2/6/2014 Bal Thackeray - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bal Thackeray
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bal Keshav Thackeray (IPA: [ʈʰakəɾe]; 23 January

1926 – 17 November 2012) was an Indian politician who Bal Keshav Thackeray
founded the Shiv Sena, a right-wing Marathi ethnocentric
party active mainly in the western India's Maharashtra.
His followers called him the Hindu Hriday Samraat
("Emperor of Hindu Hearts").[2]

Thackeray began his professional career as a cartoonist

with the English language daily The Free Press Journal in
Mumbai, but left it in 1960 to form his own political
weekly Marmik.[citation needed] His political philosophy
was largely shaped by his father Keshav Sitaram
Thackeray, a leading figure in the Samyukta
Maharashtra movement (United Maharashtra Founder and Pramukh (Chief) of the Shiv Sena
movement), which advocated the creation of a separate In office
linguistic state of Maharashtra. Through Marmik, he 19 July 1966 - 17 November 2012
campaigned against the growing influence of non-Marathis
Preceded by Position created
in Mumbai.[3] In 1966, Thackeray formed the Shiv Sena
party to advocate the place of Maharashtrians in Succeeded by Uddhav Thackeray
Mumbai's political and professional landscape. In the late Personal details
1960s and early 1970s, Thackeray built the party by
Born 23 January 1926
forming temporary alliances with nearly all of
Pune, Bombay Presidency, British
Maharashtra's political parties.[4] Thackeray was also the
India
founder of the Marathi-language newspaper Saamana
and the Hindi-language newspaper Dopahar ka (now in Maharashtra, India)
saamana.[5] He was the subject of numerous Died 17 November 2012 (aged 86)
controversies.[4] Upon his death, he was accorded a state Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
funeral with a large number of mourners present. Political Shiv Sena
party
Spouse(s) Mina Thackeray
Contents Children Bindumadhav Thackeray
Jaidev Thackeray
1 Early and personal life
Uddhav Thackeray[1]
2 Early career
3 Politics Residence Mumbai
3.1 Factionalism
4 Issues and actions
4.1 Accusations of xenophobia
5 Death
6 Cultural references
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links

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Early and personal life

Thackeray was born in the city of Pune on 23 January 1926[6] [7] and was the son of Keshav Sitaram
Thackeray (also known as 'Prabodhankar' Thackeray).[8] His family belonged to the Marathi Chandraseniya
Kayastha Prabhu (CKP) community.[9] Keshav Thackeray was a progressive social activist and writer who was
involved with the Samyukta Maharashtra Chalwal (literally, United Maharashtra Movement) in the 1950s,
arguing for Maharashtra to become an independent Marathi-speaking state with Mumbai as its capital. His
father was said to have supported the use of strategic violence and the reason his father left the movement was
his stance against communists. This is said to have inspired Thackeray and his foundations for his party.

Thackeray was married to Meena Thackeray and had three sons, Bindumadhav Thackeray, Jaidev Thackeray
and Uddhav Thackeray.[10] Meena and Bindumadhav died in 1996.[11]

Early career
Thackeray started his career as a cartoonist in the Free Press Journal in Mumbai. His cartoons were also
published in the Sunday edition of The Times of India. In 1960, he launched a cartoon weekly Marmik with his
brother. He used it to campaign against the growing numbers and influence of non-Marathi people in Mumbai,
targeting Gujaratis and South Indians.[12] After Thackeray's differences with the Free Press Journal, he and
four or five people, including George Fernandes, left the paper and started their own daily News Day. The
paper survived for one or two months.[13]

Politics
He formed the Shiv Sena on 19 June 1966 with the intent of fighting for the rights of the natives of the state of
Maharashtra. The Party grew in power when in the early 1970s he was joined by senior leaders such as Marathi
Literature Historian Babasaheb Purandare, Chief Attorney for Trade Union of Maharashtra Madhav Mehere as
a party Attorney and experienced Trade Union Chartered Accountant Madhav Deshpande to back him up for
various aspects of the party operations.[14] The early objective of the Shiv Sena was to ensure job security for
Maharashtrians competing against immigrants from southern India, Gujaratis and Marwaris. In 1989, the Sena's
newspaper Saamna was launched.[15]

Politically, the Shiv Sena was anti-communist and wrested control of trade unions in Mumbai from the
Communist Party of India. It later allied itself with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). The BJP-Shiv Sena alliance
won the 1995 Maharashtra State Assembly elections and came to power. During the tenure of the government
from 1995 to 1999, Thackeray declared himself to the 'remote control' chief minister.[16]

On 28 July 1999 Thackeray was banned from voting and contesting in any election for six years from 11
December 1999 till 10 December 2005 on the recommendations of the Election Commission for indulging in
corrupt practice by seeking votes in the name of religion.[17][18] After the six-year voting ban on Thackeray was
lifted in 2005, he voted for the first time in the 2007 BMC elections.[19]

