Department of Education

8 National Capital Region

SCHOOL S DIVISION OFFICE
MARIKINA CITY

Science
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Newton’s Laws of Motion

Writers: Mark Anthony F. Casimiro

James C. Candedeir

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 What I Need to Know
This module was designed to help you master the nature of Physics. The
scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations.
The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons
are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which
you read them can be changed which corresponds to the textbook you are now
using.

The module will help you understand the Newton’s first third of motion and infer
that when a body exerts a force on another, an equal amount of force is exerted
back on it. (S8FE-Ia-16)

After going through this module, you are specifically expected to:
1. explain Newton’s Third Law of Motion as Law of Interaction;
2. describe action and reaction forces; and
3. discuss why action and reaction forces do not cancel each other.

What I Know
Choose only the letter of the correct answer and write it on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. A fast-moving small car collided with a large loaded truck. Which of the
following statements concerning the force experienced by the car and the
truck is correct?
A. The truck experienced the greater force.
B. The small car experienced the greater force.
C. The same force was experienced by the truck and the small car.
D. It’s impossible to tell since the mass and the acceleration were not
given.

2. Which of the following statements about Newton’s third law is false?

A. Action and reaction forces have equal magnitude.
B. This is also called the Law of acceleration.
C. Neither of the force will exist without the other.
D. There are two forces involved, the action and reaction forces.

3. In Newton’s third law of motion, the equal and opposite forces do not cancel
out each other out. What is the reason for this?
A. The forces have equal magnitudes.
B. The forces act on different systems.
C. The two forces act in parallel directions.
D. The two forces are in the same direction.

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4. A fast-moving small car collided with a large truck full of loads. Which will
experience the greater acceleration due to the collision?
A. The truck
B. The small car
C. Both will have the same acceleration.
D. It’s impossible to tell since the force and the mass of the two objects
are unknown.

5. A book is placed on a table. If the book exerts a force of 15 N on the table,

how much force does the table exert on the book?
A. 0 N C. 9.8 N
B. 3 N D. 15 N

6. A glass fell on the floor. What is the direction of the force exerted by the floor
on the glass?
A. rightward C. downward
B. leftward D. upward

7. Which of the following is TRUE about the forces in Newton’s third law of
motion?
A. F12 < F21 C. F12 > F21
B. F12 = F21 D. F12 ≠ F21

8. If a man is pushing the cart to the left, what is the direction of the force
exerted by the cart on the man?
A. downward C. rightward
B. upward D. leftward

9. If the car is moving at 5m/s2. What is the force exerted by the ground on the
car assuming that the car’s mass is 5 kg?
A. 25 N C. 5 N
B. 10 N D. 0 N

10. How does Newton’s second law of motion differ from third law of motion?
A. The net force in second law can be 0 N while for the third law it
cannot.
B. They don’t have a difference at all as they both describe forces.
C. Forces in second law act on two different objects while in third law act
the same object.
D. Forces in the second law act on one object while in third law act on
two objects.

11. Which of the following is the other name for Newton’s third law of motion?
A. Law of Inertia
B. Law of Revolution
C. Law of Interaction
D. Law of Acceleration

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12. Which of the following statements is NOT true about action and reaction
forces in Newton’s third law of motion?
A. These forces are equal but in opposite direction.
B. These forces are equal and in the same direction
C. These forces are not equal but in opposite direction.
D. These forces are not equal but in the same direction.

13. Which of the three Newton’s laws of motion best explains why we feel
something if we push or touch something?
A. Newton’s first law of motion
B. Newton’s second law of motion
C. Newton’s third law of motion
D. None of the above.

14. What does Newton’s third law of motion state?

A. An object at rest will remain at rest or in motion at constant velocity
unless acted by a net force.
B. The force is directly proportional to acceleration but inversely
proportional to mass.
C. In every action, there is always an equal and opposite reaction
D. All of the above.

