GENERAL INFORMATION REVIEWER 31. It is also known as PHL-Microsat-1, a Philippine microsatellite 1.
also known as PHL-Microsat-1, a Philippine microsatellite 1. He is the first Asian writer to receive the Nobel Prize.
1. The first nation to launch a satellite and a man to space
(The Union of Soviet Socialist Republic)
2. Taiwan’s official name is ______. (Republic of China)
3. Who was the author of Catcher in the Rye? ( J.D. Salinger)
4. What was the most downloaded song on iTunes in the year
2012? (“Call me Maybe” – Carly Rae Jepsen)
5. Senator Miriam Defensor-Santiago narrowly lost a presidential
election against which candidate? (Fidel Ramos)
6. Who was the Japanese emperor that presided over Japan’s
transition towards modernization? (Mutsohito)
7. When was the Ateneo founded? (1859)
8. When a human is infected with the Human Papillomavirus
(HPV), _____ may occur. (Warts)
9. Which celebrity is the father of Kim Kardashian’s child? (Kanye
West)
10. The South and North Korea are separated at which parallel? (38th
parallel)
11. Which writer wrote Historie de ma vie and became famous in
history for his womanizing? (Giacomo Casanova)
12. The Ottoman Empire had its beginnings where? (Anatolia)
13. Which is the 12th longest river in the world? (Mekong)
14. During the Seven Years’ War, which country occupied Manila
and most of Luzon. (Great Britain)
15. Which is not part of the United Kingdom? (Ireland)
16. What is inscribed on the gates of hell in Dante’s Inferno?
(“Abandon all hope, ye who enter here.”)
17. Who is the current manager of Reading Football Club? (Nigel
Adkins)
18. Who was the communist revolutionary who led a revolution in
Cuba, died in Bolivia, and then was immortalized in countless
T-shirts and merchandise? (Ernesto “Che” Guevara)
19. Which was the last dynasty to rule over China? (Qing)
20. Where are white blood cells in the human body made? (Bone
Marrow)
21. Which celebrity/personality has the most number of Twitter
followers? (Justin Bieber)
22. North Korean leader Kim Jong-Un was educated where?
(Switzerland)
23. Who made St. Peter’s Baldachin or Ciborium in St. Peter’s
Basilica? (Gian Lorenzo Bernini)
24. On the feast day of whom did the Imperial Japanese Army invade
the Philippines? (The Immaculate Conception)
25. In the War of the Austrian Succession, Frederick the Great of
Prussia took what part of Habsburg Austria and made it part of
Prussia? (Silesia)
26. Who shall have the exclusive power to initiate all cases of
impeachment? (House of Representatives)
27. Medinillia magnifica, or rose grape is a flowering plant native to the
Philippines. It is features on the newly-designed 10-peso coin
issued by the BSP last March 2018. What is the local name of this
plant? (Kapa-Kapa)
28. Political neutrality means that public official and employees :
(Shall provide service to anyone without unfair discrimination and
regardless of party affiliation or preference.)
29. Who is the principal law officer and legal defender of the Republic
of the Philippines. He/she represents the government in all
criminal proceedings in the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals.
(Solicitor General)
30. On January 1, 2018, the Republic Act No. 10963 widely known as
the TRAIN Law toom effect. What does TRAIN stand for? (Tax
Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion)
launched to the International Space Station (ISS) in March 2016. (Rabindranath Tagore)
(Diwata 1) 2. He is known as the father of horror stories. (Edgar Allan Poe)
32. She created history for the Philippines at the 2018 Asian Games 3. He is known as the Father of Essays. (Francis Bacon)
by winning the first ever gold medal for the Philippines in both 4. He is a Filipino writer whose stories and poems depict Filipino-
women’s individual and women’s team event in Asian Games golf Spanish cultural beliefs and traditions. (Nick Joaquin)
competitions. (Yuka Saso) 5. He was the first Filipino National Artist for Literature awarded in
33. RA 6713 is an act to uphold the time honored principle of public 1973. (Jose Garcia Villa)
office being a public trust, granting incentives and rewards for 6. He is a Filipino migrant whose fiction stories reflect the Filipino’s
exemplary service, enumerating prohibited acts and providing concept of American culture. (Bienvenido Santos)
penalties for violations thereof and for other purposes. (Code of 7. He is called a “comma poet” because he used commas
Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and extensively in his works. (Jose Garcia Villa)
Employees) 8. He is considered as the greatest English writer and also known
34. It was an ISIS affiliated local terrorist group which took over Marawi as the “Bard of Avon”. (William Shakespeare)
City. (Maute Group) 9. This Shakespeare’s play is a story of a man whose downfall was
35. The three inherent powers of the state are the following except: caused by overwhelming ambition for power. (Macbeth)
a. Police Power 10. This Omar Khayam’s work has the theme “Grasping pleasure
b. Power of Eminent Domain while you can.” (Rubaiyat)
c. Power of Taxation 11. This short story by Edgar Allan Poe has the theme which is
d. Power to Impeach similar to the theme of “Poison Tree”. (The Cask of Amontillado)
36. A tough but biodegradable netting that anchors the soil in sloping 12. This is a collection of Indian beast fables originally written in
land and riverbanks thus, protecting against erosion. (Coconet) Sanskrit. (Panchatantra)
37. The following government officials may be removed from office 13. This is the first great work of English literature. (Beowulf)
through impeachment except the _______ (Senator) 14. This is the greatest lyric poem in the literature of the world.
