ChE 411A: FLUID MECHANICS

SOURC QUESTION
E
UP Archimedes A piece of glass weighs 258.6 g in air, 152.6 g in water at 4 0C and 92 g in sulphuric acid. Calculate the specific gravity
Diliman Principle of the sulphuric acid.
a) 0.85 b) 1.57 c) 2.44 d) 3.12
UP Archimedes One of King Hero’s crowns was found to have weight 13N in air. What is its specific gravity if Archimedes found it
Diliman Principle weighing 11.5N in water?
a) 10.83 b) 11.23 c) 12.43 d) 14.72
UP Archimedes An ore sample weighs 15N in air. When the sample is suspended by light chord and totally immersed in water, the
Diliman Principle tension in the cord is 10.80N. Find the total volume of the sample.
a) 4E-4 m3 b) 5.67E-4 m3 c) 3.45E-4 m3 d) 4.28E-4 m3
UP Archimedes
Diliman Principle
UP Archimedes A cube is 1.25 ft on each side floats in water. If the specific gravity of the cube is 0.60, what is the submerged
Diliman Principle depth of the cube?
a) 0.25 ft b) 0.45 ft c) 0.55 ft d) 0.75 ft
UP Archimedes A cylindrical wooden block of height 3 m and mass 80 kg floats vertically in water. If the specific gravity is 0.80,
Diliman Principle how much will it be depressed when a body of mass 10 kg is placed on its upper surface?
a) 0.45 m b) 0.40m c) 0.35 m d) 0.30 m
UP Archimedes A hollow plastic sphere is held below the surface of a freash water lake by a cable anchored to the bottom of the
Diliman Principle lake. The sphere has a volume of 0.300 m3, and the tension on th cable is 900N. Calculate the mass of the sphere.
a) 302.45 kg b) 435.25 kg c) 208.25 kg d) 307.35 kg
UP Archimedes The weight of the balloon and the gas it contains is 11.12 kN. If the balloon displaced 1132 m 3 of air and weight of 1
Diliman Principle m3 of air is 12.3N, what is the acceleration with which the balloon begins to rise?
a) 2.47 m/s b) 2.0 m/s c) 3.24 m/s d) 3.76 m/s
UP Archimedes A helium balloon is at the same pressure and temperature as the surrounding air (1 atm, 20 0C) and has a diameter of 3
Diliman Principle m. The weight of the plastic skin of the balloon is negligible. How much payload can the balloon lift?
a) 122.9 N b) 132.1 N c) 144.2 N d) 150.1 N
UP Archimedes It is planned to lift and move logs from almost inaccessible forest areas by means of balloons. Helium at atmospheric
Diliman Principle (101.325 KPa) and temperature 21.1 0C is to be used in balloons. What minimum balloon diameter (assume spherical
shape) will be required for gross lifting force of 20,000 kg? Gas constant for air and helium are 287.08 and 2077.67
J/kg-K, respectively
a) 16.65 m b) 33.3 m c) 44.4 m d) 48.4 m
UP Archimedes A block of wood floats in water with 15 cm projecting above the water surface. If the same block were placed in
Diliman Principle alcohol of specific gravity 0.82, the block would project 10 cm above the surface of the alcohol. The specific gravity
of the wood block is
a) 0.5 b) 0.6 c) 0.67 d) 3.0
Archimedes A block of wood floats in water with 6 inches projecting above the water surface. If the same block were placed in
Principle alcohol of specific gravity 0.82, the block would project 4 inches above the surface of the alcohol. The specific
gravity of the wood block is
a) 0.9 b) 0.8 c) 0.7 d) 0.6
Archimedes A block of wood floats in water with 7 inches projecting above the water surface. It is then placed in alcohol of
Principle specific gravity 0.82, the block would project 4 inches above the surface of the alcohol. What is the specific gravity
of the block?
a) 0.98 b) 0.73 c) 0.68 d) 0.66
Archimedes An ice berg has a density of 57.1 lb/ft 3. If it floats in fresh water, what percent of the iceberg’s volume will be
Principle visible?
a) 10.5% b) 7.5% c) 8.5% d) 5.5%
Archimedes The ice in an iceberg has a specific gravity of 0.922. When floating in seawater (SG=1.03), the percentage of its
Principle exposed volume is nearest to
a) 5.6 b) 7.4 c) 8.9 d) 10.5
Archimedes An iceberg has a specific weight of 9000 N/m 3 in ocean water, which has a specific weight of 10,000 N/m 3. Above
Principle water surface, it was observed that a volume of 2800 m 3 of the iceberg protruded. Determine the volume of the
iceberg below the free surface of the ocean.
a) 23000 m3 b) 25000 m3 c) 35000 m3 d) 38000 m3
Capillary Estimate the height to which water at 21 C will rise in a capillary tube of diameter 3.05 cm. Assume it is clean glass
0

of contact angle 00 and surface tension of 0.0729.