15. A boy threw the ball towards the wall. When the ball hits the wall, what is
the reaction?
A. The wall exerted a force on the boy.
B. The boy exerted a force on the ball.
C. The ball exerted a force on the wall.
D. The wall exerted a force on the ball.

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Lesson
Newton’s Third Law of
1 Motion: Interaction

A force can make an object accelerate. The greater the force exerted, the
greater the acceleration. But, have you thought, where these forces come from? If
you push a table, are you the only one exerting a force? Does the table exert a force
on you as well? In Physics, to identify the forces acting on an object, we make Free-
Body Diagrams (FBD). In an FBD, you will know the magnitude and the direction of
the forces on an object represented by arrows. The length of the arrow corresponds
to the magnitude of the force while its direction is the direction of the force.

What’s In

Activity: Identifying Forces that Act on an Object

From the given situations, draw the direction of forces on each object. Use an arrow
to represent the direction. Draw it on a separate sheet of paper.
Example:
Situation: A book on top of a table.
Explanation: The upward arrow represents the direction of the force acted by the
table on the book, while the downward arrow represents the direction of the force
acted by the book on the table.

Figure 1a. A book on the table.

https://images.app.goo.gl/KKXKEyE3qpY8ReKS8

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 1. A boy leaning on the wall. 2. A box on the table moving to the right

3. A car at rest on the road

What’s New
Look at the picture below and answer the following questions. Use a separate sheet
of paper for your answers.

Figure 1b: A ball kicked by two feet

https://images.app.goo.gl/dpbZgP351AEdto687

1. Which among them experiences forces? Why?

2. Which among them exerted a force on another? Why?

3. Do you think the ball exerted force on the two feet? Why?

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 What is It

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

Have you tried pushing a wall? What did you notice? Why do you think the
wall did not move? Do you think the wall also applied a force on you? At first
thought, you may say the wall does not exert force on you but actually the wall
pushes you back with equal amount of force you exerted on the wall. This example
explains the Newton’s third law of motion.

Figure 1b: A man pushing the wall

https://images.app.goo.gl/L5cFL8LG24a3Nisz7

Whenever two objects interact with each other, both of them will experience
same amount of force but in an opposite direction. In the given example, when you
push the wall with a force of 5 N, the wall also pushes you back with the same
force of 5 N. With this, Newton realized that the forces occur in pairs, that no force
is isolated. No force will exist without the other force.

The paired forces in this law are referred as the action- reaction pairs,
where in an exerted force is the action and the force in return is the reaction. The
forces do not cancel out each other as the forces act on different objects. This
means, the paired forces have equal magnitude but different directions. The law is
also known as the Law of Interaction. We apply this law in our daily lives like
walking on a rough surface, throwing a ball, riding a horse, hammering the nail
and many more.

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 What’s More
Activity 1.1 Balloon that Reacts!

What you need:

Balloon

Procedure:
1. Inflate the balloon.
2. Using your right hand, hold the lip (bead) of the balloon tightly.
3. Release the air from the balloon by releasing your hand from the lip of
the balloon and observe what happens.

Guide Questions:
Answer the following questions. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What happens when you release the air from the balloon?

2. Compare the direction of the air from the balloon and the direction of the
balloon.

3. Did the air from the balloon hit anything to make the balloon move?

4. How do action- reaction forces act on two different objects to produce

motion?

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 What I Have Learned

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers from the word box. Use a separate sheet
of paper for your answers.

ACTION- REACTION DIFFERENT MAGNITUDE

OPPOSITE PAIRS

1. The forces in the Newton’s third law of motion occur in ____________.

2. The paired forces in this law are referred as the __________________ pairs.

3. Action- reaction forces do not cancel out each other as the forces act on the
________________ bodies.

4. Newton’s third law of motion states that, when an object exerts a force on
another object, the second object exerts also exerts on the first object a force
of the same ____________ but in _____________ direction.