Thackeray claimed that the Shiv Sena had helped the Marathi manoos (Marathi person)[20] in Mumbai.
Thackeray believed that Hindus must be organised to struggle against those who oppose their identity and
religion.[21] especially in the public sector.[22] Opposition leftist parties allege that the Shiv Sena has done little to
solve the problem of unemployment facing a large proportion of Maharashtrian youth during its tenure, in
contradiction to its ideological foundation of 'sons of the soil.'[23]

Factionalism
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In 2006, Thackeray's nephew Raj Thackeray broke away from Shiv Sena to form the Maharashtra Navnirman
Sena (MNS). This was when Bal Thackeray on his retirement from active politics appointed his son, Uddhav
rather than Raj as the leader of Shiv Sena. Raj continues to maintain that Thackeray was his ideologue.[24]

Issues and actions

On 14 February 2006, Thackeray condemned and apologised for the violent attacks by Shiv Sainiks upon a
private Valentine's Day celebration in Mumbai. "It is said that women were beaten up in the Nallasopara
incident. If that really happened, then it is a symbol of cowardice. I have always instructed Shiv Sainiks that in
any situation women should not be humiliated and harassed."[25] Thackeray and the Shiv Sena remained
opposed to Valentine's Day celebrations, although they indicated support for an "Indian alternative."[26]
However, in some cases, the SS has been more tolerant during Valentine's Day celebrations.[27]

Thackeray was criticised for his praise of Adolf Hitler.[28][29] He was quoted by Asiaweek as saying: "I am a
great admirer of Hitler, and I am not ashamed to say so! I do not say that I agree with all the methods he
employed, but he was a wonderful organiser and orator, and I feel that he and I have several things in
common...What India really needs is a dictator who will rule benevolently, but with an iron hand."[30] However,
Indian Express published an interview 29 January 2007: "Hitler did very cruel and ugly things. But he was an
artist, I love him [for that]. He had the power to carry the whole nation, the mob with him. You have to think
what magic he had. He was a miracle...The killing of Jews was wrong. But the good part about Hitler was that
he was an artist. He was a daredevil. He had good qualities and bad. I may also have good qualities and bad
ones."[31]

He later told the Star Talk talk show on Star Plus that he did not admire Hitler.[32]

Accusations of xenophobia

Thackeray and the Shiv Sena were blamed for inciting violence against Muslims during the 1992–1993 Mumbai
riots in an inquiry ordered by the government of India - the Srikrishna Commission Report.[33] Following the
riots, Thackeray took stances viewed as anti-Muslim. In 2002, Thackeray issued a call to form Hindu suicide
bomber squads to take on the menace of terrorism.[34] In response, the Maharashtra government registered a
case against him for inciting enmity between different groups.[35] At least two organisations founded and
managed by retired Indian Army officers, Lt Col Jayant Rao Chitale and Lt Gen. P.N. Hoon (former
commander-in-chief of the Western Command), responded to the call with such statements as not allowing
Pakistanis to work in India due to accusations against Pakistan for supporting attacks in Indian by
militants.[36][37]

Following the Mumbai riots, Thackeray took stances viewed as anti-Muslim. However, he also declared that he
was "not against every Muslim, but only those who reside in this country but do not obey the laws of the land...I
consider such people [to be] traitors."[38] The Shiv Sena is viewed by the liberal media as being anti-Muslim,
though Shiv Sainiks officially reject this accusation.[39] When explaining his views on Hindutva, he conflated
Islam with violence and called on Hindus to "fight terrorism and fight Islam."[40] In an interview with Suketu
Mehta, he called for the mass expulsion of illegal Bangladeshi Muslim migrants from India and for a visa system
to enter Mumbai, the Indian National Congress state government had earlier during the Indira Gandhi declared
national emergency considered a similar measure.[41][42]

He told India Today "[Muslims] are spreading like a cancer and should be operated on like a cancer.
The...country should be saved from the Muslims and the police should support them [Hindu Maha Sangh] in
their struggle just like the police in Punjab were sympathetic to the Khalistanis."[43] However, in an interview in
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1998, he said that his stance had changed on many issues that the Shiv Sena had with Muslims, particularly
regarding the Babri Mosque or Ram Janmabhoomi issue:[44] "We must look after the Muslims and treat them as
part of us."[44] He also expressed admiration for Muslims in Mumbai in the wake of the 11 July 2006 Mumbai
train bombings perpetrated by Islamic fundamentalists. In response to threats made by Abu Azmi, a leader of
the Samajwadi Party, that accusations of terrorism directed at Indian Muslims would bring about communal
strife, Thackeray said that the unity of Mumbaikars (residents of Mumbai) in the wake of the attacks was "a slap
to fanatics of Samajwadi Party leader Abu Asim Azmi" and that Thackeray "salute[s] those Muslims who
participated in the two minutes' silence on July 18 to mourn the blast victims."[45] Again in 2008 he wrote:
"Islamic terrorism is growing and Hindu terrorism is the only way to counter it. We need suicide bomb squads to
protect India and Hindus."[46] He also reiterated a desire for Hindus to unite across linguistic barriers to see "a
Hindustan for Hindus" and to "bring Islam in this country down to its knees."[47]