a) 9.75 mm b) 5.56 mm c) 7.35 mm d) 8.67 mm
Continuity Water is flowing in a 5 cm diameter pipe at a velocity of 5 m/s. The pipe expands to a 10 cm diameter pipe. Find the
equation volumetric flow rate in the 10 cm diameter pipe.
a) 589 L/min b) 610 L/min c) 615 L/min d) 621 L/min
Continuity A fluid moves in a steady flow manner between two sections in a flow line. At section 1: A1=1 ft 2, v1=100 fpm, specific
 ChE 411A: FLUID MECHANICS
equation volume=4 ft3/lb. At section 2: A2=2 ft2, density=0.20 lb/ft3. Calculate the velocity at section 2.
a) 10.42 fps b) 12.80 fps c) 13.21 fps d) 14.20 fps
Continuity Water flows through an 8 inch sched 40 steel pipe at an average velocity of 6 ft/s. Downstream the pipe splits into
equation an 8-inch main and a 2 inch sched 40 bypass pipe. If the velocity in the bypass is twice the velocity of the main pipe,
the volumetric flowrate (ft3/s) in the main pipe is
a) 10.58 b) 5.29 c) 1.84 d) 0.25
Continuity In a natural gas pipeline at station 1 the pipe diameter is 2 ft and the flow conditions are 800 psia, 60 0F and 50 ft/s
equation velocity. At station 2, the pipe diameter is 3 ft and the flow conditions are 500 psia, 60 0F. What is the velocity at
station 2?
a) 10.1 m/s b) 11.3 m/s c) 11.9 m/s d) 12.7 m/s
Continuity In a natural gas pipeline at station 1 the pipe diameter is 2 ft and the flow conditions are 800 psia, 60 0F and 50 ft/s
equation velocity. At station 2, the pipe diameter is 3 ft and the flow conditions are 500 psia, 60 0F. What is the mass flow
rate in kg/s?
a) 170 b) 176 c) 184 d) 198

Continuity A 150 mm diameter pipe carries 81.3 L/s of water. The pipe branches into two pies one 50 mm in diameter and the
equation other is 75 mm. What is the velocity in the 75 mm pipe if the velocity of the flow in the 50 mm pipe is 10 m/s?
a) 13.96 m/s b) 15.67 m/s c) 17.25 m/s d) 19.43 m/s
Continuity Water at a temperature of 80 0F flows through two separate pipes 10 and 12 inches in diameter. If the mean velocity
equation of flow in the 12 inch pipe is 6 fps, the velocity of flow in the 10 inch pipe will be:
a) 6.6 fps b) 6.8 fps c) 7 fps d) 7.2 fps
Continuity Oil (specific gravity of 0.80 and a viscosity of 0.000042 lbf-s/ft 2) at a temperature of 80 0F flows through two
equation separate pipes 10 and 12 inches in diameter. If the mean velocity of flow in the 120inch pipe is 6 fps, the velocity of
flow in the 10 inch pipe will be
a) 21.0 fps b) 21.5 fps c) 22.0 fps d) 22.5 fps
Air flows steadily and adiabatically through a horizontal straight pipe. The air enters at 100 psia, 100 0F and at a
linear velocity of 10 fps. The air leaves at 2 psia. What is the outlet temperature of the air?
a) 1200F b) 800F c) 650F d) 580F
Torreceilli’s A cylindrical bucket, open at the top, 0.200 m high and 0.100 m in diameter. A circular hole with cross-sectional area
Theorem 1 cm2 is cut in the center of the bottom of the bucket. Water flows into the bucket from a tube above it at the rate
of 1.30 x 10-4 m3/s. How high will the water in the bucket rise?
a) 1.25 m b) 2.52 m c) 4.67 m d) 8.62 m
Bernoulli
 ChE 411A: FLUID MECHANICS
Eq’n
Bernoulli Water is flowing in an open channel at a depth of 2 m and a velocity of 3 m/s. It flows down a chute into another
Eq’n channel where the depth is 1 m and the velocity is 10 m/s. Neglecting friction, determine the difference in elevation
of the channel floors.
a) 3.64 m b) 3.90 m c) 4.15 m d) 4.28 m
Bernoulli Water is flowing in a 5 centimeter diameter pipe at a velocity of 5 m/s. The pipe expands to a 10 cm diameter pipe.
Eq’n Calculate the pressure just after the expansion to the 10 cm diameter pipe if the pressure in the 5 cm pipe is 300
kPa. Friction is negligible.
a) 301.5 kPa b) 314.9 kPa c) 311.7 kPa d) 317.4 kPa
