DEP SPECIFICATION

SELECTION AND PROCUREMENT OF ACTUATORS FOR

ON-OFF VALVES

DEP 32.36.01.18-Gen.

February 2014

DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRACTICE

DEM1

© 2014 Shell Group of companies

All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, published or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior
written permission of the copyright owner or Shell Global Solutions
Solu International BV.
 DEP 32.36.01.18-Gen.
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PREFACE

DEP (Design and Engineering Practice) publications reflect the views, at the time of publication, of Shell Global Solutions
International B.V. (Shell GSI) and, in some cases, of other Shell Companies.
These views are based on the experience acquired during involvement with the design, construction, operation and
maintenance of processing units and facilities. Where deemed appropriate DEPs are based on, or reference international,
regional, national and industry standards.
The objective is to set the standard for good design and engineering practice to be applied by Shell companies in oil and
gas production, oil refining, gas handling, gasification, chemical processing, or any other such facility, and thereby to help
achieve maximum technical and economic benefit from standardization.
The information set forth in these publications is provided to Shell companies for their consideration and decision to
implement. This is of particular importance where DEPs may not cover every requirement or diversity of condition at each
locality. The system of DEPs is expected to be sufficiently flexible to allow individual Operating Units to adapt the
information set forth in DEPs to their own environment and requirements.
When Contractors or Manufacturers/Suppliers use DEPs, they shall be solely responsible for such use, including the
quality of their work and the attainment of the required design and engineering standards. In particular, for those
requirements not specifically covered, the Principal will typically expect them to follow those design and engineering
practices that will achieve at least the same level of integrity as reflected in the DEPs. If in doubt, the Contractor or
Manufacturer/Supplier shall, without detracting from his own responsibility, consult the Principal.
The right to obtain and to use DEPs is restricted, and is typically granted by Shell GSI (and in some cases by other Shell
Companies) under a Service Agreement or a License Agreement. This right is granted primarily to Shell companies and
other companies receiving technical advice and services from Shell GSI or another Shell Company. Consequently, three
categories of users of DEPs can be distinguished:
1) Operating Units having a Service Agreement with Shell GSI or another Shell Company. The use of DEPs by these
Operating Units is subject in all respects to the terms and conditions of the relevant Service Agreement.
2) Other parties who are authorised to use DEPs subject to appropriate contractual arrangements (whether as part of
a Service Agreement or otherwise).
3) Contractors/subcontractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers under a contract with users referred to under 1) or 2)
which requires that tenders for projects, materials supplied or - generally - work performed on behalf of the said
users comply with the relevant standards.
Subject to any particular terms and conditions as may be set forth in specific agreements with users, Shell GSI disclaims
any liability of whatsoever nature for any damage (including injury or death) suffered by any company or person
whomsoever as a result of or in connection with the use, application or implementation of any DEP, combination of DEPs
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All administrative queries should be directed to the DEP Administrator in Shell GSI.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 5
1.1 SCOPE........................................................................................................................ 5
1.2 DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS ......... 5
1.3 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................. 5
1.4 CROSS-REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 7
1.5 SUMMARY OF MAIN CHANGES ............................................................................... 8
1.6 COMMENTS ON THIS DEP ....................................................................................... 8
1.7 DUAL UNITS ............................................................................................................... 8
1.8 NON-NORMATIVE TEXT (COMMENTARY) .............................................................. 9
2. REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................................................... 10
2.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................. 10
2.2 ACTUATOR DESIGNATION AND CLASSIFICATION ............................................. 10
2.3 PNEUMATIC ACTUATORS...................................................................................... 12
2.4 ELECTRIC ACTUATORS ......................................................................................... 13
2.5 HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS ...................................................................................... 13
2.6 ACTUATOR DESIGN ............................................................................................... 14
2.7 ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................................................... 16
2.8 ACTUATOR CONSTRUCTION ................................................................................ 18
2.9 ACTUATOR COMPONENTS, MATERIALS AND FINISH ....................................... 22
3. ACTUATOR ACCESSORIES................................................................................... 25
3.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................. 25
3.2 ACCESSORIES INTEGRAL TO THE ACTUATOR .................................................. 25
3.3 POSITION CONTROL AND FEEDBACK ACCESSORIES ...................................... 26
3.4 PNEUMATIC ACCESSORIES .................................................................................. 30
3.5 OTHER ACCESSORIES .......................................................................................... 33
4. ACTUATOR SIZING ................................................................................................. 34
4.1 TORQUE REQUIREMENTS AND SAFETY FACTORS........................................... 34
4.2 OPERATING TIME ................................................................................................... 38
5. PRODUCTION INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION AND TESTING ........................... 39
5.1 WITNESSING ........................................................................................................... 39
5.2 SCOPE OF THE PRODUCTION TESTING ............................................................. 39
5.3 ACTUATOR COMPONENTS ................................................................................... 40
5.4 BARE ASSEMBLED ACTUATOR ............................................................................ 42
5.5 AUTOMATED ACTUATOR....................................................................................... 43
5.6 BARE VALVE ............................................................................................................ 44
5.7 INTEGRATED VALVE ASSEMBLY .......................................................................... 44
6. DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS .................................................................... 47
7. PRESERVATION, HANDLING AND PACKAGING................................................. 48
7.1 ACTUATOR .............................................................................................................. 48
7.2 VALVES .................................................................................................................... 48
8. PROCUREMENT – SUPPORTING INFORMATION ............................................... 48
8.1 INFORMATION TO BE SUBMITTED WITH THE REQUISITION ............................ 48
8.2 INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED BY THE MANUFACTURER/SUPPLIER ......... 49
9. TYPE APPROVAL TESTING ................................................................................... 50
9.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................. 50
9.2 QUALIFICATION RANGE......................................................................................... 50
9.3 SCOPE OF THE TYPE TESTING ............................................................................ 50
9.4 PRE AND POST TEST INSPECTIONS ................................................................... 51
10. REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 55
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APPENDICES
APPENDIX A SAFETY FACTOR VALIDATION ................................................................... 59
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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 SCOPE
This new DEP specifies requirements and gives recommendations for pneumatic, electric
and hydraulic actuators for on-off valves and their accessories, for use in both General
Service Applications and Protective Applications.
This DEP does not cover actuators installed on control valves, valves in subsea service and
valves on distribution pipeline systems.
This DEP covers the selection, specification, requisitioning, procurement and Type
Approval Testing of actuators and integrated valve assemblies.
It is recognised that the text in this DEP is mainly dealing with pneumatic actuators and that
some of the listed requirements may not apply to hydraulic or electric actuators. At the
same time, not all relevant aspects of hydraulic and electric actuators have been included.
This DEP is intended for:
• The Principal’s control and automation engineers that are involved in the selection
and testing of actuators as well as in trouble shooting, for both new and replacement
actuators;
• Engineering consultants and system integrators (Contractors) who prepare
requisitions and evaluate technical proposals on behalf of the Principal;
• Actuator and valve Manufacturers that prepare technical quotations and calculations
and provide support to sites.
This DEP contains mandatory requirements to mitigate process safety risks in accordance
with Design Engineering Manual (DEM) 1 – Application of Technical Standards.
This DEP supersedes DEP 31.40.70.30-Gen. dated February 2013 (withdrawn at DEPs
v38). It has been issued with a new DEP number for administrative reasons.

1.2 DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS

Unless otherwise authorised by Shell GSI, the distribution of this DEP is confined to Shell
companies and, where necessary, to Contractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers nominated
by them. Any authorised access to DEPs does not for that reason constitute an
authorisation to any documents, data or information to which the DEPs may refer.
This DEP is intended for use in facilities related to oil and gas production, gas handling, oil
refining, chemical processing, gasification, distribution and supply/marketing. This DEP
may also be applied in other similar facilities.
When DEPs are applied, a Management of Change (MOC) process shall be implemented;
this is of particular importance when existing facilities are to be modified.
If national and/or local regulations exist in which some of the requirements could be more
stringent than in this DEP, the Contractor shall determine by careful scrutiny which of the
requirements are the more stringent and which combination of requirements will be
acceptable with regards to the safety, environmental, economic and legal aspects. In all
cases, the Contractor shall inform the Principal of any deviation from the requirements of
this DEP which is considered to be necessary in order to comply with national and/or local
regulations. The Principal may then negotiate with the Authorities concerned, the objective
being to obtain agreement to follow this DEP as closely as possible.

1.3 DEFINITIONS
1.3.1 General definitions
The Contractor is the party that carries out all or part of the design, engineering,
procurement, construction, commissioning or management of a project or operation of a
facility. The Principal may undertake all or part of the duties of the Contractor.
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The Manufacturer/Supplier is the party that manufactures or supplies equipment and

services to perform the duties specified by the Contractor.
The Principal is the party that initiates the project and ultimately pays for it. The Principal
may also include an agent or consultant authorised to act for, and on behalf of, the
Principal.
The word shall indicates a requirement.
The capitalised term SHALL [PS] indicates a process safety requirement.
The word should indicates a recommendation.
1.3.2 Specific definitions

Term Definition
Actuator An electric, pneumatic or hydraulic powered device bolted or otherwise
attached to the valve to apply torque or thrust for the opening and
closing of a valve.
Fail-safe A property of a device that, in the event of failure or loss of signal or
supply, responds in a pre-determined safe way.
General Service Applications of an actuator on a valve with an on/off service not
Applications considered being HSSE critical equipment.
HSSE Critical Equipment whose failure could release a Hazard with a RAM red Risk
Equipment (and yellow 5A and 5B Risks for Asset Integrity – Process Safety) or
whose purpose is to prevent or limit the Consequences of the release of
a Hazard with a RAM red Risk (and yellow 5A and 5B Risks for Asset
Integrity – Process Safety).
Maximum The maximum pressure allowed in a device or system. The design
Operating pressure (DP) is 110 % of the MOP. With respect to this document, the
Pressure (MOP) MOP will be in reference to the maximum pressure allowed in the
actuator.
Mechanically Parts that are designed to provide the generation and/or transmission of
Loaded Parts torque/thrust.
Pressure- Parts whose failure to function as intended results in a release of
Containing contained fluid into the environment.
Parts
On-Off Valve A valve that is not intended for throttling control in a partially-opened
position. It is intended to be either fully open or fully closed.
Protective Applications of an actuator on a valve which is HSSE Critical Equipment
Applications as defined in the HSSE Control Framework Glossary, such as:
• Final elements of an IPF SIL1 or higher
• High rate emergency depressuring valves
• Remote operated valves in pump or compressor suction
• Process unit emergency sectionalisation valves
Special Examples are offshore riser valves, trunk-line valves, beach valves and
Protective High Integrity Pressure Protection System (HIPPS) valves.
Applications
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1.3.3 Abbreviations
ISO 12490-4 lists a number of relevant definitions and abbreviations that have not been
repeated below.

Term Definition
AET Air End Torque
ART Air Running Torque
AST Air Start Torque
ENP Electroless Nickel Plating
GSA General Service Application
MAST Maximum Allowable Stem Torque
MOP Maximum Operating Pressure
MST Maximum Spring Torque
NDE NonDestructive Examination
NPT National Pipe Thread
PA Protective Application
PFD Probability of Failure on Demand
PST Partial Stroke Test
RMS Root Mean Square (of the material roughness in the context of this
DEP)
SET Spring End Torque
SIA Secured Instrument Air
SIL Safety Integrity Level
SIS Safety Instrumented System
SRT Spring Running Torque
VRST Valve Re-Seat Torque
VRT Valve Running Torque
VSCT Valve Start-to-Close Torque

1.4 CROSS-REFERENCES
Where cross-references to other parts of this DEP are made, the referenced section or
clause number is shown in brackets ( ). Other documents referenced by this DEP are listed
in (10).
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1.5 SUMMARY OF MAIN CHANGES

This is a new DEP. This DEP supersedes the use of DEP 31.40.70.30-Gen. (now
withdrawn). In this DEP, the following changes are made relative to DEP 31.40.70.30-Gen.
(February 2013):

Section/Clause Change
Deleted section on PMI.
Referred to endurance testing as described in EN 15714-2, 3 and 4,
replacing Appendix A and Appendix B.
1.3.3 Alignment of definitions with ISO 12490.
2.4, 2.5 Added content on electric and hydraulic actuators.
2.6.1 Updated safety factor table.
2.7.2 Corrosion protection based on ISO 12944-2.
2.9.3.3 Added stainless steel as an alternative to ENP for Protective
Applications.
3.3.1 Updated section on acceptable solenoid valve types.
4.1.2.3 Revised torque information summary list.
4.1.2.3 Added safety factors for butterfly valves.
5.2 Updated scope of production testing.

1.6 COMMENTS ON THIS DEP

Comments on this DEP may be submitted to the Administrator using one of the following
options:

Shell DEPs Online Enter the Shell DEPs Online system at

(Users with access to
Shell DEPs Online)
https://www.shelldeps.com
Select a DEP and then go to the details screen for
that DEP.
Click on the “Give feedback” link, fill in the online
form and submit.

DEP Feedback System Enter comments directly in the DEP Feedback

(Users with access to System which is accessible from the Technical
Shell Wide Web) Standards Portal http://sww.shell.com/standards.
Select “Submit DEP Feedback”, fill in the online form
and submit.

DEP Standard Form Use DEP Standard Form 00.00.05.80-Gen. to record

(Other users) feedback and email the form to the Administrator at
standards@shell.com.

Feedback that has been registered in the DEP Feedback System by using one of the above
options will be reviewed by the DEP Custodian for potential improvements to the DEP.

1.7 DUAL UNITS

This DEP contains both the International System (SI) units, as well as the corresponding
US Customary (USC) units, which are given following the SI units in brackets. When
agreed by the Principal, the indicated USC values/units may be used.
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1.8 NON-NORMATIVE TEXT (COMMENTARY)

Text shown in italic style in this DEP indicates text that is non-normative and is provided as
explanation or background information only.
Non-normative text is normally indented slightly to the right of the relevant DEP clause.
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2. REQUIREMENTS

2.1 GENERAL
1. The requirements in this Section apply to all General Service Applications. In case
requirements or restrictions apply to Protective Applications, this is specifically
mentioned in the text.
2. The Contractor shall specify the information listed in (8.1).