What I Can Do
Answer each question. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.
1. Give examples of situations where Newton’s third law is evident.
a. ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2. How is Newton’s third law of motion applied in a launching rocket?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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 Post Test
Choose only the letter of the correct answer and write it on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. A fast-moving small car collided with a large loaded truck. Which of the
following statements concerning the force experienced by the car and the
truck is correct?
A. The truck experienced the greater force.
B. The small car experienced the greater force.
C. The same force was experienced by the truck and the small car.
D. It’s impossible to tell since the mass and the acceleration were not
given.

2. Which of the following statements about Newton’s third law is false?

A. Action and reaction forces have equal magnitude.
B. This is also called the Law of acceleration.
C. Neither of the force will exist without the other.
D. There are two forces involved, the action and reaction forces.

3. In Newton’s third law of motion, the equal and opposite forces do not cancel
out each other out. What is the reason for this?
A. The forces have equal magnitudes.
B. The forces act on different systems.
C. The two forces act in parallel directions.
D. The two forces are in the same direction.

4. A fast-moving small car collided with a large truck full of loads. Which will
experience the greater acceleration due to the collision?
A. The truck
B. The small car
C. Both will have the same acceleration.
D. It’s impossible to tell since the force and the mass of the two objects
are unknown.

5. A book is placed on a table. If the book exerts a force of 15 N on the table,

how much force does the table exert on the book?
A. 0 N C. 9.8 N
B. 3 N D. 15 N

6. A glass fell on the floor. What is the direction of the force exerted by the floor
on the glass?
A. rightward C. downward
B. leftward D. upward

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7. Which of the following is TRUE about the forces in Newton’s third law of
motion?
A. F12 < F21 C. F12 > F21
B. F12 = F21 D. F12 ≠ F21

8. If a man is pushing the cart to the left, what is the direction of the force
exerted by the cart on the man?
A. downward C. rightward
B. upward D. leftward

9. If the car is moving at 5m/s2. What is the force exerted by the ground on the
car assuming that the car’s mass is 5 kg?
A. 25 N C. 5 N
B. 10 N D. 0 N

10. How does Newton’s second law of motion differ from third law of motion?
A. The net force in second law can be 0 N while for the third law it
cannot.
B. They don’t have a difference at all as they both describe forces.
C. Forces in second law act on two different objects while in third law act
the same object.
D. Forces in the second law act on one object while in third law act on
two objects.

11. Which of the following is the other name for Newton’s third law of motion?
A. Law of Inertia
B. Law of Revolution
C. Law of Interaction
D. Law of Acceleration

12. Which of the following statements is NOT true about action and reaction
forces in Newton’s third law of motion?
A. These forces are equal but in opposite direction.
B. These forces are equal and in the same direction
C. These forces are not equal but in opposite direction.
D. These forces are not equal but in the same direction.

13. Which of the three Newton’s laws of motion best explains why we feel
something if we push or touch something?
A. Newton’s first law of motion
B. Newton’s second law of motion
C. Newton’s third law of motion
D. None of the above.

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14. What does Newton’s third law of motion state?
A. An object at rest will remain at rest or in motion at constant velocity
unless acted by a net force.
B. The force is directly proportional to acceleration but inversely
proportional to mass.
C. In every action, there is always an equal and opposite reaction
D. All of the above.

15. A boy threw the ball towards the wall. When the ball hits the wall, what is
the reaction?
A. The wall exerted a force on the boy.
B. The boy exerted a force on the ball.
C. The ball exerted a force on the wall.
D. The wall exerted a force on the ball.

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 DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
12
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Fcr
Frc
3. A car at rest on the road
Fbt Fmw
Fwm
Ftb
2. A box on the table moving to the right. 1. A boy leaning on the wall.
What’s In
What I Have Learned What can I do
1. Pairs 1. Answers will vary. It depends on the
2. Action – Reaction students.
3. Different 2. In a rocket, burning fuel creates a
4. Magnitude push on the front of
5. Opposite the rocket pushing it forward. This
creates an equal and opposite push
on the exhaust gas backwards.
What’s More from the ball.
1. The balloon moves. 3. Yes. The feet will also feel a force
2. The air from the balloon moved exerted a force.
opposite to the direction of the exerted a force because all of them
balloon. 2. The three objects in the picture
3. No them receive a force.
4. If the magnitude of the force of the experience the force because all of
one object is greater than the other, 1. The three objects in the picture will
then there will be a motion. What’s New
 References

1. Cutnell, J., Johnson, K.,& Fisher, K.(2008). Physics(8th ed).USA

2. Giancoli, D. Physics with principles and Applications (6th ed).Pearson

Education, Inc.

