1.

Dual converters provide a) two quadrant

operation b) three quadrant operation c) four
quadrant operation d) none of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: c 
Explanation: Dual converters provide four quadrent operation, 
which means voltage can be positive or negative and so can be the  i) Load is not connected in the right position ii)
current. Hence, AC-DC, DC-AC any converter configuration can be 
used. 
Only 4 SCRs must be used iii) Voltage source
2. A dual converters has a) two full converters is not connected for one of the converter
in series b) two half converters in series c) two circuit
full converters in anti-parallel d) two half
converters in anti-parallel iv) Voltage source is not connected in the
proper place
View Answer
a) All 4 b) Both (i) and (iv) c) Both (iii) and (iv)
Answer: c  d) Both (ii) and (iii)
Explanation: Dual converters have two full converters connected in 
anti-parallel which provides a four quadrant operation. 
View Answer
3. The major advantage of using dual
converters is that a) it is cheaply available b) it Answer: c Explanation: The right connection for single-phase dual 
has better pf c) no mechanical switch is converter is shown below. 
required to change the mode of operation d)
its operating frequency is very high

View Answer

Answer: c 
Explanation: No mechanical arrangement is required to change 
from inverter to converter and converter to inverter, which was 
required in earlier methods. 
 
4. The four quadrant operation of dual
converters can be obtained by a) moving the
 
mechanical lever b) adding inductance to the 7. In the below given circuit, the right side
circuit c) changing the firing angle value d) converter C2 operates in the ___ and ___
none of the mentioned quadrant.

View Answer

Answer: c 
Explanation: The four quadrant operation can be obtained simply 
by adjusting appropriate values of firing angles for both the 
connected converters. 
5. A single full converter alone can given a a)
four quadrant operation b) three quadrant
operation c) two quadrant operation d) none of
the mentioned
a) second, fourth b) first, fourth c) second,
View Answer third d) first, third
Answer: c 
Explanation: A single full converter alone gives two quadrent 
View Answer
operation, hence for all four quadrant operation two full converter 
circuits are connected in anti-parallel.  Answer: c 
Explanation: The C2 converter will supply the load current in 
6. Find the error in the below given dual
direction opposite to that supplied by the converter C1. For 
converter circuit. converter C2, when α> 90 it operates in 2nd quadrant and if α<90 
both current and voltage are negative, C2 is in inverter mode and  1. In circulating current mode dual converters,
operates in 3rd quadrant. 
the circulating current is avoided by a)
8. Name the below given circuit.
connecting a series reactor b) maintaining α1
+ α2 = 180° c) operating only one converter d)
adding an extra SCR

View Answer

a) Single-phase dual converter circulating
current type b) Single-phase dual converter
non-circulating current type c) Three-phase
dual converter non-circulating current type d)
Three-phase dual converter circulating current
type
Answer: a 
Explanation: Reactor is added in circulating current mode not in 
non-circulating mode. The reactor limits the current to a 
reasonable value. 
2. Choose the correct statement a) Circulating
current exists only in circulating current mode
b) Circulating current exists only in
non-circulating current mode c) Circulating
current exists in both the circulating and
non-circulating current mode d) none of the
mentioned

View Answer View Answer

Answer: c 
Answer: b 
Explanation: The circulating current does exist in both the 
Explanation: The circuit is a single phase dual converter circuit. As 
converter circuits, but it is avoided by using a reactor in 
the there is no reactor (inductor) in series, it is a non-circulating 
type.  non-circulating type and by operating only one circuit in case of 
circulating type. 
9. For a single-phase dual converter, with
3. What causes circulating current in dual
converters C1 and C2 connected in
converters? a) Temperature issues b)
anti-parallel, which relation among the
Inductance in load circuit c) Out of phase
following is true to keep the average voltages
voltages from both the converters d) none of
from C1 and C2 equal? C1 and C2 have firing
the mentioned
angles α1 and α2 respectively. a) α1 = α2 b)
α1 + α2 = 360° c) α1 + α2 = 180° d) none of
View Answer
the mentioned
Answer: c 
View Answer Explanation: In case of practical dual converters, the voltages from 
both the converter circuits though equal in magnitude is out of 
phase. This indifference in voltages causes circulating currents to 
Answer: c Explanation: By maintaining α1 + α2 = 180°, one 
flow. 
converter can operate as converter and another as an inverter 
hence, the average output voltages are equal . This can be proved  4. Name the below given circuit.
as follows Vom cos α1 = Vom cos α2 Vom = 2Vm/π . . (Vm for 
both the converters is same) cos α1 = cos α2 cos α1 = cos (180 – 
α2) 
α1 + α2 = 180°.