2.2 ACTUATOR DESIGNATION AND CLASSIFICATION

2.2.1 Actuator movement
Actuators can be divided in the following movements:
• Part-turn actuator that transmits torque to the valve for a rotation of one
revolution or less,
• Multi-turn actuator that transmits torque to the valve for a rotation of more than
one revolution;
• Linear actuator that transmits thrust to the valve for a defined linear stroke.
2.2.2 Actuator type
Actuators can be divided in the following types:
• Pneumatic actuator, comprised of pneumatic cylinder(s) or another shape,
appropriate gearing and travel stops.
• Electric, self-contained actuator, typically comprised of an electric motor,
reduction gearing, limit and/or torque switches, and a motor control package,
which may be integral or external to the actuator.
• Hydraulic actuator, comprised of hydraulic cylinder(s) or another shape,
appropriate gearing and travel stops.
1. For Protective Applications electric actuators shall not be used.
2.2.3 Actuator configuration
Actuators can be divided in the following configurations:
• Single acting actuator, with an operating medium that is active in one direction
only, and with the return stroke driven by an alternative form of stored energy,
such as a spring.
• Double acting actuator, requiring the application of supply energy to operate the
actuator output in both directions.
1. For Protective Applications, only single acting actuators using a return spring
SHALL [PS] be used.
2.2.4 Action on loss of supply energy
1. Upon loss of operating medium, the valve shall be automatically driven to, or remain
in, a predetermined position. These positions can be as follows:
a. Fail to open
b. Fail to close
c. Fail last (stay-put)
2 The position described above can be different than the fail-safe position of the valve.
Fail last (using lock-up valves) may be preferred in case of a temporary drop in
operating medium pressure.
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2.2.5 Actuator designs

Actuators are available in many different designs. The most common designs for
pneumatic and hydraulic actuators are as follows:
• Scotch-yoke, a mechanism that converts the linear motion of a slider/piston into
rotational motion of the output shaft;
• Rack and pinion, a pair of gears that convert linear motion into rotational motion.
The circular pinion on the output shaft engages teeth on the rack (a flat bar);
• Vane, an arm-like component that is moved by fluid pressure causing rotation;
• Helix, a piston with a helical groove that rotates when it is moved by fluid force.
Also called a helical-spline, piston and helix, and sliding spline.
• Linear, a piston that transmits linear thrust to the valve
1. For Protective Applications, only scotch-yoke designs shall be used and their designs
shall have passed either:
a. A Type Approval Test as specified in Appendix A and Appendix B of
DEP 31.40.70.30-Gen., performed before publication of this DEP, or
b. An endurance test as specified in EN 15714-3 Table 1 for pneumatic actuators
or EN 15714-4 Table 2 for hydraulic actuators.

Figure 1 Scotch-yoke mechanism (shown in actuated position)

NOTE: This Figure has been taken from ISO 12490. For description and naming of components, refer to that
international standard.

Figure 2 Rack and pinion mechanism (shown in actuated position)

NOTE: This Figure has been taken from ISO 12490. For description and naming of components, refer to that
international standard.
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2.3 PNEUMATIC ACTUATORS

2.3.1 Operating medium
1. The operating medium should be compressed air, unless otherwise specified.
2.3.2 Alternatives to compressed air
1. Other compressed gases may be used, on agreement between the
Manufacturer/Supplier and the Principal, ensuring that the gas used is compatible with
internal actuator parts and lubricants.
2. Use of any gas other than air requires Principal approval.
3. The gas shall be clean, dry, oil free, not very toxic (as defined in
DEP 01.00.01.30-Gen.) and non-corrosive.
4. If a toxic gas is used, the area around the actuator, solenoid-operated valve and other
pneumatic accessories shall be ventilated so that personnel are not exposed to
harmful levels of gases. The exhaust from a solenoid-operated valve shall be oriented
so that the release does not affect personnel near the valve.
5. The Principal shall specify the chemical composition of the gas, the hydrocarbon dew
point and the water dew point.
6. The Principal shall specify materials that are compatible with the gas at the specified
operating conditions.
2.3.3 Pneumatic supply quality
1. Unless otherwise specified, the pneumatic actuator shall be capable of operating
reliably and sustainably with the compressed air purity classes specified below
supplied to the tie-in point of the actuator.
a. For actuators that use a solenoid-operated valve to control their position
ISO 8573-1:2010 Class 7 3 4, i.e.:
i. Solid particle Class 7, i.e. particle size ≤ 40 µm, concentration
≤ 10 mg/m3;
ii. Humidity Class 3, i.e., pressure dew point ≤ –20 °C (-4 °F);
3
iii. Oil Class 4, i.e., concentration total oil ≤ 5 mg/m .
b. For actuators also fitted with diagnostic positioner or other pneumatic
accessories ISO 8573-1:2010 Class 6 2 3, i.e.:
i. Solid particle Class 6, i.e. particle size ≤ 5 µm (0.2 mils), concentration
3
≤ 5 mg/m ;
ii. Humidity Class 2, i.e. pressure dew point ≤ –40 °C (-36 °F);
iii. Oil Class 3, i.e. concentration total oil ≤ 1 mg/m3.
2. In regions with climate types colder than mild warm dry (MWDr) as defined in
IEC 60721-2-1 where the ambient temperature can frequently be below –10 °C
(14 °F), a tighter specification for humidity class and water class may be required.
3. The Contractor shall specify the air quality at the site where the actuator will be
installed.
2.3.4 Pneumatic supply pressure
1. The Contractor shall specify the pneumatic supply pressure available at the point
where the pneumatic supply line connects to the pneumatic system of the actuator:
a. Minimum available pressure to supply at the actuator (default is 550 kPa
(80 psi)),
b. Normal available pressure to supply the actuator (typically 700 kPa (100 psi)),
 DEP 32.36.01.18-Gen.
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c. Maximum available pressure to supply at the actuator (default is 900 kPa

(130 psi)),
d. Relief valve setting on instrument air system (default is 1000 kPa (145 psi)).
2. In case no site-specific values for the pneumatic supply are specified, the default
figures mentioned above shall be used for sizing and selection purposes, and in that
case the design pressure (DP) shall be at least 1100 kPa (ga) at 38 °C (100 °F).
Specifying an excessively wide range of pneumatic supply pressures (ratio
max/min available pressure > 1.6) can result in onerous design requirements, with
consequential cost implications.
3. The minimum available supply pressure given by the Contractor should include the
pressure loss in the tubing between the air supply header/distribution point and the
point where the pneumatic supply line connects to the pneumatic system of the
actuator during working stroking of the actuator.

2.4 ELECTRIC ACTUATORS

2.4.1 Duty classification
1. The duty classification of electric actuators is given below (EN 15714-2):
a. Class A: On-off – The actuator is required to drive the valve through its entire
travel from the fully open position to the fully closed position or vice-versa.
b. Class B: Inching/positioning – The actuator is required to occasionally drive
the valve to any position (fully open, intermediate and fully closed). Class B is
not covered by this DEP.
c. Class C: Modulating – The actuator is required to frequently drive the valve to
any position between fully open and fully closed. Class C is not covered by
this DEP.
d. Class D: Continuous modulating – The actuator is required to continuously
drive the valve to any position between fully open and fully closed. Class D
would typically be used on a control valve and is not covered by this DEP.
2. In this DEP, only Class A electric actuators are covered.
2.4.2 Electrical power supply
1. The Contractor shall specify the following:
a. Voltage, phase, frequency;
b. Voltage variation and frequency variation. Unless otherwise specified, this will
be in accordance with Zone B as described in Figure 12 of IEC 60034-1.
c. Number of consecutive valve strokes;
d. Number of starts per hour. Unless otherwise specified this will be as per
Table 6 and Table 7 of EN 15714-2.
2.4.3 Actuator duty performance
1. An electric actuator shall be able to deliver the minimum number of cycles per hour,
starts per hour and/or running time per hour as specified in clause 4.7.2 of
EN 15714-2.

2.5 HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS

2.5.1 Operating medium
1. The Contractor shall specify the type of hydraulic fluid used. The flashpoint shall be not
less than 93 °C for pressures below 1 MPa and 157 °C for pressures above 1 MPa.
2. The Manufacturer shall ensure the internal parts used in the actuator and its
accessories are compatible with the hydraulic fluid specified.
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2.5.2 Hydraulic fluid quality

1. Unless otherwise specified, the actuator shall be capable of operating reliably and
sustainably with hydraulic fluid which has a contamination level class 19/17/14 per
ISO 4406.
2.5.3 Hydraulic supply pressure
1. The Contractor shall specify the hydraulic supply pressure available at the point where
the hydraulic supply line connects to the hydraulic system of the actuator:
a. Minimum available pressure to supply at the actuator;
b. Normal available pressure to supply the actuator;
c. Maximum available pressure to supply at the actuator;
d. Relief valve setting on hydraulic supply unit.
2. Hydraulic actuators shall be designed to operate with one of the maximum allowable
pressure ratings as specified in clause 4.3.1 of EN 15714-4.

2.6 ACTUATOR DESIGN

2.6.1 Design code
1. Pressure-containing parts, such as the cylinder heads and cylinder, shall be designed
in accordance with one of the following:
a. PD 5500, Construction category 2
b. ASME BPVC Section VIII, Division 1 or Division 2;
c. EN 13445-3;
d. EN 13445, Testing Group 1
e. Other internationally recognized design codes or standards by agreement.
2. The Manufacturer shall specify the design code chosen.
3. Pressurised actuator enclosures shall be designed with minimum design safety factors
as given in Table 1 below (taken from EN 15714-3 Table 6.

Table 1 Minimum design safety factors

Material Proof strength as appropriate Tensile Strength

Ferritic Steel Rp0.2/1.5 Rm/2.4
Austenitic stainless steel, A5 > 30% Rp1.0/1.5 ----
Austenitic stainless steel, A5 > 35% Rp1.0/1.2 Rm/3
Cast steel Rp0.2/1.9 Rm/3
Aluminium Rp0.2/1.5 ----
Aluminium (non hardenable) Rp0.2/1.5 Rm/2.4
Other materials Calculations shall utilize the values appropriate to the
properties of the material.

Rp0.2 is the amount of stress that will result in a plastic strain of 0.2% (non-proportional
elongation)
Rm is the tensile strength at which the mater tears under pressure (the maximum tensile
stress).
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2.6.2 Design pressure

1. Based on the maximum available pressure to supply the actuator, the Manufacturer
shall specify:
a. The design pressure used for the design of the pressure-containing parts, and
b. The maximum rated pressure, which shall be less than, or equal to, the design
pressure and greater than, or equal to, the maximum operating pressure. This
pressure takes into account the mechanical limitations on the yoke, the
housing, travel stops and the mounting kit.
2. These actuator pressure relationships are illustrated in Figure 3.

Figure 3 Relationship between design, supply and rated pressures

2.6.3 Actuator – valve attachment

1. The Contractor shall specify the dimensions of the mechanical interface between the
actuator and the valve in accordance with ISO 5210 or ISO 5211. As an alternative,
use may be made of the following:
a. MSS SP-101-1989 (R 2001),
b. MSS SP-102-1989 (R 2001),
c. The maximum flange torque given in the above standards can be increased by
using stronger bolts or dowel pins.
2. The output drive of part-turn actuators may be an integral part or a removable
component to allow it, when necessary, to be machined to suit the driven component
of the valve.
3. For linear actuators, the dimensions of the valve attachment should be in accordance
with clause 4.3.3 of EN 15714-2.
4. In case the actuator is ordered as a part of an integrated valve assembly, the flange
size should be provided by the valve Supplier.
2.6.4 Accessories mounting interface
1. For accessories connected to the shaft/stem of pneumatic actuators the mounting
interface should be in accordance with clause 4.6.1 of EN 15714-3 and for hydraulic
actuators in accordance with clause 4.12.1 of EN 15714-4.
2.6.5 Service limits
1. The Contractor shall specify the following service limits:
a. Anticipated design life (years) prior to actuator replacement (default shall be
25 years);
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b. Anticipated number of actuator cycles per year (minimum shall be 300 per
year).
2. The actuator Manufacturer shall provide the derating selected as a percentage of the
maximum rated torque in order to predict that this number of cycles can be achieved
with the torque transmitting parts of the actuator. The endurance testing that is
required for use on Protective Applications will actually demonstrate that this number
of cycles can be achieved.
3. The Manufacturer should describe the maintenance requirements based on a six year
turn-around interval and without having to remove the actuator from the valve.
4. Actuators that are subjected to frequent cycling and/or rapid operation can require
additional design considerations such as derating, including spring fatigue analysis
and impact as appropriate.

2.7 ENVIRONMENT
2.7.1 Ambient conditions
1. Actuators and accessories shall be suitable for continuous use in the environmental
conditions specified.
2. For the location where the actuator will be installed:
a. The Contractor should determine the climate type based on IEC 60721-2-1.
b. Climatic conditions for that climate type should be based on IEC 60721-3
taking into account the possible influence of a very cold or very hot process.
3. Unless otherwise specified, equipment shall be installed in outdoor locations Class D
as specified in IEC 60654-1.
4. Unless otherwise specified the ambient temperature range shall be from -20 ºC to
60 °C (-4 °F to 140 °F) and with relative humidity up to 80 %.
2.7.2 Corrosion protection
1. Unless otherwise specified, corrosion protection of external components and housings
of the actuator and mounting kit shall be in accordance with corrosion category C5-M
(very high, marine) per ISO 12944-2.
This corrosion category is designed for exposure to corrosive, aggressive,
industrial, coastal environments.
2. The recommended paint system is:
a. zinc rich epoxy primer – 60 µm (2.4 mils)
b. high build epoxy mid-coat – 180 µm (7.2 mils)
c. polyurethane topcoat – 60 µm (2.4 mils)
3. The total minimum nominal dry film thickness (NDFT) shall be 300 µm (12 mils).
4. Unless otherwise specified, the coating shall be the Manufacturer’s standard colour
and paint specification. If a coating other than the Manufacturer standard is used, the
Contractor shall specify the RAL colour and paint specification.
5. The surface resistance of the painting coat should not exceed 1 GΩ (See
EN 13463-1:2009 paragraph 6.7.5).
6. In addition to the protection of external parts, protective compounds and durable
coatings shall be used to prevent corrosion in the event of condensation and corrosion
inside the housing, spring module and power cylinder.
7. In case the valve is painted after mounting of the actuator, the valve stem or spindle
and gasket-contact surface of flanges shall be protected against paint.
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8. The flange face between the actuator and the valve shall be protected against
corrosion, for instance, with peelable varnish.
2.7.3 Ingress protection
1. The ingress protection class of actuators shall be IP65 in accordance with IEC 60529,
as a minimum. This excludes the effect of pressurisation of components by pneumatic
operating medium.
2. For accessories, including junction boxes and electrical enclosures, the ingress
protection class shall be IP66, as a minimum.
3. For actuators in a marine environment, the ingress protection class shall be IP66, as a
minimum.
4. For Protective Applications, the ingress protection class of actuators shall be IP66, as
a minimum.
5. For Protective Applications in a marine environment, the ingress protection class of
actuators shall be IP67, as a minimum. This does not apply to diagnostic devices and
positioners.
2.7.4 Hazardous areas
1. Electric actuators intended for use in hazardous areas shall be designed and certified
in accordance with the requirements of the applicable regulations.
2. The Contractor shall specify the following details in accordance with IEC 60079-0:
a. Area classification;
b. Gas group;
c. Temperature class.
3. The Contractor shall specify the preferred method of protection for use of electrical
equipment in a potentially hazardous atmosphere.
4. For use in a Zone 1 hazardous area the method of protection shall be Ex’e’ for non-
sparking equipment and Ex’d’ for sparking equipment.
5. For use in a Zone 2 hazardous areas the method of protection shall be Ex’n’ or Ex’e’
for non-sparking equipment and Ex’d’ or Ex’p’ for sparking equipment.
2.7.5 Electrical
2.7.5.1 General
1. Cable entry in enclosures should be M20 x 1.5 mm ISO (female). Power supply cables
to electrical actuators may require other sizes.
2. Unsupported individual wires or cables inside limit switch boxes, valve position
transmitters and diagnostic positioners shall be terminated in a junction box with screw
terminals or insulation displacement terminals (IDTs). The use of IDTs requires strain
relief on the cables.
2.7.5.2 External circuits
1. For electrical actuators, the relay, circuit breaker and contactor coils, as applicable,
shall be provided with de-coupled networks consisting of one of the following
protection circuits:
a. A reverse diode for DC supplied coils;
b. An RC network (e.g., a 100 ohm resistor in series with a 100 nF capacitor) for
AC supplied coils;
c. A varistor for AC or DC supplied coils.
2. Electrical isolation shall be provided between such components and field wiring
terminations at the actuator.
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2.7.6 Orientation
1. The Contractor shall specify the installed orientation of the actuated valve assembly
and the direction from which local access is required, including pipeline direction, valve
stem direction and actuator orientation preferably using the coding as shown on
S 36.803.
2. The actuator shall not apply lateral loads to the valve stem in any orientation. The
forces resulting from the actuator's weight and applied torque shall not be carried by
the valve stem.
3. The following information is required as a minimum:
a. Orientation of pipeline in which the valve is installed (horizontal, vertical,
other);
b. Axis orientation of valve shaft (horizontal, vertical, other);
c. Orientation of actuator with respect to valve (parallel or transverse to the valve
centreline);
d. Orientation of accessories in order to ensure convenient access for
maintenance and operation.
4. The default orientation is pipeline horizontal, valve stem vertical, and the actuator axis
parallel to the pipeline (orientation code 21 to code 24 on S 36.803).