3. Urone, Paul Peter, and Fatih Gozuacik. “Physics High School.” OpenStax, 2020,
openstax.org/details/books/physics

4. Images.app.goo.gl. 2020. Image: Balanced & Unbalanced Forces - Force & Simple
Machines. [online] Available at:
<https://images.app.goo.gl/KKXKEyE3qpY8ReKS8> [Accessed 11 August 2020].

5. Images.app.goo.gl. 2020. [online] Available at:

<https://images.app.goo.gl/dpbZgP351AEdto687> [Accessed 11 August 2020].

6. Images.app.goo.gl. 2020. Image: Young Man Doing Standing Wall Push Up | Free
Photo. [online] Available at: <https://images.app.goo.gl/L5cFL8LG24a3Nisz7>
[Accessed 11 August 2020].

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the circular motion. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
After going through this module, you are expected to relate the laws of motion to
bodies in uniform circular motion, specifically:
 infer that circular motion requires the application of constant force directed
toward the center of the circle, and
 demonstrate and explain the concept of uniform circular motion applying
Newton's Laws of motion.

What I Know
Choose only the letter of the correct answer and write it on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Which of the following is an example of circular motion?

a. A kid jumping with a yoyo.
b. A girl walking on the street.
c. A flashlight travelling in a straight line.
d. A man using screwdriver to tighten a screw.

2. Which of the following is the standard unit of tangential velocity?

a. m b. m/kg c. m/s d. m/s2

3. Earth is also moving in circular motion. How do we call the circular motion
of the earth around the sun?
a. linear b. revolution c. rotation d. rounding

4. Which of the following is NOT an example of uniform circular motion?

a. Ice skater skating in a circle
b. Earth revolving around the sun
c. Satellite moving in a circular orbit
d. Roller coaster moving in a vertical loop

5. Without measuring the path of the loop, what should we know to determine
the complete path taken by an object moving in circular motion?
a. acceleration b. period c. radius d. it is not possible.

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 6. It is the time an object takes to complete one revolution.
a. acceleration b. period c. radius d. time

7. Michael is whirling a tied airplane when it A.

suddenly snaps. Which of the following paths B.
will the toy plane follow? Refer to the image at
the right. C.

8. What law of motion best explains the path of

D.
Michael’s toy airplane after the string snaps?
a. Law of Inertia
b. Law of Interaction
c. Law of Gravitation
d. Law of Acceleration

For items 9 to 11, refer to the situation below.

An athlete whirls a 5-kg hammer tied to the end of a 1.5-meter chain in a
horizontal circle. The hammer makes 1 revolution in 2 seconds.

9. Which of the following data describes the radius of the circular motion of the
hammer?
a. 5-kg hammer c. 1 revolution
b. 1.5-meter chain d. 2 seconds
10. What data best suggests the speed of the hammer?
a. 5-kg hammer c. 1 revolution in 2 seconds
b. 1 second d. 1.5-meter chain in 1 second
11. What is the centripetal acceleration of the hammer?
a. 10 m/s2 b. 15 m/s2 c. 20 m/s2 d. 25 m/s2

12. In uniform circular motion, how does acceleration change when the speed is
increased by a factor of 3 and radius is decreased by a factor of 2?
a. 4.5 times b. 9 times c. 18 times d. 27 times

13. Which best describes a car that has a center-directed acceleration?

a. it is moving in non-uniform motion.
b. it is speeding up along a circular path.
c. it is slowing down along a circular path.
d. it has a constant speed along a circular path.