Bernoulli A sealed tank containing seawater to a height of 12 m also contains air above the water at gage pressure 5 atm.
Eq’n Water flows out from the bottom through a small hole. Calculate the efflux speed of the water.
a) 35.45 m/s b) 34.92 m/s c) 45.24 m/s d) 20.45 m/s
Bernoulli A 6 inch sch40 pipe is 3000 ft long. The outlet is 100 ft above the inlet. If oil (SG=0.9 and =2.2 cp) is pumped
Eq’n through the pipe at 750 gpm, what pressure must the pump develop at the inlet of the pipe if the outlet pressure is
maintained at 50 psig?
a) 85 psia b) 110 psia c) 140 psia d) 150 psia
Bernoulli A town derives its water supply from a lake nearby, pumping it up to a standpipe on the highest hill. The intake to the
Eq’n system is 10 ft below the lake surface, the inlet to the pump is 15 ft above the lake surface and the water level in the
tower is kept constant at 310 ft above the pump discharge. The friction loss is 140 ftof water through the 6000 ft
of 4 inch pipeline which includes the total equivalent length of all piping from the lake to the water tower. If the
pump capacity is 6000 gph and the water pump set is 85% efficient, what would be the hourly pumping cost if the
electric power is P7.50 per hour?
a) Php 77.40 b) Php 139.30 c) Php 189.50 d) Php 203.60
Reynold’s A 70.874 L/s of water flowing in a round pipe such that the flow remains laminar. Considering that the critical
Number Reynold’s number to be 2000, what is the diameter of the pipe necessary to ensure laminar flow? Kinematic viscosity
of water is 4.75 x 10-5 ft/s
a) 33.50 ft b) 41.70 ft c) 12.50 ft d) 37.50 ft
Reynold’s If 98% sulphuric acid of viscosity 0.025 N-s/m 2 and density of 1840 kg/m 3 is pumped at 685 cm3/s through a 25 mm
Number line, what is the value of the Reynold’s number?
a) 2572 b) 1.26E9 c) 1.3E6 d) 1384
Reynold’s At what critical speed which the flow of water in a long cylindrical pipe of diameter 2 cm becomes turbulent
Number considering that the temperature is 200C, viscosity is 1E-3 Pa-s and the critical Reynolds number is 3000
a) 0.35 m/s b) 0.25 m/s c) 0.234 m/s d) 0.15 m/s
Reynold’s Gasoline at 200C ( SG=0.719, viscosity of 0.000292 Pa-s) flows at the rate of 2 L/s through a pipe having an inside
Number diameter of 60 mm. Determine the Reynolds number.
a) 104,400 b) 98,100 c) 82,090 d) 72,100
Reynolds Air at 300C and 5 bars is flowing inside a ½ inch sch40 steel pipe. If the flow is 4 ft 3/min at STP, what will be the
Number Reynolds number?
a) 3.91 x 105 b) 5.31 x 105 c) 6.53 x 104 d) 3.91 x 104
Velocity An oil flowing at a rate of 0.001 m 3/s through an 8 cm diameter pipe has a kinematic viscosity of 2E-5 m 2/s and the
distribution specific gravity of 0.85. What is the centreline velocity?
a) 0.235 m/s b) 0.398 m/s c) 0.547 m/s d) 0.678 m/s
Velocity A liquid is pumped in streamline flow through a pipe of diameter D. At what distance from the center of the pipe will
distribution the fluid be flowing at the average velocity?
a) 0.15D b) 0.22D c) 0.35D d) 0.41D
Velocity Water at 1000F is flowing through a long straight 4-inch schedule 40 steel pipe at a rate of 6.2 gpm. What is the
distribution velocity at the center of the pipe?
a) 0.156 ft/s b) 0.20 ft/s c) 0.40 ft/s d) 0.56 ft/s
Velocity Water at 1000F is flowing through a long straight 4-inch schedule 40 steel pipe at a rate of 1 gpm. The length of the
distribution pipe is 10 feet, find the velocity at the center of the pipe in feet per second?
a) 0.0252 b) 0.0378 c) 0.0454 d) 0.0504
UP Continuity Water is flowing in a pipe of varying cross-sectional area and at all points the water completely fills the pipe. The
Diliman equation cross-sectional area at point 1 is 0.80 m 2, and the velocity is 3.5 m/s. Compute the fluid’s velocity at point 2 where
the cross-sectional area is 0.60 m2.
a) 5.22 m/s b) 4.67 m/s c) 3.25 m/s d) 2.57 m/s

