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INDICE

INDICE n. 63 - 2017

INTERVENTI
Emmanuele F. M. Emanuele Il futuro dell’euro? La doppia
circolazione p. 5

Domenico Fisichella Caporetto. Relazione al Convegno


di AssoArma p. 15
ARTICOLI
Marco Cimmino La mezza vittoria di Gorizia p. 31

Pierluigi Romeo
Di Colloredo Mels “Il feroce monarchico Bava”. La repressione
di Milano nella relazione ufficiale del 1898 p. 45

Emanuele Mastrangelo La fine dell’Esercito della RSI – aprile-maggio 1945 p. 53

Federico Sesia Tra tecnocrati e soldati. L’economia cilena negli


anni di Pinochet p. 73

SAGGI

Matteo Lamacchia Cesare contro Dio: la separazione tra Stato e


Chiesa in Francia all'epoca dei ministeri radicali
della Terza Repubblica. Contributo per un consa-
pevole revisionismo critico p. 85

Enrico Petrucci La guerra nell’aria. La minaccia degli Zeppelin e i


tentativi britannici di creare dei caccia anti-aero-
navi durante la Grande Guerra p. 135
ESTRATTI

Roberto Gremmo Eugenio Curiel. Uno steineriano


ermetico e misterioso p. 161

DOCUMENTI FOTOGRAFICI p. 167

RECENSIONI

Morte di Mussolini fine di una vulgata (Pagine) p. 189

Mosca terza Roma: da Giulio Cesare a Putin (Pagine) p. 191

BIOGRAFIE DEGLI AUTORI p. 193







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