38. The Philippine Navy ship that made history by completing the (Psalms of King David)
country’s first ever pport call in Russia. (BRP Tarlac) 15. This is a folk song that originated in Pampanga. (Atin Cu
39. The current Speaker of the House of the 17 th Congress. (Gloria PungSingsing)
Macapagal Arroyo) 16. He is known as the greatest Indian writer of all time.” (Kalidasa)
40. A GPS is a space-based navigation system that provides location 17. He is called the “Morning Star” of English literature. (Geoffrey
and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or Chaucer)
near the earth. GPS stand for? (Global Positioning System) 18. He is the first man to replace myth with natural laws. (Thales of
41. The Supreme Court shallbe composed of a Chief Justice and how Melitus)
many Associates Justices? (14) 19. This is a collection of Indian sacred hymns. (Rig Veda)
42. USB is an industry standard that connects computers and 20. This is a collection of Indian religious text. (Upanishad)
electronic devices like keyboards digicams, portable media 21. He is regarded as the greatest haiku poet. (Matsuo Basho)
devices, disk drivers, smartphones, and network adapters to any 22. He is recognized as the father of American literature.
computer. USB stands for? (Universal Serial Bus) (Washington Irving)
43. The Burj Khalifa has been the tallest building in the world since 23. He was the first mythical geographer who was recognized due to
2008 and it is 828 meters (2,717 ft) tall. It is found where? (Dubai) his vivid descriptions of lands and people encountered by his
44. It mandates the blending of cocodiesel or coco methyl ester hero, Ulysses. (Homer)
(CME) to all diesel fuel and bioethanol in gasoline sold across the 24. He is a famous composer from Angono, Rizal, and was given a
country. (Biofuels Act of 2006) National Artist Award. (Luis San Pedro)
45. It is created under the Article IX of the 1987 Constitution. It is 25. This is regarded as the most influential book in the history of
mandated to adapt measures to promote morale, efficiency, English civilization. (The King James Bible)
integrity, responsiveness, progressiveness and courtesy in the 26. This is a popular Philippine secular poetry in octosyllabic
bureaucracy. (Civil Service Commission) quatrains. (Korido)
46. It is the lowest rank among the commissioned officers in the 27. It is a medieval German epic. (Nibelungenlied)
Bureau of Fire Protection. (Inspector) 28. He is known as the master of “local color” because of his
47. It is a law in the Philippines that aims to address legal issues Pickwick Papers. (Charles Dickens)
concerning online interactions and harmful internet behavior in 29. It is a story of a man’s effort to save his King from a monster.
the Philippines. It aims to prevent and punish cybercrime in the (Beowulf)
country. (Cybercrime Prevention Act) 30. It is Jonathan Swift’s satire on human folly and stupidity.
48. In literature, after the climax, comes denouement which is what? (Gulliver’s Travel)
(The final part of the play) 31. He is a Philippine National Artist awardee for Literature, and used
49. The date when the Philippines won against China on its case on free verse and espoused the dictum, "Art for art's sake“. (Jose
the Permanent Court of Arbitration. (July 12, 2016) Garcia Villa)
50. He is the current Chief of the Bureau of Fire Protection (Fire 32. This is known as epic of Ifugao. (Hud-hud)
Director Leonard Ramos Banago) 33. These poems are often erotic and espouse CARPE DIEM or
“seize the day”. (Cavalier Poems)
34. This is known to be the very first successful short story in English
written in 1925 by Paz Marquez Benitez. (Dead Stars)
FAMOUS WRITERS AND BOOKS 35. She wrote the most exquisite love poems of her time in “Sonnets
from the Portuguese”. (Elizabeth Barrett Browning)
36. This is a very long poem about a pilgrimage from London to 75. The southernmost city in Canada is: (Windsor, Ontario) • became president at 65, making him the oldest person to hold
Canterbury. (Canterbury Tales) 76. Iraq is ________ of Iran. (West) office
37. He is a Japanese poet who won the Nobel Prize for literature in • first Visayan to become president
1968. (Yasunari Kawabata) • joined with U.S. Gen. Douglas McArthur in Leyte on October 20,
38. This Indian epic which is considered as the longest poem ever 1944 to begin restoration of Philippine freedom after Japanese
written is made up of almost 100,000 couplets divided into 18 PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS occupation
parvans or sections. (Mahabharata) • Philippine National Bank was rehabilitated and the country joined
39. This was the era of knights, chivalry, and castles in English Emilio Aguinaldo 1899-1901
One way to remember the first president of the Philippines First the International Monetary Fund during his presidency
literature. (Middle Ages) • Bell Trade Act was approved by the U.S. Congress during his
40. This is known as epic of Visaya. (Maragtas) Republic is to look at the five peso coin. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo's
face used to grace the five peso bill (which is not used anymore). presidency
41. This a popular Philippine secular poetry in dodecasyllabic • appears on the 50-peso bill
quatrains. (Awit) The back of the bill shows him holding the Philippine flag at the
celebration of the Philippine Independence Day. Manuel Roxas, 1946-1948
42. He is popularly known as “HusengBatute”. (Jose Corazon de Manuel Roxas was the fifth president of the Philippines: the third
Jesus) "HusengSisiw". (Jose Dela Cruz) Contributions and Achievements:
• first (and only) president of the First Republic (Malolo Republic) (and last) president under the Commonwealth, and the first
43. This period of English literature literally means “rebirth” in French president of the Third Republic of the Philippines. He held office
(Renaissance) • signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, creating a truce between the
Spanish and Philippine revolutionaries for only one year, 10 months, and 18 days.
