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S. Valle
CE 8 Fluid M
echanics
Stability of
Gravity
Dams
Gravity Dam
ycp G FV
h FH1
ycp
FH2
U
Modes of Failure: Sliding ΣFX = FH1 - FH2 - f = 0
FH1 - FH2 = f
* occurs when there is an unbalanced FH1 - FH2 = 𝜇N
horizontal force pushing the dam forwards FH1 - FH2 = RH
motion ΣFY = N + U - G - FV = 0
N = G + F V - U = RV
G
FV
FH1 RH = 𝜇RV
FH2
𝜇RV
FSsliding = > 1.0
f=ᘈN RH
U
N
Modes of Failure: Overturning
ΣMtoe = R.M - O.M
* occurs when there is a residual couple
Overturning Moment (O.M):
toppling the dam forwards (pivot at the toe)
* FH1
* U
RM
motion FSsliding = > 1.0
OM
U
Foundation Pressure Eccentricity of x from cg at base:
e = B/2 - x
Location of Resultant of External Forces:
RM - OM Distribution of Pressure if
x=
RV ⅓B < x < 2/3B , or | e | ≤ B/6
RV 6e
𝜎 toe (+) 𝜎= 1±
𝜎 heel (-) B B
G FV
R RV
FH1 If | e | > B/6,
FH2
2RV
𝜎max = ; 𝜎min = 0
x 3x
B
U
Example: A dam 4 m on top, 18 m at the bottom and 24 m high has water 20 m deep
acting on its vertical side. Assume the weight of masonry to be 2400 kg/m3 and the
coefficient of friction is 0.80, determine the following: (a) FS against overturning, (b)
FS against sliding, (c) stress at the heel, and (d) stress at the toe.
FH = (9.81 kN/m3)(10m)(20m*1m) G1
24 m G2
FH = 1962 kN ycp
20 m
3
FH
G1 = (2400 kg/m *9.81)(8m*24m*1m)
G1 = 4520.45 kN 18 m
8 m 10 m
G2 = (2400 kg/m3*9.81)(½* 10m*24m*1m)
G2 = 2825.28 kN
Example: A dam 4 m on top, 18 m at the bottom and 24 m high has water 20 m deep
acting on its vertical side. Assume the weight of masonry to be 2400 kg/m3 and the
coefficient of friction is 0.80, determine the following: (a) FS against overturning, (b)
FS against sliding, (c) stress at the heel, and (d) stress at the toe.
RV = G1 + G2 = 4520.45 kN + 2825.28 kN G1
24 m G2
RV = 7345.73 kN ycp
20 m
FH
RH = FH = 1962 kN
18 m
0.80(7345.73 kN) 8 m 10 m
FSsliding =
1962 kN
FSsliding = 3.00
Example: A dam 4 m on top, 18 m at the bottom and 24 m high has water 20 m deep
acting on its vertical side. Assume the weight of masonry to be 2400 kg/m3 and the
coefficient of friction is 0.80, determine the following: (a) FS against overturning, (b)
FS against sliding, (c) stress at the heel, and (d) stress at the toe.
YES, use RV 6e
Example: A dam 4 m on top, 18 m at the bottom and 24 m high has water 20 m deep
acting on its vertical side. Assume the weight of masonry to be 2400 kg/m3 and the
coefficient of friction is 0.80, determine the following: (a) FS against overturning, (b)
FS against sliding, (c) stress at the heel, and (d) stress at the toe.
Stress Distribution:
7345.73 kN 6(-0.40 m)
𝜎toe = 1+ G
18 m 18 m R FV
FH1 RV
𝜎toe = 353.68 kPa FH2
x=9.40m
7345.73 kN 6(-0.40 m)
𝜎heel = 1-
18 m 18 m X is closer to tUhe hee B/2=9m
l so
𝜎heel = 462.51 kPa 𝜎heel > 𝜎
toe
Example: The unit weight of concrete is 24 kN/m3. Hydrostatic uplift varies from 90%
of the heel to 0% at the toe. Coefficient of friction between the base of the dam and the
foundation is 0.80. Calculate (a) FSsliding, (b) FSoverturning, (c) distance of the RV from the
toe, (d) pressure at the heel, and (e) pressure at the toe.
4 m
Forces acting on the dam:
FH1 = 397.31 kN → 9 m G1
FH2 = 44.15 kN ← G2 FV
FH1
FV = 66.22 kN FH2
3 m
G1 = 864 kN
G2 = 1080 kN 9 m
p2=0
9 m G1
RV = G 1 + G 2 + F V - U G2 FV
FH1
RV = 1652.65 kN FH2
3 m
4 m
Force Magnitude Moment Arm
G1 864 kN 7m 9 m G1
G2 FV
FH1
G2 1080 3.33 FH2
3 m
FV 66.22 0.75
9 m
FH1 397.31 3 p2=0
FH2 44.15 1
p1=0.9(9.81)(9)
U 357.57 3 p1=79.46 kPa
Example: The unit weight of concrete is 24 kN/m3. Hydrostatic uplift varies from 90%
of the heel to 0% at the toe. Coefficient of friction between the base of the dam and the
foundation is 0.80. Calculate (a) FSsliding, (b) FSoverturning, (c) distance of the RV from the
toe, (d) pressure at the heel, and (e) pressure at the toe.
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