Tacloban City CLUP 2017-2025 Volume 1 PDF

TACLOBAN CITY COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN VOLUME I 2017-2025
INTRODUCTION
Tacloban City is in its 9th year as a Highly Urbanized City having been
proclaimed by President Gloria Arroyo through Proclamation No. 1637 on Oct. 1, 2008
and ratified through a plebiscite on December 18, 2008 with a unanimous “Yes” vote.
The conversion paved the way for the sustained development the City is currently
experiencing.
The Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of Tacloban City is crafted in

observance of the mandate of RA 7160, otherwise known as the Local Government
Code of the Philippines, supported by other issuances, orders and memoranda of the
Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB), the Department of the Interior and
Local Government (DILG), the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)
and other agency stakeholders.
The Comprehensive Land Use Plan is one effective tool that will point to the
physical structures, infra-utilities and facilities, environmental and economic
development thrusts and direction of Tacloban City. The mainstreaming of climate
change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction management (DRRM) in the
CLUP will ensure that the 10-year plan becomes a timely developmental tool towards
progress and expansion. Altogether, the spatial and locational framework plans will
be synchronized based on the land use categories of the city, to match with the plans,
programs and implementation activities of various stakeholders.
Following the city’s vision, goals and objectives is not a fool proof strategy for
development. It has to go hand in hand with some regulatory actions in terms of fiscal
measures, private sector investment and honing of institutional capabilities that will
make way for an improved public service. Moreover, the Comprehensive Land Use
Plan will construct and organize the delineations of economic, social and physical
considerations for a realistic land use, anchored on the actual present land use, its
potential utilization and physical planning standards. This will simplify the
implementer’s activities based on the pragmatic use of economic resources, physical
availability of land areas and administrative thrusts in terms of practicality and accuracy
of services to the people of Tacloban.
The Comprehensive Land Use Plan consists of three (3) volumes. Volume1
has three (3) components:
City Planning and Development Office i

A. The Preliminary Pages
The preliminary pages shall include the foreword and executive

summary, acknowledgement, table of contents, list of maps, figures and tables.
B. Brief Profile of the City
This component shall include the brief history of the city, its human
resource, physical features, physical/infra resources which include
infrastructure network, social services, existing utilities such as power, water,
information-communication network, solid waste management, the marine
structure, the existing land use and land use trends, comparative/competitive
advantage, weakness as well as the functional role of the city.
C. The Comprehensive Land Use Plan
This section shall contain the vision/mission statements of the city,

goals, objectives and strategies, the concept structure plan and the land use
plan in text and map format as well as the priority programs and projects which
are land-use based.
Volume 2 consists of the Zoning Ordinance and presents in two parts the
following contents:
A. The Zoning Ordinance in text form, and the

B. Zoning Map
Lastly, Volume 3 shall comprise the detailed documentation of the sectoral

studies of the six major sectors detailed as follows:
1. Demography
2. Natural and Physical Environment
3. Social Sector
➢ Education
➢ Health and Sanitation
➢ Housing
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➢ Social Welfare
➢ Protective Services
➢ Sports and Recreational Facilities
4. Economic Sector Study
➢ Agriculture
➢ Forestry
➢ Commerce and Trade
➢ Industry
➢ Tourism
5. Infrastructure, Utilities and Facilities
➢ Transportation Facilities
➢ Roads
➢ Power
➢ Water Supply
➢ Waste Water Treatment
➢ Proposed Waste Water Treatment
➢ Proposed Septage Treatment Facility
➢ Information and Communication Technology
6. Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction

➢ Basic Principles and Concepts
➢ Tacloban City Geographic Realities
➢ Climate Changes in Tacloban City
➢ Extreme Events
➢ Protection and Buffer Areas
➢ Waste Management
➢ Water Pollution
➢ Possible Inputs of Climate Change in Tacloban City
➢ Climate Change Analysis (Issues and Adaptation / Mitigation
Strategies)
➢ Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
7. Ecosystem Analysis
➢ Forest and Forest Land
➢ Biodiversity in Tacloban City
➢ Coastal and Marine Resources
8. Special Area Studies
➢ Heritage Conservation in Tacloban
City Planning and Development Office iii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 Situational Evaluation Analysis
The City Government of Tacloban recognizes the need for thorough

evaluation and situation analysis of the current issues on land use. The present
administration is committed to resolve these issues by consulting the various
stakeholders, departments and agencies for their respective technical
assessment on the present land use and its utilization.
With the identification of the following concerns, the needed response