44. This is the first novel in English written by a Filipino writer in Contributions and Achievements:
1921. (Child of Sorrow, ZoiloGalang) • known as the President of the Revolutionary Government
• led the Philippines in the Spanish-Philippine War and the • inaugurated as the first president of the new Republic after World
45. From which Francis Bacon’s essay is this line taken “Some War II
books are to be tasted, others are to be swallowed, and some American-Philippine War
• youngest president, taking office at age 28 • reconstruction from war damage and life without foreign rule
few to be chewed and digested”? (Of Studies)
began during his presidency
46. This is the National Epic of England. (Beowulf) • longest-lived president, passing away at 94
Manuel L. Quezon, 1935-1944 • under his term, the Philippine Rehabilitation Act and Philippine
47. He is known as the Father of Tragedy. (Christopher Marlowe)
Trade Act laws were accepted by Congress
48. From which Shakespeare’s play are these lines taken “Good After 34 years of Insular Government under American rule,
night, good night! Parting is such a sweet sorrow that I shall say Philippine voters elected Manuel Luis Quezon first president of the • appears on the 100-peso bill
good night till it be morrow”? (Romeo and Juliet) Commonwealth of the Philippines. He is known as the “Father of Elpidio Quirino, 1948-1953
49. He is the first black Nigerian writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize National Language” (Ama ng Wikang Pambansa). He died of Elpidio Quirino served as vice president under Manuel Roxas.
for literature in 1986. (Wole Soyinka) tuberculosis in Saranac Lake, New York. When Roxas died in 1948, Quirino became president.
50. This is an epic of Ilocanos. (Biag Ni Lam-Ang) Contributions and Achievements: Contributions and Achievements:
51. What is StevanJavellana’s 1947 novel that captured the moving • first Senate president elected as President of the Philippines • Hukbalahap guerrilla movement active during his presidency
tale of the cruelty and the bravery of the war years? (Without • first president elected through a national election • created Social Security Commission
Seeing the Dawn) • first president under the Commonwealth • created Integrity Board to monitor graft and corruption
52. What is Carlos Bulosan’s 1946 literary work that tells about the • created National Council of Education • Quezon City became capital of the Philippines in 1948
painful reality of the American dream? (America Is in the Heart) Ramon Magsaysay, 1953-1957
• initiated women’s suffrage in the Philippines during the
53. He has been described as "arguably the most distinguished man Commonwealth Ramon Magsaysay was born in Iba, Zambales. He was a military
of letters in English history”. (Samuel Johnson) governor and an engineer. He died in an aircraft disaster while
• approved Tagalog/Filipino as the national language of the
54. This is the National Epic of America. (The Song of Hiawatha) boarding the presidential plane.
Philippines
55. This poem commemorates the life of a public leader, Abraham Contributions and Achievements:
• appears on the twenty-peso bill
Lincoln. (O Captain! My Captain!) • Hukbalahap movement quelled during his presidency
• a province, a city, a bridge and a university in Manila are named
56. This literary work is believed to have triggered the American Civil • chairman of the Committee on Guerrilla Affairs
after him
War. (Uncle Tom’s Cabin) • first president sworn into office wearing Barong Tagalog during
• his body lies within the special monument on Quezon Memorial
57. What year did Albert Einstein die? (1955). inauguration
Circle
58. Which is the largest planet in the solar system? (Jupiter) • presidency referred to as the Philippines' "Golden Years" for its
José P. Laurel, 1943-1945
59. How many Presidents have there been of the USA? (Updated lack of corruption
José P. Laurel's presidency is controversial. He was officially the
2014) (44) • Philippines was ranked second in Asia’s clean and well-governed
government's caretaker during the Japanese occupation of World
60. What colour is Cerulean? (Blue) countries during his presidency
War II. Criticized as a traitor by some, his indictment for treason
61. What are a group of Dolphins called? (Pod) • established National Resettlement and Rehabilitation
was superseded later by an amnesty proclamation in 1948.
62. Who discovered Penicillin? (Alexander Fleming) Administration (NARRA) among other agrarian reforms
Contributions and Achievements:
63. What date was President John F Kennedy assassinated? Carlos P. Garcia, 1957-1961
(November 22 1963) • since the early 1960s, Laurel considered a legitimate president of
the Philippines A lawyer, poet, and teacher, Carlos P. Garcia also served as a
64. How many men have walked on the moon? (12) guerrilla leader during the Pacific War. Born in Bohol, Garcia
65. Who has won the most Academy Awards? (Walt Disney) • organized KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong
serviced as vice president under Ramon Magsaysay and as
66. What is the currency of Brazil? (Real) Pilipinas, or Association for Service to the New Philippines), a
provisional government during Japanese occupation secretary of Foreign Affairs for four years. He became president
67. What percentage of the world is covered in water? (71%) when Magsaysay died in 1957.
68. China's population is how many times that of the U.S.A.? (4.6) • declared Martial Law and war between the Philippines and the
Contributions and Achievements:
69. How many continents are there on planet Earth? (7) U.S./United Kingdom in 1944
• known for “Filipino First Policy,” which favored Filipino businesses
70. What is the largest country in Africa? (Sudan). • with his family, established the Lyceum of the Philippines
over foreign investors
71. What is the world's oldest, continually inhabited city? (Damascus, Sergio Osmeña, 1944-1946
Sergio Osmeña was the second president of the Commonwealth. • established the Austerity Program focusing on Filipino trade and
Syria) commerce
72. What is the predominant religion in the Philippines? (Christianity) During his presidency, the Philippines joined the International
Monetary Fund. • known as the “Prince of Visayan Poets” and the “Bard from Bohol”
73. The world's tallest people (average 6'5") come from which • cultural arts was revived during his term
country? (Burundi0 Contributions and Achievements:
• was the first president to have his remains buried at the Libingan
74. The capital city of Chile is: (Santiago)
ng mga Bayani
9. Diosdado Macapagal, 1961-1965
Born in Lubao, Pampanga, Diosdado Macapagal was a lawyer and
professor. His daughter Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was the 14th,
and second female, president of the Philippines.
Contributions and Achievements:
• established the first Land Reform Law, allowing for the purchase
of private farmland to be distributed in inexpensive, small lots to
the landless
• placed the Philippine peso on the currency exchange market
• declared June 12, 1898 to be Philippines’ Independence Day
• signed the Minimum Wage Law
• created the Philippine Veteran’s Bank
Ferdinand Marcos, 1965-1986
Born in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, Ferdinand Edralin Marcos was a
lawyer and Senate President for three years. He was president for
21 years. He ruled under martial law and his dictatorship was
known for its corruption and brutality. Marcos was removed from
office after the People Power Revolution.