For items 14 and 15, Passengers on a carnival ride move at constant speed in a
horizontal radius of 5.0 m, making a complete circle in 4.0 s.

14. What is their acceleration?

a. 7.9 m/s b. 7.9 m/s2 c. 12 m/s d. 12 m/s2
15. What is their velocity after 8.0 s?
a. 3.9 m/s b. 7.9 m/s c. 12 m/s d. 15 m/s2

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Lesson
Circular Motion
1
Motion, whether linear or circular must be described from a reference point.
Moving in circle can be rotation or revolution. What is the difference between the
two? When an object turns or moves about an axis that is fixed, the path of motion
of the object becomes circular. When the axis is internal or within (center) the
body, the motion is rotation. If the axis is external or outside the body, the motion
is revolution.

What’s In
Newton’s Laws of motion primarily discussed motion in straight line. How do
these laws apply to circular motion as well? To understand it, let us decode these
terms to help us later in our discussion. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

1.
DOWN 4.
1. Moving towards the center.
4. Change in the velocity per unit time
HORIZONTAL
1. Not changing
2. Quantity of matter it contains 3.

3. Distance travelled over time in each

direction.
5. A straight line from the center to
5.
any point of a circle.
6. Cause of motion calculated by
multiplying mass and acceleration.
2.
6.

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 What’s New
Read the poem below. Then, answer the guide questions that follow. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Circling the Pole

By James Candedeir

I am playing around a big straight pole,

Holding it like it is the main goal
I move and run, round and round.
Marking a circle on the ground
I tightly grasp the pole with my hand,
While hearing the song of a marching band.
Oh! I am like the Earth around the Sun,
Circular motion is kind a fun.

Guide Questions:
1. What part of the passage describes circular motion?
2. In which part of the poem was force experienced?
3. How do you think are force and circular motion related?

What Is It

Centripetal Motion
It is easy to get confused about linear motion with
circular motion. To better illustrate its complexity,
imagine you are riding a merry-go-round. Which moves
faster, the one in the inner rail or the one near the
outside rail? Now, how do consider the type of motion
illustrated? Is it linear motion, circular motion or both?
These questions can be answered by knowing the
dynamics of circular motion. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwik
i%2FFile%3AMerry-go-
round.jpg&psig=AOvVaw0mx8nxBf1yRpyvg7fnOnEh&ust=1594926250548000&so
urce=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCJDZ6q75z-oCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

Now, let us define uniform circular motion. If the motion of a travelling object is
characterized by a circular path and a constant speed, then it is in Uniform
Circular Motion (UCM).

Let us compare linear motion and circular motion. Note that the key to understand
the motions of the two types is by comparing the paths followed by objects under
these two types of motion.

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Let us say, a boy is walking on a straight line, (see image A below) we can get the
total distance by simply measuring the length from initial to end points.

𝑟
𝑑⃗

𝑨 𝑩
If a boy walks in circular path from a fixed axis, (see image B above) we can
calculate the total distance he covered by getting the circumference of the circle.
Hence, the distance traveled around the circle is;

𝑑 = 2𝜋𝑟
Where:
d - is the distance covered
r - radius of the circular path

Having said this, the speed of the boy given the time (𝑇) as the time it takes for the
object to travel once around the circle is:

𝟐𝝅𝒓
𝒗=
𝑻

In uniform circular motion, the speed is constant, but the

direction of the velocity vector is not constant.
Let us say you are playing and whirling a yoyo on top of your
head. What do you do to make sure that it keeps on circling?
You must keep on pulling. This force called centripetal force
keeps the yoyo in circular path.

The direction of the centripetal acceleration is towards the

center of the circle; in the same direction as the change in
velocity, that is:
𝒗𝟐
𝒂=
𝒓

Where, 𝑎 is the centripetal acceleration, 𝑣 is the tangential speed, and 𝑟 is the

radius.

