Section 600

Acids, Oils and Brines

Table of Contents

Acid Properties .......................................................................................................................................... 257

HCL Acid Table ..................................................................................................................................... 257

HCL Acid Solubility .................................................................................................................................... 258

Instant Acid ........................................................................................................................................... 258

Acetic Acid ............................................................................................................................................ 258

Neutralizing Dowell X ............................................................................................................................ 258

pH Chart................................................................................................................................................ 259

pH Values in Terms of NCl and NaOH.............................................................................................. 259

Approximate pH Values .................................................................................................................... 259

HCl Dilution Table ................................................................................................................................. 260

Acid Strength Formula........................................................................................................................... 267

Formulae for Transposing Acid Strength........................................................................................... 267

Oil Properties............................................................................................................................................. 268

Mud Properties .......................................................................................................................................... 269

Brine Properties......................................................................................................................................... 272

Physical Properties Of Potassium Chloride Solutions....................................................................... 272

Physical Properties Of Potassium Chloride Solutions (Metric).......................................................... 272

Physical Properties Of Ammonium Chloride Solutions...................................................................... 273

Physical Properties Of Ammonium Chloride Solutions (Metric)......................................................... 273

Physical Properties Of Calcium Chloride Solutions........................................................................... 274

Physical Properties Of Calcium Chloride Solutions (Metric).............................................................. 275

Physical Properties Of Sodium Chloride Solutions ........................................................................... 276

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 Field Data Handbook
Section 600 – Acids, Oils and Brines

Physical Properties Of Sodium Chloride Solutions (Metric) .............................................................. 276

Combination Sodium Chloride – Calcium Chloride Solutions............................................................ 277

Saturated Sugar Solution .................................................................................................................. 278

Effect of Temperature on Densities of CaCl2 and NaCl Solutions .................................................... 278

Additional Fluid Data......................................................................................................................... 279

Page 256
 Field Data Handbook
Section 600 – Acids, Oils and Brines

Acid Properties

HCL ACID TABLE

Per Cent HCl Specific Degrees Lbs. per Gallon Lbs./Cu. Ft. PSI Per Ft. kg/m3 kPa/m Depth
Gravity Baume Depth
1.00 1.0048 0.7 8.337 62.66 0.4351 1003.6 9.84
2.00 1.0097 1.4 8.418 62.97 0.4372 1008.5 9.89
3.00 1.0147 2.1 8.460 63.28 0.4392 1013.5 9.94
4.00 1.0197 2.8 8.501 63.59 0.4415 1018.4 9.99
5.00 1.0248 3.5 8.544 63.91 0.4437 1023.6 10.04
6.00 1.0299 4.2 8.586 64.22 0.4459 1028.6 10.09
7.00 1.0350 4.9 8.629 64.54 0.4482 1033.8 10 .14
8.00 1.0402 5.6 8.672 64.87 0.4504 1038.9 10 .19
9.00 1.0447 6.2 8.710 65.15 0.4524 1043.5 10.2 3
10.00 1.0500 6.9 8.754 65.48 0.4547 1048.7 10.29
11.00 1.0550 7.6 8.796 65.79 0.4586 1053.8 10.33
12.00 1.0600 8.2 8.837 66.10 0.4590 1058.7 10.38
13.00 1.0646 8.8 8.876 66.39 0.4610 1063.3 10.43
14.00 1.0702 9.5 8.922 66.74 0. 1068.9 10.48
15.00 1.0749 10.1 8.962 67.04 0.4654 1073.7 10.53
16.00 1.0801 10.8 9.006 67.36 0.4677 1078.9 10.58
17.00 1.0849 11.4 9.045 67.66 0.4698 1083 .6 10.63
18.00 1.0902 12.0 9.089 67.99 0.4721 1088.9 10.68
19.00 1.0952 12.6 9.132 68.31 0.4743 1094 .0 10.73
20.00 1.1002 13.2 9.171 68.60 0.4764 1098.7 10.78
21.00 1.1057 13.9 9.218 68.95 0.4788 1104.3 10.83
22.00 1.1108 14.5 9.261 69.27 0.4810 1109.5 10.88
23.00 1.1159 15.1 9.303 69.59 0.4832 1114.5 10.93
24.00 1.1214 15.7 9.349 69.93 0.4855 1120.0 10.98
25.00 1.1261 16.3 9.385 70.20 0.4876 1124.3 11.03
26.00 1.1310 16.9 9.433 70.56 0.4899 1130.1 11.08
27.00 1.1368 17.5 9.465 70.80 0.4922 1133.9 11.13
28.00 1.1422 18.0 9.523 71.23 0.4936 1140.9 11.19
29.00 1.1471 18.6 9.560 71.51 0.4967 1145.3 11.24
30.00 1.1526 19.2 9.609 71.88 0.4991 1151.2 11.29
31.00 1.1577 19.8 9.650 72.18 0.5012 1156.1 11.34
32.00 1.1628 20.3 9.694 72.51 0.5035 1161.3 11.39
33.00 1.1680 20.9 9.738 72.84 0.5057 1166.6 11.44
34.00 1.1727 21.4 9.777 73.13 0.5078 1171.3 11.49
35.00 1.1779 21.9 9.810 73.38 0.5100 1175.2 11.54
36.00 1.1827 22.4 9.860 7175 0.5121 1181.2 11.58
37.00 1.1880 22.9 9.902 74.07 0.5144 1186.3 11.64
38.00 1.1924 23.4 9.941 74.36 0.5163 1190.9 11.68
39.00 1.1963 23.8 9.974 74.61 0.5180 1194.9 11.72
40.00 1.2008 24.3 10.011 74.88 0.5199 1199.3 11.76
41.00 1.2053 24.7 10.049 75.17 0.5219 1203.9 11.81
*Baume = 145 – 145 Sp. Gr. = 145
Sp. Gr. 145 – Be*

Page 257
 Field Data Handbook
Section 600 – Acids, Oils and Brines

HCl Acid Solubility

% HCl Lbs. CaCO3 Dissolved/Gallon kg CaCO3 Dissolved/m3

5.00 0.59 70.68

10.00 1.20 143.76
15.00 1.84 220.43

Instant Acid
One pound of Instant Acid per gallon of water will dissolve approximately 0.47 pounds of CaCO3.
119.8 kilograms of Instant Acid per cubic meter of water will dissolve approximately 0.213 kg of
CaCO3.

