POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

LOPEZ QUEZON BRANCH

BS Architecture Program

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL for

Architectural Visual Communications GRAPHICS 1
Arch 30013
BS Architecture 1
st
1 Semester 2020-2021

Compiled By:

Arch. RIZA RIZALINA A. QUINCINA, MBA,MSCM

Instructor 1- PUP Lopez Quezon Branch

OVERVIEW
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 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ QUEZON BRANCH
BS Architecture Program

The Study of visual communications, typography, alphabet of lines and their

applications and the use and care of instruments, geometric constructions, use of scale,
mensuration and dimensioning. Emphasis is given to the theory of projection with
analysis of the relationship between points, lines and planes in space. Include exercise
on surface development and graphic presentation.

MODULE OBJECTIVE
At the end of the course, the students should be able to:
✓ Prepare topographic composition using architectural lettering;
✓ Properly utilize drawing instruments and drafting paraphernalia;
✓ Apply alphabet of line and appropriate drafting techniques in producing geometry
drawings;
✓ Prepare orthographic drawings;
✓ Compile and submit portfolio

COURSE/SUBJECT MATERIALS

LESSON 1 - Architectural Lettering

Architectural lettering according to the website and other browser applications
was established ages ago so that writing on blueprints was legible and avoiding costly
mistakes.

Read: Chapter 3-Skectching and Lettering, Fundamentals of Modern Drafting 2 nd

Edition by Paul Ross Wallach.
Practicing lettering is still part of the curriculum for BS Architecture Program
schools like PUP Lopez Quezon branch because it is still a necessary part and really
will help students in searching their job. Bad handwriting tends to make any design look
bare. All handwriting should match the quality of design.
Practice is necessary to develop the skills needed. Each individual has a unique
handwriting as they will also have a unique lettering style. Architectural lettering has an

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LOPEZ QUEZON BRANCH
BS Architecture Program

animated quality while appearing very uniform and neat. As you repeatedly practice
your lettering, you will develop your own skills and personality.

Examples of Architectural Lettering

✓ Guidelines:
Are drawn very light and will not be erased: the text box is part of the beauty of
this hand-drawn lettering style.
- Draw guidelines with a sharp pencil no. H in regular intervals
- Sets of lines should be drawn to the width of your text box or label
✓ Lettering:
Lettering can be written by using sharp No. B pencil or technical pen
- Use light guidelines
- When learning, it is helpful to use a straight edge to draw the vertical lines for
the letters
- Letters are all written in Caps
- Letters should be at the same width
- Skip a space between each line

In this example, all vertical strokes are
perpendicular to the guidelines. Rounded
letters slant forward. The horizontal
strokes are located high and low of
center
This example preserves a hand-drawn
personality by slanting the letters slightly
backward and extending the ascenders
above the guidelines

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 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ QUEZON BRANCH
BS Architecture Program

Watch : Videos on youtube- https://m.youtube.com>

✓ How do you practice Architectural Lettering
✓ Architectural Lettering Techniques
✓ Architecture Daily Sketches
✓ How to do Architectural Lettering

ACTIVITIES/ASSESSMENT

Exercise No. 1. Make your own style of writing. Vertical and Inclined Lettering. Copy the
paragraph below repeatedly in a 3 sheets vellum.
At the end of the paragraph, put your name and section.

Materials and drafting tools to be used:

✓ Vellum long size (11 x 13)
✓ Pencils- H, B, HB,2B
✓ Triangle
✓ T-square
✓ Drafting Table
✓ Pencil Eraser
✓ Erasing Shield
✓ Masking Tape
✓ Tissue Paper
✓ Other drafting Tools needed

Exercise No. 2. Make your own style of writing. Vertical and Inclined Lettering. Copy the
lettering below. Use the techniques you have learned in lesson 1. The size of letter is 4 cell grid
At the end of the sheet, put your name and section.