Contributions and Achievements:
• first president to win a second term
• declared Martial Law on Sept. 22, 1972
• increased the size of Philippine military and armed forces
• by 1980 the Philippine GNP was four times greater than 1972
• by 1986 the Philippines was one of the most indebted countries in
Asia
• built more schools, roads, bridges, hospitals, and other
infrastructure than all former presidents combined
• the only president whose remains are interred inside a refrigerated
crypt
Corazon Aquino, 1986-1992
The first woman president of the Philippines and the first woman
to become president of an Asian country, Corazon Aquino was
born in Paniqui, Tarlac. She was a prominent figure in the People
Power Revolution that brought down Ferdinand Marcos'
dictatorship. Her husband, Benigno Aquino Jr., was a senator
during the Marcos regime and its strongest critic. He was
assassinated while Marcos was still in power.
Contributions and Achievements:
• first woman to be president of the Philippines or any Asian country
• restored democracy
• abolished the 1973 Marcos Constitution and ushered in the new
Constitution of the Philippines
• reorganized the structure of the executive branch of government
• signed the Family Code of 1987, a major civil law reform, and 1191
Local Government Code, which reorganized the structure of the
executive branch of government
• initiated charitable and social activities helping the poor and the
needy
• named “Woman of the Year” in 1986 by Time magazine
• on the new 500-peso bill together with her husband Benigno
Aquino
Fidel V. Ramos, 1992-1998
Fidel V. Ramos was the chief-of-staff of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines before he became president. He was also a civil
engineer. As president, he restored economic growth and stability
in the country, even during the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997. He
is the first, and so far the only, non-Catholic president of the
Philippines.
Contributions and Achievements:
• oversaw Philippine economic growth
• presided over celebrations of Philippine Independence Centennial
in 1998
• received British Knighthood from the United Kingdom by Queen
Elizabeth II (Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Michael and
St. George)
• hosted the fourth Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Leader's
Summit in the Philippines in 1996
• Philippine Stock Exchange became an international favorite during
his presidency
• death penalty reinstated while he was in office
• signed peace agreement with the rebel Moro National Liberation
Front
Joseph Estrada, 1998-2001
Known as Erap, Joseph Estrada was the first president who had
been a famous film actor. His presidency was controversial. During
his years in office economic growth was slow and he faced
impeachment proceedings. He was ousted from the presidency in
2001. He was later convicted of stealing from the government but
was pardoned. He ran unsuccessfully for president in 2010.
Contributions and Achievements:
• during his presidency Moro Islamic Liberation Front headquarters
and camps were captured
• joined other leaders and politicians to try to amend the 1987
Constitution
• cited as one of the Three Outstanding Senators in 1989
• among the “Magnificent 12” who voted to terminate the agreement
that allows for U.S. control of Clark Airbase and Subic Naval Base
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, 2001-2010
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was the 14th, president of the Philippines
(and the second female president). The Oakwood Mutiny occurred
during her term. Arroyo oversaw road and infrastructure
improvements and higher economic growth that presidents before
her, but there was also controversy. The so-called "Hello Garci"
controversy involved recordings that allegedly captured Arroyo
ordering the rigging of the election that put her in office. In 2005
Arroyo faced impeachment proceedings related to the recordings
but the impeachment failed. After she had left office Arroyo faced
additional charges of election fraud and misuse of state funds.
Contributions and Achievements:
• second female president of the country
• first and only female vice-president of the Philippines so far
• first president to take oath outside Luzon
• former Economics professor at the Ateneo de Manila University,
where current president Benigno Aquino III was one of her
students
• ex-classmate of former U.S. President Bill Clinton at Georgetown
University’s Walsh School of Foreign Service, where she
maintained Dean’s list status
• oversaw higher economic growth than the past three presidents
before her
• peso became the best-performing currency of the year in Asia in
2007
• eVAT Law was implemented under her term
Benigno Aquino III, 2010-2016
Benigno Aquino III joined the House of Representatives and the
Senate before his presidency. He is the first president who is a
bachelor; he is unmarried and has no children.
Contributions and Achievements:
• created the no "wang-wang" (street siren) policy
• appointed statesman Jesse Robredo to serve as secretary of
Interior and Local Government in 2010, where Robredo served
until his death in 2012
• initiated K-12 education in the Philippines
• renamed the Office of the Press Secretary to Presidential
Communications Operations Office and appointed new officers
• suspended allowances and bonuses to Government Owed and
Controlled Corporation and Government Financial Institution
board members
• oversaw 7.1% growth of the Philippine economy in 2012
Rodrigo Roa Duterte, 2016- Present
Rodrigo Duterte, former mayor of Davao, ascended to the
presidency through a populist movement. His main campaign
slogan was “Change is Coming” and vowed to fight/eradicate
criminality and drugs within 3-6 months.
Contributions and Achievements:
• the Permanent Court of Arbitration awarded a landmarkvictory to
the Philippines, it has won on almost all of its arguments against
China.
• Instigated the foreign policy shift, from being a pro – US ally, to
more independent stance (or a pro – China stance)
PHILLIPPINE MONEY
20 Peso
PHP 20 NOTE OBVERSE
The front or obverse shows President Manuel L. Quezon (1878-1940),
president of the Philippine Commonwealth from 1935 until 1944, and
considered the Father of the National Language. This note, like the previous
20 Peso note, commemorates the declaration of Filipino as the National
Language in 1935. The Malacanan, the Philippine presidential palace, has
moved to the front.