Acetic Acid
% Acetic Lbs. CaCO3 Dissolved/Gallon kg CaCO3 Dissolved/m3
4.00 0.291 34 . 86
8.00 0.582 69.72
10.00 0.728 87.21

Neutralizing Dowell X
When HCl must be neutralized, this table can be used to determine the amount of neutralizing
chemical required.
Limestone Lime Soda Ash Caustic Soda
Lbs kg Lbs kg lbs kg Lbs kg
For each 1000
Gal 5X, USE 586 433 620 468
Litres 5X, USE 70 52 74 56
Gal 10X, USE 1201 887 1258 959
Litres 10X, USE 144 106 151 115
Gal 15X, USE 1850 1367 1957 1477
Litres 15X, USE 222 164 234 177
Gal 20X, USE 2526 1866 2672 2017
Litres 20X, USE 303 224 320 242
Gal 28X, USE 3663 2706 3875 2925
Litre 28X, USE 439 324 464 350

Page 258
 Field Data Handbook
Section 600 – Acids, Oils and Brines

pH Chart

pH Values in Terms of NCl and NaOH

pH % by Weight
0.00 4.3
0.10 3.6

Increasing Acidity
0.36 1.8
1.00 0.44
2.00 0.036
3.00 0.0036
4.00 0.00036
5.00 0.000136
6.00 0.0000036
7.00 Pure Water
8.00 0.0000040
Increasing Alkalinity

9.00 0.000040
10.00 0.00040
11.00 0.0040
HCl

12.00 0.040
13.00 0.48
13.60 2.0
13.90 3.8
14.00 4.6

Approximate pH Values
Gal. Acid/1000 Gal pH 7 Water
Approximate pH
15X 28X 35X
1 0.5 0.4 2.35
2 1.0 0.8 2.05
3 1.5 1.2 1.88
4 2.0 1.6 1.75
5 2.5 2.0 1.66
10 5.0 4.0 1.35
20 10.0 8.0 1.05
25 12.5 10.0 0.96
50 25.0 20.0 0.66
100 50.0 39.0 0.35
200 101.0 78.0 0.05
226 114.0 88.0 0.00

Page 259
 Field Data Handbook
Section 600 – Acids, Oils and Brines

HCl Dilution Table

DILUTION TABLE – 2% HCL
Volume 2% Equivalent Units* of Concentrated HCl [%]
HCl Desired
(Equiv.
Units)* % 15 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
500 63 46 41 37 34 32 29 27 25 24
750 94 69 62 56 51 47 44 41 38 36
1000 125 92 83 75 69 63 58 54 51 47
1500 188 138 124 113 103 95 88 81 76 71
2000 251 184 165 150 137 126 117 108 101 95
2500 313 229 207 188 172 158 146 136 127 119
3000 376 275 248 225 206 189 175 163 152 142
3500 438 321 289 263 240 221 204 190 177 166
4000 501 367 331 300 275 253 234 217 203 190
4500 564 413 372 338 309 284 263 244 228 213
5000 626 459 413 375 343 316 292 271 253 237
6000 752 551 496 450 412 379 350 326 304 285
7000 887 642 579 525 480 442 409 380 355 332
8000 1002 734 661 600 549 505 467 434 405 379
9000 1127 826 774 676 618 568 526 488 456 427
10000 1253 918 827 751 686 632 584 543 506 474
11000 1378 1009 909 826 755 695 643 597 557 522
12000 1503 1101 992 901 824 758 701 651 608 569
13000 1628 1193 1075 976 892 821 759 706 658 617
14000 1754 1285 1157 1051 961 884 818 760 709 664

*Units can be in quarts, gallons, barrels, or etc.

Page 260
 Field Data Handbook
Section 600 – Acids, Oils and Brines

DILUTION TABLE – 3% HCL

Volume 3% Equivalent Units* of Concentrated HCl [%]
HCl Desired
(Equiv.
Units)* % 15 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
500 94 69 62 57 52 48 44 41 38 36
750 142 104 93 85 78 71 66 61 57 54
1000 189 138 125 113 103 95 88 82 76 71
1500 283 207 187 170 155 143 132 123 115 107
2000 387 277 249 226 207 190 176 164 153 143
2500 472 346 312 283 259 238 220 205 191 179
3000 566 415 374 399 310 286 264 245 229 214
3500 661 484 436 396 362 333 308 286 267 250
4000 755 553 498 453 414 381 352 327 305 286
4500 850 623 561 509 466 428 396 368 344 322
5000 944 692 623 566 517 476 440 409 382 357
6000 1133 830 784 679 621 571 528 491 458 429
7000 1322 968 872 792 724 666 616 573 535 500
8000 1510 1107 997 905 828 762 704 655 611 572
9000 1699 1245 1121 1018 931 857 792 736 687 643
10000 1888 1384 1246 1132 1035 952 880 818 764 715
11000 2077 1522 1371 1245 1138 1047 968 900 840 786
12000 2266 1660 1495 1358 1242 1142 1057 982 916 858
13000 2454 1798 1620 1471 1345 1238 1145 1064 993 929
14000 2643 1937 1745 1584 1449 1333 1233 1146 1069 1001

*Units can be in quarts, gallons, barrels, or etc.

Page 261
 Field Data Handbook
Section 600 – Acids, Oils and Brines

DILUTION TABLE – 5% HCL

Volume 5% Equivalent Units* of Concentrated HCl [%]
HCl Desired
(Equiv.
Units)* % 15 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
500 159 116 105 95 87 80 74 68 64 60
750 238 175 157 143 131 120 111 103 96 90
1000 318 233 210 190 174 160 148 138 129 120
1500 477 349 315 286 261 240 222 207 193 180
2000 635 466 419 381 348 320 296 275 257 241
2500 794 582 524 476 436 401 370 344 321 301
3000 953 698 629 571 523 481 444 413 386 361
3500 1112 815 734 666 610 561 518 482 450 421
4000 1271 931 839 762 697 641 592 551 514 481
4500 1430 1048 944 857 784 721 666 620 578 541
5000 1589 1164 1049 952 871 801 741 689 643 602
6000 1907 1397 1258 1142 1045 961 889 826 771 772
7000 2224 1630 1468 1333 1219 1121 1037 964 900 842
8000 2542 1863 1678 1523 1394 1282 1185 1102 1028 962
9000 2860 2095 1887 1714 1568 1443 1333 1239 1157 1083
10000 3178 2328 2097 1905 1742 1602 1482 1377 1285 1202
11000 3495 2561 2307 2095 1916 1763 1630 1515 1414 1324
12000 3813 2794 2517 2285 2090 1923 1778 1653 1542 1444
13000 4131 3027 2726 2476 2264 2083 1926 1790 1671 1564
14000 4449 3260 2936 2666 2438 2243 2075 1928 1799 1685

*Units can be in quarts, gallons, barrels, or etc.

