Related Studies

The role of a pharmacists is very important due to their access to primary care patients and expertise.
For this reason, the interaction level between pharmacists and patients should be optimized to ensure enhanced
delivery of pharmacy services.
The perception of the range of roles played by professional pharmacists is influenced by numerous
determinants, both health-related and social. In Poland and other Central European countries, an important role
is also played by the socioeconomic transformations of the last century. In the period before the Second World
War, a pharmacist running a private, usually family-managed, pharmacy served as a local authority and health
advisor for many members of the immediate community. In the post-war communist administrations, the
nationalization of pharmacies and mechanisms of the socialist economy (in 1951) changed the professional and
social circumstances of pharmacists, who became employees of centrally-managed state pharmacies. Their role
was limited to the ‘distribution’ and dispensing of medications prescribed by doctors. Losing their decisive role
in pharmacy management and doctors’ dominance of the treatment process weakened pharmacists’ aspirations
to describe themselves as a professional group, contributing to their occupation’s social devaluation. The re-
privatization of pharmacies after Poland’s political transformation in the 1990s again changed the occupation of
pharmacist’s conditions and range of responsibilities, allowing pharmacists more professional autonomy and
opportunities to re-establish their standing among other medical occupations. A 2018 amendment to Polish
pharmaceutical law, stipulating that a pharmacy can only be owned by a pharmacist, led to this occupation
‘coming full circle’: From chemist and owner of a pre-war pharmacy, to an employee of a state pharmacy in a
socialist economy, and finally, a pharmacist-owner of a pharmacy in modern Poland.
Community pharmacists are the most accessible healthcare professionals to public to have their
medication and advice about their health condition. Community pharmacy practice differs from one country to
another (Eades et al., 2011). The successful international model of community pharmacy, which allow
pharmacists to provide drug-related services in addition to several clinical services, is not yet implemented in
many developing countries (Roberts, 2006, Moullin, 2013, Al-Tannir, 2016). In some of these countries, the
current model is mainly limited to selling medications and cosmetics to costumers (Al-Tannir, 2016, Bawazir,
2004). Therefore, many pharmaceutical care opportunities are missing due to this model (Bawazir, 2004).
Providing a pharmacist with the education and training is essential to success of this model (Christensen and
Farris, 2006).
In 2014, health care spending in the United States was three trillion dollars and represented 17.5% of the
gross domestic product.1 There are nearly 300,000 pharmacists in the United States, and as the profession
continues to evolve, the role that pharmacists play in the health care system is also evolving. Health care has
shifted to a model of quality care for less cost, as a result of not only legislative action but also an increased
emphasis on positive patient outcomes, while also dealing with an overall shortage of health care providers.
This has provided community pharmacists, who were already highly accessible to patients, an opportunity to
become more than medication dispensers. The impact pharmacists can have on patient care can be measured not
only by clinical outcomes but also by patient satisfaction with the service. This review sought to analyze the
available literature on community pharmacy services not only to identify and evaluate what pharmacies are
currently doing well to provide patient satisfaction but also to identify opportunities to improve as a profession.
Refence/s:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6695868/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319016420300256
https://www.dovepress.com/review-of-community-pharmacy-services-what-is-being-performed-and-wher-peer-
reviewed-fulltext-article-IPRP