SOL’N: Density of water is essentially constant, thus continuity equation:

1v1A1 = 2v2A2
 ChE 411A: FLUID MECHANICS

m
v=
v A
=
( 3.5 ) (0.80 m )
1 s 1
=4.67
m
2

2
A2 (0.60 m 2) s
UP Bernoulli
Diliman Eq’n
Bernoulli
Eq’n
Bernoulli
Eq’n
SOL’N:

1. A rectangular duct 4m x 1.5 m in cross section carries conditioned air, its equivalent diameter is
a) 1.5 m b) 2.18 m c) 2.18 ft d) 2.75 m

2. Oil with a viscosity of 30 cP and a density of 60 lb/ft 3 flows through a ½ inch inside diameter pipe. Determine
the velocity in ft/s below which flow will be laminar.
a) 87.20 b) 0.63 c) 13.10 d) 16.90
 ChE 411A: FLUID MECHANICS

UP Continuity A pipe has a diameter of 4 inch at section AA and a diameter of 2 inch at section BB. For an ideal fluid flow, the
Diliman Equation velocity is given as 1 ft/s at section AA. What is the flow velocity at section BB?
a) 0.25 ft/s b) 0.50 ft/s c) 2 ft/s d) 4 ft/s

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:

MEDINA Intro to In an incompressible fluid, density

Fluid a) is greatly affected by moderate changes in pressure
Mechanics b) is greatly affected only by moderate changes in temperature
c) remains unaffected with moderate change in temperature and pressure
d) is sensitive to changes in both temperature and pressure
MEDINA Newton’s Law of Viscosity relates
a) shear stress and velocity
b) velocity gradient and pressure intensity
c) shear stress and rate of angular deformation in the fluid
d) pressure gradient and rate of angular deformation
MEDINA Choose the set of pressure intensities that are equivalent
a) 4.33 psi, 10 ft of water, 8.83 in Hg
b) 4.33 psi, 10 ft of water, 38.7 in Hg
c) 10 psi, 19.7 ft of water, 23.3 in Hg
d) 10 psi, 19.7 ft water, 12.1 in Hg
MEDINA In turbulent flow
a) the fluid particles move in an orderly manner
b) momentum transfer is on molecular scale only
c) shear stress is caused more effectively by cohesion than momentum transfer
d) shear stresses are generally larger than in a similar laminar flow
MEDINA Bernoulli’s equation describes
a) mechanical energy balance in potential flow
b) kinetic energy balance in laminar flow
 ChE 411A: FLUID MECHANICS
c) mechanical energy balance in turbulent flow
d) mechanical energy balance in boundary layer
MEDINA The loss due to sudden expansion is
3
v 21−v 22 ( v 1−v 2 ) v 1−v 2
a) b) c) d) no answer
2 gC 2 gC 2 gC
MEDINA The velocity profile for turbulent flow through a closed conduit is
a) logarithmic b) parabolic c) hyperbolic d) linear
MEDINA Isotropic turbulence occurs
a) where there is no velocity gradient
b) at higher temperatures
c) only in Newtonian fluid
d) no answer
MEDINA At low Reynolds number
a) Viscous forces control and inertial forces are unimportant.
b) Inertial forces control and viscous forces are unimportant.
c) Gravity controls and viscous forces are unimportant.
d) Viscous forces predominate.
MEDINA Pressure drop in a packed bed for laminar flow is given by
a) Kozeny-Carman equation
b) Blake-Plummer equation
c) Leva’s equation
d) no answer
MEDINA Pressure drop in a packed bed for turbulent flow is given by
a) Kozeny-Carman equation
b) Blake-Plummer equation
c) Leva’s equation
d) no answer
MEDINA In continuous fluidization
a) solids are completely entrained
b) the pressure drop less than that for batch fluidization
c) there is no entrainment of solids
d) velocity of the fluid is very small
MEDINA Minimum porosity for fluidization is
(a) that corresponding to static bed
(b) that corresponding to completely fluidized bed
(c) the porosity of the bed when true fluidization begins
less than that of the static bed
MEDINA Cavitation occurs in a centrifugal pump when
(a) the suction pressure < vapour pressure of the liquid at that temperature
(b) the suction pressure > vapour pressure of the liquid at that temperature
(c) the suction pressure = vapour pressure
the suction pressure = developed head
Bernoulli When the of a fluid in a horizontal pipe is laminar, the pressure drop is
Equation a) proportional to the first power of the velocity
b) proportional to the square of velocity
c) independent of the velocity
d) inversely proportional to the first power of the velocity
The power required by an ideal centrifugal pump is directly proportional to the
a) square of the impeller speed
b) cube of the impeller speed
c) volumetric flowrate
d) square root of the impeller speed
MEDINA

3. An unknown gas flows through a 2.5 m diameter capillary tube with an unknown length. The pressure head under which the gas flows is 0.85
atm. Estimate the length of the tube whose viscosity is 325 μP, flows at a rate of 4500 cm 3 per second.
a) 56.46 m b) 46.65 m c) 66.65 m d) 76.66 m

1. The absolute pressure exerted by water 2m below the surface of a swimming pool is
 ChE 411A: FLUID MECHANICS
a) 20 kPa b) 200 kPa c) 120 kPa d) 400 kPa

2. What does a U-tube manometer measure?

a) gage pressure c) absolute pressure
b) hydraulic pressure d) vapor pressure
3. Shear stress acting on a fluid causes it to
a) stop flowing c) change its state
b) deform continuously d) conserve its momentum
4. When the effect of pressure to fluid is significant, the fluid is
a) compressible c) viscous
b) non-Newtonian d) a gas
5. Which of the following is most likely an indication of laminar fluid flow?
a) Eddies c) lateral mixing
b) Swirls d) low velocity
6. Shear-thinning, time-independent fluid such as starch suspensions or catsup are classified as
a) Bingham plastic c) Pseudoplastic
b) Dilatant d) Rheopectic
7. Consider a laminar flow of fluid through a straight horizontal pipe. What will be the effect on pressure drop of doubling both the pipe
diameter and volumetric flow rate, assuming other quantities constant?
a) It will not change
b) It will decrease by a factor of 8
c) It will increase by a factor of 4
d) It will increase by a factor of 16
8. is the relative viscosity of the fluid to that of water at 20 0C.
a) absolute viscosity c) relative viscosity
b) kinematic viscosity d) Newtonian viscosity
9. Newton’s law of viscosity relates
a) shear stress and velocity
b) shear stress and rate of angular deformation in a fluid
c) pressure gradient and rate of angular deformation
d) velocity gradient and pressure intensity
10. An ideal fluid is
a) frictionless and incompressible
b) one which obeys Newton’s law of viscosity
c) highly viscous
d) none of these
11. The region from the tube inlet to the point at which the boundary layer merges at the centerline.
a) Thermal boundary layer
b) Hydrodynamic Layer
c) Thermally developed region
d) Fully developed region
12. A head of 3 feet of water is equivalent to feet of brine with a specific gravity of 1.5.
a) 0.5 b) 2 c) 4.5 d) 1.5

I. PROBLEM SOLVING:
13. The fluid in a manometer tube is 60% water and 40% alcohol (SG = 0.8). What is the manometer fluid height difference if a 6.2 psi
pressure is applied across the two ends of a manometer?
a) 15.5 in b) 186 in c) 36 in d) 215 in
14. A vacuum of 25 kPa is measured at a location where the elevation is 3000 m. What is the absolute pressure in millimeters of mercury?
a) 840 mm b) 230 mm c) 343 mm d) 870 mm
15. Oil with a viscosity of 300 cp and density of 60 lb/ft 3 flow through a ½” inside diameter. Determine the velocity, in ft/s below which flow
will be laminar.
a) 87.2 b) 0.63 c) 13.1 d) 16.9
16. An open test tube is filled at the bottom with 12.1 cm of Hg and 5.6 cm of water is placed above the Hg. Calculate the pressure at the
bottom of the test tube if the atmospheric pressure is 750 torr.
a) 16.7 kPa c) 116.7 kPa
b) 8.0 kPa d) 108.0 kPa
1. If a centrifuge is 3 ft diameter and rotates at 1000 rpm, the speed of a laboratory centrifuge of 6 inch diameter be run if it is to duplicate the
plant conditions is
 ChE 411A: FLUID MECHANICS
a) 2500 rpm c) 2469 rpm
b) 2449 rpm d) 2000 rpm
2. A centrifuge with a radius of 76.2 mm rotates at a peripheral velocity of 53.34 m/s. The centrifugal force developed compared to
gravitational force in the bowl centrifuge is
a) 2800 g b) 3100 g c) 3800 g d) 4250 g
3. A centrifuge bowl is spinning at a constant speed of 2000 rpm. The radius of the bowl in cm needed to create a force of 455 g is
a) 10.2 b) 12.0 c) 5.8 d) 8.5