Page 262
 Field Data Handbook
Section 600 – Acids, Oils and Brines

DILUTION TABLE – 7 ½% HCL

Volume Equivalent Units* of Concentrated HCl [%]
7½ % HCl
Desired
(Equiv. % 15 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Units)*
500 241 177 159 145 132 122 113 105 97 91
750 362 265 239 217 198 183 170 157 146 137
1000 482 353 318 289 264 243 226 209 195 183
1500 724 530 478 434 397 365 339 314 293 274
2000 965 707 637 578 529 487 452 418 390 365
2500 1206 884 796 723 661 608 565 523 488 457
3000 1447 1060 955 867 793 730 678 627 585 548
3500 1688 1237 1114 1012 925 852 791 732 683 639
4000 1930 1414 1274 1156 1058 937 904 836 780 731
4500 2171 1591 1433 1201 1190 1095 1017 941 878 822
5000 2412 1767 1592 1445 1322 1216 1130 1045 976 913
6000 2894 2121 1910 1735 1586 1460 1356 1254 1171 1096
7000 3377 2474 2229 2024 1851 1703 1582 1463 1366 1279
8000 3859 2828 2547 2313 2115 1946 1808 1673 1561 1462
9000 4342 3181 2866 2602 2380 2190 2034 1882 1756 1644
10000 4824 3535 3184 2891 2644 2433 2259 2091 1951 1827
11000 5306 3888 3502 3180 2908 2676 2486 2230 2146 2010
12000 5678 4242 3821 3469 3173 2920 2712 2509 2341 2192
13000 6271 4595 4139 3758 3437 3163 2938 2718 2536 2375
14000 6754 4948 4458 4047 2702 3406 3168 2927 2731 2558

*Units can be in quarts, gallons, barrels, or etc.

Page 263
 Field Data Handbook
Section 600 – Acids, Oils and Brines

DILUTION TABLE – 10% HCL

Volume 10% Equivalent Units* of Concentrated HCl [%]
HCl Desired
(Equiv.
Units)* % 15 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
500 326 239 215 195 178 164 152 141 132 123
750 288 358 322 293 267 246 227 212 197 185
1000 651 477 430 390 357 328 304 282 263 247
1500 977 716 645 585 536 492 456 423 395 371
2000 1302 954 860 780 714 656 608 564 526 494
2500 1628 1193 1075 975 893 820 760 705 658 618
3000 1953 1431 1290 1170 1071 984 912 846 789 741
3500 2279 1670 1505 1365 1250 1148 1064 987 921 865
4000 2604 1908 1720 1560 1428 1312 1216 1128 1052 988
4500 2930 2147 1935 1755 1507 1475 1358 1269 1184 1112
5000 3255 2385 2150 1950 1785 1640 1520 1410 1315 1235
6000 3906 2862 2580 2340 2142 1968 1824 1692 1578 1482
7000 4557 3339 3010 2730 2499 2296 2128 1974 1841 1729
8000 5208 3816 3440 3120 2856 2624 2432 2256 2104 1976
9000 5859 4293 3870 3510 3213 2952 2736 2538 2367 2223
10000 6511 4770 4297 3902 3568 3283 3036 2821 2632 2465
11000 7162 5247 4727 4292 3925 3611 3340 3103 3895 2712
12000 7813 5724 5156 4682 4282 3940 3643 3385 3158 2958
13000 8464 6201 5586 5073 4638 4268 3947 3667 3422 3205
14000 9115 6678 6016 5463 4995 4596 4250 3949 3685 3451

*Units can be in quarts, gallons, barrels, or etc.

Page 264
 Field Data Handbook
Section 600 – Acids, Oils and Brines

DILUTION TABLE – 15% HCL

Volume 15% Equivalent Units* of Concentrated HCl [%]
HCl Desired
(Equiv.
Units)* % 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
500 266 330 300 274 252 233 217 202 189
750 550 495 449 411 378 350 325 303 284
1000 733 660 599 548 504 466 433 404 379
1500 1099 990 899 822 756 699 650 607 568
2000 1465 1320 1199 1096 1008 933 867 809 757
2500 1832 1650 1498 1370 1261 1166 1083 1011 947
3000 2198 1980 1798 1644 1513 1399 1300 1213 1136
3500 2564 2310 2098 1918 1865 1632 1517 1415 1325
4000 2931 2640 2397 2192 2107 1865 1733 1618 1515
4500 3297 2970 2697 2466 2269 2099 1950 1820 1704
5000 3663 3300 2997 2740 2521 2332 2167 2022 1893
6000 4396 3960 3596 3288 3025 2798 2600 2426 2272
7000 5129 4620 4195 2836 3530 3264 3034 2831 2651
8000 5862 4280 4795 4385 4034 3731 3467 3235 3029
9000 6594 5940 5394 4933 4538 4197 3900 3649 3408
10000 7327 6600 5994 5481 5042 4663 4334 4044 3787
11000 8060 7260 6593 6029 5547 5130 4767 4448 4165
12000 8792 7920 7192 6577 6051 5596 5200 4853 4544
13000 9525 8580 7792 7125 6555 6062 5634 5257 4923
14000 10258 9240 8391 7673 7059 6529 6067 5661 5301

*Units can be in quarts, gallons, barrels, or etc.

Page 265
 Field Data Handbook
Section 600 – Acids, Oils and Brines

DILUTION TABLE – 28% HCL

Volume 28% Equivalent Units* of Concentrated HCl [%]
HCl Desired
(Equiv.
Units)* % 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
500 480 462 445 430 415 401 388 375
750 721 694 668 645 622 601 592 563
1000 961 925 891 860 830 802 776 751
1500 1442 1387 1337 1290 1245 1203 1164 1126
2000 1922 1850 1782 1719 1660 1604 1551 1502
2500 2402 2312 2228 2149 2075 2005 1939 1877
3000 2883 2773 2673 2578 2489 2406 2327 2253
3500 3364 3236 3119 3008 2904 2807 2715 2628
4000 3844 3699 3564 3438 3319 3208 3103 3004
4500 4325 4162 4010 2868 3734 3609 3491 3379
5000 4806 4624 4455 4298 4149 4010 3879 3735
6000 5767 5549 5347 5157 4979 4812 4655 4506
7000 6728 6474 6238 6016 5809 5614 5430 5257
8000 7689 7398 7129 6876 6638 6416 6206 6008
9000 8650 8323 8029 6935 7468 7218 6981 6759
10000 9611 9248 8911 8595 8298 8020 7757 7510
11000 10572 10173 9802 9454 9128 8822 8533 8261
12000 11533 11098 10693 10314 9958 9624 9309 9012
13000 12494 12022 11583 11173 10787 10426 10084 9763
14000 13455 12947 12475 12033 11617 11228 10850 10514

*Units can be in quarts, gallons, barrels, or etc.