PHP 20 NOTE REVERSE
On the back or reverse, you'll find the Banaue Rice Terraces and a Palm civet,
and a woven design from the Cordilleras.The Banaue Rice Terraces have been
carved into the Cordilleras mountains in central Luzon by Ifugao tribesmen over
thousands of years with very limited means.
The palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus philippinensis) is an indigenous
animal in the Philippines, and curiously related to the most expensive coffee in
the world, the coffee alamid, which is made from coffee beans eaten and partly
digested by palm civets, and collected from their droppings.
50 Peso
PHP 50 NOTE OBVERSE
The front shows President Sergio Osmena (1878-1961), was President of the
Philippines from 1944 to 1946. He had already become a member of the
assembly in 1907, at the age of 29. He was also present with the 1944 landing
of General Douglas McArthur in 1944. The "Leyte Landing" monument on Palo
beach, Leyte, that commemorates this event is also shown here.
PHP 50 NOTE REVERSE
The back displays Taal Lake and the giant trevally, and embroidery design from
Batangas. Taal Lake is the deepest freshwater lake in the country. Taal
volcano, an island in the middle of this lake is one of the worlds smallest
volcano's, and is still regularly active.
The giant trevally (Caranx ignobilis) is a fish that only lives in the water of Taal
Lake. It is locally known as Maliputo, and considered highly delicious.
100 Peso
PHP 100 NOTE OBVERSE
President Manuel A. Roxas (1892-1948) is honored on the front of the 100
Peso note. He was the first president of the Philippines after independence,
and died in office from a heart attack in 1948. Further depicted is the
Inauguration of the Third Republic on 4 July 1946, and the Central Bank of the
Philippines, of which Roxas initiated the foundation.
Some nationalists are happy that the American flag that was on the previous
note has been removed in this redesign. However, the United States eagle, as
well as the Spanish lion remain on the Philippine coat of arms depicted on all Tubattaha Reef Marine Park, a nature reserve of 130,000 hectares in the Sulu Year of Minting
Philippine notes. Sea is a unique underwater ecosystem. This huge coral reef is home to whales,
PHP 100 NOTE REVERSE dolphins, turtles, sharks, and hundreds species of fish. Mint Mark
The back depicts Mayon Volcano and a whale shark, and indigenous textile The South Sea pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima) can grow some of the largest
from Bicol. pearls in the world. PHP 10 COIN REVERSE
Mayon Volcano is an active stratovolcano in the province of Albay, in the Bicol 1 Centimo
Region. This volcano is famous for its almost perfect cone shape. 1 CENTS OBVERSE Medinilla magnifica (Kapa-kapa)
The whale shark, (Rhincodon typus), locally known as the butanding, is the “Republika ng Pilipinas"
Logo of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
largest living fish in the world, and can be found in Sorsogon, not far from Three stars and the Sun (stylized representation of the PH flag)
Mayon Volcano. Although it is a member of the shark family, it is a gentle giant Value: .1 Microprint of “Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas”
that feeds on plankton, and poises no danger to humans. Year of Minting
200 Peso Mint Mark Microdots
PHP 200 NOTE OBVERSE 1 CENTS REVERSE
The front carries the portrait of president Diosdado P. Macapagal (1910-1997), Xanthostemon verdugonianus (Mangkono); logo of the Bangko Sentral ng AUTHORS AND THEIR FAMOUS WORKS
father of former president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, who also still poses on this Pilipinas
note, but now neatly tucked away in the lower-left corner, commemorating 5 Centimo Charles Dickens
EDSA People Power II. Also shown here is the Barasoain Church in Malolos, 5 CENTS OBVERSE • Great Expectations
Bulacan, where in 1898 General Emilio Aguinaldo declared independence from “Republika ng Pilipinas” • A Christmas Carol
Spanish colonial rule. Three stars and the Sun (stylized representation of the PH flag) Jane Austen
PHP 200 NOTE REVERSE Value .05 • Pride and Prejudice
The back side shows the Chocolate Hills of Bohol, a Philippine tarsier, and Year of Minting • Sense and Sensibility
textile designs from the Visayas. Mint Mark Ernest Miller Hemingway
The Chocolate Hills are a characteristic karst landscape in central Bohol, 5 CENTS REVERS • The Old Man and The Sea
named after the chocolate-brown color they acquire at the end of the dry Calotropis gigantea (Kapal-Kapal Baging) • The Sun Also Rises
season. The exact number of those 30 to 50 meter high mounds is under Logo of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas • A Farewell to Arms
dispute, but some claim to have counted 1268. 25 Centimo
• Fow Whom the Bell Tolls
The Philippine tarsier (Tarsius syrichta) is a shy nocturnal animal, that can be 25 CENTS OBVERSE
Stephen King (PEN NAME : Richard Bachman)
found in Bohol. One of the smallest primates in the world, it can be held in one's “Republika ng Pilipinas”
• It
hand, but still is capable to make jumps of three meters between trees. Besides Three stars and the Sun (stylized representation of the PH flag)
Bohol, it can be found in Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao. Value: .25 • The Shining
500 Peso Year of Minting Theodor Seuss Geisel/ Dr. Seuss
PHP 500 NOTE OBVERSE Mint Mark • The Cat in the Hat
On the front of the 500 peso note, Senator Benigno Aquino Jr. (1932-1983) - 25 CENTS REVERSE J.K Rowling (PEN NAME : Robert Galbraith)
no longer frowning - is now joined by his wife, President Corazon C. Aquino Dillenia philippinesis (Katmon); • Harry Potter
(1933-2009), who became president after the non-violent People Power Logo of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas William Shakespeare