will pave the way for long-term solution on the present use of land utilization
and management as stated below.
➢ Urban congestion
➢ Housing needs and backlog
➢ Road and waterways easements
➢ Industrialization
➢ Watershed and forest management
➢ Other ecological and environmental considerations
➢ Flooding situation and drainage system
➢ Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management
Tacloban City is a fast expanding city in terms of population while its land
area remains the same. As congestion is imminent in the City’s business
district, expansion has been creeping into the northern part of the city, forcing
the conversion of valuable agricultural lands to residential, commercial or
industrial use. The conversion partly addresses the housing backlog but not in
a sustainable manner.
Another concern is the perennial flooding in most areas of the City that
has not been fully addressed in light of the disturbing facts of unregulated
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structures and improper drainage lines of private and government

constructions.
Because of its distinct geographic characteristics, Tacloban City made

history when it was devastated by the strongest typhoon ever recorded to hit
land in November 8, 2013. Super Typhoon Yolanda made the constituency of
the City aware of the destructive forces brought by natural occurrences.
Tacloban City has since then made reparations by including disaster risk
management as one of its thrust and priority agenda. It has made central how
the city and its’ communities would take measure to reduce the impacts of
disasters and its resulting effects. Thus, the following were considered as
interventions:
➢ Strict implementation of the “No Dwelling Zone” on identified areas in the

City;
➢ Strict enforcement of the regulatory provision of the National Building
Code/Structural Code of the Philippines;
➢ Construction of sturdy Tide embankment structure and establishment of
greenbelt area along the shorelines of Cancabato Bay and San Pedro
Bay to serve as buffer zones;
➢ Integration of Community Awareness Program on Storm Surge and
other hazards in coastal barangays and other high-risk areas;
➢ Activation of Barangay Disaster and Risk Reduction Committees;
➢ Formulation and implementation of risk management plans, programs
project and activities.
The traffic congestion of Tacloban City is one perennial concern even in

the years past. The City Government is continuously implementing/devising
measures to correct the situation where it has proved ineffective. The City
Traffic Enforcers, deployed along major thoroughfares, has been instrumental
in effecting these measures. Moreover, it allowed the City Police Traffic
Management Bureau to concentrate on crime prevention activities in the
streets.
City Planning and Development Office v

Another concern of the City Government is the improper management

of the city’s watershed and forest areas. It is crucial to safeguard our water
reserves and protect soil erosions and landslides in denuded areas. Plans on
eco-system management must be well placed to ensure the conservation of our
watershed areas and at the same time, mitigate the flooding problems in the
city.
Tacloban City is nearing its first decade with regards to its classification
as a Highly Urbanized City. It is still learning the ways of other highly urbanized
cities who have successfully steered their localities to become economically
and socially responsive local government units with administrative capability
and having their own fiscal management system. Tacloban City can learn from
their land use strategies and in turn formulate its own land use to practically
make way for future policies on land issues.
Urban growth and development will never be discounted as one of the

signs of a city moving in an unprecedented upward direction. This direction has
one setback – the city’s land area is definitely not increasing and so the direction
of growth should be planned in consideration of limited land resources.
Barangays in the northern part of the City are considered growth nodes and
can be developed to support the expansion. Idle lands and other agricultural
lands in the area that are no longer used for agricultural production can be
reclassified and converted to accommodate proposed urban uses. The Eastern
Visayas Regional Agri-Industrial Center, which is situated in the northern
portion of the city with an area of about 237 hectares, is also envisioned to spurt
business activities to bring urban expansion to the north.
Climate Change is one phenomenon that is beginning to affect into the

lives of people with the increase in frequency and severity of natural disasters.
In 2013, the city was totally devastated by super typhoon Yolanda leaving
thousands of people dead and homeless. Many Scientists link the destructive
natural hazards with climate change and extreme weather pattern. This is one
concern that has to be addressed as it encompasses many social concerns
including housing and health.
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1.2 Land Use Development Concept
The formulation of a conceptual land use plan includes a review of the

important considerations such as the following:
➢ Identification of problems, issues and concerns

➢ Recognition of strengths, weaknesses and opportunities and threats
➢ Vision and Mission Statements
➢ General Objectives and Strategies
➢ Existing Land Use and Land Use Trends
The following land use objectives were formulated after the evaluation
of the problems, issues and concerns in the sectoral situational analysis.
➢ To decongest the central business district (CBD) by expanding towards