Page 266
 Field Data Handbook
Section 600 – Acids, Oils and Brines

Acid Strength Formula

Formulae for Transposing Acid Strength

Volume of Strong = Col. of Dilute x Sp. Gr. of Dilute x % Dilute
Sp. Gr. of Strong x % Strong

Volume of Dilute = Vol. of Strong x Sp. Gr. of Strong x % Strong

Sp. Gr. of Dilute x % Dilute

Applied Factors
5% to 28% 6.25
7 ½% to 28% 4.12
10% to 28% 3.05
15% to 28% 1.98
20% to 28% 1.45
a) Divide the volume of 5, 7 ½, 10, 15 or 20% acid by the appropriate factor to obtain
equivalent volume of 28%.
b) Multiply the volume of 28% acid by the appropriate factor to obtain the equivalent volume
of 5, 7 ½, 10, 15 or 20% acid.

Page 267
 Field Data Handbook
Section 600 – Acids, Oils and Brines

Oil Properties

CONVERSION TABLE FOR VARIOUS GRAVITY OILS

API Gravity Specific Gravity Lbs./Gal. Lbs./Cu. Ft. Pressure/Ft. of kg/Cubic Meter kPa Meter Depth
Depth PSI
12 0.9861 8.221 61.49 0.4270 984.9 9.659
15 0.9659 8.053 60.24 44182 964.8 9.460
18 0.9465 7.891 59.02 0.4098 945.3 9.270
20 0.9340 7.787 58.25 0.4044 932.9 9.148
22 0.9218 7.685 57.48 0.3991 920.7 9.028
24 0.9100 7.587 56.75 0.3940 908.9 8.913
26 0.8984 7.490 56.02 0.3890 897.3 8.800
28 0.8871 7.396 55.32 0.3841 886.0 8.689
30 0.8762 7.305 54.64 0.3794 875.1 8.582
31 0.8708 7.260 54.30 0.3771 869.8 8.530
32 0.8654 7.215 54.24 0.3747 864.4 8.476
33 0.8602 7.171 53.64 0.3725 859.1 8.426
34 0.8550 7.128 53.32 0.3702 853.9 8.347
35 0.8498 7.085 52.99 0.3680 848.8 8.325
36 0.8448 7.043 52.68 0.3658 843.8 8.275
37 0.8398 7.001 52.37 0.3638 838.7 8.230
38 0.8348 6.960 52.06 0.3615 833.8 8.177
39 0.8299 6.919 51.75 0.3593 828.9 8.128
40 0.8251 6.879 51.45 0.3573 824.1 8.082
41 0.8023 6.839 51.15 0.3552 819.3 8.035
42 0.8156 6.800 50.86 0.3532 814.6 7.990
(Diesel Oil)
43 0.8109 6.760 50.56 0.3511 809.9 7.942
44 0.8063 6.722 50.28 0.3491 805.3 7.897
46 0.7972 6.646 49.71 0.3452 796.2 7.809
48 0.7883 6.572 49.16 0.3413 787.3 7.721
50 0.7796 6.500 48.62 0.3376 778.7 7.637
55 0.7587 6.325 47.31 0.3285 757.7 7.431
60 0.7398 6.160 46.07 0.3200 738.0 7.239
Water 1.0000 8.337 62.36 0.4330 998.8 9.795
Dowell X 1.0750 8.962 67.04 0.4654 1073.7 10.528
Kerosene 0.8235 6.866 51.35 0.3566 822 8.067

Page 268
 Field Data Handbook
Section 600 – Acids, Oils and Brines

Mud Properties

CONVERSION TABLE FOR VARIOUS WEIGHT MUDS

Pounds/ Pounds/ Specific Pressure/Ft. of kg/m3 kPa/m
Gallon Cu. Ft. Gravity Depth PSI of Depth
8.4 62.83 1.01 0.436 1006.3 9.9
8.5 63.58 1.02 0.441 1018.3 10.0
8.6 64.33 1.03 0.447 1030.3 10.1
8.7 65.08 1.04 0.452 1042.3 10.2
8.8 65.82 1.05 0.457 1054.2 10.3
8.9 66.57 1.07 0.462 1066.2 10.5
9.0 67.32 1.08 0.467 1078.2 10.6
9.1 68.07 1.09 0.472 1090.2 10.7
9.2 68.81 1.10 0.478 1102.2 10.8
9.3 69.56 1.12 0.483 1114.1 10.9
9.4 70.31 1.13 0.488 1126.1 11.0
9.5 71.06 1.14 0.493 1138.1 11.1
9.6 71.81 1.15 0.499 1150.1 11. 3
9.7 72.56 1.16 0.503 1162.1 11.4
9.8 73.30 1.18 0.509 1174.0 11.5
9.9 74.05 1.19 0.514 1186.0 11.6
10.0 74.80 1.20 0.519 1198.0 11.7
10.1 75.55 1.21 0.524 1210.0 11.8
10.2 76.30 1.22 0.530 1222.0 12.0
10.3 77.04 1.24 0.535 1234.0 12.1
10.4 77.79 1.25 0.540 1245.9 12.2
10.5 78.54 1.26 0.545 1257.9 12.3
10.6 79.29 1.27 0.551 1269.9 12.5
10.7 80.04 1.28 0.555 1281.9 12.6
10.8 80.78 1.29 0.561 1293.8 12.7
10.9 81.53 1.31 0.566 1305.8 12.8
11.0 82.28 1.32 0.571 1317.8 12.9
11.1 83.03 1.33 0.576 1329.8 13.0
11.2 83.78 1.34 0.581 1341.8 13.1
11.3 84.52 1.36 0.587 1353.7 13.3
11.4 85.27 1.37 0.592 1365.7 13.4
11.5 86.02 1.38 0.597 1377.7 13.5
11.6 86.77 1.39 0.602 1389.7 13.6
11.7 87.52 1.40 0.607 1401.7 13.7
11.8 88.26 1.41 0.613 1413.6 13.9
11.9 89.01 1.43 0.618 1425.6 14.0
12.0 89.76 1.44 0.623 1437.6 14.1
12.1 90.51 1.45 0.628 1449.6 14.2
12.2 91.26 1.46 0.633 1461.6 14.3
12.3 92.00 1.48 0.638 1473.5 14.4

Page 269
 Field Data Handbook
Section 600 – Acids, Oils and Brines

CONVERSION TABLE FOR VARIOUS WEIGHT MUDS

Pounds/ Pounds/ Specific Pressure/Ft. of kg/m3 kPa/m
Gallon Cu. Ft. Gravity Depth PSI of Depth
12.4 92.75 1.49 0.644 1485.5 14.6
12.5 93.50 1.50 0.649 1497.5 14.7
12.6 94.25 1.51 0.654 1509.5 14.8
12.7 95.00 1.52 0.659 1521.5 14.9
12.8 95.74 1.53 0.665 1533.4 15.0
12.9 96.49 1.55 0.670 1545.4 15.2
13.0 97.24 1.56 0.675 1557.4 15.3
13.1 97.99 1.57 0.680 1569.4 15.4
13.2 98.74 1.58 0.686 1581.4 15.5
13.3 99.48 1.60 0.690 1593.3 15.6
13.4 100.23 1.61 0.695 1605.3 15.7
13.5 100.98 1.62 0.701 1617.3 15.8
13.6 101.73 1.63 0.706 1629.3 15.9
13.7 102.48 1.64 0.711 1641.3 16.0
13.8 103.22 1.65 0.717 1653.2 16.2
13.9 103.97 1.67 0.723 1665.2 16.3
14.0 104.72 1.68 0.727 1677.2 16.4
14.1 105.47 1.69 0.732 1689.2 16.6
14.2 106.22 1.70 0.737 1701.2 16.7
14.3 106.96 1.72 0.742 1713.1 16.8
14.4 107.71 1.73 0.747 1725.1 16.9
14.5 108.46 1.74 0.753 1737.1 17.0
14.6 109.21 1.75 0.758 1749.1 17.1
14.7 109.96 1.76 0.763 1761.1 17.3
14.8 110.70 1.78 0.768 1773.0 17.4
14.9 111.45 1.79 0.773 1785.0 17.5
15.0 112.00 1.80 0.779 1797.0 17.6
15.1 112.95 1.81 0.784 1809.0 17.7
15.2 113.69 1.82 0.789 1821.0 17.9
15.3 114.44 1.84 0.794 1832.9 18.0
15.4 115.19 1.85 0.799 1844.9 18.1
15.5 115.94 1.86 0.805 1856. 9 18. 2
15.6 116.69 1.87 0.810 1868.9 18.3
15.7 117.44 1.88 0.815 1880.9 18.4
15.8 118.18 1.90 0.820 1892.8 18.5
15.9 118.93 1.91 0.825 1904.8 18.7
16.0 119.68 1.92 0.831 1916.8 18.8
16.1 120.43 1.93 0.836 1928.8 18.9
16.2 121.18 1.94 0.841 1940.8 19.0
16.3 121.92 1.96 0.846 1952.7 19.1
16.4 122.67 1.97 0.851 1964.7 19.3
16.5 123.42 1.98 0.857 1976.7 19.4

Page 270
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Section 600 – Acids, Oils and Brines

CONVERSION TABLE FOR VARIOUS WEIGHT MUDS

Pounds/ Pounds/ Specific Pressure/Ft. of kg/m3 kPa/m
Gallon Cu. Ft. Gravity Depth PSI of Depth
16.6 124.17 2.00 0.862 1988.7 19.5
16.7 124.92 2.01 0.867 2000.7 19.6
16.8 125.66 2.02 0.872 2012.6 19.7
16.9 126.41 2.03 0.877 2024.6 19.8
17.0 127.16 2.04 0.883 2036.6 20.0
17.1 127.91 2.05 0.886 2048.6 20.0
17.2 128.66 2.06 0.893 2060.6 20.2
17.3 129.40 2.08 0.898 2072.5 20.3
17.4 130.15 2.09 0.903 2084.5 20.4
17.5 130.90 2.10 0.909 2096.5 20.6
17.6 131.65 2.11 0.913 2108.5 20.7
17.7 132.40 2.12 0.919 2120.5 20.8
17.8 133.14 2.14 0.926 2132.4 20.9
17.9 133.89 2.15 0.929 2144.4 21.0
18.0 134.64 2.16 0.935 2156.4 21.1
18.1 135.39 2.17 0.939 2168.4 21.2
18.2 136.13 2.18 0.945 2180.4 21.4
18.3 136.88 2.20 0.950 2192.3 21.5
18.4 137.63 2.21 0.955 2204.3 21.6
18.5 138.38 2.22 0.961 2216.3 21.7
18.6 139.13 2.23 0.965 2228.3 21.8
18.7 139.88 2.24 0.971 2240.3 22.0
18.8 140.62 2.26 0.976 2252.2 22.1
18.9 141.37 2.27 0.981 2264.2 22.2
19.0 142.12 2.28 0.987 2276.2 22.3
19.1 142.87 2.29 0.991 2288.2 22.4
19.2 143.62 2.30 0.997 2300.2 22.5
19.3 144.36 2.32 1.001 2312.1 22.6
19.4 145.11 2.33 1.007 2324.1 22.8
19.5 145.86 2.34 1.013 2336.1 22.9
19.6 146.61 2.35 1.017 2348.1 23.0
19.7 147.36 2.36 1.022 2360.1 23.1
19.8 148.10 2.38 1.028 2372.0 23.3
19.9 148.85 2.39 1.033 2384.0 23.4
20.0 149.60 2.40 1.038 2396.0 23.5

Page 271
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Section 600 – Acids, Oils and Brines

Brine Properties

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS

Solution Weight Materials to Prepare
One Barrel of Solution
*
Sp. Gr. Lbs. Per Lbs. Per KC1 Fresh Water Gal. Freezing PSI Per Approximate
at 60°F Gal. at 60°F Cu. Ft. at 60°F Lbs Point, °F Ft. Depth KC1
1.005 8.37 62.79 4 41.8 +31 0.435 1
1.011 8.43 63.19 7 41.6 +30 0.438 2
1.024 8.53 63.99 14 41.3 +29 0.443 4
1.037 8.64 64.81 22 40.9 +27 0.449 6
1.050 8.75 65.63 29 40.6 +26 0.455 8
1.063 8.86 66.46 37 40.2 +24 0.460 10
1.077 8.97 67.30 45 39.8 +22 0.466 12
1.091 9.09 68.16 54 39.4 +20 0.472 14
1.104 9.20 69.02 62 39.0 +17 0.478 16
1.119 9.32 69.91 71 38.5 +15 0.484 18
1.133 9.44 70.80 79 38.1 +13 0.491 20
1.147 9.56 71.71 88 37.6 +34 0.497 22
1.162 9.69 72.64 98 37.1 +59 0.503 24

*PPM = % KCI x 10000.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS (METRIC)

Solution Weight Materials to Prepare
One Barrel of Solution
*
Sp. Gr. kg Per Cu. Meter at 15.6°C KC1 Fresh Water Gal. Freezing kPa Per Approximate
at 15.6°C Lbs. Point, °C m Depth % KC1
1.005 1002.73 11.4 0.995 – 0.6 9.84 1
1.011 1009.91 20.0 0.990 – 1.1 9.91 2
1.024 1021.89 39.9 0.983 – 1.7 10.02 4
1.037 1035.07 62.8 0.974 – 2.8 10.16 6
1.050 1048.25 82.8 0.967 – 3.3 10.29 8
1.063 1061.43 105.6 0.957 – 4.4 10.41 10
1.077 1074.61 128.4 0.948 – 5.6 10.54 12
1.091 1088.98 154.1 0.938 – 6.7 10.68 14
1.104 1102.16 176.9 0.929 – 8.3 10.81 16
1.119 1116.54 202.6 0.917 – 9.4 10.95 18
1.133 1130.91 225.4 0.907 – 10.6 11.11 20
1.147 1134.19 251.1 0.895 + 1.1 11.24 22
1.162 1160.86 279.6 0.883 +15.0 11.38 24

*PPM = % KCI x 10000.

Page 272
 Field Data Handbook
Section 600 – Acids, Oils and Brines

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AMMONIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS

Solution Weight Materials to Prepare
One Barrel of Solution
**
Sp. Gr. Lbs. Per Lbs. Per NH4Cl @ 100% Fresh Water Gal. Freezing PSI Per Approximate %
at 60°F Gal. at 60°F Cu. Ft. at 60°F Purity Lbs. Point, °F Ft. Depth NH4Cl
1.0013 8.35 62.57 4 41.7 +31 0.434 1
1.0045 8.38 62.77 7 41.3 +30 0.436 2
1.0107 8.43 63.16 14 40.8 +27 0.438 4
1.0168 8.48 63.54 21 40.1 +25 0.440 6
1.0227 8.53 63.91 29 39.5 +22 0.444 8
1.0286 8.58 64.28 36 38.9 +19 0.446 10
1.0344 8.63 64.64 43 38.3 +17 0.449 12
1.0401 8.67 64.99 51 37.6 +14 0.451 14
1.0457 8.72 65.35 59 36.9 +11 0.453 16
1.0512 8.77 65.69 66 36.2 +8 0.456 18
1.0567 8.81 66.03 74 35.5 * 0.458 20
1.0621 8.86 66.37 82 34.8 * 0.461 22
1.0674 8.90 66.70 90 34.1 * 0.463 24

*The solutions will separate into ice and NH4C1 precipitate at these concentrations as the temperature approaches + 5°F.

**PPM = % NH4CI x 10000.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AMMONIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS (METRIC)

Solution Weight Materials to Prepare
One Barrel of Solution
**
Sp. Gr. kg Per Cu. Meter at 15.6°C NH4Cl @ 100% Fresh Water Freezing kPa Per Approximate
at 15.6°C Purity (Kg) m3 Point, °C m Depth % NH4Cl
1.0013 1000.33 11.41 0.993 – 0.6 9.82 1
1.0045 1003.92 19.97 0.984 – 1.1 9.86 2
1.0107 1009.91 39.94 0.972 – 2.8 9.91 4
1.0168 1015.90 59.91 0.956 – 3.9 9.95 6
1.0227 1021.89 82.73 0.941 – 5.6 10.04 8
1.0286 1027.88 102.70 0.926 – 7.2 10.09 10
1.0344 1033.87 122.67 0.912 – 8.3 10.16 12
1.0401 1038.67 145.49 0.895 – 10.0 10.20 14
1.0457 1044.66 168.32 0.879 – 11.7 10.25 16
1.0512 1050.65 188.28 0.862 – 13.3 10.32 18
1.0567 1055.44 211.11 0.845 * 10.36 20
1.0621 1061.43 233.93 0.829 * 10.43 22
1.0674 1066.22 256.75 0.812 * 10.45 24

*The solutions will separate into ice and NH4C1 precipitate at these concentrations as the temperature approaches –15°C.

**PPM = % NH4Cl x 10000.

Page 273
 Field Data Handbook
Section 600 – Acids, Oils and Brines

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CALCIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS

Materials to Prepare One Barrel of Solution
Solution Weights Using Peladow® (94–97% CaCl2) Using Dowflake® (77–80% CaC1)
Sp. Gr. Lbs. Per Lbs. Per Peladow Fresh Water Gals. KC1 Fresh Water Gal. Freezing PSI Per Approximate
at 60°F Gal. at 60°F Cu. Ft. at 60°F (Lbs.) Lbs Point, °F Ft. Depth % KC1
1.007 8.4 62.84 3 41.9 4 41.8 +31 0.436 1
1.030 8.6 64.34 13 41.7 16 41.3 +28 0.446 3
1.055 8.8 65.83 24 41.5 30 40.6 +25 0.457 7
1.079 9.0 67.33 35 41.1 43 39.9 +21 0.467 9
1.103 9.2 68.82 46 40.8 57 39.2 +17 0.477 11
1.127 9.4 70.32 58 40.4 72 38.4 +12 0.488 14
1.151 9.6 71.82 70 39.9 86 37.6 +6 0.498 16
1.175 9.8 73.31 81 39.6 100 36.9 0 0.509 19
1.199 10.0 74.81 94 39.1 116 35.9 –8 0.519 21
1.223 10.2 76.31 106 38.6 131 35.0 –18 0.529 23
1.247 10.4 77.80 118 38.3 146 34.3 –29 0.540 26
1.271 10.6 79.30 130 37.8 160 33.4 –43 0.550 28
1.295 10.8 80.79 142 37.5 175 32.7 –59 0.561 30
1.319 11.0 82.29 154 36.9 190 31.7 –22 0.571 32
1.343 11.2 83.79 167 36.3 206 30.6 0 0.581 34
1.367 11.4 85.28 180 35.9 222 29.8 +27 0.592 36
1.391 11.6 86.78 192 35.4 237 28.9 +44 0.602 38
1.415 11.8• 88.30 206 34.7 254 27.7 +60 0.612 40
1.439 12.0 89.79 221 34.0 273 26.4 +70 0.623 42

*Calculated values, since at 60°F, these will not be liquids

**PPM = % CaCl2 x 10000

Page 274
 Field Data Handbook
Section 600 – Acids, Oils and Brines

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CALCIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS (METRIC)

Materials to Prepare One Barrel of Solution
**
Solution Weights Using Peladow® (94–97% CaCl2) Using Dowflake® (77–80% CaC12)
Approximate %
Sp. Gr. kg Per Peladow Fresh Water Dowflake Fresh Water Freezing kPa per Anhydrous
at 15.6°C Cu. M at 15.6°C (kg) m3 (kg) m3 Point, °C m Depth CaC12
1.007 1006.3 8.56 0.998 11.41 0.995 – 0.6 9.86 1
1.030 1030.3 37.09 0.993 45.65 0.983 – 2.2 10.09 3
1.055 1054.2 68.48 0.988 85.60 0.967 – 3.9 10.34 7
1.079 1078.2 99.86 0.979 122.69 0.950 – 6.1 10.56 9
1.103 1102.2 131.25 0.971 162.63 0.933 – 8.3 10.79 11
1.127 1126.1 165.48 0.962 205.43 0.914 – 11.1 11.04 14
1.151 1150.1 199.72 0.950 245.37 0.895 – 14.4 11.27 16
1.175 1174.0 231.11 0.943 285.32 0.879 – 17.8 11.51 19
1.199 1198.0 268.20 0.931 330.97 0.855 – 22.2 11.74 21
1.223 1222.0 302.44 0.919 373.77 0.833 – 27.8 11.97 23
1.247 1245.9 336.68 0.912 416.57 0.817 – 33.9 12.22 26
1.271 1269.9 370.91 0.900 456.51 0.795 – 41.7 12.44 28
1.295 1293.8 405.15 0.893 499.31 0.779 – 50.6 12.69 30
1.319 1317.8 439.39 0.879 542.11 0.755 – 30.0 12.92 32
1.343 1341.8 476.48 0.864 587.76 0.729 – 17.8 13.14 34
1.367 1365.7 513.57 0.855 633.41 0.709 – 2.8 13.39 36
1.391 1389.7 547.81 0.843 676.21 0.688 + 6.67 13.62 38
1.415* 1413.6* 587.76 0.826 724.71 0.659 + 15.6 13.84 40
1.439* 1437.6 630.55 0.809 778.92 0.629 + 21.1 14.09 42

*Calculated values, since at 15.6°C, these will not be liquids

**PPM = % CaCl2 x 10000

Page 275
 Field Data Handbook
Section 600 – Acids, Oils and Brines

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS

Solution Weight Materials to Prepare
One Barrel of Solution
**
Sp. Gr. Lbs. Per Lbs. Per Salt (NaCl) Fresh Water Gal. Freezing PSI Per Approximate %
at 60°F Gal. at 60°F Cu. Ft. at 60°F Lbs Point, °F Ft. Depth NaCl
1.007 8.4 62.84 3 41.9 +31 0.436 1
1.019 8.5 63.59 9 41.7 +29 0.441 3
1.031 8.6 64.34 16 41.4 +27 0.446 4
1.043 8.7 65.08 22 41.2 +27 0.452 6
1.055 8.8 65.83 29 41.0 +24 0.457 7
1.067 8.9 66.58 35 40.7 +22 0.462 9
1.079 9.0 67.33 41 40.4 +19 0.467 11
1.091 9.1 68.08 47 40.0 +17 0.472 12
1.103 9.2 68.82 54 39.8 +14 0.477 16
1.115 9.3 69.57 61 39.5 +11 0.483 15
1.127 9.4 70.32 68 39.2 +9 0.488 17
1.139 9.5 71.07 74 38.9 +6 0.493 18
1.151 9.6 71.82 81 38.6 +3 0.498 20
1.163 9.7 72.57 88 38.2 –1 0.503 21
1.175 9.8 73.31 95 37.9 –5 0.509 23
1.187 9.9 74.06 102 37.6 +5 0.514 24
1.199 10.0 74.81 109 37.3 +25 0.519 26

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS (METRIC)

Solution Weight Materials to Prepare
One Barrel of Solution
Sp. Gr. kg Per Cu. Meter at Salt (NaCl) Fresh Water Freezing kPa Per Approximate
at 15.6°C 15.6°C (kg) m3 Point, °C m Depth % NaCl
1.007 1006.3 8.56 0.998 – 0.5 – 0.5 1
1.019 1018.3 25.68 0.993 – 1.7 – 1.7 3
1.031 1030.3 45.65 0.986 – 2.8 – 2.8 4
1.043 1042.3 62.77 0.981 – 3.3 – 3.3 6
1.055 1054.2 79.89 0.976 – 4.4 – 4.4 7
1.067 1066.2 99.86 0.969 – 5.6 – 5.6 9
1.079 1078.2 116.98 0.962 – 7.2 – 7.2 11
1.091 1090.2 134.10 0.952 – 8.3 – 8.3 12
1.103 1102.2 154.07 0.948 – 10.0 – 10.0 14
1.115 1114.1 174.04 0.940 – 11.7 – 11.7 15
1.127 1126.1 194.02 0.933 – 12.8 – 12.8 17
1.139 1138.1 211.14 0.926 – 14.4 – 14.4 18
1.151 1130.1 231.11 0.919 – 16.1 – 16.1 20
1.163 1162.1 251.08 0.909 – 18.3 – 18.3 21
1.175 1174.0 271.05 0.902 – 20.6 – 20.6 23
1.187 1186.0 291.03 0.895 – 15.0 – 15.0 24
1.199 1198.0 311.00 0.888 – 3.9 – 3.9 26
*PPM = % NaCl x 10000

Page 276
 Field Data Handbook
Section 600 – Acids, Oils and Brines

COMBINATION SODIUM CHLORIDE – CALCIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS

The following table gives the maximum amount of sodium chloride that can be used in preparing
combination sodium chloride–calcium chloride solutions in the range of weights between 10.0 pounds
per gallon (1198 kilogram/cubic meter and 1330 kilogram/cubic meter). If more sodium chloride than
that shown in the table is used, sodium chloride will be precipitated. If starting with a natural brine of
known weight, the approximate amount of sodium chloride contained in a barrel (cubic meter) of brine
can be obtained by consulting the table on physical properties of sodium chloride solutions. By
comparing that table and this table, it can be determined that whether a given natural brine can be
weighted with calcium chloride to a desired weight, or whether fresh water will need to be added in
order to lower the concentration of sodium chloride to one that can be tolerated.

Materials to Prepare One Barrel of Solution

Using Peladow® Using Dowflake®
Solution Weight (94–97% CaC12 and NaC1) (77–80% CaC12 and NaC1)
Sp. Gr. at Lbs. Per Gal. CU. R. at Peladow Lb. NaCl Lb. Fresh Water Dowflake Lb. NaC1 Lb. Fresh Water PSI Per Freezing
60°F at 60°F 60°F Gal. Gal. Ft. Depth Point °F
1.211 10.1 75.56 29 88 36.8 36 88 35.8 0.524 –4
1.223 10.2 76.31 52 70 36.8 64 70 35.1 0.529 – 10
1.235 10.3 77.05 72 54 36.8 89 54 34.3 0.535 – 15
1.247 10.4 77.80 89 41 36.8 110 41 33.8 0.540 – 21
1.259 10.5 78.55 104 32 36.7 128 32 32.8 0.545 – 26
1.271 10.6 79.30 116 25 36.5 143 25 32.6 0.550 – 32
1.283 10.7 80.05 126 20 36.4 155 20 32.2 0.555 – 38
1.295 10.8 80.79 135 16 36.3 167 16 31.7 0.561 – 42
1.307 10.9 81.54 144 13 36.2 178 13 31.3 0.566 – 24
1.319 11.0 82.29 151 10 36.1 186 10 31.0 0.571 – 12
1.331 11.1 83.04 159 8 36.0 196 8 30.6 0.576 0

Materials to Prepare One Barrel of Solution

Solution Using Peladow® Using Dowflake®
Weight (94–97% CaC12 and NaC1) (77–80% CaC12 and NaC1)
Sp. Gr. at kg Per Cu. m Peladow NaCl Fresh Water m3 Dowflake NaCl Fresh Water m3 kPa Per Freezing
15.6°C 15.6°C kg kg kg kg m Depth Point °C
1.211 1210.0 82.74 251.08 0.876 102.71 251.08 0.852 11.85 – 20.0
1.223 1222.0 148.37 199.72 0.876 182.60 199.72 0.836 11.97 – 23.3
1.235 1233.9 205.43 154.07 0.876 253.93 154.07 0.817 12.10 – 26.1
1.247 1245.9 253.93 116.98 0.876 313.85 116.98 0.805 12.22 – 29.4
1.259 1257.9 296.73 91.30 0.874 365.21 91.30 0.781 12.33 – 32.2
1.271 1269.9 330.97 71.33 0.869 408.01 71.33 0.776 12.44 – 35.6
1.283 1281.9 359.50 57.06 0.867 422.24 57.06 0.767 12.55 – 38.9
1.295 1293.8 385.18 45.65 0.864 476.48 45.65 0.755 12.69 – 41.1
1.307 1305.8 410.86 37.09 0.862 507.87 37.09 0.745 12.80 – 31.1
1.319 1317.8 430.83 28.53 0.859 530.69 28.53 0.738 12.92 – 24.2
1.331 1329.8 453.66 22.83 0.857 559.23 22.83 0.729 13.03 – 17.8

Page 277
 Field Data Handbook
Section 600 – Acids, Oils and Brines

Saturated Sugar Solution

Sugar Total Weight S.G. Weight of Water Weight of Sugar
Lbs./Gal. kg/m3 Lbs./Gal. kg/m3 Lbs./Gal. kg/m3
18 8.94 1072.8 1.121 7.329 879.48 1.611 193.32
30 9.39 1126.8 1.127 6.569 788.23 2.821 338.52 I
40 9.80 1176.0 1.176 5.873 704.76 3.927 471.24
50 10.15 1218.0 1.296 5.019 602.28 5.131 615.72
89 12.25 1470.0 1.473 1.348 161.76 10.903 1308.36

Effect of Temperature on Densities of CaCl2 and NaCl Solutions

As the temperature of the solution increases, the volume increases with a resultant decrease in
density. The changing density of these solutions can be readily calculated by this formula:

Density Change (lbs./gallon) = 0.003 (T1–T2)

T1 = existing temperature, °F
T2 = desired temperature, °F
As an example, if the average well temperature is 190°F, and an average solution density of 11
lbs./gallon is needed, what solution density is required at 60°F?

Density Change, lbs./gal. = 0.003 (190 − 60) = 0.4

Required Solution at 60°F = 11.0 + 0.4
= 11.4 lbs./gal.
Density Change, (kg/m3) = 0.647 (T1 − T2)
T1 = existing temperature, °C
T2 = desired temperature, °C

Or, if the average well temperature is 87.69°C and an average solution density of 1318. kg/cu. meter
is required at 15.54°C?

Density Change, kg/m3 = 0.647 (87.69 – 15.54)

= 46.68
Required Solution at 15.54°C = 1318.02 + 46.68
= 1364.70 kg /m3

Page 278
 Field Data Handbook
Section 600 – Acids, Oils and Brines

Additional Fluid Data

Fluid Specific Gravity Degrees Baume Lbs. per Gallon Lbs./Cu. Ft. PSI Per Ft. Depth
12–3 Mud
Acid 1.064 8.7 8.871 66.35 0.4605
IPA 0.7863 48.0 6.555 49.03 0.3405
Xylene 0.8655 31.8 7.216 57.71 0.3748

Formula for Calculating Specific Gravity of a Fluid Containing Proppant

Sp. Gr. of Mixture = 8.34 x Sp + Pg
8.34 + 0.37 X Pg
where:
Sp = Specific Gravity of the Fluid
Pg = Pounds of Proppant added per Gallon of Fluid

milligrams/liter (mg/L) = Parts per million (ppm)

Specific Gravity

1% by weight = 10,000 ppm

For Sodium Chloride NaCl Solutions:

ppm Chloride X 1.648 = ppm NaCl ppm NaCl X 0.607 – ppm Chloride,
For Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) Solutions: ppm Chloride X 1.563 = PPM CaCl2
ppm CaCl2 X 0.640 = ppm Chloride.

Density of Seawater = 8.475 lb/gal

Page 279
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Section 600 – Acids, Oils and Brines

Page 280