revolution ousted Marcos from office. This side further depicts the crowds who 1 Peso • Romeo and Juliet
participated in the People Power revolution and the monument for Sen. PHP 1 COIN OBVERSE • Hamlet
Benigno Aquino Jr. “Republika ng Pilipinas” • Macbeth
PHP 500 NOTE REVERSE Portrait of Jose Rizal • Othelio
The back shows the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River, a blue-naped parrot, Value 1 • The Merchant and Vernice
and woven cloth from the Southern Philippines. Year of Minting Edgar Allan Poe
The Puerto Princesa Subterranean River is an eight kilometer long Mint Mark • The Raven
underground river on Palawan, that winds through a huge cave.The blue-naped PHP 1 COIN REVERSE • The Sleeper
parrot (Tanygnathus lucionensis) lives in the primary forests of Palawan and Vanda Sanderiana (Waling-waling) Jonathan Swift
Mindoro. Logo of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas • Gulliver’s Travels
1000 Peso 5 Peso • Modest Proposal
PHP 1000 NOTE REVERSE PHP 5 COIN OBVERSE • A Tale of A Tub
The 1000 peso note is the only one not to depict a former president. On it are “Republika ng Pilipinas” Victor Hugo
three World War II heros: Josefa Llanes Escoda (1898-1945), Vicente P. Lim Portrait of Andres Bonifacio • Les Miserables
(1888-1944), and Jose Abad Santos (1886-1942). Value 5 • Notre- Dame De Paris
Josefa Llanes Escoda was an advocate for women's rights, educator and social Microprint of “Republika ng Pilipinas” Georger Eliot (PEN NAME : Mary Anne Evans)
worker. She founded the Girl Scouts of the Philippines, and edited a Year of Minting
• The Mill on the Floss
newspaper. She was killed for helping prisoners of war during the Japanese Mint Mark
• Middle March
occupation. PHP 5 COIN REVERSE
Brigadier General Vicente P. Lim, was Chief of Staff of the Philippine Army, Stronglydon macrobotrys (Tayabak) • Silas Marner
who, although wounded, organized guerrilla activities. He was captured and Logo of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas Mark Twain (PEN NAME : Samuel Clemens) FATHER OF AMERICAN LIT.
killed by the Japanese. Microprint of “Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas” • The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
Jose Abad Santos was the Chief Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court. He 10 Peso • Adventure of Huckleberry Finn
refused to cooperate with the Japanese occupation forces, and was executed PHP 10 COIN OBVERSE F. Scott Fitzgerald
for that. “Republika ng Pilipinas” • The Great Gatsby
PHP 1000 NOTE REVERSE Portrait of Apolinario Mabini CS. Lewis
The reverse shows the Tubattaha Reef Marine Park, a South Sea pearl oyster, Value 10 • The Chronicles of Narnia
and tinalak or ikat-dyed abaca cloth from Mindanoa. Microprint of “Republika ng Pilipinas” Vladimir Nabokov
 • Lolita REGION 10 – Northern Mindanao Attis - The (minor) god of rebirth.
Homer ➢ Bukidnon, Camiguin, Lanao del Norte, Misamis Occidental, Bia - The goddess of force.
• The Illiad Misamis Oriental Boreas - (a.k.a. Aquilo, Aquilon) The North Wind. One of the Anemoi (wind
• The Odyssey ➢ REGIONAL CENTER: City of Cagayan de Oro gods).
Dante Alghieri REGION 11 – DAVAO REGION Brizo - Protector of Mariners.
• The Divine Comedy ➢ Compostela Valley, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur,Davao Caerus - (a.k.a. Kairos, Occasio, Tempus) The (minor) god of luck and
Geoffrey Chaucer FATHER OF ENGLISH LIT. Occidental, Davao Oriental opportunity.
• Canterbury Tales ➢ REGIONAL CENTER: City of davao Calliope - One of the Muses. Represented epic poetry.
Leo Tolstoy REGION 12 – SOCCSKSARGEN Calypso - (a.k.a. Kalypso) The sea nymph who held Odysseus prisoner for
• War and Peace ➢ Cotabato, Sarangani, South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat seven years.
• Anna Karenina ➢ REGIONAL CENTER: City of Koronadal Castor - (a.k.a. Castore, Kastor) One of the twins who represent Gemini.
Herman Melville REGION 13 – CARAGA Celaeno - The name of a wife of Poseidon.
➢ Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Dinagat Islands, Surigao del Cerus - The wild bull tamed by Persephone, made into the Taurus constellation.
• Moby-Dick
Norte, Surigao del Sur Ceto - (a.k.a. Keto) a sea monster goddess who was also the mother of other
James Joyce
➢ REGIONAL CENTER: City of Butuan sea monsters.
• Ulysses
Chaos - (a.k.a. Khaos) The nothingness that all else sprung from.
Gustave Klaubert
NCR – NATIONAL APITAL REGION Charon - (a.k.a. Charun) The Ferryman of Hades. He had to be paid to help
• Madame Bovary one cross the river Styx.
Harper Lee ➢ Caloocan, Las Pinas, Valenzuela, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Makati, Chronos - (a.k.a. Chronus, Khronos) God of time.
• To kill a Mockingbird Pasig, Pasay, Paranaque, Taguig, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Pateros, Circe - (a.k.a. Kirke) A goddess who transformed her enemies into beasts.
T.S Eliot Quezon, City, San Juan, Malabon, Manila Clio - One of the Muses. She represented History.
• The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock ➢ REGIONAL CENTER: Manila Clotho - (a.k.a. Nona) One of the Fates - Spun the thread of life from her distaff
• The Waste Land onto her spindle.
Nathaniel Hawthorne CAR – CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION Crios - The crab who protected the sea nymphs, made into the Cancer
• The House of the Seven Gables constellation.
• Twice-Told Tales ➢ Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, Mountain Province Cronus - (a.k.a. Cronos, Kronos, Saturn) God of agriculture, father of the
• The Scarlet Letter ➢ REGIONAL CENTER: City of Baguio Titans.
Cybele - (a.k.a. Agdistis, Magna Mater, Meter, Meter Oreie) Goddess of
ARMM – AUTONOMOUS REGION IN MUSLIM MINDANAO
REGIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES caverns, mountains, nature and wild animals.