Remember that an object could be said accelerating at

constant speed if it changes direction, just like an object
moving in circular motion. Recalling the lesson about first
law of motion (law of acceleration), if there is an
acceleration, therefore there is a force exerted.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3ACentripetal_
force_diagram.svg&psig=AOvVaw05cExsF2lbK2gLzVzsrGs2&ust=1594925952366000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved
=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCNiJhqH4z-oCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

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If the motion of the object is circular at constant speed, then the acceleration is
towards the center. And we can calculate centripetal force (𝐹𝑐 ) by knowing the
centripetal acceleration (𝑎𝑐 ) tangential velocity (𝑣), radius (𝑟) , and mass (𝑚).

Since:
𝑣2 𝒗𝟐
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎𝑐 = 𝑚 → 𝑭𝒄 = 𝒎
𝑟 𝒓

The centripetal force is the net force required to keep an object moving on a
circular path. In uniform circular motion, the direction of the centripetal force
always points toward the center of the circle and constantly changes direction as
the object moves.
A. B.
Harold is whirling a small stone tied to a string
around in circles when the string suddenly snaps.
What direction does the small stone fly? C.

To answer this, recall the first law of motion, D.

law of inertia. If an object moves and no force
influenced the small stone, it will move at constant
speed on a straight line, tangent to the circle.
Therefore, the answer is B.

Let’s Try This Problem!

A 4500 kg car traveling at a given speed, can just barely make it around a
bend of radius equal to 20 meters without skidding sideways. Under identical
road conditions, if this car travels at 12 m/s, what is the centripetal
acceleration of the car?
Given: 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 12 𝑚/𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 = 4500 𝑘𝑔 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 = 20 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
Find: Centripetal Acceleration (𝑎𝑐 )
𝑣2
Equation: 𝑎=
𝑟
𝑣2 (12𝑚/𝑠)2
Solution: 𝑎= 𝑟
= 20 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 = 7.2 𝑚/𝑠 2
Answer: 𝟕. 𝟐𝒎/𝒔 𝟐
Therefore, car accelerates towards the center
As it bends and makes a curve.

Static friction between tires and road keeps car in circular motion of radius.
What do you think is the value of friction (force) that keeps the car in circular
motion? Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Guide Questions: Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. How would you describe a body in uniform circular motion?

2. How are laws of motion related to circular motion?

3. At what direction the centripetal acceleration pointed in uniform circular

motion?

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 What’s More
Activity 1: Tell whether the given situation indicates a uniform circular motion by
writing UCM if the statement is Uniform Circular or NUCM if it is non - uniform.

1. The wheel of a tire starts slowing down as the car reaches its
destination.

2. A race car makes one lap around a track of radius 50 m at which

acceleration is towards the center.

3. Kyle Jiro swings a rubber ball consistently swings a rubber ball

attached to a string over his head in a horizontal, circular path.

Activity 2: Let’s know the metric units and symbols by completing the table below.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Quantity Symbol Standard Unit

radius r meter
mass 1. 2.
velocity 3. 4.
centripetal acceleration 5. 6.
centripetal force 7. 8.

Activity 3: Answer the following problems. Complete your answers by using

GFESA format. (given, find, equation, solution, and answer). Write your answer on
a separate sheet of paper.
1. A race car makes one lap around a track of radius 50 m in 8.0 s.
a) What is the average velocity of the car?
b) What is the car’s centripetal acceleration?

2. Racing on a flat track, a car going 32 m/s rounds a curve 60 meters in

radius. What is the car’s centripetal acceleration?

3. A model airplane has a mass of 0.70 kg and circles at constant speed that is
parallel to the ground. The path of the airplane and the guideline lie in the
same horizontal plane because the weight of the plane is balanced by the lift
generated by its wings. The guideline is 15 m and the airplane has a speed of
20 m/s
a. What is the plane’s centripetal acceleration?
b. Find the tension (force).

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City of Good Character
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What I Have Learned

 If an object moves in circular motion and released at a certain point, it will

move at constant speed on a straight line, tangent to the circle. This
manifests the law of inertia, that a body in motion will continue moving at
constant speed in a straight line.

