CE 302 STRUCTURAL DESIGN

PART B: REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION, HISTORY, MATERIAL
PROPERTIES, APPLICATIONS & LIMIT STATE CONCEPTS

Yaip K Telue
BEng, BEng(Hons2A), PhD(QUT)
MIE(Aust), MIE(PNG)

Professor and Head Department of Civil Engineering

PNG Unitech
INTRODUCTION: LECTURE PLAN

Lecturer: Professor Yaip K Telue, Tutor: Kingsford W Telue

Subject: CE 302 Design and Drawing (Part B: Reinforced Concrete Structures Component) Semester/Year: 2/2012

Week Topics (Please indicate the Depth to be Continuous Learning Objectives to be achieved Perform.
achieved) Assessment alert +
Quiz Assign Tests 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 Introd’n, History, material prop, √ √
applic’ns, Limit State Concepts
2 Ultimate Bending Capacity, Over and 1 √ √
under reinforced and balanced
conditions
3 Bending Capacity T Beams and Design 2 √ √
of Rectangular and T Beams
4 Design of General Shape Beams Test √ √ Alert 1
5 Doubly Reinforced Concrete Beams 1 √ √
6 Shear 3 √ √
7 Shear √ √
Study Break
8 Detailing, Development length of steel √ √ Alert 2
reinforcement
9 Columns: introduction, axial load, √ √
plastic centroids 4
10 Columns: interaction diagrams, Test √ √
strength reduction factors slenderness 2
effects, moment magnification
11 Columns: Design: - Design Charts, √ √
Preliminary sizing, detail
considerations, bi-axial bending
12 Deflections √ √ Alert 3
13 Deflections √ √

Key:
* 1- Knowledge 2- Comprehension 3- Application 4 – Analysis
5- Synthesis 6 - Evaluation

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LECTURE PLAN

(a) Textbook:

YK Telue (2011), Limit State Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures in PNG, Department of Civil Engineering, PNG University of
Technology ISBN 9980-56-014-2

Warner, Rangan, Hall and Faulkes (1999 or Latest edition), Concrete Structures, Addison Wesley Longman Australia Pty Ltd, South
Melbourne. ISBN = 0 582 80247 4

Australian Standard AS 3600-2003, Concrete Structures

PNG Standard, PNGS 1002-1982, Reinforced Concrete Structures

Reinforced Concrete Detailing Handbook, Concrete Institute of Australia.

(b) Assessment: Continuous assessment 13%

 2 x tests 7%
 4 x Assignments 6%

Written Examination 22%

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4
 INTRODUCTION: REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Typical Reinforced Concrete Building Components

Figure 1-1 shows typical Reinforced Concrete (RC) Buildings. The top Figure shows a building with
columns supporting beams which in turn support the floor slab. In the bottom Figure, the building is of
a flat Slab or plate construction where there are no beams and the floor slab is support directly by
columns usually with or without a drop panel.

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STANDARD SECTION AND PLATES

Figure 1-1: Typical RC Building Components. (From Reinforcement Detailing Handbook (ACI,
1989))
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STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIP

1.1 General
Reinforced concrete:- consists of steel reinforcement (bars or fabric) embedded in concrete.

Concrete is a mixture of cement, water, sand, gravel (aggregates), fly ash and admixtures

Reinforcement Steel comes in two grades (grade 250 or R bars and Grade 500 or N bars), various sizes (R10, R12,
R16, R20 etc), usually the bars are round.

Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-1: Comparison of Steel and Concrete
CONCRETE STEEL
o Cheap (material are readily and o Expensive
locally available
o Cast to any shape o Fabricate
o Durable-When done correctly o Protect from corrosion
o Medium Compressive strength and o High Tensile Strength
low tensile strength
o Brittle o Ductile
o
o

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LIMIT STATE DESIGN

Why do we combine Steel and Concrete??

They are dramatically different in properties.

When we add 1-2% tension reinforcement to concrete, there is a dramatic increase in strength.

Concept:
o Use concrete in compression zones
o Use steel reinforcement where tension will occur in concrete members.
Reinforced Concrete:

o Limitless applications
o Columns
o Beams
o Slabs
o Shells
o Tanks (water retaining)
o Offshore Oil Platforms
o Canoes

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It is good practice to provide steel reinforcement where tension may occur.
o Direct tension forces
o Bending
o Shear
o Torsion
o Bursting forces

1.3 Historical Development

Historical development of reinforced concrete: refer to Warner, Rangan, Hall and Faulkes Section 1.6
of Chapter 1. (1998 Edition)

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1.4 Material Properties

Flexural Tensile Strength

Figure 1-2: Flexural Tensile Strength

Compressive Strength

Figure 1-3: Compressive Strength

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 Indirect Tensile Strength

Figure 1-4: Indirect Tensile Strength

Shrinkage: As Concrete dries its volume changes  Time dependant. Shrinkage strain vary 600 x 10–6
to 1500 x 10-6.

Creep: Under load concrete continues to deform. May be 2 to 3 times the initial deformation.

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1.1 Limit State Design

1.1.1 Australian Standard AS 3600 2003 – Concrete Structures

Design objectives: To satisfy a series of “limit states” (Section 2 of AS 3600)

1. Design for Stability:

 Overturning
 Sliding
 Uplift

2. Strength:

 Bending
 Shear
 Axial loads
 Torsion
 Bearing

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1. Serviceability:

 Deflection
 Cracking
 Vibration
 Lateral drift

2. Durability:
 Concrete durability
 Corrosion of reinforcement

3. Fire Resistance:

4. Other:

 Fatigue

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1.5.2 Risk of Failure
Design for Strength:

Probabilistic approach to design to ensure “acceptable” risk of failure. This can be based on experience
or statistics.

Refer to Figure 1-5 below.

S*  Ru
Design Action Effect (M*, V*) < Strength Reduction Factor X Ultimate Strength.

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 LIMIT STATE DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

Figure 1-5:Relationship between action effects and resistance/capacity- From Steel Designers Handbook
(Gorenc et al, 2007)

More comprehensive discussions of the limit state philosophies are covered in the Steel Designers Handbook by
Gorenc, Tinoyu and Syam (2005) and Concrete Structures by Warner, Rangan, Hall and Faulkes (1998).
Students are encouraged to consult these references to gain more understanding on the limit state design
philosophy.

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1.5.3 Strength Reduction Factors ()
Table 1-2: Strength Reduction Factors
Type of Action AS 3600 2003-(Table 2.3) PNGS 1002 1982 (Table 13.2.1)
Bending 0.8 0.9
Shear 0.7 0.85
Axial compression + bending Varies from 0.6 to 0.8 Varies from 0.7 to 0.9

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1.5.4 Load Factors
Design for worse case of:
Table 1-3: Load Factors
AS 3600 PNGS 1002

1.2 WG + 1.5WQ 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL Dead + Live Load

1.2 WG + Wu + ψc Q 1.0DL + 1.3LL + 1.3W With Wind Loads

0.9WG + Wu 0.9DL + 1.3 W

1.0DL + 1.3LL + 1.0E With Earthquake Loads

0.9DL + E

G = Gravity Loads (Dead Loads) = DL

Q = Live Loads = LL
Wu = Ultimate Wind Load (= W in PNG Code)
ψc = Combination factor 0.4 to 0.6

Note: If you use AS 3600 Load Factors to combine the Loads then you must use AS 3600 Capacity
reduction factors to reduce the resistance provided by the member. The same also applies to using PNGS
load combinations and Capacity reduction factors.

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TUTORIAL PROBLEMS

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