2.8 ACTUATOR CONSTRUCTION

2.8.1 General (applies to all actuator types)
1. The design of spring return actuators shall permit the safe mounting on- and removal
from the valve.
2. All moving components of the actuator, including the housing but excluding the
mounting kit and accessories, shall be of fully enclosed design to avoid the possibility
of injury to personnel during operation.
3. The housing cover, when applied, shall be bolted and easily removable to allow
access to the internal linkages without disassembling the entire unit or removing the
unit from the valve. In case the actuator has a cover as an integral part of the housing
or a cover that supports the shaft, then the cover shall be provided with a clearly
visible label, indicating “do not operate the actuator when cover is removed”.
4. The Contractor shall specify whether in-situ servicing of the actuator is required.
5. Measures shall be taken to prevent movement of bolted joints subjected to lateral
loads, e.g., by means of dowel pins or controlled assembly procedures.
6. Fasteners shall be selected and installed in a manner to ensure bolt tightness is
maintained under all operating conditions (e.g., temperature, vibration, etc.).
7. The Manufacturer shall ensure that static charge, by design, cannot build up in the
individual components of the actuator or in the actuator as a whole.
8. For Protective Applications, the housing of actuators with flange size larger than F07
(ISO 5211) shall be provided with a removable cover in order to facilitate in-situ
maintenance and repair.
2.8.2 Mounting kit
The mounting kit forms the mechanical interface between the actuator and the valve. It
transmits the mechanical loads from the actuator and this allows for some expansion
and movement between the valve and actuator.
1. The mounting kit may be comprised of combinations of the following:
a. An intermediate support (bracket, spool, adaptor);
b. A coupling (drive adaptor, drive tube, drive shaft);
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c. Optional drive key(s) connecting the coupling to the valve shaft;

d. A dowel pin fixing the intermediate support to the valve body or bonnet;
e. Bolting.
2. The mounting kit design and manufacturing tolerance shall ensure the following:
a. Parallelism of the intermediate support mounting faces;
b. Concentricity of the pitch circle diameter of the bolting of the intermediate
support;
c. Alignment of the valve stem, coupling and the actuator drive.
3. The design basis for the mounting kit shall be either stress-based using the design
code selected in (2.6.1) (e.g., ASME BPVC Section VIII-2) or shall be based on
satisfactorily documented previous experience, including validation testing.
4. The mounting kit shall be designed to transfer all of the loads from the actuator to the
valve and to react to them, including loads of 1.1, or more, times the maximum
torque/thrust output.
5. The maximum torque/thrust output shall be less than, or equal to, the design
torque/thrust.
6. The mounting kit design shall also take into account the following:
a. Torque/thrust generated at maximum operating pressure or as limited by relief
valve or other pressure-limiting device, for pneumatic/hydraulic actuators;
b. Torque/thrust generated by maximum compressed spring force, for spring
return actuators;
c. Torque/thrust at stall condition or 100 % torque/thrust switch setting, for
electric actuators.
7. Measures shall be taken to prevent movement of bolted joints subjected to lateral
loads, e.g., by means of dowel pins or controlled assembly procedures.
8. Incorrect angular orientation or improper assembly of actuator to valve shall be
prevented, e.g., by means of a dowel pin or fitted bolt, to ensure the correct location of
the actuator.
9. In case an open mounting kit is used, it shall be possible to identify the valve position
without removing the actuator. To achieve that, the drive couplings shall be clearly
marked to indicate the valve stem key location, so that the stem position is known
without having to remove the coupling.
10. If the mounting kit is a sealed compartment, it shall be fitted with safety relief devices,
to ensure that, in the event of leakage from the valve stem seals, excessive pressure
cannot build up in normally unpressurised compartments.
11. Where specifically indicated, the mounting kit shall be designed to allow adjustment
and re-packing of the valve stem packing with the actuator mounted on the valve.
12. The actuator shall be mounted on the valve so that, with the valve installed in the
indicated orientation, the mounting kit and stem are not overstressed by the weight
and torque of the actuator. Any requirement for additional support of the actuator,
other than that provided by the mounting kit, shall be clearly identified in the proposal.
13. The Manufacturer shall specify whether any special equipment or arrangements are
required for mounting the actuator.
2.8.3 Pneumatic actuators
2.8.3.1 General
1. All joints between actuator components shall be sealed against environmental ingress
and crevice corrosion.
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2. The power cylinder and spring module of a scotch-yoke actuator shall be bolted to the
housing.
3. The spring module shall be O-ring sealed or non-breathing to prevent ingress of
atmospheric air, sand and moisture.
4. The actuator internals shall be packed for life with suitable lubricants.
2.8.3.2 Springs
1. For all spring return actuators applications the spring design shall be based on
10 times the number of cycles considered as quasi-static loading as described in
4 5
EN 13906, (i.e., 10 x 10 = 10 ) but shall not be less than the number of cycles
required for the endurance test as described in EN 15714-3 Table 1.
2. No rubbing or buckling of the springs shall occur. Compression of the return springs
shall be limited so that scragging or blocking of the spring coils does not occur.
3. The Manufacturer shall provide procedures for the safe removal of the spring and/or
spring module.
4. In case the spring module is a unit that is welded closed whilst the spring is
compressed, the Manufacturer shall provide procedures for the safe decommissioning
of the spring module.
5. Actuator designs that contain a spring inside the power cylinder should not be used,
unless the power cylinder is connected with a closed loop breathing configuration that
protects the actuator from ingress of outside air that can contain moisture, salt, dust, or
other contaminants that can cause corrosion. Refer to S 36.601.
6. For Protective Applications, actuator designs that contain a spring inside the power
cylinder shall not be used.
2.8.3.3 Tie rods
1. Tie rods, when used, shall only be applied to retain the end caps/flanges on the spring
module and/or the power cylinder. They shall not be loaded by forces that are not
longitudinal.
2. Tie rods shall not be used to attach the power cylinder to the housing.
3. Tie rod design shall be in accordance with the selected design code selected in
(2.6.1), unless otherwise specified.
4. Failure of one tie rod shall not cause danger to personnel or interfere with the proper
operation of the valve.
5. The Contractor shall specify whether in-situ replacement of the failed bolt/bar is
required without removing pneumatic supply. In that case, the actuator shall be
supplied with labelling indicating that in-situ service of the component is allowed.
2.8.3.4 Pressure connections
1. Pressure connections on double acting actuators should be clearly identified with
numbers (2 and 4), in accordance with ISO 5599-2. For single acting actuators, the
port to be pressurised should be clearly marked.
2. As a minimum, the dimensions of these pressure connections/interface should be as
specified in Table 3 and Table 4 and Figure 1 and Figure 2 of EN 15714-3. The
pressure connections should be properly marked in case the thread is not NPT.
2.8.4 Electric actuators
2.8.4.1 General
Actuator motors are designed as an integral part of the actuator. They are outside the
scope of EN 60034-1.
1. Asynchronous motor windings shall be protected against overheating by a suitable
thermal protecting device. For other types of motors, the protecting device is not mandatory.
 DEP 32.36.01.18-Gen.
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2. The actuator gear mechanism shall be totally enclosed and lubricated. The method of
lubrication (grease, oil and/or self lubricating materials) shall suit the ambient
conditions specified and the operation of the actuator when mounted in any
orientation.
3. In case of oil lubrication, different orientations of the actuator shall enable oil level
checking.
4. In case of grease lubrication, injection and release nipples or plugs shall be provided.
2.8.4.2 Internal electrical controls
1. Electrical controls may be an integral part of the actuator or, in case of space
restrictions or adverse environmental conditions, (e.g., high temperatures, vibrations),
may be installed separately.
2. The actuator shall include means of de-energising the motor when reaching either
travel stop position.
3. A device for limiting actuator torque/thrust, acting in both directions, shall be
incorporated. The limitation set in the actuator shall be individually adjustable and be
based on the torque safety factors required for the valve, in particular on the Maximum
Allowable Stem Torque (MAST).
4. After the torque/thrust limiting device has operated, a means to prevent unwanted
operation of the actuator in the same travel direction is required.
2.8.4.3 External electrical controls
1. A remote control unit (RCU) is not required for motors in electrical actuators.
2. In case the terminations of power, signalling, local controls, and communications
cables share the same enclosure, adequate electrical and physical protection shall be
provided on the power terminals.
3. The power supply of the signalling and communication systems should not be derived
from the motor power supply. Local position indication shall remain visible when the
motor power supply is switched off.
2.8.5 Hydraulic actuators
2.8.5.1 General
1. Hydraulic actuator design shall include the following.
a. A static load thermal relief valve, and vent valves.
b. In case of a double-acting actuator, a dual over-centre valve to hydraulically
block-in the actuator in the desired position. This may be necessary when the
hydraulic pressure is accidentally lost.
2. In case the application requires a fire-safe design, the piston and piston rod sealing
SHALL [PS] be arranged so that a single seal failure can be tolerated without affecting
the functionality of the complete hydraulic system.
2.8.5.2 Tie rods
1. Tie rods, when used, shall only be applied to retain the end caps/flanges on the spring
module and/or the power cylinder.
2. Tie rods shall not be loaded by forces that are not longitudinal.
3. Failure of one tie rod shall not cause danger to personnel or interfere with the proper
operation of the valve.
2.8.5.3 Pressure connections
1. Actuators shall have two pressure connections, unless otherwise specified.
2. Pressure connections should be clearly identified with numbers (2 and 4), in
accordance with ISO 5599-2.
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3. As a minimum, the dimensions of the pressure connections/interface should be as

specified in Table 4 and Figure 1 of EN 15714-4. The actuator should be properly
marked to indicate the type of thread.
2.8.6 Overpressure protection
1. Actuators and/or mounting kits shall be provided with a means of preventing pressure
build-up in the actuator mechanism resulting from leakage from the valve stem or
bonnet seal leakage.
2. In case the actuator is fitted directly on the valve, the actuator shall be fitted with a
safety relief device.
3. In case the mounting kit used is a sealed compartment, it shall be fitted with a safety
relief device to ensure that, in the event of leakage from the valve stem seals,
excessive pressure cannot build up in normally unpressurised compartments.
4. The safety relief device shall be designed so that it cannot become inoperative as a
result of environmental degradation (UV), external corrosion or blockage by paint.
5. Pressure relief devices shall be included to prevent leakage from the power cylinder
from over-pressurising the housing or spring module.

2.9 ACTUATOR COMPONENTS, MATERIALS AND FINISH

2.9.1 General
1. This Section covers only materials and the protection and specification of the basic
components of the actuator. Actuator accessories are covered in (3).
2. Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 for part number references of scotch-yoke actuators
and rack and pinion actuators.
2.9.2 Pressure containing parts
2.9.2.1 General
1. For scotch-yoke actuators, the power cylinder barrel (8), end caps (5/6) and tie rods
are considered pressure retaining parts.
2. For rack and pinion actuators the housing (15) and the end caps (16) are considered
pressure retaining parts.
2.9.2.2 Welding
1. Welding, including repair welding, of pressure containing parts and attachment welding
to pressure containing parts shall be performed in accordance with procedures
qualified to ISO 15607, ISO 15609, ISO 15614-1 or ASME Section IX.
2. Welders and welding operators shall be qualified in accordance with ISO 9606-1,
ASME Section IX or EN 287-1.
2.9.3 Mechanically loaded parts
2.9.3.1 General
1. For scotch-yoke actuators the housing (1), guide block and assembly (2), guide bar
(3), piston rod and extensions (4), yoke and yoke pin (7), piston (8), tie rods and spring
(11) are considered mechanically loaded parts.
2. For rack and pinion actuators the housing (1), piston (9), rack/piston (13), pinion (14)
and springs (12) are considered mechanically loaded parts.
3. Yoke bearings shall be constructed from phosphor bronze.
4. For all applications the top yoke bearing shall be protected from the environment with
a cover or a seal.
5. For marine applications that use a mounting kit that is not fully enclosing the stem and
coupling, the bottom yoke bearing shall be protected from the environment by a seal
 DEP 32.36.01.18-Gen.
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2.9.3.2 Power cylinder

1. For General Service Applications, the power cylinder internals should be protected
against corrosion and wear.
2. For Protective Applications, the power cylinder internal surface SHALL [PS] be
protected against corrosion, galling and wear as follows:
a. Applying a non-heat treated electroless nickel plating (ENP) on all parts that
come into dynamic contact with seals or piston, finished to a smoothness of
4 µm RMS or better. Or,
b. Constructing the cylinder from 316 stainless steel in combination with a piston
having a difference in hardness with the cylinder of at least 50 points Brinell.
2.9.3.3 Piston rods
1. For Protective Applications, piston rods shall be constructed from a material such as:
a. Duplex stainless steel
b. 17-4PH
c. Carbon or alloy steel protected against corrosion by either:
i. Hard chromium plated
ii. ENP plated
2.9.3.4 End caps
1. The material of the end caps of the power cylinder shall be in accordance with the
selected design code selected in (2.6.1).
2.9.3.5 Tie rods
1. Bolting and tie rod design for pressure-containing parts shall be in accordance with the
selected design code selected in (2.6.1).
2. Internal tie rods shall be protected against corrosion since they cannot be inspected
after assembly.
2.9.3.6 Seal materials
1. Dynamic seals in the power cylinder shall be appropriate for the service.
2. If parts used for static and dynamic seals are interchangeable they shall be made of
the same material.
3. Static pressure seals shall not be paper/fibre gaskets.
4. The actuator Manufacturer is responsible for selecting the materials of o-rings, v-rings,
gaskets, etc., based on the ambient conditions specified.
2.9.4 Composition limits of pressure containing parts
2.9.4.1 Carbon steel
1. In accordance with clause 10.3.1 of ISO 12490.
2.9.4.2 Austenitic stainless steel
1. In accordance with clause 10.3.2 of ISO 12490.
2.9.4.3 Ductile iron
1. In accordance with clause 10.3.3 of ISO 12490.
2.9.4.4 Other materials
Other materials for pressure containing parts are not allowed, unless otherwise agreed.
 DEP 32.36.01.18-Gen.
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2.9.5 Housing
1. For scotch-yoke type actuators:
a. The centre body shall be constructed of fabricated alloy steel, forged steel or
other material, (e.g., ductile iron) as proposed by the Manufacturer and
approved by the Principal.
b. The yoke shall be constructed of cast steel, forged steel, fabricated forged
steel, or another material (e.g., ductile iron) as proposed by the Manufacturer
and with the approval of the Principal.
c. The yoke pin shall be high-grade steel capable of withstanding the stresses
inherent in this design.
d. For Protective Applications, the housing shall be a high yield strength ductile
iron casting or fabricated alloy steel to maintain correct bearing alignment.
2. For rack and pinion type of actuators:
a. The gear rack shall be constructed of high yield strength ductile iron or other
materials as proposed by the Manufacturer (and with the approval of the
Principal) as suitable for the service and required life.
b. The pinion shall be of high grade steel, high yield strength ductile iron or other
materials as proposed by the Manufacturer (and with the approval of the
Principal) as suitable for the service and required life.
3. For ductile iron, the design safety factor on allowable stress shall be 1.9.