 Objects moving in circular motion at constant speed has an acceleration

directed towards the center.

 The direction of this acceleration is towards the center of the circle as it

changes in velocity, hence called centripetal acceleration.

 The centripetal force is the net force required to keep an object moving on a
circular path. By law of acceleration, the direction of force is the same as the
direction of the acceleration.

What I Can Do

Do you really believe that the force and acceleration are directed towards the
center? To satisfy your curiosity, let’s perform the experiment below. Make sure to
answer the guide questions that follows. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

Activity 4: Spinning Cup of Water

Materials: water, plastic cup, string, small cardboard.
Procedure:
1. Tie a small cardboard with the string at both ends of the board. This will
form the platform on which the cup will sit.
2. Place the cup filled with water in the center of the board. Wrap the other end
of the string around your fingers. Check that the board is level.
3. Start by slowly swinging the cup of water back and forth to get a feel for it.
Make sure you have enough space around you so that you will not hit
anyone or anything with the platform or cup of water. Please see the
illustration below.

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City of Good Character
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 4. Swing the cup of water quickly enough to get it going around in circle.
5. Observe if there are drops of water. When you are ready to stop, do so when
the platform is on the bottom of its swing.

Guide Questions: Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. How would you describe the path of the cup as you whirl it around?

2. Did you observe water coming out or spilling while the cup is spinning? Why
do you think so?

3. What kind of force kept the water inside the cup? How would you describe
the direction of the force? Is the direction of acceleration the same as the
force?

4. What laws of motion can you apply in the spinning cup of water?

Post Test
Choose only the letter of the correct answer and write it on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Which of the following is an example of circular motion?

a. A kid jumping with a yoyo.
b. A girl walking on the street.
c. A flashlight travelling in a straight line.
d. A man using screwdriver to tighten a screw.

2. Which of the following is the standard unit of tangential velocity?

a. m b. m/kg c. m/s d. m/s2

3. Earth is also moving in circular motion. How do we call the circular motion
of the earth around the sun?
a. linear b. revolution c. rotation d. rounding

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City of Good Character
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 4. Which of the following is NOT an example of uniform circular motion?
a. Ice skater skating in a circle
b. Earth revolving around the sun
c. Satellite moving in a circular orbit
d. Roller coaster moving in a vertical loop

5. Without measuring the path of the loop, what should we know to determine
the complete path taken by an object moving in circular motion?
a. acceleration b. period c. radius d. it is not possible.

6. It is the time an object takes to complete one revolution.

a. acceleration b. period c. radius d. time

7. Michael is whirling a tied airplane when it A.

suddenly snaps. Which of the following paths B.
will the toy plane follow? Refer to the image at
the right. C.

8. What law of motion best explains the path of

D.
Michael’s toy airplane after the string snaps?
a. Law of Inertia
b. Law of Interaction
c. Law of Gravitation
d. Law of Acceleration

For items 9 to 11, refer to the situation below.

An athlete whirls a 5-kg hammer tied to the end of a 1.5-meter chain in a
horizontal circle. The hammer makes 1 revolution in 2 seconds.

9. Which of the following data describes the radius of the circular motion of the
hammer?
a. 5-kg hammer c. 1 revolution
b. 1.5-meter chain d. 2 seconds
10. What data best suggests the speed of the hammer?
a. 5-kg hammer c. 1 revolution in 2 seconds
b. 1 second d. 1.5-meter chain in 1 second
11. What is the centripetal acceleration of the hammer?
a. 10 m/s2 b. 15 m/s2 c. 20 m/s2 d. 25 m/s2

12. In uniform circular motion, how does acceleration change when the speed is
increased by a factor of 3 and radius is decreased by a factor of 2?
a. 4.5 times b. 9 times c. 18 times d. 27 times

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City of Good Character
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 13. Which best describes a car that has a center-directed acceleration?
a. it is moving in non-uniform motion.
b. it is speeding up along a circular path.
c. it is slowing down along a circular path.
d. it has a constant speed along a circular path.