17. A fluid is one which

a) cannot remain at rest under the action of shear force
b) continuously expands till it fills any container
c) is incompressible
d) permanently resists distortion
18. Pressure relative to absolute vacuum
a) Gage pressure c) Atmospheric pressure
b) Vacuum pressure d) Absolute pressure
19. A family of streamlines forming a cylindrical passage of infinitesimal cross-section
a) stream filament c) streak line
b) stream tube d) pathline
20. The discipline of fluid mechanics which studies the relationship between fluid deformation and stress
a) Hydrostatics c) Hydrodynamics
b) Aerodynamics d) Rheology
21. A glycerine filled pressure gauge will dampen the effect of
a) Overpressure c) Steam applications
b) Pulsation d) Corrosive materials
22. Blood is an example of a fluid
a) Newtonian c) Bingham plastic
b) Dilatant d) Pseudoplastic
23. Used for the continuous separation of two immiscible liquids of differing densities
a) gravity decanter c) centrifugal decanter
b) centrifuge d) clarifying centrifuge
24. What does a U-tube manometer measure?
a) gage pressure c) absolute pressure
b) hydraulic pressure d) vapor pressure
25. Shear stress in a fluid flowing in a round pipe
a) varies parabolically across the cross-section.
b) remains constant over the cross-section.
c) is zero at the center and varies linearly with the radius.
d) is zero at the wall and increases linearly to the center.
26. Shear stress acting on a fluid causes it to
a) stop flowing c) change its state
b) deform continuously d) conserve its momentum
27. It offers physical explanations why atmospheric pressure changes with altitude, why wood and oil float on water and why the surface of
water is always flat and horizontal whatever the shape of its container.
a) Newton’s Law c) Fluid Mechanics
b) Torricelli’s Principle d) Hydrostatic Principle
28. When the effect of pressure to fluid is significant, the fluid is
a) compressible c) viscous
b) non-Newtonian d) a gas
29. Flow through a long pipe at a decreasing rate
a) steady uniform c) steady non-uniform
b) unsteady uniform d) unsteady non-uniform
30. The driving force of fluid flow
a) Pressure gradient c) Velocity gradient
b) Concentration gradient d) Temperature gradient
31. System of measurement that uses the biological standards
a) FPS b) CGS c) MKS d) ASTM
32. If the pressure of a gas increases, the viscosity
a) increases c) decreases
 ChE 411A: FLUID MECHANICS
b) remains the same d) insufficient data
33. The region from the tube inlet to the point at which the boundary layer merges at the centerline.
a) Thermal boundary layer c) Hydrodynamic Layer
b) Thermally developed region d) Fully developed region
34. The pressure of air with the increase of height from the surface of the earth.
a) decreases c) increases
b) is constant d) remains unaffected
35. Which of the following is most likely an indication of laminar fluid flow?
a) Eddies c) lateral mixing
b) Swirls d) low velocity
36. A fluid that has a viscosity that decreases with an increasing velocity gradient
a) Newtonian c) Bingham plastic
b) Dilatant d) Pseudoplastic
37. Consider a laminar flow of fluid through a straight horizontal pipe. What will be the effect on pressure drop of doubling both the pipe
diameter and volumetric flow rate, assuming other quantities constant?
a) It will not change
b) It will decrease by a factor of 8
c) It will increase by a factor of 4
d) It will increase by a factor of 16
38. A unit equivalent to 1 kg-m2/s2
a) Newton b) Pascal c) Joule d) Watt
39. Newton’s law of viscosity relates
e) shear stress and velocity
f) shear stress and rate of angular deformation in a fluid
g) pressure gradient and rate of angular deformation
h) velocity gradient and pressure intensity
40. Reynolds number is the ratio of
a) viscous forces to gravity forces
b) inertial forces to viscous forces
c) viscous forces to inertial forces
d) inertial forces to gravity forces
41. An ideal fluid is
e) frictionless and incompressible
f) one which obeys Newton’s law of viscosity
g) highly viscous
h) none of these
42. Standard pressure gauges are manufactured so that they can withstand a percent overpressure
a) 15 b) 25 c) 35 d) 45
43. A fluid that are said to be shear rate thickening
a) Newtonian fluids c) Bingham fluid
b) Dilatant fluids d) Pseudoplastic fluids
44. If a pressure gauge will be used in the food and beverage industry it is recommended that the gauge is connected to a
a) snubber c) diaphragm seal
b) siphon d) safety valve
45. This sensor is used to measure pressure less than the atmospheric pressure given at a location.
a) Bourdon tube b) Vacuum c) Diaphragm d) Gage
46. The average force on a unit area of boundary resulting from the repeated collisions of molecules with the boundary.
a) temp. b) flowrate c) energy d) pressure
47. The force that tends to make one surface slide parallel to an adjacent surface
a) shear force c) pressure
b) axial force d) tensile force
48. The fluid in which the shearing stress within it is proportional to the velocity gradient across the sheared section, is called a __________
fluid.
a) Perfect b) Newtonian c) Bingham d)Dilatant
49. Density of an incompressible fluid
a) is greatly affected by moderate changes in pressure
b) is greatly affected only by moderate changes in temperature
c) remains unaffected with moderate change in temperature and pressure
d) is sensible to changes in both temperature and pressure
50. System of measurement that uses the physical standards
a) FPS b) CGS c) MKS d) ASTM
 ChE 411A: FLUID MECHANICS
51. At high Reynolds number
a) Inertial forces control and viscous forces are unimportant.
b) Viscous forces predominate.
c) Viscous forces control and inertial forces are unimportant.
d) Gravity controls and viscous forces are unimportant.
52. It is the dimensionless ratio of the weight of a body to the weight of an equal volume of a substance taken as a standard
a) Specific weight c) Reynolds number
b) Specific gravity d) Mass density
53. A device used to measure gage pressure of fluids in a tank.
a) Bourdon tube c) Barometer
b) Manometer d) Venturi meter
54. At low Reynold’s number
a) Inertial forces control and viscous forces are unimportant.
b) Viscous forces predominate.
c) Viscous forces control and inertial forces are unimportant.
d) Gravity controls and viscous forces are unimportant.
55. A pressure gauge used for steam applications require
a) snubber c) diaphragm seal
b) siphon d) safety valve
56. A measure of the resistance of a fluid to shear or angular deformation
a) Viscosity c) roughness parameter
b) Fanning friction d) Surface tension
57. A leak from a faucet comes out in separate drops. Which of the following is the main cause of this phenomenon?
a) gravity c) fluid viscosity
b) air resistance d) surface tension
58. If the pressure of a liquid increases, the viscosity
a) increases c) decreases
b) remains the same d) insufficient data
59. Shear stress increases with time at constant shear rate.
a) Rheopectic c) Thixotropic
b) Dilatant d) Pseudoplastic
60. Viscosity of non-Newtonian fluids is known as
a) kinematic viscosity c) shear viscosity
b) absolute viscosity d) apparent viscosity
61. Which of the following characterizes the viscosity of a Bingham plastic?
a) Viscosity decreases with increasing deformation rate
b) Viscosity increases with increasing deformation rate
c) Viscosity is constant after a minimum yield stress is exceeded
d) Viscosity is constant
62. An imaginary line within a fluid flow such that a tangent at any point indicates the direction of flow at that point.
a) stream path c) velocity profile
b) streamline d) no slip profile
63. In viscoelastic flows, normal stresses perpendicular to the direction of shear are different from those in the parallel direction. These give
rise to such behaviors as the in which fluid climbs up a shaft rotating in the fluid
a) Elastic Effect c) Die Swell Effect
b) Fluid memory d)Weissenberg effect
64. How are the lines of constant pressure in a fluid related to the force field?
a) They are parallel to the force field
b) They are perpendicular to the force field
c) They are unrelated to the force field
d) They are at 450 angle to the force field
65. Flow with zero vorticity
a) Incompressible c) Unsteady
b) Non-uniform d) Irrotational
66. A head of 3 feet of water is equivalent to feet of brine with a specific gravity of 1.5.
a) 0.5 b) 2 c) 4.5 d) 1.5