2.9.6 Springs
1. Springs shall be treated with enamel painting, epoxy coating or a wax coating to
permanently resist corrosion. Springs shall not be cadmium plated.
2.9.7 Spring module
1. Internal surfaces of a spring module shall be waxed or greased for life to prevent
corrosion.
2.9.8 Tie rods
1. Tie rods shall conform to ASTM A193, grade B7, and nuts shall conform to
ASTM A194, grade 2H, as a minimum.
2. Internal tie rods shall receive the same anti-corrosion treatment as the internal
surfaces of the power cylinder because they cannot be inspected after assembly.
2.9.9 Fasteners
1. Bolting shall conform to ASTM A193, grade B7, and nuts shall conform to ASTM A194,
grade 2H, as a minimum.
2. Carbon, low-alloy and austenitic stainless steel bolting material with a hardness
exceeding HRC 34 (HBW 321) shall not be used for applications where hydrogen
embrittlement can occur, unless otherwise specified.
3. In case the valve associated to the actuator is specified for sour or wet H2S service,
then all bolting material shall be according to the bolting material specified in the piping
class for the connected piping system.
Hydrogen embrittlement can occur in buried pipelines with cathodic protection.
Some materials can be susceptible to environmentally assisted cracking.
2.9.10 Mounting kit
1. Tensile stresses in mounting kit components shall not exceed 67 % of SMYS when
delivering 1.1 times the maximum torque/thrust output. Shear, torsion and bearing
stresses shall not exceed the limits specified in ASME BPVC Section VIII-2,
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Section 5.2.2 “Elastic stress analysis method”, except that design stress intensity
values, Sm, shall be 67 % of SMYS. Bearing stresses shall be limited to SMYS.
2. All fasteners, bolts, nuts and washers used on mounting kits shall be of 304/305
stainless steel or better.
3. All materials used for mounting kits used in marine services shall be Type 316
stainless steel or better.

3. ACTUATOR ACCESSORIES

3.1 GENERAL
1. Accessories that are not mounted directly on the actuator shall meet the same
requirements as those that are mounted directly on the actuator.
2. Enclosures of accessories shall be suitable for the electrical hazardous area
classification in which they are located.
3. The Contractor shall specify the supply voltage for the accessories.
4. The make, type and tag number of electric accessories shall be specified.

3.2 ACCESSORIES INTEGRAL TO THE ACTUATOR

3.2.1 Travel stops
1. Pneumatic and hydraulic part-turn actuators and linear actuators shall be fitted with
two externally adjustable mechanical travel stops. Two arrangements for mechanical
travel stops on the actuator are possible:
a. At the housing;
b. At the power cylinder and spring module end plate.
2. It is also possible to fit the valve with travel stops. Those are outside the scope of this
document.
3. Triple offset butterfly valves are torque seated so they must always be loaded onto
their seats in the closed position. Travel stops for closed position should be backed-off
to allow the butterfly valve to fully seat.
2. Travel stops shall be:
a. Adjustable by at least ± 3° at both the 0° and 90° positions, with a positioning
repeatability of the actuator of ± 0.25° in the open position and ± 0.5° in the
closed position.
b. Adjustable without dismantling the actuator from the valve and sufficiently
robust so that adjustment is still possible after prolonged cycling of the
actuator. Bolt adjustment types of travel stops shall be fitted with a locking
facility, e.g., a lock nut.
c. Designed to withstand the forces generated by the design pressure of the
actuator.
d. Provisions shall be made for the decelerating forces that result from stopping
the valve travel at maximum speed as well as the forces applied by the spring
and pneumatic pressure.
e. Designed so that accidental adjustment on site is prevented, i.e., locked with a
locknut. In case the travel stops enter the pressurised part of the power
cylinder, they shall be pressure sealed by means of o-rings and separate caps
to prevent leakage and corrosion of exposed threads.
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3.2.2 Local position indication

1. The actuator shall be equipped with a fully sealed visual position indicating
arrangement or device to clearly show the valve obturator’s position during power
and/or manual operation from a distance of 10 m (33 ft).
3.2.3 Hand wheel
1. If valves or actuators are equipped with hand wheels, the hand wheels shall comply
with the following, unless otherwise specified:
a. Turn in a clockwise direction to close the valve.
b. Sizing of the operating element shall be in accordance with EN 12570.
c. Have spokes that do not extend beyond the perimeter.
d. The threads shall be enclosed and greased for life.
2. For Protective Applications, hand wheels SHALL [PS] not be fitted.
3.2.4 Locking devices
1. Mechanical locking devices (using Lockout-Tagout) may be required for certain valves
in General Service Applications. Considering the design of the actuator and the valve,
it may be required to add a dedicated facility between the mounting kit and the valve.
Use of mechanical locking devices requires Principal approval.
2. Actuators on valves used in Protective Applications SHALL [PS] not be fitted with
locking devices.
3.2.5 Lifting eyes
1. Actuators heavier than 25 kg (55 lbm) shall be provided with bolted-on or welded lifting
eyes suitable for installing and removing the actuator with the valve stem in the vertical
position.
a. If lifting eyes are used, there shall be at least two of them, to provide full
redundancy.
b. Additional lifting eyes may be provided on the spring module to allow its
removal from the actuator on the valve in the specified orientation.
c. When specified, additional lifting eyes may be required for installing and
removing the actuator in situ with the valve in the specified orientation.
2. Lifting eyes provided on the actuator are not intended to lift the valve body and shall be
permanently marked accordingly.
3. Bolted-on lifting eyes may be removed after installation of the actuated valve assembly
in the field.
4. When the assembled actuator and accessories weigh more than 100 kg (220 lbm), the
general arrangement drawing of the actuator shall indicate the centre of gravity.

3.3 POSITION CONTROL AND FEEDBACK ACCESSORIES

3.3.1 Position control
3.3.1.1 General
1. Position control of pneumatic and hydraulic actuators for on/off valves may be
achieved by one of the following:
a. Solenoid-operated valve
b. Positioner
c. Partial stroke test (PST) device
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3.3.1.2 Solenoid-operated valve

Solenoid-operated valves are the most common way to control the position of pneumatic
and hydraulic actuators.
1. On loss of signal or any other failure, the switching valve shall drive the actuator to its
predetermined safe position.
2. The solenoid-operated valve shall:
a. Be equipped with an integral terminal enclosure and cable gland entry or a
separate enclosure with a terminal strip for wire termination. Unsupported
individual wires or cables outside the enclosure are not allowed.
b. Be equipped with an arc suppression device across the coil and the assembly
shall be rated for continuous duty. In case the solenoid-operated valve is not
available with an arc suppression device, an alternative shall be proposed to
the Principal for approval.
c. Be capable of switching (de-energising and re-energising) under conditions of
maximum and minimum operating pressure and long stand-still energisation
under the rated supply voltage under all environmental conditions.
d. Have the appropriate electrical approval for use in hazardous areas.
e. Have environmental protection class of IP65 as a minimum.
f. Have electrical insulating material meeting Class 180 (H) according to
IEC 60085 as a minimum.
3. Solenoid-operated valves may be mounted on a manifold using the NAMUR
Recommendation NA 19 ‘Mounting of Solenoid Valves to Swivel Drives’ standard.
4. The exhaust port of solenoid-operated valves should be fitted with a means to avoid
blockage by ice, dirt or animals such as insects, (e.g., by a section of tubing bent
downwards or by fitting a suitable silencer).
5. The Contractor shall specify the type(s) of solenoid-operated valves to be used. The
following types are allowed for use on pneumatic actuators:
a. Type 1. A direct-operated solenoid valve that contains a magnetically
actuated plunger that switches a port through which flows the medium used to
switch and control. They will work even without pressure and without flow.
b. Type 2. A combination of a Type 1 direct-operated solenoid valve and a
separate pneumatically operated (3-or 5-port) valve. The moving parts of
these two components are not mechanically connected. These two functions
may be combined in the same product. They will work only with pressure
available but require no flow.
c. Type 3. An indirect- or pilot operated solenoid valve that contains a
magnetically actuated plunger that switches a small port that operates
another, usually much larger, port through which flows the medium used to
switch and control. Some models use a diaphragm or a piston that is lifted by
a differential pressure which is caused by a small bypass flow through a
restriction that can also be a small hole in the diaphragm. Depending on how
they are connected, the bypass flow is required for either pressurising or
depressurising the actuator.
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Figure 4 Solenoid-operated valve types

For the same flowing capacity, indirect- or pilot operated solenoid valves require a
smaller (lower-power) coil than direct-operated solenoid valves. Direct-operated
solenoid valves of Type 1 require a more powerful coil that pulls a larger plunger
against a stronger spring. The reliability of such a valve is higher than the indirect
operated valves Type 2 and Type 3, which impacts on the PFD of the final
element.
6. For Protective Applications, the actuator should be operated by means of a normally
energised direct-operated solenoid valve (Type 1). Where larger capacities are
required, Type 2 is also allowed.
7. For Protective Applications, a Type 3 indirect-operated solenoid valve SHALL [PS] not
be applied since this type may increase the unrevealed failure rate.
3.3.1.3 Positioner
1. For General Service Applications, a positioner connected to a process automation
system, is allowed in order to combine the functions of position control, position
feedback, limit switches and speed control.
2. Positioners shall not be used for position control on actuators used for Protective
Applications.
3.3.1.4 Partial stroke testing
3.3.1.4.1 General
1. The Contractor shall specify the requirement for partial stroke testing that may be
considered for on/off valves. Three methods for partial stroke testing are possible as
follows:
a. Mechanical limitation;
b. PST device, or
c. Timed solenoid valves.
2. Any type of partial stroke testing requires procedural coverage governing their
application.
3. Application of any PST method requires Principal approval.
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3.3.1.4.2 Mechanical limitation

Mechanical limitation includes any device that can limit the physical movement of the
actuator mechanism resulting in the valve being unable to fully open or fully close when
required. Examples include valve jack or valve jammer.
1. For Protective Applications, mechanical limitation shall not be used.
3.3.1.4.3 Partial stroke test device
1. PST devices may require data communication to trigger the test and to gather the test
results.
2. If specified, a local manual control facility shall be provided to trigger the test. Provision
shall be made to protect this facility from interference or inadvertent operation.
3. The PST device shall not override the protective functions of the actuator.
3.3.1.4.4 Timed solenoid valves
1. When using timed solenoid valves, measures shall be taken to ensure that the valve
does not travel too far and cause a process upset while testing the valve. Such a
measure may be the use of a limit switch that overrules the time-pulsed output,
causing the valve to return to its normal position.
3.3.2 Position feedback
3.3.2.1 General
1. The Contractor shall specify position feedback that may be implemented using a:
a. Limit switch, or a
b. Position transmitter.
2. The position feedback device should be mounted inside a box or enclosure for
mechanical protection in order to avoid malfunction by mechanical disturbance.
a. If mounting inside a box is not possible, the unsupported individual wires or
cables should terminate in a junction box with insulation displacement
terminals (IDTs) mounted close to the limit switches.
b. The use of IDTs requires strain relief on the cables.
c. The protection box and the junction box may be combined into a single box.
3. If position feedback is specified as an input of a protective function, the limit switch or
position transmitter shall be hard wired directly into the SIS.
3.3.2.2 Limit switches
1. Limit switches may be implemented using one of the following:
a. Proximity switches
b. Reed contact switches
c. Soft limit switches
2. Limit switches for open or closed position shall be adjustable individually and work
independently, e.g., one switch for the "fully open" position and another switch for the
"fully closed" position.
3. Proximity switches shall be in accordance with IEC 60947-5-2 and IEC 60947-5-6
(NAMUR NA 01).
a. Metal shall be detected when the corresponding position is reached.
b. The metallic initiator vanes should face the proximity switch perpendicular to
its axis.
c. The combination of proximitor and proximitor circuit shall use a fail-safe design
for protective functions.
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4. Reed contact limit switches shall be in accordance with IEC 62246, and their contact
rating shall be at least 0.5 A at 24 VDC.

Table 2 Adjustment range of limit switches

Linear Motion Rotary

Adjustable from Adjustable from
Closed position -5 to 5 % lift -5 to +5 degrees
Open position 95 to 105 % lift 85 to 95 degrees

5. Repeatability of the switching points shall be better than 0.5 degrees for rotary valves
and better than 1 % of lift for linear valves.
6. Hysteresis of the switching points shall be better than 1 degree for rotary valves and
better than 2 % for linear valves.
7. For applications where the valve is required to be tested under operational conditions
and the valve has been fitted with limit switches, additional limit switches may be fitted
at either the 10° or 80° positions to allow partial stroke tests to be conducted.
8. Limit switches used as an input into protective functions shall be hard wired directly to
the SIS.
9. For part turn valves, housings and assemblies for limit switches used as an input into a
protective function shall be mounted in line with the valve shaft. No mechanical
linkages are allowed between the limit switches and the valve shaft.
10. In those cases, other devices, such as a diagnostic device, should preferably be
mounted on top of the limit switches or alternatively be connected by mechanical
linkages.
3.3.2.3 Position transmitter
1. In case a position transmitter is used as an analogue input into the SIS, then no other
equipment shall be installed in the current loop that may affect the integrity of the
position reading.