10. In non-circulating current mode dual

converters, the circulating current is avoided
by a) connecting a series reactor b)
maintaining α1 + α2 = 180° c) operating only
one converter d) adding an extra SCR
a) Single-phase dual converter with circulating
View Answer current type b) Single-phase dual converter
Answer: c 
with non-circulating current type c)
Explanation: Reactor is added in circulating current mode not in  Three-phase dual converter with
non-circulating mode. The circulating current is avoided by using  non-circulating current type d) Three-phase
only one of the converters. 
-------------------------------------------------------- dual converter with circulating current type
View Answer power factor c) increase the weight of the
circuit d) all of the above
Answer: c 
Explanation: The circuit is a three phase dual converter circuit. As 
the there is no reactor (inductor) in series, it is a non-circulating  View Answer
type. 
5. In case of three-phase dual converter, one Answer: d 
Explanation: All of the above mentioned are the major drawbacks 
of the converter circuits is fired at an angle of of using reactors to reduce circulation current. 
60°. For both the converter circuits to have 10. If V1 and V2 are the instantaneous
equal average output voltage, what is the voltages of the two converter circuits in the
value of the firing angle for the other converter dual convert, then the output voltage is a) V1 +
circuit? a) 60° b) 120° c) 100° d) Insufficient V2 b) (V1 + V2)/2 c) V1 – V2 d) 2(V1 + V2)
data
View Answer
View Answer
Answer: b 
Answer: b  Explanation: The load voltage is the average value of the 
Explanation: For equal average output voltage, α1 + α2 = 180°.  instantaneous converter outputs. 
--------------------------------------------------------
6. In case of circulating current type dual
converters, the reactor is inserted between a)
supply and converter b) across the load c) 1. Name the circuit shown in the figure below.
between the converters d) no reactor is used
in case of circulating type dual converter

View Answer

Answer: c 
Explanation: Reactor (inductance) is added in circulating current 
mode between both the converters. The reactor limits the current 
to a reasonable value. 
7. Choose the correct statement. a) Circulating a) Single-phase circulating current type dual
current type is faster in operation b) converter b) Single-phase non-circulating
Non-circulating current type is faster in current type dual converter c) Three-phase
operation c) Both the types have the same circulating current type dual converter d) None
speed of operation d) Circulating current of the mentioned
improves power factor
View Answer
View Answer
Answer: d 
Answer: a  Explanation: The converters are connected in parallel not in 
Explanation: In case of non-circulating type, to shift the operation  anti-parallel. 
from one mode to another mode a delay of 10 to 20msec is  2. Dual converters handle ________ during no
required to let the current decay to zero value and let the outgoing 
load. a) very high temperature b) no current c)
SCRs safely turn off. This delay is not required in case of 
circulating current mode.  only circulating current d) load current
8. Circulating current flows a) from load to
converters b) from one converter to another View Answer
converter c) in the whole circuit d) none of the
Answer: c 
mentioned Explanation: During no load period, both the converters handle only 
the circulating current as the load current is zero. 
View Answer 3. In a three phase dual converter, converter 1
is operating with α = 95° and converter 2 is
Answer: b 
operating with α2 = 85°. Choose the correct
Explanation: The circulating current flows only between the 
converters and not to through the load.  statement. a) Converter 1 is operating as a
9. The reactor in circulating current type dual rectifier and converter 2 as an inverter b) Both
converters a) increases losses b) reduces the converters are operating as a rectifier c)
Converter 1 is operating as a inverter and
converter 2 as an rectifier d) Both the
converters are operating as an inverter
View Answer
Answer: c  8. In the below given figure the converter 1 (to
Explanation: As α1 > 90, converter 1 is operating as a inverter and 
with α2<90, converter 2 is working as an inverter. 
4. The circuit shown below is that of a
View Answer
Answer: c 
Explanation: Reactor (inductance) is introduced in the circulating 
current mode between both the converters. The reactor limits the 
current to a reasonable value. 
the right side) has firing angle = α1, converter
2 has firing angle = α2. For the dual converter
to operate in the second quadrant.

a) single-phase circulating current type dual

converter b) three-phase non-circulating a) α1 > 90° b) α2 > 90° c) α1 < 90° b) α2 < 90°
current type dual converter c) three-phase
circulating current type dual converter d) none View Answer
of the mentioned
Answer: b 
Explanation: Converter 1 would control the first and the fourth 
View Answer quadrant and converter 2 would operate in the second and the 
third quadrant. In the second quadrant, voltage should be positive 
and current should be negative, hence inverter operation hence α2 
Answer: c 
> 90°. 
Explanation: It is a 3-phase as it uses 6 SCRs on either sides, it is 
circulating current type as there is a reactor (L) placed on either  9. If V1 and V2 are the converter output
sides of the load to compensate for the circulating current.  voltages then the reactor voltage is a) V1 + V2
5. In circulating current type of dual b) V1 – V2 c) V1 x V2 d) none of the
converters, the nature of voltage across the mentioned
reactor is a) triangular b) pulsating c) constant
d) alternating View Answer

View Answer Answer: b 

Explanation: The reactor voltage Vr is the difference of the 
converter output voltages. 
Answer: d 
Explanation: The current is alternating in nature.  10. In the below given figure, the converter 1
6. When a line commutated converter (to the right side) has firing angle = α1,
operates in the inverter mode then a) it draws converter 2 has firing angle = α2. For the dual
real and reactive power from the supply b) it converter to operate in the fourth quadrant.
delivers both real and reactive power to the
supply c) it delivers real power to the supply d)
it delivers reactive power to the supply

View Answer

Answer: c 
Explanation: A converter is given an AC supply, when it is in the 
inverter mode, it is sending power (only real power) to the AC 
supply and absorbing power (only reactive) power from the supply. 
a) α1 > 90° b) α2 > 90° c) α1 < 90° b) α2 < 90°
7. The reactor is required in a circulating
current type dual converter to a) improve the View Answer
power factor b) smooth-en the waveform of
circulating current c) limit the circulating Answer: a 
Explanation: Converter 1 would control the first and the forth 
current d) increase the circulating current
quadrant and converter 2 would operate in the second and the 
third quadrant. In the fourth quadrant, voltage should be negative 
and current should be positive, hence C1 as an inverter is operated 
with α1 > 90°.