Fundamentals of Mathematics Engr. Khrisna Mae C.

Gelogo, ECE, LPT

Unit 3: INTEGERS D. Subtraction of Integers
Integers – the set of all positive numbers, all negative Rules:
numbers and zero 1. Change the sign of the subtrahend (to avoid
- (or) the set of numbers consisting of the set of whole confusion, it is a good idea to write a new sign before
numbers and their additive inverses the subtrahend and circle it).
2. Add the terms following the rules for addition of
Number Line – shows the set of integers integers.

Example:
1) (+7) - (+3) = 4
Note: 2) (+12) – (-4) = (+12) + (+4) = 16
• A positive number may be classified as a natural or 3) (-19) – (-12) = (-19) + (+12) = -7
counting number (N), a whole number (W) or an integer 4) (-8) – (+3) = (-8) + (-3) = -11
(I) because it is an element of these three sets. It can also 5) (+19) – (+25) = (+19) + (-25) = -6
be classified as a positive integer.
• A negative number can only be classified as an integer E. Multiplication of Integers
(I). It can also be classified as a negative integer. Rules:
• Zero (0) is neither positive nor negative, but it is an 1. Like signs, gives a positive answer.
integer. (-a) (-b) = +ab (-2) (-3) = +6
(+a) (+b) = +ab (+2) (+3) = +6
A. Order of Integers
• Using the number line we can determine the order of 2. Unlike signs, give a negative answer.
integers. (-a) (+b) = -ab (-3) (+4) = -12
• If an integer (A) is to the right of a given number (B) on (+a) (-b) = -ab (+3) (-4) = -12
the number line, that integer (A) is considered as
greater than (>) the given number (B). F. Division of Integers
A>B Rules:
1. Follow the same rules with multiplication.
2. Like signs, gives a positive answer.
(-a) ÷ (-b) = +ab (-15) ÷ (-3) = +5
(+a) ÷ (+b) = +ab (+100) ÷ (+10) = +10

• If an integer (A) is to the left of a given number (B) on 3. Unlike signs, give a negative answer.
the number line, that integer (A) is considered as lesser (-a) ÷ (+b) = +ab (-28) ÷ (+7) = -7
than (<) the given number (B). (+a) ÷ (-b) = +ab (+35) ÷ (-7) = -5
A<B
Check your progress:
A. Order of Integers: Write the correct symbol to the
following numbers. Greater than (>), lesser than (<) or is
equal to (=).
B. Absolute Value 1) +19 _____ +13 6) +13 _____ -75
2) +45 _____ - 18 7) 0 _____ - 100
• The number of intervals or distance of a positive or
3) -12 _____ -13 8) -10 _____ +2
negative integer from zero.
4) -18 _____-18 9) +29 _____ +70
• | | - the absolute value symbol
5) +31 _____ -31 10) -16 _____ -15
• |-5| read as absolute value of -5
|-5| = 5
B. Perform the indicated operation/s.
• |+5| read as absolute value of +5 1) 17 + (-18) =
|+5| = 5 2) (-18) + (-45) =
3) 11 + (-15) + (-29) +10 =
4) (-37) + 37 =
5) (-65) + 23 + (-50) +44 =
6) (15) (-13) =
7) (-2) (-7) (-4) =
C. Addition of Integers 8) (-12) (2) (0) (4) (200) =
Rules: 9) 15 ÷ (-5) =
1. Look at the signs of the addends. 10) (-75) ÷ (-25) =
2. (a) If the signs are alike, find the sum and give the
answer the common sign.
(b) If the signs are unlike, find the difference and give
the answer the sign of the larger number.

Example:
1) (+4) + (+9) = 13
2) (-11) + (-29) = -31
3) (+16) + (-14) = 2
4) (-18) + (+19) = 1
5) (-11) + (+3) = -7
6) (+4) + (-19) = -15