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implies that half of the Nigerian population opportunities, reduction in costs, effective
is disenfranchised from the use of the service delivery, branding of shared
Automated Teller Machine. Bank customers network, satisfaction of customers and
in this category who took the bold step to competitiveness, etc (Ebiringa, 2010;
apply and obtain ATM cards due to the Maiyaki & Mokhtar; 2010).
cashless policy with the cash-lite banking by According to Adeoti (2011), the
the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), tend to Automated Teller Machine (ATM) was
hire the services of those who are proficient introduced into the Nigerian market in 1989,
in English language whenever they want to and the very first Automated Teller Machine
make transactions. In the process, some of (ATM) in Nigeria was first installed by
the customers do expose their secret codes to National Cash Registers (NCR) for the
strangers and thereby suffer loss in the hands defunct Societe Generale Bank in 1987, First
of fraudsters in the name of rendering Bank Plc came on stream with their own
assistance to them. In addition, some ATM in December 1991 (Jegede 2014).
children become their fathers’ card holder The ATM is playing a key role in any
since their parents are not literate enough to retail banks’ efforts to use technology as a
navigate the menu of the ATM, quality weapon to defeat competition. It
consequently they use the opportunity to provides a major role in offering
defraud their parents and inflict on them convenience, speedy, round the clock
psychological trauma. services and save time for customers (Cabas,
1.1 Statement of Problem 2001). The ATM has made settlement of
Some researchers and financial bills in the Nigerian banking system easy
institutions in Nigeria have developed and and safer. These benefits have resulted into
introduced the indigenous language version phenomena growth in number of ATMs in
of the Automated Teller Machine options to Nigeria. The growth of ATMs in Nigerian
improve user’s interaction with the system banks has risen from 83% in 2006 to 289%
and attract more customers especially those in 2007.
that are not literate in the English language. Figure 1 depicts the increase level of
However, user’s response has not reflected ATM usage between 2005 and 2018. As
the anticipated level of enthusiasm as a depicted in the graph, over the past 13 years
result of operational complexities and this indicator reached a maximum value of
translation equivalence challenges. Hence, 16.92 in 2018 and a minimum value of 0.68
this work presents an improved approach to in 2005.
assist the customers who are not literate in
English language to also have their own
share in the new technology. Special focus
was on the Yoruba menu option of the ATM
using Yoruba tone mark based on translation
equivalence model.
1.2 Research Objectives
The main aim of this research work is
to develop an improved version of the
Yoruba menu option of the Automated
Teller Machine (ATM).
2. Literature Review
2.1 Impact of Automated Teller Machine on
Banking Performance
Automated Teller Machine is a
computerized telecommunications device Figure 1: Increase level of ATM usage.
that provides customers of financial
institution with access to financial Figure 2 presents selected payment
transactions in a public space without the channels in Nigeria for the 4th and 1st
need for a human clerk or bank teller. quarters of year 2018 and 2019 respectively.
Using an ATM card, either debit card, or
credit card, bank patrons can electronically
access their accounts and withdraw or
deposit funds, make payments, or check
balances without waiting at the counter. To
the banks the following has been identified
as benefits of the ATM: investment
Cite this article as: Oyebade, F., Aranuwa, F. & Adéjùmò ̣, J. (2020). Improved Yorùbá Language Option of the
Automated Teller Machine using Translation Equivalence Model. International Journal of English Language &
Translation Studies. 8(2). 24-30.
Page | 26
Improved Yorùbá Language Option of the Automated … Oyebade, F. O., Aranuwa, F.O. & Adéjùmò ̣, J. A.
(2017) observes that in African languages ‘ifowopamo’ and ‘owo to wolé to some
tone is like a master hormone owing to the extent in as much as they are familiar with
indispensable role it plays in determining the current, savings and credit accounts
meaning of an utterance. In general, African respectively. As such, kó ̣renti, sefisi and
languages are tone languages as such an kirediti should be more appropriate.
African language without tone mark may The fourth flaw is the faulty syntax of
pose problem to the reader or user of such Yorùbá translation equivalence on the ATM
language. considered. Olubode-Sawe(2010) observes
Let us consider the following as that faulty syntax is the use of structure that
evident on our interaction with the machine. are aberrant by Yorùbá syntactic or
morphophonemic rules.
Cite this article as: Oyebade, F., Aranuwa, F. & Adéjùmò ̣, J. (2020). Improved Yorùbá Language Option of the
Automated Teller Machine using Translation Equivalence Model. International Journal of English Language &
Translation Studies. 8(2). 24-30.
Page | 28
Improved Yorùbá Language Option of the Automated … Oyebade, F. O., Aranuwa, F.O. & Adéjùmò ̣, J. A.
words were borrowed into Yorùbá language collected and arranged, bearing in mind the
in order to have a good translation of the principle of relatedness for proper references
ATM menu options. For example: and analysis. During the translation, the
d. Press ‘Accept’ botton – te bó ̣tìnì strategies of morphological processes of
‘mogbà’ semantic extension, borrowing,
e. Please Select your network – “jò ̣wó ̣ nominalization, indigenization and
yan né ̣tíwó ̣kì rẹ” composition were used. Specifically,
f. Temporarily out of service - kòsí Translation Equivalence Theory was
né ̣tíwó ̣kì fún ìgbà díè ̣ ná” employed to guide the process of the
In example ‘d’, ‘botton’ is translated translation. The research work does not only
to be ‘bó ̣tìnì’ while ‘network’ and ‘service’ assist those who are not proficient in English
which mean the same thing but in different language to effectively interact with the
contexts are translated to be ‘né ̣tíwó ̣kì’. system, but also overcomes the challenges of
Some of these borrowings are as a result of the present design and consequently widens
the attempt of the researchers to conform the scope of ATM usage in the interior parts
with the natural resources of the language. of the country.
These borrowings have already become part Acknowledgment
of the lexical resources of the language Special acknowledgement to
introduced through the medium of TETFUND and Adekunle Ajasin University,
broadcasting. Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria for
When a word is borrowed from any sponsoring this research study.
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Cite this article as: Oyebade, F., Aranuwa, F. & Adéjùmò ̣, J. (2020). Improved Yorùbá Language Option of the
Automated Teller Machine using Translation Equivalence Model. International Journal of English Language &
Translation Studies. 8(2). 24-30.
Page | 30