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 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ QUEZON BRANCH
BS Architecture Program

Materials and drafting tools to be used:

✓ Graphing Paper A4 size
✓ Pencils- H, B, HB,2B
✓ Triangle
✓ T-square
✓ Drafting Table
✓ Pencil Eraser
✓ Erasing Shield
✓ Masking Tape
✓ Tissue Paper
✓ Other drafting Tools needed

4 cell grid

Rubric for Exercise No. 1 and No. 2 :

Accuracy and Quality of 40%

Application
Style and Techniques of 30%
Rendition
Degree to which materials 30%
matched the course
requirement
Total 100%
Remarks/Comments:
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ QUEZON BRANCH
BS Architecture Program

COURSE/SUBJECT MATERIALS

LESSON 2 - Drawing Instruments; proper use and care

Topics Covered:

1.) Instruments Used in Engineering Drawing

The instruments used in engineering drawing are:

a.) Drawing sheet
b.) Drawing board
c.) Mini drafter
d.) T square
e.) Compass
f.) Divider
g.) Set squares
h.) Clinograph
i.) Protractor
j.) French curves
k.) Templates
l.) Pencils
m.) Eraser
n.) Drafting Triangular Scales

Drawing Sheet

Drawing sheet is a white paper on which an object is

drawn which is available in various sizes. The sheet
used for engineering should be of good quality. It
should be white in color with uniform thickness with
must resist the easy torn of paper. The surface of
sheet must be smooth.

Various sizes of drawing sheets recommended standards are listed below.

Drawing Sheet Type Dimensions (Length X Width) (mm)

A0 841 X 1189
A1 594 x 841
A2 420 x 594
A3 297 x 420
A4 210 X 297
A5 148 X 210

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LOPEZ QUEZON BRANCH
BS Architecture Program

Drawing Board

Drawing board is generally made of soft wood and it

is in rectangular shape. It is used to support drawing
sheet, so, the size of board is made according the
size of the drawing sheet.
The wood portions are joined by tongue and grove
type joint to prevent cracks. At the edge of board,
straight ebony edge is provided for the T-square
usage.

Different types of drawing boards and their sizes according to IS classification are listed below.

Type of Drawing Board Length X Width X Thickness (mm)

DO 1500 X 1000 X 25
D1 1000 X 700 X 25
D2 700 X 500 X 15
D3 500 X 350 X 15

Mini Drafter

Mini drafter is an instrument which can be used for

multiple functions in drawing. It contains two arms which
is adjustable to required angle and at the end of the lower
arm a scale set is attached. The scale set contains two
scales connected perpendicular to each which cannot be
separated. This instrument is fixed to the drawing board at
one edge with the help of screw provided for the drafter.
Mini drafter is used for drawing horizontal lines, vertical
lines, inclined lines, angles, parallel lines, perpendicular
lines etc.

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 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ QUEZON BRANCH
BS Architecture Program

T-SQUARE

T square is used to draw horizontal and

vertical lines on drawing sheet. It made of
wood or plastic and in T shape. The
vertical part of T is called as blade and
horizontal part of T is called as head.
The edge of head is uniform level and
attached to the edge of the board. The
working edge is used to draw lines
anywhere on the sheet by moving the
instrument top to bottom.

Divider

The divider looks like a compass, but the difference is

the two legs of divider are provided with needles. This
is used to divide a line or curve into equal parts. It is
also used to check the measurements.

Compass

Compass is used to draw an arc or circle

with known dimensions on engineering
drawing. It is generally made of steel and
consists two legs. One leg contains needle
at the bottom and other leg contains a ring
in which a pencil is placed.
The needle tip is placed at the respected
point and pencil tip is adjusted to the
height at least 1mm just above the tip of
the needle. The gap is nothing but the
paper thickness.

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 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ QUEZON BRANCH
BS Architecture Program

SET SQUARES

Set squares are used to draw lines with an

angle between them. In most of the structures,
30, 45, 60 and 90-degree lines are most
common. So, set squares make the work easier
for this type of drawings.
Generally, set squares are of two types. One is
45 degree set square and another one is called
as 30 – 60 degree set square. Both are
required in the drawing. 45 set square has a
side of 25 cm while 30-60 set square has 25 cm
length on one side.

CLINOGRAPH

Clinograph is an instrument used to draw parallel

lines to the inclined lines. It contains one adjustable
wing or strip which can be adjusted to required angle.
So, it can be termed as adjustable set square.

PROTRACTOR
Protractor is used to draw and measure the angles
of lines in the drawing. It is transparent and made of
plastic. It is in the shape of semi-circle, and the
edge of semi-circle part consists reading with one-
degree accuracy.
The bottom line joins the 0o to the 180o. The center
of this bottom line is marked as “O” or “C” from
which the angles are measured.

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 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ QUEZON BRANCH
BS Architecture Program

French Curves
French curves are made of plastic and they
are in irregular shapes. Sometimes the
drawing requires irregular curves or shapes or
arcs which cannot be drawn using compass.
In that case French curves are suitable.
Generally French curves are more suitable for
small curves and for long curves splines are
used.

