Key to Test 24 Grade 12

1A

attitude

attitude towards somebody/something These societies have to change their attitudes

towards women.

attitude to somebody/something changes in public attitudes to marriage

attitude about something social attitudes about education

attitude on something changing attitudes on issues such as gay marriage

+ point of view, view, viewpoint, way of thinking, outlook, angle, slant, perspective

2C

mischievous adj. /ˈmɪstʃɪvəs/ enjoying playing tricks and annoying people

SYNONYM naughty, badly behaved, disobedient

a mischievous boy

a  mischievous grin/smile/look

3B

4C

sour adj. having a taste like that of a lemon or of fruit that is not ready to eat

sour apples a sour flavour

Opposite sweet

5B

6B

parcel (North American English usually package) something that is wrapped in paper or put
into a thick envelope so that it can be sent by mail, carried easily or given as a present

There's a parcel and some letters for you.

She was carrying a parcel of books under her arm.

passer-by (plural passers-by) a person who is going past somebody/something by chance,

especially when something unexpected happens

Police asked passers-by if they had seen the accident.

(there is) no way (informal) used to say that there is no possibility that you will do something or
that something will happen

‘Do you want to help?’ ‘No way!’

 No way am I going to drive them there.

There's no way we could afford that sort of money.

7A

mandatory adj./ˈmændətəri/, /mænˈdeɪtəri//ˈmændətɔːri/(formal)required by law

SYNONYM compulsory, obligatory

The offence carries a mandatory life sentence.

mandatory (for somebody) (to do something) It is mandatory for blood banks to test all
donated blood for the virus.

Opposite optional, voluntary, non-compulsory

apply [intransitive, transitive](not used in the progressive tenses)to affect or be relevant to

somebody/something

Special conditions apply if you are under 18.

apply to somebody/something The rules applied to employees and their behaviour at work.

apply something to somebody/something The word ‘unexciting’ could never be applied to

her novels.

beneficial (to something/somebody) (formal) improving a situation; having a helpful or useful

effect

SYNONYM advantageous, favourable

A good diet is beneficial to health.

They finally came to a mutually beneficial agreement.

Opposite detrimental, damaging

constructive adj. having a useful and helpful effect rather than being negative or with no purpose

constructive criticism/suggestions/advice

His work involved helping hyperactive children to use their energy in a constructive way.

8D

punctual adj. happening or doing something at the arranged or correct time; not late

She has been reliable and punctual.

a punctual start at 9 o’clock

+ on time, prompt, in time

 imperative [not usually before noun] (formal) very important and needing immediate
attention or action

SYNONYM vital, crucial, critical, essential, necessary, indispensable

imperative (that…)  It is absolutely imperative that we finish by next week.

imperative (to do something) It is imperative to continue the treatment for at least two
months.

courteous adj. polite, especially in a way that shows respect

a courteous young man

The hotel staff are friendly and courteous.

efficient  adj. doing something in a good, careful and complete way with no waste of time, money
or energy

a  highly efficient worker efficient heating equipment

fuel-efficient cars (= that do not use much fuel)

efficient at something  As we get older, our bodies become less efficient at burning up
calories.

efficient at something  These magnificent animals were remarkably efficient at survival.

efficient in something  Modern water boilers are highly efficient in fuel use.

efficient in doing something He was ruthlessly efficient  in acquiring estates.

Opposite inefficient

9C

mandatory adj./ˈmændətəri/, /mænˈdeɪtəri//ˈmændətɔːri/(formal)required by law

SYNONYM compulsory, obligatory

The offence carries a mandatory life sentence.

mandatory (for somebody) (to do something) It is mandatory for blood banks to test all
donated blood for the virus.

Opposite optional, voluntary, non-compulsory

10 D

obvious adj. easy to see or understand

SYNONYM clear, plain, evident, apparent

I know you don't like her but try not to make it so obvious.

obvious (that…) It soon became obvious that the machine did not work.
 obvious to somebody that… It was obvious to everyone that the child had been badly
treated.

obvious to somebody The lessons seem fairly obvious to anyone who doesn't work in the
Administration.

obvious from something that… It's obvious from what she said that something is wrong.

obvious how, what, etc. It was far from obvious how they were going to get off the
island.

frank adj. (comparative franker, superlative frankest) (more frank is also common)

honest and direct in what you say, sometimes in a way that other people might not like

a full and frank discussion

He was very frank about his relationship with the actress.

To be frank with you, I think your son has little chance of passing the exam.

11 A

endless adj. very large in size or amount and seeming to have no end

SYNONYM limitless

endless patience

endless opportunities for making money

12 A

If , that tree would look more impressive

A. it is done carefully B. being done careful C. it were careful done D. it were done carefully
13 D
impressive magnificent, majestic, imposing, splendid, spectacular, grand, awe- inspiring,
breathtaking

14 A

15 B

16 D

keep pace (with somebody/something) to move, increase, change, etc. at the same speed as
somebody/something

She found it hard to keep pace with him as he strode off.

The younger children struggled to keep pace with the older ones.

17 A

18 B
 independent adj. confident and free to do things without needing help from other people

Going away to college has made me much more independent.

independent of somebody/something Students should aim to become more independent

of their teachers.