1. The draft pressure reading of a tank is 15 kPa. Determine the absolute pressure (kPa) in the tank.
a) 185.325 b) 86.325 c) 116.325 d) 3625
 ChE 411A: FLUID MECHANICS
2. A 10-m high cylindrical container is filled with equal volumes of water and oil (SG = 0.85). Determine the pressure difference between the
top and the bottom of the container.
a) 192.0 kPa b) 90.7 kPa c) 41.69 kPa d) 49 kPa
3. If a centrifuge is 3 ft diameter and rotates at 1000 rpm, the speed (rpm) of a laboratory centrifuge of 6 inch diameter be run if it is to
duplicate the plant conditions is
a) 2449 b) 2500 c) 2469 d) 2000
4. Oil with a viscosity of 30 cp and density of 60 lb/ft 3 flow through a 1/2 inch inside diameter. Determine the velocity, in ft/s below which
flow will be laminar.
a) 87.2 b) 0.63 c) 13.1 d) 16.9
5. What is the entrance length in a 2.067 inch pipe if the Reynolds number is 1800?
a) 6.9 ft b) 15.5 ft c) 17.1 ft d) 2.6 ft
6. A vertical tube open to the atmosphere is connected to the vein in the arm of a person. The gage pressure of blood is 120 mmHg. The
density of blood is constant at ρ = 1050 kg/m 3. At what height will the blood rise in the tube.
a) 1.55 m b) 3.45 m c) 12.95 m d) 68.9 m
7. A glass tube open to the atmosphere ( Patm = 92 kPa) is attached to a water pipe, and the pressure at the bottom of the tube is measured
to be 115 kPa. It is to be determined how high the water will rise in the tube.
a) 11.72 m b) 9.38 m c) 2.34 m d) 7.69 m
8. Air at 30OC and 5 bars is flowing inside a 1/2 inch steel pipe and has a viscosity of 1.8685 x 10 -6 Pa-s. If the flow is 4 SCFM, what will be
the Re?
a) 1.31 x 104 c) 5.31 x 105
b) 3.91 x 105 d) 6.53 x 104
9. A centrifuge bowl is spinning at a constant speed of 2000 rpm. The radius of the bowl in cm needed to create a force of 455 g is
a) 10.2 b) 12.0 c) 5.8 d) 8.5
10. The upper plate is fixed, while the lower plate moves in the positive x direction at 0.5 m/s. The plate separation is 0.001 m, the fluid
viscosity is 0.7 cP and the velocity profile is linear. Calculate the shear stress in the moving fluid.
a) 0.05 Pa b) 0.15 Pa c) 0.25 Pa d) 0.35 Pa