For items 14 and 15, Passengers on a carnival ride move at constant speed in a
horizontal radius of 5.0 m, making a complete circle in 4.0 s.

14. What is their acceleration?

a. 7.9 m/s b. 7.9 m/s2 c. 12 m/s d. 12 m/s2
15. What is their velocity after 8.0 s?
a. 3.9 m/s b. 7.9 m/s c. 12 m/s d. 15 m/s2

Additional Activities

Let’s test your deeper understanding by answering this problem.

A. A Ferris wheel with radius 10.0 m is turning about a horizontal axis through its
center. The linear speed of a passenger on the rim is constant and equal to 8.00
m/s. What are the magnitude and direction of the passenger’s acceleration as
she passes through;
(a) the lowest point in its circular motion?
(b) The highest point in its circular motion?
(c) How much time does it take the Ferris wheel to make one revolution?
B. Describe the motion of the Hubble Space Telescopes orbiting the Earth with an
altitude of 598 km by drawing and labeling motion of the diagram at the right.
Redraw the image on a separate sheet of paper and describe the direction of its
tangential velocity and its centripetal acceleration by drawing and labeling
arrows properly.

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City of Good Character
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
25
City of Good Character
WHATS NEW WHAT’S IT
Answer Key Guide Questions: Answer Key Guide Questions:
1. Marking a circle on the ground. 1. It is moving circularly by which force
2. I tightly grasp the pole with my is exerted towards the center of the
hand. path.
3. Change in the direction of an object 2. Law of inertia tells us that a change
like circular motion, is caused by an in direction like circular motion is
external force. caused by a force exerted. Law of
acceleration tells that a mass
WHAT I CAN DO accelerating is caused by a force. The
Answer Key Guide Questions: direction of centripetal force is the
1. The path of the cup is circular. same as centripetal force.
2. No, because the bottom of the cup 3. Towards the center
pushes the water as the water
pushes the cup of the same force.
3. Centripetal and centrifugal forces.
The directions of forces are inward
and outward. Yes, the force and
acceleration have the same direction.
4. Law of Inertia, Acceleration, and
Interaction.
WHATS NEW What's In
b) 18.7 N
Answer Key Guide DOWN
3. a) 26.7 m/s2
Questions: 1. Centripetal
2. 17.06 m/s2
1. Marking a circle on 2. acceleration
b) 30.84 m/s2
the ground. HORIZONTAL
1. a) 39.27 m/s
2. I tightly grasp the 4. constant Activity 3
pole with my hand. 5. mass 8. N
3. Change in the
6. velocity 7. F
direction of an object
7. radius 6. m/s2
like circular motion,
is caused by an 8. force 5. ac
4. m/s
external force.
3. v
2. kg
1. m
Activity 2
3. UCM
2. NUCM
1. NUCM
Activity 1
What’s More
Answer Key
 References
Hewitt, Paul G. 2006. Conceptual Physics 10th ed. Pearson Education, Inc.,
publishing as Addison-Wesley.
Hugh D. Young, Roger A. Freedman. 2012. University Physics 13th ed. Pearson
Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley.
Ocampo, Pia, May Chavez, Maria Helen Catalan, and Leticia Catris. 2013. Science
Learner's Module. Pasig City: Department of Education.

https://www.asc.ohio-state.edu/humanic.1/p111_lecture10.pdf
http://www.fmt.if.usp.br/~luisdias/Teaching/chapter5_Phys201_Summer07.pdf

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City of Good Character
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 Development Team of the Module

Writers: Mark Anthony F. Casimiro

James C. Candedeir

Editors:
Content Editors: Mary Ann N. Taway
Imelda N. del Rosario
Jessica S. Mateo

Language Editor: Kristine Joyce G. Montejo

Cover Illustrator: Arriane Joy F. Isorena
Reviewers: PNU External Validators

Management Team:

Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Jessica S. Mateo
Education Program Supervisor – Science

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

Education Program Supervisor - LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 8-682-2472 / 8-682-3989

City of Good Character 27

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE