GENERAL MATHEMATICS 11

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LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

REPRESENTS REAL-LIFE SITUATIONS USING FUNCTIONS, INCLUDING
PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS

Background Information for Learners

After learning about linear functions, quadratic functions and polynomial functions,
this time, we shall consider functions in general. The phrase “is a function of” is used to
describe a situation or relationship between two variables. Thus, in describing this
relationship, it is natural to represent it using ordered pairs.

A relation is a set of ordered pairs (𝑥, 𝑦). The set of all first entries of these pairs is
called the domain of the relation while the set of all second entries of these pairs
is called the range of the relation.
A function is a relation that assigns to each element of the domain exactly one
element of the range.

The illustration below shows a function 𝑓 mapping, relating or pairing a domain element
𝑥 of the set D to range element 𝑓(𝑥) read as “𝑓 of 𝑥” of the set R.

𝑥 𝑓(𝑥)

𝐷 𝑅

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Example 1.
Given the set of ordered pairs {(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6), (5, 7)} , determine the domain and
range.
Solution:
By definition, the domain is set of all elements of x coordinate, thus, the domain is {1, 3,
5}, whereas its range is the set of all elements of y coordinate, hence, the range is {2, 4,
6, 7}.

Example 2.
Decide whether the following relations are functions
𝑓 = {(−1, 2), (4, 3), (−2, 3), (5, 8)}
𝑔 = {(𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑐, 𝑑 ), (𝑑, 𝑒), (𝑓, 𝑔)}
ℎ = {(1, 𝑎), (2, 𝑏), (3, 𝑐 ), (4, 𝑑 )}
𝑠 = {(4, 5), (4, −2), (−4, 5), (1, 7)}
𝑝 = {(1, 5), (2, 10), (3, 15), … , (𝑛, 5𝑛)}

Solution:
Only relation 𝑠 is not a function since the element 4 of the domain is mapped to two
elements of the range. Relations 𝑓, 𝑔, ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝 are functions because no two ordered pairs
have the same domain but different range.

The Vertical Line Test

A graph is said to be a function if and only if each vertical line intersects the graph at
exactly one point.

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Example 3.
Tell whether the graph of each relation is the graph of a function.
1. 2.

3. 4.

5.

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Solution:
The only function from the relations above are numbers 1, 4 and 5 while 2 and 3 are not
since they intersect the graph at more than one point.

Example 4.
State a function P that will describe the total distance of a student when he runs 5 km per
day at the end of 5 days.
Solution:
Since each day makes him 5 km, then the distance function is 𝑃 (𝑥 ) = 5𝑥.

Example 5.
In a certain city, the Philippine Statistics Office has recorded a total population of 680,
000 in the year 2018. The population increases at the rate of 0.25% annually. Determine
an equation that represents the population with respect to the number of years after 2018.
Suppose the rate of increase is constant.
Solution:
The equation will be of the form, 𝑃 = 𝑎(1 + 𝑟)𝑛 such that a is the initial population, r is the
rate of increase and n is the time in years and p is the population. Hence, the we have
the function 𝑃 = 680, 000(1.0025)𝑛.

A piecewise function is a function that contains at least two equations “pieces”

each of which depends on the value of the independent variable or the domain.

Example 6.
Driving lessons require a rental car fee of P 500. 00 for the first 8 km. and for every
kilometer added charges an additional fee of P 50.00. Express a piecewise function for
the problem.

Solution:

a. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) =
{ 500 ,
500 + 50(𝑥 − 8),
0<𝑥≤8
𝑥>8

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Example 7.
An online seller charges a certain amount for the shipping fee of purchased
products/items. For orders 10 or fewer items, she charges P20.00 each, P15.00 per item
for orders of 20 or fewer but more than 10 items, and P10.00 per item for orders of more
than 20 items. Write a function representing the cost 𝑓 for the number of 𝑥 items/products.
Solution:
a. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) =
{ 20𝑥
15𝑥
10𝑥
, 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 10
, 11 < 𝑥 ≤ 20
, 𝑥 > 20

Learning Competency
Represents real-life situations using functions including piecewise functions (Quarter 1,
Week 1, M11GM-Ia-1)
EXERCISE 1
Directions: Determine the domain and range of the given relation and decide whether
the relation is function. [3 points each]
1. {(4, 2), (5, 0), (−2, 6), (0, 1)} 6. {(0.02, 0.002), (0.20, 0.02 )}
1 3
2. {(−8, 2), (2 , 5)} 7. {(5,2), (−1, 5), (5, 6)}
3. {(7, 2), (7, −2), (7, 11), (10, −3)} 8. {(1, 6), (2, 12), (3, 18), … (𝑛, 6𝑛)}
4. {(𝑤, 𝑠)| 𝑠 2 = 𝑤} 9. {(𝑥, 𝑦)|𝑦 4 = 𝑥}
5. {(𝑥, 𝑦)|𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1} 10. {(𝑐, 1), (𝑐, 2), (𝑐, 3), (𝑐, 4)}

EXERCISE 2
Directions: Identify the domain for each relation using the set builder notation.
[2 points each]
1. 𝑦 = 5𝑥 − 4 6. 𝑔(𝑥) = ⟦𝑥⟧ − 𝑥
3 2
2. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 7 7. 0 = 4 𝑦 + 6𝑥
3. 𝑓 (𝑥) = |3𝑥 + 2| 8. 6𝑥 2 = 15𝑦
𝑥 2 +4
4. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 16 9. 𝑓(𝑥 ) =
(3𝑥+5)(𝑥+8)

5. 𝑓 (𝑥) = √𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 + 144

{
10. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 1
5
, 𝑥<3
, 𝑥=3
2𝑥 + 1 , 𝑥 > 3

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EXERCISE 3
Directions: Give a function that represents each situation. [2 points each]
1. Mang Ambo, a mango farmer, sells ripe mangoes either per piece or bulk. He sells
mangoes at P10.00 each for orders less than 50 pieces and P450.00 for a bulk of 50
pieces and P8.00 for each excess mango after that. Write the required piecewise
function.

2. A certain Liquor is sold for P150.00 each. With an increasing public demand, a vendor
decides to sell it for P140.00 each if someone buys more than 15 bottles. Express the
cost with respect to the number of bottled liquors sold.

3. A rectangular box is to be made from a piece of cardboard 20 cm long and 8 cm wide

by cutting out identical squares with side x from the four corners and turning up the
sides. Define a function representing the volume of the box.

4. A horseback riding charges P50.00 for the first 300 meters and additional P10.00 for
a ride greater than 300 meters. Express the function describing the amount of
horseback riding.

5. Rental car charges P100.00 for the first three hours and an excess of P20.00 for each
hour (or a fraction of it) after that. If you rent a car for more than ten hours, a fee of
P500.00 shall be charged. Represent the rental car fee in piecewise function.

References:
Verzosa, D.B, et.al (2016). General Mathematics. Quezon City, Manila
Alferez, G. S. (2014). Introduction to Calculus. Quezon City, Manila
Leithold, L. (1996). The Calculus 7. New York City.

Reflection:
What have you learned from this topic?
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 Answer Key
Exercise 1

1. D: {4, 5, -2, 0} 6. D: {0.02, 0.20}

R: {2, 0, 6, 1} R: {0.002, 0. 02}
Function Function
2. D: {-8, ½} 7. D: {5, -1}
R: {2, 3/5} R: {2, 5, 6}
Function Not Function
3. D: {7, 10} 8. D: {1, 2, 3, …n}
R: {2, -2, 11, -3} R: {6, 12, 18, …, 6n}
Not function Function
4. D: 𝑥 ≥ 0 9. D: 𝑥 ≥ 0
R: 𝐴𝑙𝑙 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑠 R: 𝐴𝑙𝑙 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑠
Not a function Not a function
5. D: 𝐴𝑙𝑙 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑠 10. D: {c}
R: 𝑦 ≥ 0 R: {1, 2, 3, 4}
Function Not Function

Exercise 2

1. {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ ℝ} 6. {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ ℝ}
2. {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ ℝ} 7. {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 ≤ 0}
3. {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ ℝ} 8. {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ ℝ}
5
4. {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, −4 ≤ x ≤ 4} 9. {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, x ≠ − 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 8}
3
5. {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ ℝ} 10. {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ ℝ}

Exercise 3

1. 10𝑥 , 0 < 𝑥 < 49

𝑓(𝑥) =
{ 450
450 + 8(𝑥 − 50)
, 𝑥 = 50
, 𝑥 > 50

2. ( )
𝑓 𝑥 =
{ 150 𝑥
140𝑥
, 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 15
, 𝑥 ≥ 15

3. 𝑉 (𝑥 ) = 160𝑥 − 48𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 3

4.
𝑓(𝑥) =
{ 50
50 + 10(𝑥 − 300)
, 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 300
, 𝑥 > 300

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 5. 100 ,0 < 𝑥 ≤ 3
𝑓(𝑥) =
{ 100 + 20⌈𝑥 − 3⌉
500
,3 < 𝑥 ≤ 10
, 𝑥 > 10

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