allowable soil bearing pressure of 242 kN /m2 .
P = 268 +89 = 357 kN
M = 12 + 27 = 39 kN.m
P MC
q max = +
A I
P MC
q max = +
A I
357 6(39)
242= +
0.9 L b d 2
216 L2=357 L+234
L2−1.653 L+234=0
1.653 ±2.658
L=
2
L=2.155393001 m
B. Max. factored earth pressure.
Pu = 1.4 PD + 1.7 PL
Pu = 1.4(268)+1.7(98)
Pu = 526.50 kN

Mu = 1.4 MD + 1.7 ML
Mu = 1.4(12)+1.7(27)
Mu = 62.7 kN.m

Pu 6 M
q max = +
bd b d 2
526.50 6(62.7)
q max = +
0.9(2.16) 0.9 ¿ ¿
q max =360.808642kN /m2

C. Factored flexural shear force.

Min. factored earth pressure:

Pu 6 M
q max = −
bd b d 2
526.50 6(52.7)
q min = −
0.90 (2.16) 0.9 ( 2.16 )2
kN
q max =181.24 2
m

x 179.19
=
1.53 2.16
x=126.93

( 308.17+360.43 )
Factored flexural shear force: V u= (0.63)(0.9)
2
V u=189.5501 kN