3.4 PNEUMATIC ACCESSORIES

3.4.1 Tubing and fittings
1. The Contractor shall specify the tubing and fittings:
a. Material and type of tubing, 316 stainless steel unless otherwise specified;
b. Make, type and material of compression fittings - NPT or parallel threaded.
2. Many sites have standardised on the make and type of all compression fittings and this
shall be taken into account.
3. In case the site is using parallel threaded fittings, the actuator may be fitted with NPT
threads, but the Manufacturer shall provide a suitable adaptor at the point where the
supply line connects to the pneumatic/hydraulic system of the actuator and a
permanent warning label shall be attached to the valve, indicating it is using NPT
threaded fittings.
4. Pneumatic connections to the actuator shall be sized in accordance with Table 4 of
EN 15714-3.
5. The Manufacturer is responsible for the determination of the tubing diameter so as to
achieve the required Operating time, taking into account the planned location of the
individual components. The minimum tubing diameter shall be 6 mm (1/4 in).
 DEP 32.36.01.18-Gen.
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3.4.2 Speed controlling mechanisms

3.4.2.1 General
1. The speed at which an actuator will move the valve is determined by a combination of
the capacity of the controls together with the displaced fluid volumes.
2. Contractor shall specify any requirement for speed control. There are four possible
situations for which actuator speed control may be required (refer to the values A, B, C
and D in Table 5):
A) To prevent the valve from moving too slowly towards the safe position after a
trip. This situation is the most common one and is related to the process safety
time of the protective function.
B) To prevent the valve from moving too quickly towards the safe position after a
trip.
The maximum value under A) shall be at least 1.5 times the minimum value
under B).
C) To prevent the valve from moving too slowly from the safe position upon
restart.
D) To prevent the valve from moving too quickly from the safe position upon
restart.
The maximum value under C) shall be at least 1.5 times the minimum value
under D).
A) May be achieved by using a quick-exhaust valve between the solenoid-
operated valve and the actuator. In case a Partial Stroke Testing device is
installed, the Manufacturer shall indicate how the quick-exhaust valve will
affect the PST and propose a solution. Refer to S 36.431.
B) May be achieved either by using a fixed orifice or by a mechanically locked
adjustable restrictor in the tubing in the exhaust of the solenoid-operated valve.
The orifice/restrictor shall be clearly marked and its size shall be indicated in
the documentation. Refer to S 36.432.
C) May be achieved by means of a pneumatic booster valve between the solenoid
valve and the actuator. This solution may affect the failure rates. Refer to
S 36.441.
D) May be achieved by either using a mechanically locked adjustable restrictor or
a clearly marked fixed restrictor in the pneumatic supply to the solenoid-
operated valve since no dangerous failures are possible. When applying this
method, the potential consequences when opening the valve too quickly shall
be taken into consideration. An alternative to achieve this may be to use a
positioner to control the speed. Refer to S 36.442.
3. Any speed controlling mechanism other than a single direct-operated solenoid valve
requires the approval of the Principal.
3.4.2.2 Quick exhaust valve
1. Quick exhaust valves may be used to reduce the time it takes for the actuator to move
the valve to the safe position. Quick exhaust valves may interfere with PST devices in
case they are combined.
3.4.2.3 Booster valve
1. Booster valves may be used to reduce the time it takes for the actuator to move the
valve to the non-safe position. The capacity of the pneumatic supply system will
determine the limiting speed. Most types of booster valves have a bypass valve that
needs adjustment of the sensitivity of the boosting action.
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3.4.2.4 Restrictors
1. Restrictors can either be in the form of a fixed insert into the tubing or they may be in
the form of an adjustable flow control valve that may be mechanically locked after
adjustment during commissioning. This lock may take the form of a cap on the
adjustment screw, sealed by a wire.
2. It is essential that any fixed restrictors in tubing are clearly labelled and that the orifice
size is indicated on the label.
3.4.2.5 Silencers
1. Silencers may be required on certain applications, in particular on valves that are
frequently switching and those that are close to locations where personnel may be
present.
2. Silencers using a number of peripheral openings or porous metal which disperses
exhaust air uniformly are preferred.
3. Where required, silencers should be protected from rain and ice in order to prevent
blockage.
3.4.3 Regulation of supply pressure
3.4.3.1 General
1. For pneumatic actuators, the maximum supply pressure may be regulated for a
number of reasons. A pressure regulator may be considered only in the following
cases:
a. The maximum available pressure to supply exceeds the design pressure of
the actuator. A relief valve is required, which shall be set at either 110 % of
regulator set pressure or 50 kPa above the regulator set pressure, whichever
is lower. This method protects the power cylinder from over pressurisation and
personnel injury.
b. The actuator Maximum Air Torque is larger than the valve Maximum Allowable
Stem Torque. No relief is required in this case. This method protects the valve
stem and the mounting kit.
c. Conventional ways to reduce the Operating time are insufficient to meet the
requirement. The regulator can be set at the minimum pressure to keep the
valve in the open position. No relief is required in this case.
2. Applying a regulator always requires approval of the Principal.
3. Where used, filter regulators shall be mounted with the drain cock at the bottom in
order to allow for draining of the filter bow.
3.4.3.2 Relief valves
1. The use of relief valves as a pneumatic accessory for mechanical protection is a
method that requires control. They shall be:
a. Provided with a unique tag number;
b. Documented on the datasheets of the actuator;
c. Periodically tested for proper functioning.
2. Relief valve setting and objective shall be documented.
3.4.4 Air filter
1. The Manufacturer may include air filters and liquid catch pots on the actuator, in case
the air quality specification is unsuitable for the actuator and its accessories.
2. Where used, air filters shall be mounted with the drain cock at the bottom in order to
allow for draining of the filter bow.
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3.4.5 Pressure gauges and measurement points

1. The Contractor shall specify any pressure gauges and measurement points to be
provided.
2. Measurement points included for performance monitoring or failure diagnosis shall be
fitted with quick connectors or with isolating valves with capped/plugged outlets.

3.5 OTHER ACCESSORIES

3.5.1 Mounting plates
1. For practical or technical reasons, it may be required to install some of the accessories
on a separate 316 stainless steel mounting plate. The Contractor shall specify this and
include the distance between the actuator and the remotely mounted accessories.
2. During factory testing and shipment, the separate plate may be attached to the
actuator. The construction Contractor at site may provide a separate support for the
plate. This may impact the stroking times.
3. Mounting plates attached directly to the actuator shall not interfere with the adjustment
of the travel stops.
3.5.2 Secured air supply
1. Secured instrument air vessels are not accessories that belong to the actuator and are
not covered in this DEP. Refer to S 36.701.
3.5.3 Fire proofing
1. In all cases where valves may be engulfed in fire or exposed to high radiation flux from
a fire, the fire-safe requirements of the valve (if any) shall be specified by the
Contractor. Fire protection is sometimes required for depressurizing valves but not in
general for all valves in Protective Applications.
2. Actuators and accessories on valves that require fireproofing shall be protected by a
suitable fire-proof enclosure.
Fireproof enclosures are not accessories that belong to the actuator and are not
covered in this DEP.
3. The actuator Manufacturer shall provide drawings of the actuator for the design of the
enclosure so this enclosure can be made before the actuator arrives on site.
4. Measures shall be taken to prevent leakage through the valve packing from entering
the fireproof enclosure around the actuator.
5. In case a fireproof enclosure is used, exhausts of solenoid-operated valve and quick
exhaust valves shall be provided with a suitable length of tubing in order to avoid build-
up of pressure inside the enclosure.
6. Cable and pneumatic entries into the fireproof enclosure shall be from the bottom by
means of suitable bulkhead connections. The enclosure shall be provided with doors
or hatches to enable access to all accessories inside.
7. In case of a fireproof design, the cables connecting the actuator solenoid-operated
valve and position feedback shall be of the fire-resistant type, or of other fireproof
construction in accordance with IEC 60331-11.
3.5.4 Marking
3.5.4.1 Nameplate
1. Each actuator shall be provided with a nameplate that is riveted, or otherwise
permanently attached, to the equipment and located so that it is easily accessible.
 DEP 32.36.01.18-Gen.
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2. The nameplate shall:

a. Be marked in accordance with the requirements of Table 3 and Table 4,
respectively, of ISO 12490. Local regulatory requirements may specify
additional marking.
b. Have permanent and legible markings;
c. Not be mounted on a removable cover.
3. Measures shall be taken to avoid galvanic corrosion between the nameplate and the
actuator.
3.5.4.2 Marking of fail to safe direction
1. For spring return actuators, the direction of movement on loss of supply pressure shall
be clearly and permanently indicated in accordance with Figure 2 of EN 15714-2 and
Figure 3 of EN 15714-3.

4. ACTUATOR SIZING

4.1 TORQUE REQUIREMENTS AND SAFETY FACTORS

4.1.1 General
1. Torque requirements for an actuator depend on the type of application and on the type
of valve. In selecting an actuator to meet the valve torque requirements, the
Manufacturer shall take all factors into consideration to ensure that the actuator meets
the required torque/thrust output but is not significantly oversized.
2. Actuator selection shall be based on the valve Manufacturer’s “Long stand still” figures
for VSCT/VEOT, VRT, VRST, VNBT and MAST taking into account the operating
conditions and the fluid properties.
3. The actuator shall be sized such that it does not start moving the valve under spring
force towards the safe position at the minimum available pressure to supply. In other
words, the holding pressure shall be less than the minimum available pressure to
supply.
4. The actuator shall be sized such that it is able to move the valve against the spring
force towards the unsafe position at the normal available pressure to supply.
5. The actuator shall comply with all applicable requirements for the safety factors A, B, C
and D as listed in Table 3 such that it is not undersized at any point in its travel curve.
The sizing of the actuator torque shall include the friction or loss caused by any
coupling or linkage between the actuator and the valve.
6. For every valve/actuator combination proposed, a torque information summary list as
shown in Table 4 shall be completed by the Manufacturer and included in the proposal.

4.1.2 Scotch-yoke actuator torque requirements

The graphical representation in Figure 5 originates from WIB Guideline M 2789-X-11
Automated Block Valves (ABV) Assemblies Part I: Valve torque requirements and
shows an example of the relevant torque values of valve, spring and power cylinder of a
scotch-yoke actuator on a fail to close ball valves. Numbers and shape of curves used
are strictly indicative and may not fully represent the reality.
 DEP 32.36.01.18-Gen.
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Figure 5 Typical torque curves

4.1.2.1 Valve data
1. For ball valves, the maximum torque requirements to operate the valve shall be based
on a torque/thrust functional test as defined in ISO 14313 (API 6D) Appendix B6.
2. The Contractor shall specify the maximum differential pressure across the closed valve
which is one of the following:
a. The MOP of the piping system in which the valve will be installed.
b. The valve pressure rating per ANSI or DIN standards (i.e., around 2000 kPa
for a 150# rated valve).
3. This above applies to both fail-to-open and fail-to-close designs.
4. Values for valve torques defined in item 7 below shall be provided by the valve
Manufacturer taking into account correction factors, based on the process data
provided, for:
a. Operational effects (long stand still),
b. Fluid effects (sticking service, polymerisation, solids),
c. Process temperature effects.
5. The valve torque data is independent of the fail action of the application.
6. The torque values shall be provided without any additional, external safety factors.
7. Valve torque definitions
a. Valve Start-to-Close Torque (VSCT) required to start closing the valve with the
valve at its MOP and the valve cavity de-pressurised. This figure applies to fail
to close valves only. For fail to open valves use the Valve End-to-Open Torque
(VEOT) required to move the valve into its fully open position.
b. Valve Running Torque (VRT) required to move the valve from open to close or
vice versa.
 DEP 32.36.01.18-Gen.
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c. Valve Re-Seat Torque (VRST) required to move the valve into its fully closed
position; this includes friction of the wiping motion over the seal. No significant
dP is present across the valve since that has not had the time to fully develop.
A differential pressure as high as the specified maximum differential pressure
may develop in that position.
d. Valve Net Breakout Torque (VNBT) required to start opening the closed valve
under the maximum differential pressure.
e. Maximum Allowable Stem Torque (MAST), the maximum torque the valve can
withstand without damage or deformation.
4.1.2.2 Actuator data
1. Actuator data listed below shall be provided by the actuator Manufacturer.
The paragraph below aligns with Table 4. The numbering begins with ‘f’ and goes
to ‘n’.
f. Spring Start Torque (SST) provided at the start of travel with the spring
compressed with any residual pressure remaining in the power cylinder
caused, for instance, by a closed loop breathing configuration, where applied.
g. Spring Running Torque (SRT) provided by the spring force is the lowest torque
developed during travel with any residual pressure remaining in the power
cylinder.
h. Spring End Torque (SET) provided at the end of travel under spring action with
no air opposed.
i. Air Start Torque (AST) available at the start of travel (breakaway) at normal
available pressure to supply.
j. Air Running Torque (ART) available as a minimum during travel at normal
available pressure to supply.
k. Air End Torque (AET) available at end of travel at normal available pressure to
supply.
NOTE: AST, ART and AET shall also be provided at the maximum available
pressure to supply.
l. Maximum Air Torque (MAT) – The torque that the actuator can supply at the
maximum available pressure to supply against the fully compressed spring.
m. Maximum Spring Torque (MST) -– The torque that the actuator can supply
with no air opposed.
n. Maximum operating pressure (MOP) – The maximum pressure allowed on the
power cylinder of the actuator which also takes into account the mechanical
strength of the housing and connecting rods.
2. The actuator Manufacturer should provide the internal actuator displaced volume
(normal litres) for both directions in case of double acting actuators. The displaced
volume should include dead volume that is necessary for sizing pneumatic
accessories, which may be done by others.
4.1.2.3 Safety factors for ball and butterfly valves
1. Safety factor requirements for actuators will depend on the following aspects:
a. The type of application (General Service-, Protective or Special Protective
Application)
b. The type of valve (ball or triple offset butterfly valves)
c. The type of actuator (scotch-yoke, rack and pinion or vane)
2. The Contractor shall specify the minimum values for the Safety Factors A, B, C, and D
(defined below) in accordance with Table 3, which is based on scotch-yoke actuators
 DEP 32.36.01.18-Gen.
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and a fail to close application. For other types of actuators, such as rack and pinion
and vane-type Safety Factor B is not relevant since their torque curve is a straight line.
a. Start of travel Safety Factor A is SST/VSCT for a fail to close valve,
SST/VNBT for a fail to open valve.
b. Valve running Safety Factor B is SRT/VRT.
c. End of travel Safety Factor C is SET/VRST for a fail to close valve and
SET/VEOT for a fail to open valve.
d. Valve stem Safety Factor D is MAST/MST.