the northern and southern portions of the city.
➢ Revise the master drainage plan of the city, in consideration of
topography and elevation, to address the worsening flooding problems
in the city proper and other nearby low lying areas.
➢ To formulate a pragmatic policy for urban informal settlers to prevent the
proliferation of illegal structures and provide housing opportunities to
qualified beneficiaries.
➢ To provide land area development for light to medium industries in the
Eastern Visayas Agri-Industrial Growth Center (EVRGC) to generate
economic activities and address unemployment.
➢ Adopt an effective conservation plan for ecologically sensitive areas
such as denuded forests and watershed areas, mangrove areas,
swamps and wetlands.
➢ To classify land areas suitable for agricultural uses and to promote
cultivation of short term crops for an adequate supply of vegetables and
other agricultural products in the local market.
➢ To strictly enforce the land use plan and regulate land use conversions
to sustain land use objectives and purpose.
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➢ To retrofit all government buildings in consideration of natural and man-

made hazards.
➢ To relocate informal settlers living in hazard prone area.
➢ To conduct intensive reforestation in landslide prone areas and along
creeks and rivers.
➢ To mainstream the Climate and Disaster Risks thru CDRA. The results
of the assessment are integrated to enhance the various aspects of the
CLUP formulation process such as visioning goal and strategy
generation, land use policy development/zoning and the identification of
appropriate programs projects and activities to support climate change
adaptation and disaster risk reduction.
1.3 Land Use Strategies
The following strategies are formulated in support of the land use

objectives towards the attainment of its Vision Statement. The land use
objectives as enumerated above will use these strategies and approach to
sustain the development plan on land use.
The decongestion of the urban proper through expansion of the

central business district will adopt the following strategies:
➢ Construction of road networks to open new exits and entrances to the

city proper.
➢ Expand zoning of commercial areas towards the south and northern
portions of the City.
➢ Develop a new business and financial park and buffer zone thru
reclamation of the coastal areas along Cancabato Bay.
➢ Extend Magsaysay Blvd from the south end towards the airport and from
the north end towards Naga-Naga district.
➢ Establish a freeway along the foot of Caiba-an, Utap, Naga-Naga and
Nula-Tula mountain ranges to complement Maharlika Highway.
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➢ Extend Caiba-an road up to the national road in Pawing, Palo, Leyte.

➢ Provide two parallel roads linking Marasbaras and Manlurip.
➢ Provide a main thoroughfare linking Marasbaras and Maharlika road.
➢ Establish more ancillary road facilities in appropriate areas especially in
the CBD.
To control flooding in the city proper and other low-lying areas, the
following mitigating activities are drawn:
1. Redesign the Master Drainage Plan adaptive to climate change to be

dubbed as “Storm Drainage and Flood Control system” to address the
present flood situation.
2. Design a pumping station specifically in low areas in the city proper.
3. Establish main drainage lines for the following:
➢ Mangonbangon River all the way to the mountain-side of Bgys. Utap
and Apitong.
➢ Burayanriver all the way to V & G, mountain-side of Caibaan and
Imelda Village.
4. Establishment of waste water treatment plant on all rivers prior to the outfall.
Establishment of a network of drainage piping systems on all perennial
flooded-areas.
To minimize the impact of tsunami and storm surge, the following

will be adopted:
➢ Establishing greenbelt zone along coastal areas as a mitigating

measure.
➢ Construction of sturdy Tide embankment structure along the shorelines
of Cancabato Bay and San Pedro Bay to serve as protection measure.
To integrate climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction

and management in land use policies, the following has to be
institutionalized, among others:
City Planning and Development Office ix

➢ Strengthen the CCA-DRR policies on land use regulations by

constructing buffer areas in specific zones to synchronize with other
similar structural concepts
➢ Strict implementation of the “No Dwelling Zone” regulations with
sanctions for non-compliance.
➢ Integration of CCA-DRR program into the Barangay level for
grassroots awareness and reception.
➢ Encourage CCA-DRR compliant structures particularly on disaster
prone areas.
To respond to the worsening proliferation of urban informal settlers

and increasing housing backlog, the following are conceptualized:
➢ Construction of socialized housing units for the informal settlers under

R.A. 7279.
➢ Encourage realtors and developers to implement more socialized
housing projects by extending tax holidays and other similar incentives
➢ Offer for sale lots in the city government relocation areas to legitimate
beneficiaries presently occupying said lots.
➢ Identification and conversion of more lots for residential use to establish
more housing settlements specifically for Yolanda victims and those still
living along the shorelines and riverbanks or danger areas.
The Eastern Visayas Agri-Industrial Park will provide adequate land

area for light to medium industries. The following methodology will
ensure acceptability of City Government’s terms by investors/locators:
➢ Promote the Agri-Industrial Park and its existing tax incentives to

industrial investors/locators
➢ Provide land development to include basic facilities.
➢ Acquire the remaining identified agri-industrial park areas that have not
been up for negotiations and acquisition for a contiguous industrial zone.
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To effectively harness the ecological conservation plan, the City

calls for its full protection by way of implementation of regulatory laws
and coordination with the concerned specific agencies for the
management, rehabilitation and sustained development of the following
concerns:
➢ Mangroves and fish sanctuaries