Drawing Templates
Templates are nothing but plastic or
wooden boards which contains
spaces of several shapes or letters.
Non-dimensional shapes or variety
font letters are drawn by using
templates which makes drawing
easier and perfect.

Pencils
Pencil is used to draw on the paper. Any type of pencil
is not suitable for drawing. There are some limitations,
the drawing appearance should be very neat and
understandable.
Every line of the drawing should indicate its
importance. It depends upon the hardness of pencil.
Based on the hardness quality pencils are classified
into 18 grades and they are:

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LOPEZ QUEZON BRANCH
BS Architecture Program

Grade of Pencil Hardness of Pencil

9H Hardest
6H, 5H, 4H Extremely Hard
3H Very hard
2H Hard
H Moderately hard
F Firm
HB Medium hard
B Moderately soft and black
2B Soft and black
3B Very soft and black
4B, 5B, 6B Very soft and very black
7B Softest

Out of the above 18 grades of pencils, following grades are used in engineering drawings.

Grade of Pencil Used to Draw

3H Construction lines
2H Dimension lines, center lines,
sectional lines, hidden lines
H Object lines, lettering
HB Dimensioning, boundary lines

Eraser
Eraser is used to remove the lines or spots
which drawn by mistake or with wrong
measurements. The eraser used should be
of good quality and soft. It should not
damage the paper while erasing.

Paper Holders
When the drawing sheet is placed on the
board it may not be in fixed position. To fix
the drawing sheet to the board paper holders
are used.
Generally used paper holders are thumb
pins, spring clips, stick tapes etc. Care
should be taken while removing the clips or
tapes otherwise the sheet may be torn
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LOPEZ QUEZON BRANCH
BS Architecture Program

Triangular Scale

Scale - In drafting, architecture and engineering

the term scale has two meanings. A scale is a
dimension that represents the structure shown in a
plan. A scale is also a ruler used in drawing and
measuring architectural and engineering plans.
Architectural scales units are based on foot/inch
dimensions.

Read: How to Take Care of Drafting Tools By Sarah Haynes- Home Steady,Home Exterior,
www.homesteady.com
Read: Chapter 1-Drawing Tools and Materials, Architectural Graphics 6 th Edition by Francis DK
Ching
Watch : Videos on youtube- https://m.youtube.com>
✓ What every Arki Freshie Needs to Know (Tools,Tips,Techniques)
✓ The Tools of An Architect

ACTIVITIES/ASSESSMENT

Research No. 2. Written Research about the proper use and care of drawing instruments.
Instruction: Written research in a long bond paper It should contains the following:
- Your Signature on every page place at the bottom
- References on the last page at least 5 or more
- The first page should contain the PUP logo, your subject description and
code, your name, professor name and the date submitted
- The written research should be all caps

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 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ QUEZON BRANCH
BS Architecture Program

Rubric for Research No. 2:

Style and Readability 20%

Organization and flow of 30%
Ideas
Degree to which materials 20%
matched the course
requirement
Depth of Coverage 20%
Number of Bibliographies 10%
Total 100%
Remarks/Comments:
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_____.

Please Submit your research on the specified due date.

Quiz No. 1 For Lesson No. 2

True or False. Write T if it is true or F if it is F at the space provided

1.) There are wooden rulers________

2.) You use protractor to measure angles __________
3.) You can use protractor in Mathematics _________
4.) We use the rubber erasure to correct wrong drawings __________
5.) The classification of pencils depends on how fine they are ________
6.) You use the ruler to draw circles ________
7.) French curves have circles and ellipse __________
8.) Circle templates are made of steel _______
9.) Erasing shield is made of plastic ________
10.) Set squares are two triangular templates made of transparent plastic________

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 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ QUEZON BRANCH
BS Architecture Program

Quiz No. 2 For Lesson No. 2

Measure each line with the following various scale:

No. 1 to No.3 Scale 1:100mts

1.) ______________________________________________________________________
____________________________.
2.) ________________________________________
3.) __________________________________________________
No. 4 to No.6 Scale 1:75mts
4.) ____________________________________________
5.) _________________________________________________________
6.) ______________________________________________________________
No. 7 to No.10 Scale 1:200mts
7.) ______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
________________________________
8.) ______________________________________________________________________
________________________
9.) _________________________________________________________
10.) ________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________

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 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ QUEZON BRANCH
BS Architecture Program

Prepared by:

Arch. RIZA RIZALINA A. QUINCINA, MBA,MSCM

Instructor 1- PUP Lopez Quezon Branch

Reviewed by:

Assoc. Prof. RUFO N. BUEZA,DPA

Department/Academic Program Head

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