Table 3 Minimum safety factors for actuator sizing

Ball Valves Butterfly Valves

Application General Protective General Protective Special
Service Service Protective

SF-A 1.5 2 1.5 2 2.5

SF-B 1.25 1.5 1.25 1.5 1.75
SF-C 1.25 1.25 1.1 1.1 1.5
SF-D 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

3. For Protective Applications and for Special Protective Applications, Safety Factors A
and C SHALL [PS] be met, as a minimum.
4. Unless otherwise specified, the safety factors for butterfly valves listed in Table 3 are
based on the valve torques given by the valve Manufacturer based on the valve being:
a. Fail to close function;
b. Installed in the ‘flow from shaft side’ and
c. ‘Shut-off dP assisting to close’ position.
5. Higher torque values may be required when the valve function and orientation is
different.
Table 4 Torque information summary list

Actuator f) SST g) SRT h) SET i) AST m) MST

Valve a) VSCT b) VRT c) VRST d) VNBT e) MAST
Safety Factor SF A SF B SF C SF D

6. For every valve/actuator combination proposed, a torque information summary list as

shown in Table 4, shall be completed by the Supplier of the integrated valve assembly
as a spreadsheet and included in the proposal.
4.1.3 Rack and pinion actuator torque requirements
1. The torque output of the actuator, when operating in both the opening and closing
directions shall be at least 1.5 times the larger of the following:
a. Valve Start-To-Close Torque (VSCT)
b. Valve Net Breakout Torque (VNBT)
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4.2 OPERATING TIME

1. As a minimum the Contractor shall specify the maximum allowed operating time (A) to
move the valve to its fail safe position during the spring stroke. This time should be
based on the process safety time as defined in the Safety Requirement Specification
including any time delays in the measurement and logic solver. Optionally, the times B,
C and D may be specified as well.
Table 5 Operating times

Fail safe direction Non fail safe direction

(spring stroke) (air stroke)
Maximum allowed operating A (mandatory) C (optional)
time
Minimum allowed operating time B (optional) D (optional)

2. Unless otherwise specified, the default maximum allowed operating times are as
follows:
A: One second per inch of valve size towards the safe direction;
C: Five seconds per inch of valve size towards the non safe direction.
3. Minimum allowed operating times B and D are optional and usually not directly safety
related; they are process related. In case a minimum time is specified, the reason for
this time shall be indicated. The minimum allowed time shall not be higher than half the
maximum time.
4. Using the normal available pressure to supply, the actuator shall be capable of
opening the valve with the maximum operating pressure across the valve within the
opening time specified, and of closing the valve from the open position with maximum
operating pressure in the valve within the closing time specified.
5. The Manufacturer shall predict the operating times achievable with the pneumatic
accessories and the selected tubing size. These times will be validated during the
testing and inspection.
6. For multi-turn electrical actuators, the operating time shall be provided in revolutions
per minute (RPM).
7. For linear actuators, the operating time shall be provided in millimetres per second or
millimetres per minute (mm/sec or mm/min).
 DEP 32.36.01.18-Gen.
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5. PRODUCTION INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION AND TESTING

This DEP does not cover the inspection, certification and testing of the valve. Type
Approval Testing of actuators is covered in (9).

5.1 WITNESSING
1. The Principal shall specify if any of the inspections and tests are to be witnessed.
2. The witness will decide whether repetition of all or part of the production testing shall
be performed in case the specified criteria are not met.

5.2 SCOPE OF THE PRODUCTION TESTING

1. Each actuator assembly shall be tested and inspected in accordance with Table 6.
This Table is split into parts so that each test may be performed by a different party.
2. The Contractor shall indicate how the split of responsibilities for the test and inspection
requirements shall be.
3. The results of the tests and inspections shall be documented for each part and these
documents shall be shipped with the actuator to the end-user.

Table 6 Scope of production testing

Test / Inspection Actuator Application DEP Clause

GSA PA/SPA
On actuator components before
assembly
Pressure test M M 5.3.3.2
Piston seal test M M 5.3.3.3
On bare assembled actuator
Spring range test M M 5.4.3.1
100-Cycle full load test O M 5.4.3.2
Torque test O M 5.4.3.3
On automated actuator
Visual Inspection M M 5.5.2.1
Outline dimensional check M M 5.5.2.2
Functional test M M 5.5.3.2
Integrated valve assembly
Functional test M M 5.7.3.1
Performance and mechanical operation O M 5.7.3.2
test
Stall test O M 5.7.3.3
Operating time test M M 5.7.3.4
Safety factor validation test O C 5.7.3.5
M: Mandatory O: optional C: Conditional
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5.3 ACTUATOR COMPONENTS

5.3.1 General
1. Refer to Figure 6 of ISO 12490 for part number references of scotch-yoke actuators
and rack and pinion actuators.
2. The inspection, certification and testing of actuator components specified in this
section should be done before joining of the power cylinder, housing and spring
module.
5.3.2 Inspection and certification of actuator components
5.3.2.1 Pressure containing parts
1. The pressure containing parts covered by this Section are listed in (2.9.2).
2. The following inspection and certification requirements shall be met:
a. All testing and examination on pressure containing parts in accordance with
ISO 10474 Type 3.1.B or EN 10204 Type 3.1.
b. Visual examination in accordance with ASME Section V, Article 9.
c. Radiography or ultrasonic inspection as required by ASME B16.34.
i. Radiographic testing of castings in accordance with ASME B16.34-
2004, Appendix-I.
ii. Radiographic testing of welds in accordance with ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code, Section V, Article 2.
iii. Ultrasonic testing of plate in accordance with ASTM A388, ASTM A435
or ASTM A577, as applicable.
iv. Ultrasonic testing of castings in accordance with ASME B16.34-2004,
Appendix-IV.
v. Ultrasonic testing of welds in accordance with ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code, Section V, Article 4.
d. Magnetic particle or liquid penetrant testing of entire surface of pressure
containing parts.
i. Magnetic particle testing in accordance with ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code, Section V, Article 7.
ii. Liquid penetrant testing in accordance with ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code, Section V, Article 6. For stainless steel and CRA valves,
LP examination only after thorough cleaning per ASTM E165, A1.1.1.8.
3. For Protective Applications the following additional inspection and certification
requirements shall be met:
a. Parts traceable to source.
b. Casts radiographed in accordance with ASTM E94 and the radiographs
judged against ASTM E446.
c. Non-destructive examination (NDE) in accordance with the design code
selected in (2.6.1).
d. Acceptance criteria as specified in MSS SP54.
e. Welds non-destructively examined in accordance with ASME B31.3.
f. Ultrasonic examination performed in accordance with ASTM A609 on all parts.
The acceptance criterion shall be Quality Level 1. Where ultrasonic inspection
of complex shapes is difficult, the Manufacturer shall propose alternative
means for inspection, which shall require approval by the Principal.
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g. Magnetic particle examination in accordance with ASTM E709 or liquid

penetrant examination in accordance with ASTM E165 on the following. There
shall be no relevant indications:
i. Sealing areas within the actuator body;
ii. Steel parts and welds.
h. For volumetric defects, radiography shall be used.
5.3.2.2 Mechanically loaded parts
1. The pressure containing parts covered by this Section are listed in (2.9.3).
2. The following inspection and certification requirements shall be met:
a. Springs shall have ISO 10474 Type 3.1.B or EN 10204 Type 3.1 inspection
certificates.
b. Visual inspection of welds in accordance with ANSI/AWS D1.1/D.1.1M or an
equivalent standard.
c. If specified, welds on parts subjected to additional NDE. The NDE method and
acceptance criteria shall be selected by agreement. Final NDE activities shall
be conducted after heat treatment unless otherwise agreed.
3. For Protective Applications the following additional inspections and certifications are
required:
a. Parts traceable to source.
b. Casts 100 % radiographed in accordance with ASTM E94 and the radiographs
shall be judged against ASTM E446.
c. NDE in accordance with the design code selected in (2.6.1).
d. Acceptance criteria as specified in MSS SP54.
e. Welds non-destructively examined in accordance with ASME B31.3.
f. Ultrasonic examination in accordance with ASTM A609 on all steel parts. The
acceptance criterion shall be Quality Level 1. Where ultrasonic inspection of
complex shapes is difficult, the Manufacturer shall propose alternative means
for inspection which shall require approval by the Principal.
g. Magnetic particle examination in accordance with ASTM E709 or liquid
penetrant examination in accordance with ASTM E165 shall be performed on
the following. There shall be no relevant indications:
i. Sealing areas within the actuator body;
ii. The mounting boss of the actuator gearbox housing;
iii. Steel parts and welds.
h. For volumetric defects, radiography shall be used.
4. For all mechanically loaded parts, ISO 10474 Type 2.1 or EN 10204 Type 2.1
Certificates of Compliance with the Order shall be supplied, stating that the material
supplied conforms to the requirements and has been checked by random production
tests on the material supplied or on material from the same batch.
5. For all pressure containing and mechanically loaded parts shall have ISO 10474 Type
3.1.B or EN 10204 Type 3.1 inspection certificates.
6. The Manufacturer shall have a QA/QC program in place that makes all certificates
available for review by the Principal.
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5.3.3 Testing of actuator components

5.3.3.1 General
1. Only the power cylinder of scotch-yoke actuators requires testing before assembly
onto the housing.
5.3.3.2 Pressure test
1. The pressure test on the power cylinder of scotch-yoke actuators and on the housing
of rack and pinion actuators is a mandatory test for all pneumatic and hydraulic
actuators and shall be done in accordance with the design code selected in (2.6.1).
2. The pressure test shall be performed as described in clause 13.2 of ISO 12490.
5.3.3.3 Piston seal test
1. The piston seal test is a mandatory test for all pneumatic and hydraulic actuators. The
piston seal test shall be performed as described in clause 13.3 of ISO 12490.

5.4 BARE ASSEMBLED ACTUATOR

5.4.1 General
1. The actuator shall be assembled under clean conditions. No loose materials, swarf or
burrs shall be left in the actuator.
2. The inspection, certification and testing of the assembled actuator should be done
before fitting any accessories that are not an integral part of the actuator construction,
i.e., only those listed in (3.2).
5.4.2 Inspection and certification of bare actuator
1. The following certificates shall be issued by the Manufacturer:
a. ISO 10474, Type 2.1 or EN 10204 Type 2.1 Certificates of Compliance with
the Order stating that the actuator is of the type qualified by the Type Approval
Test.
b. ISO 10474 Type 3.1.B or EN 10204 Type 3.1 Inspection certificates for base
materials of pressure-containing parts and for the bare actuator declaring that
the products supplied are in compliance with the requirements of the order and
which includes test results of the parts actually supplied..
2. For Protective Applications, in addition to the above, ISO 10474 Type 2.1 or EN 10204
Type 2.1 Certificates of Compliance with the Order shall be provided.
5.4.3 Testing of bare assembled actuator
5.4.3.1 Spring range test (pneumatic and hydraulic)
1. The spring range test is a mandatory test to be performed on the bare actuator and
should be done without any automation and without any load. Provided the
Manufacturer can demonstrate the ability to predict the spring range values to within 3
%, this test is not required for General Service Applications.
2. The following pressures shall be determined with a calibrated pressure gauge with an
uncertainty of better than 1 % of full scale of no higher than 1200 kPa:
a. Pressure at start of spring compression stroke (Pa);
b. Pressure at end of spring compression stroke (Pb);
c. Pressure at start of spring relaxation stroke (Pb’);
d. Pressure at end of spring relaxation stroke (Pa’)
3. ISO 10474 Type 3.1.B or EN 10204 Type 3.1 Inspection certificates of the spring
range consisting of these four figures shall be provided declaring that the products
supplied are in compliance with the requirements of the order.
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5.4.3.2 100-cycle full load test

1. The 100-cycle full load test is optional for General Service Applications and mandatory
for Protective Applications. The test may also be performed after automation.
2. The actuator shall be mounted on a suitable rig equipped with facilities to simulate the
torque to the actuator drive coupling. The simulated full load shall be based on the
VNBT at the MOP of the valve.
5.4.3.3 Torque test
1. The torque test is optional for General Service Applications and mandatory for
Protective Applications. The test may also be performed after automation. It consists of
a 10 point static torque curve at 10 degrees interval measured three times before and
three times after the 100-cycle full load test.
2. The average torques values measured before and after the 100 cycle test shall be
within 5 %.

5.5 AUTOMATED ACTUATOR

5.5.1 General
1. The actuator shall be completely assembled and fitted with all its accessories (as
described in (3.3) and (3.4)), including the mounting kit but without having been
mounted on the valve.
5.5.2 Inspection and certification of automated actuator
5.5.2.1 Visual inspection
1. The visual inspection is mandatory for each automated actuator and includes as a
minimum:
a. Equipment, including paintwork, to be free from damage;
b. Actuator assembled as a single unit, complete with accessories;
c. Name plate verification;
d. Tag number verification on actuator, limit switches, solenoid-operated valve
and diagnostic positioner, as applicable;
e. Comparison of actuator and accessories with the specification.
2. ISO 10474 Type 2.1 or EN 10204 Type 2.1 Certificates of Compliance to the Order
shall be provided.
5.5.2.2 Outline dimensional check
1. The dimensional check is mandatory for each actuator.
2. All outline envelope dimensions of the actuator and its accessories shall be verified
against the Manufacturer's drawings within the tolerances given.
3. The Principal shall be notified immediately in case of any deviations which should be
marked on the outline dimensional drawing.
5.5.3 Testing of automated actuator
5.5.3.1 General
1. Testing of the automated actuator shall be performed at the normal available pressure
to supply, unless otherwise specified.
5.5.3.2 Functional test
1. The functional test is a mandatory test for each actuator and, as a minimum, consists
of checking the following:
a. No noticeable pneumatic leakage on actuator and accessories;
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b. Smooth stroking from open to close, controlled by the solenoid-operated valve;

c. Smooth stroking from close to open, controlled by the solenoid-operated valve;
d. Position indicator indicates position properly;
e. Limit switches switch are set at the required settings;
f. Diagnostic positioner or PST device, if fitted, communicates properly;
g. Actuator moves to fail safe position when solenoid-operated valve is de-
energized;
h. Actuator moves to fail safe position when pneumatic supply is bled.
2. The pull-in and dropout voltages of the solenoid-operated valve shall be determined.
a. For a nominal 24 VDC coil, a 17 – 19 V pull-in range will be adequate to
ensure the solenoid valve will energize properly under all field conditions.
b. A dropout voltage of 10 % of nominal voltage is acceptable. That means the
solenoid valve will be guaranteed to vent when the voltage drops below 2.4
VDC.
3. ISO 10474 Type 2.1 or EN 10204 Type 2.1 Certificates of Compliance to the Order
shall be provided

5.6 BARE VALVE

1. Some tests on the valve (e.g., pressure test, seat leakage test) may be combined with
the functional tests on the actuator.