REGION 1 – ILOCOS REGION ➢ Basilan, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanap, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi Demeter - (a.k.a. Ceres, Demetra, Tvath) Goddess of the harvest.
➢ Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Pangasinan ➢ REGIONAL CENTER: Cotabato Dinlas - Guardian of the ancient city of Lamark, where wounded heroes could
➢ REGIONAL CENTER: City of San Fernando heal after battle.
REGION 2 – CAGAYAN VALLEY Dionysus - (a.k.a. Bacchus, Dionysos, Liber) God of wine and pleasure.
➢ Batanes, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya,Quirino Doris - A Sea Nymph, mother of the Nereids.
➢ REGIONAL CENTER: City of Tuguegarao GREEKS AND GODDESSES Eileithyia - (a.k.a. Eileithyiai, Eilithia, Eilythia, Eleuthia, Ilithia, Ilithyia, Lucina)
REGION 3 – CENTRAL LUZON Achelois - One of the moon goddesses. Goddess of childbirth.
➢ Aurora, Bataan,Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Tarlac, Achelous - The patron god of the Achelous river. Eireisone - The deity who embodied the sacred ceremonial olive branch.
Zambales Aeolus - (a.k.a. Aeolos, Aiolos, Aiolus, Eolus) God of air and the winds. Electra - (a.k.a. Atlantis) One of the seven Pleiades.
➢ REGIONAL CENTER: City of San Fernando Aether - (a.k.a. Aither, Akmon, Ether) God of light and the atmosphere. Elpis - (a.k.a. Spes) The spirit of Hope.
REGION 4A – CALABARZON Alastor - God of family feuds. Enyo - (a.k.a. Bellona) A (minor) goddess of war, connected to Eris.
➢ Batangas, Cavite, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal Alcyone - One of the seven daughters of Atlas and Pleione. Eos - (a.k.a. Aurora, Eosphorus, Mater Matuta, Thesan) Goddess of the Dawn.
➢ REGIONAL CENTER: City of Calamba Alectrona - Early Greek goddess of the sun. Erato - One of the Muses - represents Lyrics/Love Poetry.
REGION 4B – MIMAROPA Amphitrite - (a.k.a. Salacia) The wife of Poseidon and a Nereid. Erebus - (a.k.a. Erebos) God of darkness.
➢ Marinduque, Occidental Mindoro, Oriental Mindoro, Palawan, Antheia - Goddess of gardens, flowers, swamps, and marshes. Eris - (a.k.a. Discordia) Goddess of strife, connected to Enyo.
Romblon Aphaea - (a.k.a. Aphaia) A Greek goddess who was worshipped exclusively at Eros - (a.k.a. Amor, Cupid, Eleutherios) God of love, procreation and sexual
➢ REGIONAL CENTER: City of Calapan a single sanctuary on the island of Aegina in the Saronic Gulf. desire.
REGION 5 – BICOL REGION Aphrodite - (a.k.a. Anadyomene, Turan, Venus) Goddess of love and beauty. Eurus - (a.k.a. Euros, Vulturnus) The East Wind - One of the Anemoi (wind
➢ Albay, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Catanduanes, Apollo - (a.k.a. Apollon, Apulu, Phoebus) God of the sun, music, healing, and gods).
Masbate, Sorsogon herding. Euterpe - One of the Muses - represents Music/Lyrics/Poetry.
➢ REGIONAL CENTER: City of Legazpi Ares - (a.k.a. Enyalius, Mars, Aries) God of chaotic war. Gaia - (a.k.a. Celu, Gaea, Terra) Goddess of the Earth, also known as Mother
REGION 6 – WESTERN VISAYAS Aristaeus - (a.k.a. Aristaios) Patron god of animal husbandry, bee-keeping, and Earth.
➢ Aklan, Antique, Capiz, Guimaras, Iloilo, Negros Occidental fruit trees. Glaucus - (a.k.a. Glacus, Glaukos) A fisherman turned immortal, turned
➢ REGIONAL CENTER: Iloilo Artemis - (a.k.a. Agrotora, Amarynthia, Cynthia, Kourotrophos, Locheia, Orthia, Argonaut, turned a god of the sea.
REGION 7 – CENTRAL VISAYAS Phoebe, Potnia Theron) Goddess of the moon, hunting, and nursing. Hades - (a.k.a. Aita, Dis Pater, Haidou, Orcus, Plouton, Pluto) God of the Dead,
➢ Bohol, Cebu, Negros Oriental, Siquijor Asclepius - (a.k.a. Aesculapius, Asklepios) God of health and medicine. King of the Underworld.
➢ REGIONAL CENTER: City of Cebu Astraea - The Star Maiden - a goddess of justice, included in Virgo and Libra Harmonia - (a.k.a. Concordia) Goddess of Harmony and Concord.
REGION 8 –EASTERN VISAYAS mythologies. Hebe - (a.k.a. Juventas) Goddess of youth.
➢ Biliran, Eastern Samar, Leyte, Northern Samar, Samar, Southern Até - Goddess of mischief. Hecate - (a.k.a. Hekat, Hekate, Trivia) Goddess of magic, witchcraft, ghosts,
Samar Athena - (a.k.a. Asana, Athene, Minerva, Menerva) Goddess of wisdom, and the undead.
➢ REGIONAL CENTER: City of Tacloban poetry, art, and the strategic side of war. Helios - (a.k.a. Sol) God of the Sun.
REGION 9 – ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA Atlas - The Primordial Titan who carried the weight of the heavens on his back. Hemera - (a.k.a. Amar, Dies, Hemere) Goddess of daylight.