Opposite dependent

19 A

20 A

21 C

computer science [uncountable] the study of computers and how they can be used

a degree in computer science

22 A

Cloze test

23 C to

24 B anyone

25 B away

26 D studies

study [countable] a piece of research that examines a subject or question in detail

to conduct/undertake a study

  study on something  He has recently done a study on the effects of traffic and aircraft
noise.

study of something a detailed study of how animals adapt to their environment

in a study the methods used in the present study

  according to a study According to a  recent study published in the Journal of Sleep

Research…

study

carry out, conduct, do, make, undertake, work on He has made a special study of the
way that birds communicate with one another.

intruder a person who is somewhere where they are not wanted

The people in the room seemed to regard her as an unwelcome intruder.

27 C
   barrier something that exists between one thing or person and another and keeps them
separate

The Yangtze River is a natural barrier to the north-east.

barrier between A and B There was no real barrier between reality and fantasy in his mind.

barrier against something The cream acts as a  protective barrier against sun damage.

stare to look at somebody/something for a long time

I screamed and everyone stared.

stare at somebody/something I stared blankly at the paper in front of me.

stare up/down at somebody/something They stared up at the hole in the ceiling.

He sat  staring into space  (= looking at nothing).

Passage 1

etiquette [uncountable] the formal rules of correct or polite behaviour in society, among members of a
particular profession or in a particular area of activity

advice on etiquette

medical/legal/professional etiquette

physical adj. [only before noun] connected with things that actually exist or are present and
can be seen, felt, etc. rather than things that only exist in a person’s mind

the physical world

the quality of the physical environment

the physical properties (= the colour, weight, shape, etc.) of copper

universal adj. true or right at all times and in all places

universal facts about human nature

The rules of etiquette in American restaurants depend upon a number of factors the physical location
of the restaurant, e.g., rural or urban; the type of restaurant, e.g., informal or formal; and certain
standards that are more universal. In other words, some standards of etiquette vary significantly while
other standards apply almost anywhere. Learning the proper etiquette in a particular type of restaurant in
a particular area may sometimes require instruction, but more commonly it simply requires sensitivity
and experience. For example, while it is acceptable to read a magazine in a coffee shop, it is
inappropriate to do the same in a more luxurious setting. And, if you are eating in a very rustic setting, it
may be fine to tuck your napkin into your shirt, but if you are in a sophisticated urban restaurant this
behavior would demonstrate a lack of manners. It is safe to say, however, that in virtually every
restaurant it is unacceptable to indiscriminately throw your food on the floor. The conclusion we can
most likely draw from the above is that while the types and locations of restaurants determine etiquette
appropriate to them, some rules apply to all restaurants
Question 28: What topic is this passage primarily concerned?

A. Instruction in proper etiquette

B. Rules of etiquette
C. Variable and universal standards of etiquette
D. The importance of good manners
Question 29: According to the passage, which of the following is a universal rule of etiquette?

A. reading a magazine at a coffee shop B. not throwing food on the floor

 C. eating in rustic settings D. eating in rustic settings
Question 30: What does the word “it” refer to?

A. learning the proper etiquette B. clear instruction

C. knowing the type of restaurant D. sensitivity
Question 31: Which of the following words is most similar to the meaning of “rustic”?

A. urban B. unsophisticated C. agricultural D. ancient

Question 32: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “tuck”?

A. set B. put C. fold D. hold

Question 33: The word “indiscriminately” could best be replaced by which of the following?

A. random B. angrily C. noisily D. destructively

Question 34: The author uses the word “draw” in line 16 to mean

A. pick out B. drag away C. evoke D. infer

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42
Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than
speech. A little thought, however, will show why speech is primary and writing secondary to language.
Human beings have been writing (as far as we can tell from surviving evidence) for at least 5000 years; but
they have been talking for much longer, doubtless ever since there have been human beings.
When writing did develop, it was derived from and represented speech, although imperfectly. Even today
there are spoken languages that have no written form. Furthermore, we all learn to talk well before we learn
to write; any human child who is not severely handicapped physically or mentally will learn to talk: a normal
human being cannot be prevented from doing so. On the other hand, it takes a special effort to learn to write.
In the past many intelligent and useful members of society did not acquire the skill, and even today many
who speak languages with writing systems never learn to read or write, while some who learn the rudiments
of those skills do so only imperfectly.
To affirm the primacy of speech over writing is not, however, to disparage the latter. One advantage
writing has over speech is that it is more permanent and makes possible the records that any civilization must
have. Thus, if speaking makes us human, writing makes us civilized
Question 35: We sometimes think of writing as more real than speech because .
A. writing is secondary to language
B. human beings have been writing for at least 5000 years
C. it has become very important in our culture
D. people have been writing since there have been human beings
Question 36: The author of the passage argues that .

A. speech is more basic to language than writing

B. writing has become too important in today’s society
 C. everyone who learns to speak must learn to write
D. all languages should have a written form
Question 37: According to the passage, writing _ .

A. is represented perfectly by speech B. represents-speech, but not perfectly

C. developed from imperfect speech D. is imperfect, but less so than speech
Question 38: Normal human beings

A. learn to talk after learning to write B. learn to write before learning to talk
C. learn to write and to talk at the same time D. learn to talk before learning to write
Question 39: Learning to write is .

A. easy B. quick C. not easy D. very easy

Question 40: In order to show that learning to write requires effort, the author gives the
example of
.
A. people who learn the rudiments of speech
B. severely handicapped children
C. intelligent people who couldn’t write
D. people who speak many languages
Question 41: In the author’s judgment .

A. writing has more advantages than speech

B. writing is more real than speech
C. speech conveys ideas less accurately than writing does
D. speech is essential but writing has important benefits
Question 42: The word “advantage” in the last paragraph most closely means

A. “rudiments” B. “skill” C. “domination” D. “benefit”