5.7 INTEGRATED VALVE ASSEMBLY

5.7.1 General
1. Integrated valve assembly tests shall be done with the valve, mounting kit and actuator
fully assembled and fitted with all controls. The orientation of the actuator and the
valve stem shall be as specified.
2. Before the tests, the valve stem may be lightly lubricated. The valve packing shall be
completely assembled with the packing gland tightened as needed for the hydrostatic
test.
5.7.2 Inspection and certification of integrated valve assembly
1. The integrated valve assembly shall be supplied with an ISO 10474 Type 3.1.B or
EN 10204 Type 3.1 Inspection certificate declaring that the products supplied are in
compliance with the requirements of the order and includes test results of the
integrated valve assembly actually supplied.
5.7.3 Testing of integrated valve assembly
5.7.3.1 Functional test
1. The functional test is a mandatory test for each integrated valve assembly and as a
minimum, consists of checking the following:
a. Actuator moves the valve to the fail safe position when the solenoid-operated
valve is de-energized;
b. Actuator moves the valve to the fail safe position when the pneumatic supply
is bled;
c. Travel stops are set properly and are locked;
d. Correct setting of the bypass valve on the booster valve, when used.
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5.7.3.2 Performance and mechanical operation test

1. The performance and mechanical operation test is optional for General Service
Applications and mandatory for Protective Applications.
2. The requirements for this test are written based on actuators with a fail-to-close action
mounted on a ball valve blinded on both sides. For fail-to-open action, the conditions
are reversed.
3. This test consists of ten cycles as described in items 4, 5, 6 and 7 below. One cycle
consists of two strokes. Unless otherwise specified, the operating medium shall be at
the normal available pressure to supply.
4. The sequence for the first two cycles shall be as follows:
a. Valve is fully closed;
b. Pressurise inlet of valve to the maximum differential pressure;
c. Increase the pressure in the power cylinder and determine the pressure at
which the valve starts moving from the fully closed position (Pbreakaway) and the
pressure in the valve equalises;
d. Determine the pressure in the power cylinder at which the valve reaches the
fully open position (Pd);
e. Decrease the pressure in the power cylinder and determine the pressure at
which the valve starts moving from the fully open position (Pd’);
f. Determine the pressure in the power cylinder at which the valve has fully
closed again (Pc’);
g. Determine the pressure in the power cylinder at which the closed valve starts
moving from the fully closed position (Pc) when no differential pressure exists;
h. Close the valve again and return pressure in the valve cavity to atmospheric
pressure.
5. Calculate the averages of each of the pressures (Pbreakaway, Pd, Pd’, Pc’, Pc) determined
in the first two cycles.
6. After the first two cycles the valve shall be cycled at least six times, simulating the
emergency close action. The sequence for each cycle shall be:
a. Open valve fully by applying normal pressure to supply on the power cylinder;
b. Valve pressurised to maximum operating pressure;
c. Valve cavity depressurised to atmospheric;
d. Valve operated to closed position by simulating a trip (using the solenoid-
operated valve).
7. After the six emergency close actions, repeat the measurements done during the first
two cycles and calculate the averages of each of the pressures (Pbreakaway, Pd, Pd’, Pc’,
Pc). None of the five average pressures determined before and after the six
emergency close actions may differ by more than 3 %.
8. In case any of these averages differ by more than 3 %, repeat the test starting at
(5.7.3.2, item 4(a)).
9. For double acting actuators, the complete assembly shall be tested for fail-to-close
valve actuator assemblies, but, in addition, also operated from the closed to the open
position six times as described in (5.7.3 item 6).
5.7.3.3 Stall test
1. The stall test is optional for General Service Applications and mandatory for fail to
close valves used on Protective Applications.
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2. The stall test shall demonstrate that, with the valve held in a fixed position, the
maximum spring torque (MST) that occurs at the spring start position does not deform
or damage the stem, mounting kit and coupling.
3. The stall test applies to ball valves only.
4. The stall test is done by blocking movement of the valve from its fully open position by
inserting a test plug into the valve.
a. To ensure the inside of the valve and its sealing areas are not damaged the
test plug shall be of a malleable material “softer” than the relevant valve
components that will be in contact with the test plug.
b. To prevent deformation of the valve, the test plug dimension shall fit the
curvature of the internal bore of the valve resulting in an even distribution of
force throughout the valves components.
c. Due care must be taken to ensure personal safety when performing the stall
test.
5. Prior to beginning the stall test, using paint pen, mark the interface flanges between
the actuator and the mounting kit and between the mounting kit and the valve. Verify
angular alignment between the centreline of the valve and centreline of the actuator
(either 0 degrees or 90 degrees).
6. Procedure for the stall test shall be as follows:
a. Open the valve fully by applying pressure to the power cylinder;
b. Verify that the ball is aligned with the body and that the valve is fully open.
c. Insert the test plug into the valve bore;
d. Depressurise the power cylinder through the solenoid-operated valve, the
valve will move slightly until the plug stops further movement;
e. Check the alignment of the markings between the actuator, mounting kit and
valve, verify angular alignment between actuator and valve centrelines;
f. Apply pressure to the power cylinder, remove the test plug;
g. Depressurise the power cylinder, allow valve to close fully;
h. Open the valve fully by applying pressure to the power cylinder;
i. Verify the ball is still aligned with the body and that the valve is fully open;
j. Depressurise the power cylinder, allow valve to close fully;
k. Check alignment of the markings between the actuator, mounting kit and
valve, verify angular alignment between actuator and valve.
7. No permanent change in alignment of actuator, mounting kit and valve ball and body is
allowed.
5.7.3.4 Operating time test
1. An operating time test from open to closed shall be performed on the integrated valve
assembly at normal available pressure to supply using the solenoid valve to control the
position.
2. The operating time test from closed to open position shall be carried out at the MOP
and maximum differential pressure specified for the valve.
3. In case a maximum operating time in the fail-safe direction is specified, the operating
time reported should include the response time of the solenoid-operated valve and the
pneumatic accessories as well as the dead depressurising time of the actuator.
4. In cases where a minimum Operating time is also specified, the actual valve travel
time shall also be measured (i.e., excluding the dead depressurising time of the
actuator).
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5.7.3.5 Safety factor validation test

1. The safety factor validation test as described in (Appendix A) is optional for General
Service Applications and Conditional for Protective Applications.
2. The safety factor validation test is not required when the following conditions are being
met:
a. The valve Manufacturer’s torque values as specified in (4.1.1, item 2) have
been determined on the valve actually being supplied and a documented
factor has been included to take the operating conditions and fluid properties
into account, and
b. The actuator torque test as described in (5.4.3.3) has been determined on the
actuator actually supplied.
3. In all other cases, the safety factor validation test as described in (Appendix A) shall be
performed and an ISO 10474 Type 3.1.B or EN 10204 Type 3.1 Inspection certificate
shall be provided, declaring that the products supplied are in compliance with the
requirements of the order and includes test results of the integrated valve assembly
actually supplied.

6. DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS
1. In addition to the documentation required as listed in clause 8 of EN 15714-2,
EN 15714-3 and EN 15714-4, the following documentation should be provided:
Table 7 List of documentation

Documentation Electric Pneumatic Hydraulic

GSA/PA GSA/PA
Transport and storage instructions X X X
Installation, commissioning, operating and X X X
maintenance instructions
Mandatory documentation X X X
Pneumatic/hydraulic schematic X X
Electric wiring diagram of accessories X X
Wiring diagram X
Single line diagram X
Termination diagram X
Interconnection of terminal strips and circuit boards X
The following are optional
Operating and maintenance manuals X X X
Assembly and disassembly procedures X X X
List of recommended spare parts X X X
Itemized spare parts list X X X
Production testing and inspection certificates X X X
Lubrication requirements X X X
Certified outline dimensional drawings X X X
Packaged weight X X X
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7. PRESERVATION, HANDLING AND PACKAGING

7.1 ACTUATOR
1. Actuators shall be protected and packed in such a way as to prevent damage during
transportation and storage. Protection shall be capable of outdoor storage for at least
one year.
2. All pneumatic and electric ports shall be blanked off to protect the internals, seal
surface and threads. This includes exhaust of solenoid valves and silencers. Plastic
bags tied around components are not acceptable. Exhaust tubes and silencers may be
removed and packed separately in order to allow proper blanking off the exhaust ports.
3. Actuators shipped with mounting kit and stem extensions but without a valve shall
have the annular space of the mounting kit closed with a protective cover. The stem
extension with all required fasteners, keys and dowel pins shall be secured to the
actuator housing in a weather-protected packing.

7.2 VALVES
1. Flange faces of valves shall be protected. Protective covers shall be made of wood,
wood fibre, plastic or metal and shall be securely attached to the surface to be
protected by bolting, steel straps, steel clips or suitable friction-locking devices. The
design of the covers shall prevent the valve from being installed unless the covers
have been removed.
2. The stuffing box of valves with graphite-based packing shall be protected against the
ingress of water.

8. PROCUREMENT – SUPPORTING INFORMATION

8.1 INFORMATION TO BE SUBMITTED WITH THE REQUISITION

1. In the requisition, the Contractor shall provide the following information for each
pneumatic actuator as a minimum (details regarding electric and hydraulic actuators
are not specifically covered in this Section). Use should be made of the
Data/Requisition sheet for on-off valve, DEP 32.36.11.97-Gen.)

Section Information
All data required to specify the valve (including data that are not covered in this
DEP).
2 Type of actuator service (General Service / Protective Applications), Valve tag
number, movement, type, configuration, action on loss of supply energy, design,
tag number of accessories.
2.3.2 Details of operating medium other than compressed air and compatible materials.
2.3.3 Air quality other than ISO 8573-1:2010 6-2-3.
2.3.4, Pneumatic supply: minimum, normal and maximum pressure, and relief valve
2.5.3 pressure.
2.4.2 For electrical actuators: Voltage, phase, frequency, variations thereof, number of
starts per hour.
2.5.1 For hydraulic actuators: Type of hydraulic fluid used.
2.6.3 Actuator valve attachment flange size per ISO 5210 / ISO 5211.
2.6.5 Service limits prior to replacement.
2.7.1 Climate type per IEC 60721-2-1.
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Section Information
2.7.2 Corrosion category other than C5-M per ISO 12944-2, non-standard paint
specification and RAL colour.
2.7.4 Area classification, Gas Group, Temperature Class IEC 60079
2.7.4 Preferred method of protection for accessories (limit switches, solenoid-operated
valves, diagnostic positioners, etc.) IEC 60079.
2.7.6 Anticipated orientation of the actuator and valve.
2.8.1, Any requirements for in-situ servicing and replacement.
2.8.3.3
3.1 Instrument power supply voltage (for solenoid-operated valve and limit switches).
3.3.1.2 The type of solenoid-operated valve (and list approved makes and types) and tag
number.
3.3.1.4.1 Partial stroke testing method.
3.3.2.1 Requirement for position feedback (and list approved makes and types) and tag
numbers.
3.4.1 Make, material and type of compression fittings and tubing.
3.4.2 Requirement for and type of speed controlling mechanisms.
3.4.5 Requirement for pressure gauges and measurement points.
3.5.1 Indicate which accessories shall be mounted separately on a plate.
3.5.3 Specify fire-safe requirements and whether or not it is in scope.
4.1.2.1 Maximum differential pressure across the closed valve.
4.1.2.3 Specify minimum value of Safety Factors A, B, C, and D.
4.2 Required max and min closing and opening times.
5.2 Specify the production testing and inspection requirements.

8.2 INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED BY THE MANUFACTURER/SUPPLIER

1. The information below shall be submitted by the Manufacturer for each actuator.

Section Information
2.2.2 Select materials and lubricants compatible for gas other than compressed
air.
2.6.1 Select actuator design code.
2.6.2 Specify design pressure and maximum rated pressure of power cylinder.
2.7.2 Indicate standard colour and paint specification.
2.8.2 Indicate whether special arrangements for the actuator are required.
2.8.1 Anti-corrosion measures applied inside spring can
2.9.3.6? Propose suitable seal materials.
3.4.2 Any speed controlling mechanisms indicating make and type (automated
actuators only).
3.4.1? Propose tubing diameter.
3.4.4 Indicate requirements for air filter or liquid catch pots.
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Section Information
4.1.2.3 Complete the torque information summary list in Table 4.
4.1.2.2, item 2 Provide displaced volume of actuator.
4.2 Achievable max and min Operating times at the valve process conditions
and the supply pressure range and environmental conditions.

9. TYPE APPROVAL TESTING

9.1 GENERAL
1. The type tests shall:
a. Correspond to all design requirements stated in Clause 4 of EN 15714-2,
EN 15714-3 and EN 15714-4;
b. Be carried out on actuators that are representative of the current production;
c. Have the results recorded in a test report, detailing the type, quantity and sizes
of the actuators tested and the test equipment and measuring devices used;
d. Be carried out by the Manufacturer/Suppliers, or by a competent testing
institute;
e. Be documented as a type approval test and retained by the
Manufacturer/Supplier as evidence of compliance.
2. When seeking type approval, the Manufacturer shall submit the following:
a. Test records that demonstrate that the tests below have been successfully
passed;
b. Evidence of independent witnessing of the tests;
c. A certificate of independent design review;
d. Evidence of the spring fatigue life.
3. In the event that the Manufacturer makes any changes to the approved model, the
type approval becomes void and the item shall be retested.

9.2 QUALIFICATION RANGE

1. To qualify a range of actuators of the same design principle and of the same type,
configuration and design, manufactured under the same process, and from the same
or equivalent materials, the type tests may be carried out on a limited number of
representative sizes by applying the following rules:
a. When an actuator having a nominal output torque/thrust “x” is qualified, all
actuators having nominal output torques/thrust between 50 % x and 200 % x
[x/2 or 2x] are considered qualified.
b. The appropriate type tests shall be repeated when the design or the
production process have been modified, which could affect the functional
performances.

9.3 SCOPE OF THE TYPE TESTING

1. The type test specified in this section applies only to pneumatic, single acting, spring
return actuators, of the scotch-yoke design, and which are not intended for subsea
use. The type test may be used for other types of actuators but the acceptance criteria
should be modified accordingly and by agreement.
2. For Protective Applications, actuators shall be designed and fabricated such that their
minimum endurance conforms to the following:
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a. EN 15714-2 (2009) Table 2 for electrical actuators;

b. EN 15714-3 (2009) Table 1 for pneumatic actuators;
c. EN 15714-4 (2009) Table 2 for hydraulic actuators.
3. Type test shall be performed in accordance with the test procedure specified in
Annex A of the above-mentioned standards. The figures mentioned for the acceptable
difference between the results achieved before and after the endurance test cycles
include an estimated 3 % random uncertainty caused by the measuring instruments.