➢ Zambonaga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay Atropos - (a.k.a. Aisa, Morta) One of The Fates - She cut the thread of life and Hephaestus - (a.k.a. Hephaistos, Vulcan, Sethlans, Mulciber) God of fire and
➢ REGIONAL CENTER: City of Pagadian chose the manner of a persons death. blacksmithing who created weapons for the gods.
Hera - (a.k.a. Juno, Uni) Goddess of goddesses, women, and marriage and Thalia - One of the Muses - represented Comedy. **gumawa ng estatwa ni rizal sa luneta park
wife of Zeus. Thanatos - (a.k.a. Mors) God of death.
Heracles - (a.k.a. Herakles, Hercules, Hercle) An immortal hero of many Greek Themis - Ancient goddess of divine order, law, and custom. **noli me tangere
legends, the strongest man on Earth. Thetis - Leader of the Nereids, a shapeshifter, and a prophet.
Hermes - (a.k.a. Pyschopompus, Mercury, Turms) God of commerce and Triton - Trumpeter of the sea and messenger of the deep. **el filibusterismo
travel, and messenger of the gods. Tyche - (a.k.a. Fortuna, Nortia) Goddess of fortune and prosperity.
Hesperus - (a.k.a. Hesperos, Vesper) The Evening Star. Typhon - (a.k.a. Typhaon, Typhoeus, Typhus) God of monsters, storms, and
Hestia - (a.k.a. Vesta) Greek goddess of the home and fertility. One of the volcanoes. Challenged Zeus for control of Mount Olympus.
Hesperides. Urania - One of the Muses - represented Astronomy and Astrology.
Hygea - (a.k.a. Hygieia, Salus) Goddess of cleanliness and hygeine. Uranus - (a.k.a. Ouranos, Caelus) God of the sky and the heavens. Father of
Hymenaios - (a.k.a. Hymenaeus, Hymen) God of weddings. the Titans.
Hypnos - (a.k.a. Somnus) God of sleep. Zelus - The god of zeal, rivalry, and jealousy.
Iris - Goddess of rainbows. Zephyrus - (a.k.a. Zephyros, Favonius, Zephyr) The West Wind. One of the
Khione - The goddess of snow and daughter of the North Wind (Boreas) Anemoi (wind gods).
Kotys - (a.k.a. Cotys, Cottyto, Cottytus) A Dionysian goddess whose Zeus - (a.k.a. Dias, Jupiter, Tinia, Jove, Jovis Pater) Leader of the Olympic
celebrations were wild and liscivious. gods, and god of lightning, thunder, and the heavens.
Kratos - A god of strength and power.
Lacheses - (a.k.a. Decima) One of the Fates. Measured the thread of life with
her rod.
Maia - (a.k.a. Mya, Fauna, Maia Maiestas, Bono Dea) One of the seven
Pleiades, Goddess of fields.
Mania - (a.k.a. Mania, Manea) Goddess of insanity and the dead.
Melpomene - One of the Muses - represented Tragedy.
Merope - One of the seven Pleiades, married to king Sisyphos.
**list of presidents in the Philippines
Metis - Titan goddess of wisdom.
Momus - (a.k.a. Momos) God of satire, writers, and poets. **Philippine money (latest)
Morpheus - God of dreams and sleep.
Nemesis - (a.k.a. Rhamnousia, Invidia) Goddess of retribution (vengeance). **worl literarture
Nereus - (a.k.a. Phorcys, Phorkys) Titan God who Fathered the Nereids. God
of the Sea before Poseidon. **Greek myth
Nike - (a.k.a. Victoria, Nice) Goddess of victory.
Notus - (a.k.a. Auster) The South Wind. One of the Anemoi (wind gods). **regions in the ph
Nyx - (a.k.a. Nox) Goddess of night.
Oceanus - Titan god of the ocean. **countrys with capitals
Pallas - A giant who was one of the ancient Titan gods of war.
Pan - (a.k.a. Faunus, Inuus) God of woods, fields, and flocks. Also a Satyr. **list of popes
Peitha - (a.k.a. Peitho, Suadela) Goddess of persuasion.
Persephone - (a.k.a. Persephassa, Persipina, Persipnei, Persephatta, **zodiac signs
Proserpina, Kore, Kora, Libera) Goddess of the Spring who lives off-season in
**athletes
the Underworld.
Pheme - (a.k.a. Fama) Goddess of fame and gossip. **beauty pageants
Phosphorus - (a.k.a. Phosphor, Lucifer) The Morning Star.
Plutus - God of wealth. **Rizals life story
Pollux - (a.k.a. Polydeuces) One of the twins who represent Gemini.
Polyhymnia - One of the Muses - represents sacred poetry and geometry. **philosopers
Pontus - (a.k.a. Pontos) Ancient god of the deep sea.
Poseidon - (a.k.a. Neptune, Nethuns, Neptunus) God of the sea and **scientist and contribuyions
earthquakes.
Priapus - (a.k.a. Priapus, Mutinus, Mutunus) A (minor) god of gardens and **famous author
fertility, best known for having an enormous penis.
Pricus - The immortal father of sea-goats, made into the Capricorn **national artists
constellation.
**pambansang ano ng pilipinas
Proteus - An early sea god before Poseidon.
Rhea - (a.k.a. Cybele) Goddess of nature. **Historical churches
Selene - (a.k.a. Luna) Goddess of the Moon and the 'mother' of vampires.
Sterope - (a.k.a. Asterope) One of the seven Pleiades, who bore a child of Ares. **largest places (malls)
Styx - A Naiad who was the first to aid Zeus in the Titan war. (Not to be
confused with the river Styx). **regions in the philippines
Tartarus - (a.k.a. Tartaros, Tartarizo) God of the depths of the Underworld - a
great storm pit - and the father of Typhon. **Asean members
Taygete - (a.k.a. Taygeti, Taigeti) One of the seven Pleiades, a mountain
nymph. **Carlos Yulo
Terpsichore - One of the Muses - represented Dancing.