1. Lower BWG means

a) lower tube thickness c) tube’s outer diameter
b) lower tube cross-section d) tube’s inner diameter
2. The continuity equation
a) relates mass flow rate along a stream tube
b) relates work and energy
c) stipulates that Newton’s second law of motion must be satisfied at every point in the fluid
d) none of these
3. Valves were pressure drop is large
a) Gate b) Globe c) Check d) Butterfly
4. Fittings that join two pieces of pipe
a) Elbows b) Flanges c) Reducers d) Couplings
5. Most economical valve for use with large diameter pipes.
a) Gate b) Globe c) Needle d) Butterfly
6. Fittings that is used to terminate a pipeline
a) Elbows b) Couplings c) Caps d) Flange
7. A pipe’s bursting pressure is directly proportional to its
a) Inside diameter c) Outside diameter
b) Schedule number d) Length
8. The Fanning friction factor for fluid flow in pipe does not depend upon the
a) pipe length c) fluid density & viscosity
b) pipe roughness d) fluid’s mass flowrate
9. The basis for Bernoulli’s law for fluid flow?
a) Conservation of mass c) Continuity equation
b) Conservation of energy d) Fourier’s Law
10. Fittings that join two streams to form a third stream or for branch connections
a) Plugs b) Reducers c) Tees d) Union

11. Under what condition is mass conserved in fluid flow?

a) flow is isentropic c) fluid is incompressible
b) flow is adiabatic d) it is always conserved
12. Valves that are not used for throttling
 ChE 411A: FLUID MECHANICS
a) Gate b) Globe c) Ball d) Butterfly
13. The head loss in turbulent flow in a pipe varies
a) as velocity
b) inversely as the velocity
c) inversely as the square of diameter
d) as the square of velocity
14. Path followed by water jet issuing from the bottom of a water tank will be a
a) parabola c) hyperbolic
b) horizontal straight line d) zig-zag path
15. Bernoulli’s equation describes
a) mechanical energy balance in potential flow
b) kinetic energy balance in laminar flow
c) mechanical energy balance in turbulent flow
d) mechanical energy balance in boundary layer
16. Consider two pipes of same length and diameter through which water is passed at the same velocity. The friction factor for rough pipe is f 1
and that for smooth pipe is f2. Pick out the correct statement.
a) f1 = f2 c) f1 > f2
b) f1 < f2 d) data not sufficient to relate f1 and f2
17. The loss due to sudden contraction is proportional to
a) Potential head c) velocity
b) Velocity head d) Pressure head
18. All pipes of a particular nominal size have the same
a) inside diameter c) outside diameter
b) thickness d) cross-section
19. Valve where direction of fluid flow does not change
a) Gate b) Globe c) Ball d) Needle
20. Mass velocity is independent of temperature and pressure when the flow is
a) unsteady through unchanged cross-section
b) steady through changing cross-section
c) steady and the cross-section is unchanged
d) unsteady and the cross-section is changed
21. The friction factor for turbulent flow in a hydraulically smooth pipe
a) depends only on Reynolds number
b) depends on the ratio of the pipe’s roughness and diameter and Reynolds number
c) depends on the roughness
d) depends on the pipe’s diameter
22. When a fluid flows through a reducer in a piping system, the velocity at the outlet is the velocity at the inlet
a) less than b) more than c) the same as d) one-half
23. When studying flow in a pipe, the main concern is
a) Major losses are always greater than minor losses
b) Minor losses depend very sensitively on the pipe roughness
c) Major losses are reduced by decreasing pipe wall roughness
d) Bernoulli’s equation is always valid
24. The pressure drop in a pipeline changes by a factor of _____ when the velocity of the flowing fluid is doubled.
a) 1/2 b) 1 c) 2 d) 4
25. The origin of the energy equation in flow systems?
a) Newton’s 1st Law c) 1st Law Thermodynamics
b) Newton’s 2nd Law d) 2nd Law of thermodynamics
26. Which of the following fittings exhibits the highest pressure drop for the same flow conditions?
a) 900 long radius elbow c) 450 standard elbow
b) 90 standard elbow
0
d) square-corner elbow
27. Discharge in laminar flow through a pipe varies
a) as square of the radius c) inversely as pressure drop
b) inversely as the velocity d) as square of the diameter
28. Which of the following factors does not contribute to the pressure drop in a pipeline?
a) liquid velocity c) pipe size
b) length of pipe and number of bends d) none of these
29. Where does the maximum stress occur in a laminar flow of incompressible fluid in a closed conduit of diameter “d”
a) at d/4 from the wall c) at the conduit’s center
 ChE 411A: FLUID MECHANICS
b) at d/8 from the wall d) at the wall
30. Which of the following valves will incur maximum pressure drop for the same discharge of water?
a) Gate b) Globe c) Needle d) Butterfly
31. Hydraulic radius is the ratio of
a) wetted perimeter to flow area
b) flow area to wetted perimeter
c) flow area to perimeter
d) square root of flow area to perimeter
32. The higher the BWG rating of a tube, the lower is the
a) strength c) length of a tube section
b) area of flow d) grade of the metal used
33. In turbulent flow, a rough pipe has the same friction factor as a smooth
a) in the zone of complete turbulence
b) when the roughness projections are much smaller than the thickness of the laminar film
c) everywhere in the transition zone
d) when the friction factor is independent of the Reynold's number
34. During ageing of fluid carrying pipes, the
a) pipe becomes smoother with use
b) friction factor increases linearly with time
c) absolute roughness decreases with time
d) absolute roughness increases linearly with time
35. In case of hydraulically smooth pipe, the resistance to flow depends only on the Reynolds number, whereas for a hydraulically rough pipe,
the resistance to flow is governed by the relative roughness. Two pipes are said to have the same hydraulic roughness, when they have
equal values of
a) relative roughness
b) absolute roughness
c) friction coefficient for flows at equal Reynolds number
d) all of the above
36. When the ID of the pipe through which a fluid flows is doubled, the pressure loss due to friction per unit length of pipe and for the same
volumetric flowrate is changed by approximately factor of
a) 1/8 b) 1/16 c) 1/32 d) 1/64
37. Which of the following quantities are computed by using the hydraulic radius for non-circular ducts
a) Velocity and relative roughness
b) Head loss and velocity
c) Reynold number, relative roughness and head loss
d) Reynolds number and friction factor
38. For turbulent flow in smooth circular pipe, the velocity distribution is a function of the distance 'd' measured from the wall of the pipe and
the friction velocity 'v', and it follows a __________ relationship.
a) linear b) logarithmic c) parabolic d) hyperbolic
39. Consider a laminar flow of fluid through a straight horizontal pipe. What will be the effect on pressure drop of doubling both the pipe
diameter and volumetric flow rate, assuming other quantities constant?
a) It will not change c) It will increase by 4
b) It will decrease by 8 d) It will increase by 16