In 2008, following agitation against Biharis and other north Indians travelling to Maharashtra to take civil service
examinations for the Indian Railways due to an overlimit of the quota in their home provinces, Thackeray also
said of Bihari MPs that they were "spitting in the same plate from which they ate" when they criticised
Mumbaikars and Maharashtrians. He wrote: "They are trying to add fuel to the fire that has been extinguished,
by saying that Mumbaikars have rotten brains." He also criticised Chhath Puja an holiday celebrated by Biharis
and those from eastern Uttar Pradesh which occurs six days after the Hindu New Year. He said that it was not
a real holiday.[48] This was reportedly a response to MPs from Bihar who had disrupted the proceedings of the
Lok Sabha in protest to the attacks on North Indians.[48] Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar, upset with the
remarks, called on the prime minister and the central government to intervene in the matter. A Saamna editorial
prompted at least 16 MPs from Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, belonging to the Rashtriya Janata Dal, Janata Dal
(United), Samajwadi Party and the Indian National Congress, to give notice for breach of privilege proceedings
against Thackeray.[48] After the matter was raised in the Lok Sabha, Speaker Somnath Chatterjee said: "If
anybody has made any comment on our members' functioning in the conduct of business in the House, not only
do we treat that with the contempt that it deserves, but also any action that may be necessary will be taken
according to procedure and well established norms. Nobody will be spared."[48]

On 27 March 2008, in protest to Thackeray's editorial, leaders of Shiv Sena in Delhi resigned, citing its
"outrageous conduct" towards non-Marathis in Maharashtra and announced that they would form a separate
party.[49] Addressing a press conference, Shiv Sena's North India chief Jai Bhagwan Goyal said the decision to
leave the party was taken because of the "partial attitude" of the party high command towards Maharashtrians.
Goyal further said "Shiv Sena is no different from Khalistan and Jammu and Kashmir militant groups which are
trying to create a rift between people along regional lines. The main aim of these forces is to split our country.
Like the Maharashtra Navnirman Sena, the Shiv Sena too has demeaned North Indians and treated them
inhumanely."[49][50]

Death
Thackeray died on 17 November 2012 as a consequence of a cardiac arrest.[51] Mumbai came to a virtual halt
immediately as the news broke out about his death, with shops and commercial establishments downing their
shutters.[52] The entire of Maharashtra was put on high alert. The police appealed for calm and there were
20,000 Mumbai police officers, 15 units of the State Reserve Police Force and three contingents of the Rapid
Action Force were deployed.[53]

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh called for calm in the city and praised Thackeray's "strong leadership", while
there were also statements of praise and condolences from other senior politicians such as the chief minister of
Gujarat, Narendra Modi, and the BJP leader and MP, L. K. Advani.[54]

He was accorded a state funeral[55] at Shivaji Park, which generated some controversy[56] and resulted from
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He was accorded a state funeral[55] at Shivaji Park, which generated some controversy[56] and resulted from
demands made by Shiv Sena.[57] It was the first public funeral in the city since that of Bal Gangadhar Tilak in
1920.[58] Thackeray's body was moved to the park on 18 November.[59] Many mourners attended his funeral,
although there were no official figures. The range reported in media sources varied from around 1 million,[60] to
1.5 million[61] and as many as nearly 2 million.[62] His cremation took place the next day. His son, Uddhav, lit
the pyre.[63] Among those present at his cremation were senior representatives of the Maharashtra government
and the event was broadcast live on national television channels.[64] The Parliament of India opened for its
winter session on 21 November 2012. Thackeray was the only non-member to be noted in its traditional list of
obituaries. He is one of few people to have been recorded thus without being a member of either the Lok Sabha
or the Rajya Sabha.[65] Despite having not held any official position, he was given the 21-gun salute, which was
again a rare honour.[66] Both houses of Bihar Assembly also paid tribute.[67][68][69]

The funeral expenses created further controversies when media reports claimed that the BMC had used
taxpayers' money. In response to these reports, the party later sent a cheque of Rs 500,000 to the
Corporation.[66]

Cultural references
Thackeray is satirised in Salman Rushdie's 1995 novel The Moor's Last Sigh as 'Raman Fielding'.[70] Suketu
Mehta interviewed Thackeray in his critically acclaimed, Pulitzer-nominated, non-fiction 2004 book Maximum
City.

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Further reading
Mahārāva, Jñāneśa (2001). Thackeray, life & style (http://books.google.com/books?
id=ZWduAAAAMAAJ). Pushpa Prakashan. ISBN 978-81-7448-092-7.

External links
Profile (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/841488.stm) by BBC dated 19 July 2000 referring
to him as the "uncrowned monarch of Maharashtra"
Funeral pictures (http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/7880-15.html)

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