9.4 PRE AND POST TEST INSPECTIONS

9.4.1 General
In addition to Annex A clause 4 of the above-mentioned standards, the tests and
inspections specified in this Section shall be performed as part of the type test.
9.4.2 Initial tests and inspections
9.4.2.1 Spring inspection
1. Spring inspection shall be done before installation of the spring(s) in the spring can. In
case multiple springs are used, the inspection shall be performed on each individual
spring.
2. Spring inspection shall be comprised of the following:
a. Visually inspect the spring for uniformity of pitch, coil diameter, straightness,
free length, and coil ends.
b. Perform liquid penetrant or magnetic particle examination on the entire surface
of the spring.
c. Measure the spring loads at the operational working lengths in both the open
and closed positions.
d. Compress the spring to the solid length (scragging) for 10 operations.
Sufficient time shall be allowed after each compression to allow the spring to
cool down.
e. Repeat the spring load measurements after the 10 compressions.
3. The spring loads measured before and after the 10 compressions shall not differ by
more than 7 %.
9.4.2.2 Assembled spring can
1. With a spring assembled in the spring can, determine the spring load at the operational
working lengths in the open and closed position for 20 strokes.
One stroke is one movement from the fully closed position to the fully open
position, or vice versa.
2. Calculate the average spring load at the fully closed and the fully open position.
9.4.2.3 Initial functional test (with spring can attached to actuator)
1. A functional test under no load conditions is required to verify that the actuator is
operating smoothly with no evidence of stick-slip or mechanical restraint.
2. The actuator shall be mounted in a position to permit measurements at the following
locations before and after maximum rated pressure is applied:
a. Axial deflections at the output shaft and indicator position;
b. Radial clearance/concentricity at the output shaft;
c. Rotational creep at both travel stops.
d. The local indicator moves with the actuator and its orientation conforms to the
design philosophy.
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3. Record the actual angle of rotation. After the 20 strokes, the position of the actuator
shall be within ± 0.25° at both open and closed positions.

9.4.3 Power cylinder pressure tests

9.4.3.1 General
1. Power cylinder pressure tests specified in this Section shall be done whilst the power
cylinder is connected to the actuator housing.
9.4.3.2 Power cylinder leakage test
1. Power cylinder leakage test shall be comprised of the following:
a. Connect the pneumatic supply system to the opening and closing ports.
b. Increase the pressure to the design pressure.
c. Pressurise the entire cylinder (both sides of the piston).
d. Block the opening and closing ports and remove the supply pressure for a
minimum of six hours.
e. Record the cylinder pressure for the test duration
f. Inspect the actuator for signs of leakage, either internal or external, using
soapy water.
9.4.3.3 Piston leakage test
1. Piston leakage test shall be comprised of the following:
a. Apply the maximum operating pressure to the opening port of the cylinder with
the other port open to atmosphere.
b. Block the opening port and remove the supply pressure for a minimum of 6
hours.
c. Record the cylinder pressure for the test duration
d. Inspect the actuator for signs of leakage using soapy water.
2. The test shall be repeated with the pressure applied to the closing port of the cylinder.

9.4.4 Housing pressure test

1. Housing pressure test shall be comprised of the following:
a. Remove any relief valves, plugs, pressure compensating valves or similar
fittings from the housing and replace with blanks.
b. Connect the pneumatic supply system to that port of the cylinder which is at
the side of the housing.
c. Increase the pressure to the design pressure.
d. Block the port and remove the supply pressure for a minimum of six hours.
e. Record the cylinder and housing pressures for the test duration
f. Inspect the actuator for signs of leakage using soapy water.

9.4.5 Initial performance test

1. Initial performance test shall be carried out at 60 % of the maximum rated pressure as
defined in ISO 12490 clause 4.18.
2. At ambient temperature, measure and record the static torque of the actuator in both
directions over the full torque curve with a minimum of 10 points at 10 degrees interval.
3. The torque shall be measured directly on the output shaft.
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4. In addition, by gradually lowering the applied pressure, determine the holding pressure
(minimum pressure required to keep the actuator in the 'spring compressed' state).
9.4.6 Operational test under load
1. The operating time and the number of cycles shall be in accordance with Table 1 of
EN 15714-3.
9.4.7 Performance test after operational test
1. Measure the initial 10-point torque curve test at the same pressure and at
approximately the same temperature used in (9.4.5).
2. Determine the holding pressure as described in (9.4.5, item 4).
3. No points of the torque curve measured shall differ from initial points measured by
more than 10 %.
4. The holding pressure measured in shall not differ from the initial holding pressure
determined by more than 10 %.
9.4.8 Compressed spring test
1. Operate the actuator for one stroke leaving the actuator in the position that fully
compresses the spring. Leave the actuator in that position for 2 weeks.
2. Measure the 10-point torque curve as described in (9.4.7, item 1). No points of the
torque curve measured shall differ from the points measured initially by more than 5 %.
3. Determine the holding pressure as described in (9.4.7, item 4). This holding pressure
shall not differ from the initial holding pressure by more than 5 %.
9.4.9 Performance test after compressed spring test
1. Measure the 10-point torque curve as described in (9.4.5) at maximum operating
pressure and at approximately the same temperature used in the initial test.
2. No points of this torque curve measured shall differ from the initial points by more than
5 %.
9.4.10 Repeat pressure tests
1. Repeat the power cylinder and housing pressure tests described in (9.4.3) and (9.4.4).
2. The pressure changes recorded shall not differ by more than 5 % from those recorded
initially.
9.4.11 Repeat initial tests
1. Repeat the functional tests and measurements as described in (9.4.2.3). The angle of
rotation shall not differ by more than 0.5 % from the initial measurements.
9.4.12 Post-test inspection and assessment
9.4.12.1 Strip-down inspection
1. On completion of the testing, the actuator, including the spring can, shall be stripped
down. All parts shall be inspected and the following shall be assessed:
a. Review the spring can disassembly procedure for safety aspects;
b. Inspect the travel stops to ensure that they have not deformed or moved and
that they are still adjustable;
c. Verify that no rubbing, scraping or buckling of the spring has occurred;
d. Verify that no cracking, lifting, scoring or other damage on the power cylinder
bore is evident;
e. Verify that critical component tolerances are still within the Manufacturer's
production tolerances;
f. Examine the condition of oil and lubricants for contamination and deterioration;
 DEP 32.36.01.18-Gen.
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g. Examine visually the spring for uniformity of the coil pitch, and inspect the total
surface of the spring by dye-penetrant examination.
9.4.13 Spring load
1. Repeat the spring load measurement as described in (9.4.2.2) and calculate the
average spring load at fully closed and fully open position.
2. The averages determined in shall not differ by more than 7 % from the averages
determined at the initial test.
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10. REFERENCES
In this DEP, reference is made to the following publications:
NOTES: 1. Unless specifically designated by date, the latest edition of each publication shall be used,
together with any amendments/supplements/revisions thereto.
2. The DEPs and most referenced external standards are available to Shell staff on the SWW (Shell
Wide Web) at http://sww.shell.com/standards/.

SHELL STANDARDS
DEP feedback form DEP 00.00.05.80-Gen.
Definition of temperature, pressure and toxicity levels DEP 01.00.01.30-Gen.
Quarter-turn actuators for on/off valves DEP 31.40.70.30-Gen.
Data/requisition sheet for on-off Valve DEP 32.36.11.97-Gen.
Shell HSSE & SP Control Framework, Design Engineering Manual DEM1
(DEM) 1 – Application of Technical Standards
http://sww.manuals.shell.com/HSSE/

STANDARD DRAWINGS
Q/T actuator S/A with SOV and speed control type A S 36.431
Q/T actuator S/A with SOV and speed control type B S 36.432
Q/T actuator S/A with SOV and speed control type C S 36.441
Q/T actuator S/A with SOV and speed control type D S 36.442
Q/T actuator with closed system S 36.601
Secure instrument air typical S 36.701
Orientation of actuator, Q/T actuators S 36.803

AMERICAN STANDARDS
Specification for pipeline valves API SPEC 6D
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section V - Nondestructive ASME BPVC SEC V
Examination
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1 - ASME BPVC SEC VIII-1
Rules for construction of pressure vessels
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 2 – ASME BPVC SEC VIII-2
Alternative rules for construction of pressure vessels
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX - Qualification ASME BPVC SEC IX
standard for welding, brazing and fusing procedures; welders;
brazers; and welding, brazing, and fusing operators
Valves – Flanged, threaded, and welding end ASME B16.34
Process piping – Includes interpretation 23 ASME B31.3
Standard specification for alloy-steel and stainless steel bolting for ASTM A193
high temperature or high pressure service and other special purpose
applications
Standard specification for carbon and alloy steel nuts for bolts for ASTM A194
high pressure and high temperature service, or both
Standard practice for ultrasonic examination of steel forgings ASTM A388
Standard specification for straight-beam ultrasonic examination of ASTM A435
steel plates
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Standard specification for ultrasonic angle-beam examination of steel ASTM A577

plates
Standard practice for castings, carbon, low-alloy, and martensitic ASTM A609
stainless steel, ultrasonic examination thereof
Standard guide for radiographic examination ASTM E94
Standard practice for liquid penetrant examination for general ASTM E165
industry
Standard reference radiographs for steel castings up to 2 in ASTM E446
(50.8 mm) in thickness
Standard guide for magnetic particle testing ASTM E709
Structural welding code – Steel AWS D1.1
Quality standard for steel castings and forgings for valves, flanges, MSS SP54
and fittings and other piping components – Radiographic examination
method
Part-turn valve actuator attachment flange and driving component MSS SP101
dimensions and performance characteristics
Multi-turn valve actuator attachment flange and driving component MSS SP102
dimensions and performance characteristics
Issued by: MSS - Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings
Industry.

BRITISH STANDARDS
Specification for unfired fusion welded pressure vessels BSI PD 5500

GERMAN STANDARDS
Non-contacting initiators and amplifiers NAMUR NA 01
Mounting of solenoid valves to swivel drives NAMUR NA 19
Issued by: NAMUR (Standard Working Group for Measuring and Automatic Control in
the Chemical Industry)

EUROPEAN STANDARDS
Qualification test of welders – Fusion welding – Part 1: Steels EN 287-1
Metallic products – Types of inspection documents EN 10204
Industrial valves – Method for sizing the operating element EN 12570
Non-electrical equipment for use in potentially explosive atmospheres EN 13463-1
- Part 1: Basic method and requirements
Unfired pressure vessels EN 13445
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 3: Design EN 13445-3
Cylindrical helical springs made from round wire and bar - Calculation EN 13906-1
and design - Part 1 Compression springs
Industrial valves – Actuators – Part 2: Electric actuators for industrial EN 15714-2
valves – Basic requirements
Industrial valves – Actuators – Part 3: Pneumatic part-turn actuators EN 15714-3
for industrial valves – Basic requirements
Industrial valves – Actuators – Part 4: Hydraulic part-turn actuators EN 15714-4
for industrial valves – Basic requirements
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
Rotating electrical machines – Part 1: Rating and performance – IEC 60034-1
Edition 12.0
Electrical apparatus for explosive atmospheres – Part 0: General IEC 60079-0
requirements - Edition 6.0
Tests for electric cables under fire conditions – Circuit integrity – IEC 60331-11
Part 11: Apparatus – Fire alone at a flame temperature of at least
750 degree C – Edition 1.1; Consolidated Reprint
Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP codes) IEC 60529
Industrial-process measurement and control equipment - Operating IEC 60654-1
conditions – Part 1: Climatic conditions
Classification of environmental conditions - Part 2-1: Environmental IEC 60721-2-1
conditions appearing in nature – Temperature and humidity
Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3: Classification of IEC 60721-3
groups of environmental parameters and their severities -
Introduction
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 5-2: Control circuit IEC 60947-5-2
devices and switching elements – Proximity switches - Edition 3.1;
Consolidated Reprint
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 5-6: Control circuit IEC 60947-5-6
devices and switching elements – DC interface for proximity sensors
and switching amplifiers (NAMUR)
Reed switches – Part 1: Generic specification IEC 62246
Hydraulic fluid power - Fluids – Method for coding the level of ISO 4406
contamination by solid particles
Industrial valves – Multi-turn valve actuator attachments ISO 5210
Industrial valves – Part-turn valve actuator attachments ISO 5211
Pneumatic fluid power - Five-port directional control valves - Part 2: ISO 5599-2
Mounting interface surfaces with optional electrical connector
Compressed air – Part 1 Contaminants and purity classes ISO 8573-1:2010
Qualification testing of welders – Fusion welding - Part 1: Steels ISO 9606-1
Steel and steel products – Inspection documents ISO 10474
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Mechanical integrity and ISO 12490
sizing of actuators and mounting kits for pipeline valves
Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by ISO 12944-2
protective paint systems - Part 2: Classification of environments
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Pipeline transportation ISO 14313
systems – Pipeline valves
Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic ISO 15607
materials – General rules
Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic ISO 15609
materials — Welding procedure specification
Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic ISO 15614-1
materials — Welding procedure test — Part 1: Arc and gas welding
of steels and arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys
 DEP 32.36.01.18-Gen.
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Automated Block Valves (ABV) Assemblies Part I: Valve torque WIB Guideline
requirements M 2789-X-11
Issued by: WIB-International Instrument Users’ Association
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APPENDIX A SAFETY FACTOR VALIDATION

1. A safety factor validation is required when incomplete data is available regarding the
torque requirements of the valve and the torque capabilities of the actuator.

2. As part of the testing of the bare assembled actuator (5.4.3.1) the actuator
Manufacturer shall determine the following pressures directly on the power cylinder:
a. Pressure at start of spring compression stroke (Pa);
b. Pressure at end of spring compression stroke (Pb);
c. Pressure at start of spring relaxation stroke (Pb’);
d. Pressure at end of spring relaxation stroke (Pa’)
3. After integration of the automated actuator and the valve, the following pressures shall
be determined directly on the power cylinder of the actuator:
a. The pressure at which the valve starts opening (Pc, start of spring
compression stroke with no pressure differential across the valve and no
internal pressure)
b. The pressure at which the valve is fully opened (Pd, end of spring
compression stroke)
c. The pressure at which the valve starts closing, this is the holding pressure
(Pd’, start of spring stroke)
d. The pressure at which the valve is fully closed again (Pc’, end of spring stroke)
4. Measuring of these pressures will require connection of a pressure regulator and a
calibrated pressure gauge with an uncertainty of better than 1 % of full scale of no
higher than 1200 kPa.
5. Safety factor A is defined as the ratio between the force required to move the valve
from its open position and the force available by the actuator spring at the beginning of
its stroke.
SF-A can be calculated using the following equation:
SF-A = 2Pb’
(Pd-Pd’-Pa+Pa’)
6. Safety factor C is defined as the ratio between the force required to fully reseat to
close the valve and the force available by the actuator spring at the end of its stroke.
SF-C can be calculated using the following equation:
SF-C = 2Pa’ ____
(Pc-Pc’-Pa+Pa’)
7. The safety factor validation report shall include all pressures used in the calculation as
well as the result of the calculation.