II. PROBLEM SOLVING: Write your final answer on the space provided in the answer sheet. Show complete solution. Final answers in the
solution should be in 4 decimal places and enclosed in a box.
1. Find the approximate flow rate at which water will flow in a conduit shaped in the form of an equilateral triangle if the head lost is 5 m per
kilometer length. The cross-sectional area of the duct is 0.095 m 2. Assume fanning friction factor to be 0.0155.
2. A water storage tank assumes the supply of water into a factory. Water is supplied to the tank through a booster pump installed in the
water line. The theoretical pump horsepower required by the system is 3.25 hp. What is the 30 day operating cost of the pump if electric
power cost on the average is PhP 3.73/kWh. The pump is 65% efficient and operates for 12 hrs a day.
a) Php 3700 c) Php 2116
b) Php 5000 d) Php 7000
3. Water is flowing at 10 m/s through a pipe with a mercury manometer as shown below. Determine the reading on the manometer.
 ChE 411A: FLUID MECHANICS

4. Water is flowing upward at 1.676 m/s through a vertical piping system consisting of 3” sch40 steel pipe at the inlet and 2” sch40 steel pipe
at the outlet. The vertical distance from the inlet to the outlet is 0.457 m. The inlet pressure is 68.9 kPa absolute. Assuming no friction
losses, what will be the outlet pressure?
a) 1 atm b) 68.9 kPa c) 59.1 kPa d)53.6 kPa
5. Water flows through an 8-in sched 40 steel pipe at an average velocity of 6 ft/s. Downstream the pipe splits into an 8-in main and a 2 in
sched 40 bypass pipes. If the velocity in the bypass is twice the velocity of the main pipe, the volumetric flow rate [ft3/s] in the main pipe
is
a) 10.58 b) 5.39 c) 1.84 d) 0.25
6. Seven hundred gallons per minute of water is being discharged by a centrifugal pump 5 ft above the pump inlet. The inlet pressure is 4 in
Hg above atmospheric and discharge pressure is 29 psia. If the pump has an 8-inch diameter inlet and a 4-inch diameter discharge, find
the pump efficiency. Assume the pump input energy is 8 hp.
ANS.84%
7. A cylindrical tank 1 ft in diameter discharges through a pipe connected to the base. Find the time needed for the water level in the tank to
drop from 4 ft to 2 ft above the pipe. The diameter of the pipe is 1 inch.
a) 42s b) 30 s c) 21 s d) 15 s
8. A steel pipe has an inside diameter of 25 mm, is 20 m long, and carries 10 oC water at a rate of 4.5 m 3/h. If the static pressure at the
upstream is 70 kPa, what is the static pressure of the water at the downstream?
a) 53.2 kPa c) 5.3 kPa
b) 19.9 kPa d) 2.6 kPa
9. A 280 km long pipeline connects two pumping stations. If 0.56 m 3/s are to be pumped through 0.62 m diameter line, the discharge station
is 250 m lower in elevation than the upstream station and the discharge pressure is to be maintained at 300 kPa absolute. Determine the
power in kW required to pump the oil. For the oil, kinematic viscosity is 4.5 x 10 -6 m2/s and density is 810 kg/m3.
10. Liquid benzene at 200C is to be pumped from a storage tank to a chemical reactor through 165 ft of a 2-inch schedule 80 steel pipe
followed by 100 ft of a 3-inch schedule 80 pipe to the pump. The discharge line from the pump to the reactor consists 230 ft of 3-in
schedule 80 pipe, two 450 elbow, two standard elbows and one bevel seat globe valve. The reactor is located 300 ft above the liquid level in
the storage tank. The tank is vented to the atmosphere while the reactor operates at 58 psig. Calculate the annual pumping cost if power
costs Php 2.48 per kW-hr and flow is maintained at 155 gpm. The pump efficiency is 55% and it operates for 300 days a year.