➢ Watershed areas
➢ Hilly and mountainous areas prone to landslides
➢ Wetlands and swamps
➢ Easements
➢ Other areas of ecological and geological importance for the preservation
of the environment.
1.4 Conclusion
Land Use Planning is a tool towards the realization of the city’s

development thrust and response to make the first Highly Urbanized City of
Region Eight a sustainable economic, social and industrial hub of Eastern
Visayas. To put this into reality, the various sectoral divisions of the society
and governance were consulted and thorough dialogues, brainstorming,
meetings and conferences resulted in the identification of problems, availability
of resources and highlighted the city’s strengths.
The participation of the different stakeholders in the planning process

ensured that the plan is holistic and encompassing. They have identified their
respective sectoral concerns and laid out all aspects of development for a
cohesive approach towards the attainment of the Vision Statement.
Land allocation and planning will underline the various identified

geographic and demographic issues of the city and its response shall be
reflective of the different sectoral call for continued progress and growth.
City Planning and Development Office xi

FOREWORD
Tacloban City, the premier city of Region 8, the gateway to Mindanao

and Luzon and the economic hub of Eastern Visayas, has been through a
massive devastation but is unfazed and has begun the next step to recovery,
healing and redevelopment.
In reference to the Haiyan (Yolanda) disaster, Tacloban City’s

Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) that has been up for approval before
Yolanda struck, has been considered lacking and bereft of the real physical
development needs and recovery thrust in relation to the post Yolanda situation.
Four years into the recovery process, there is still much to be done. The CLUP
is considered the “bible” of these sectoral development thrusts with
considerations on financial constraints and limitations. At any given situation,
the city government is in a positive stance and as the development layout has
been conceptualized, the path towards redevelopment has been paved in
coordination with various international organizations and national agencies.
Just like other local government units, Tacloban City’s CLUP, is

inscribed to the locale’s unique features and socio-economic and physical
thrusts. Aside from the mandate, the CLUP is the direction which the City
Government of Tacloban will take in terms of physical development, social
service, economic plans and environmental concerns until 2025. This
regulatory manuscript includes also the City’s Zoning Ordinance.
With the commitment of the various departments of the City Government

of Tacloban and the support of the national agencies, other stakeholders,
international non-government organizations (INGOs) to include the USAID, UN
Habitat, Habitat for Humanity, JICA, OXFAM, WHO, CRS and others who gave
technical and financial assistance, the revision of the CLUP is deemed
technically successful.
xii City Planning and Development Office

As the redevelopment should be in conformity with the new guidelines

set by the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB), the Plan has
included and mainstreamed climate change adaptation and risk reduction
measures. Moreover, the sectoral studies and strategies were laid out in the
barangay level perspective which was not done in the previous and/or existing
CLUP.
In the standpoint of the City Government of Tacloban, the

Comprehensive Development Plan is the essential guide for resiliency
practices, recovery and redevelopment attuned to climate change and
environmental protection and conservation.
City Planning and Development Office xiii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The formulation and revision of the 2017-2025 Comprehensive Land

Use Plan (CLUP) of the City Government of Tacloban is not only a mandate for
every local government unit but more on the fact that Tacloban City has been
devastated by super typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda). The aftermath brought many
changes to the city such as the demographic profile, economic opportunities,
social thrusts, infra-utilities and environmental diversity. Considering climate
change and its global effects particularly to governance and land-use
management, it could only be seen as reason enough to formulate a land use
plan that is encompassing and conscious of changing weather patterns and the
frequency of natural disasters. This must also be reflective of the sectoral
thrusts of every local government unit.
Tacloban City would like to acknowledge the assistance of the various

Philippine national agencies for supporting the city with their development
programs, the RAY project on infrastructure and other such activities that were
directly provided to the constituents of Tacloban City.
Accordingly, Tacloban City Government is likewise grateful to the

various non-government organizations (NGOs) who lent a helping hand in the
recovery and redevelopment plans and programs particularly in the socio-
economic and infrastructure sectors. Nothing could be more fitting than to
recognize the technical and financial assistance extended by the different
international non-government organizations (INGOs) in the development
planning to include but not limited to USAID, UN Habitat, Habitat for Humanity,
Japan’s JICA, CRS, OXFAM, WHO, WASH and other
stakeholders/representatives who were instrumental in the formulation and
revision of this Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Zoning Ordinance.
It is also appropriate to thank the various departments of the City

Government of Tacloban and other government and non-government
stakeholders for their cooperation and coordination with the CLUP team to be
xiv City Planning and Development Office

able to come up with an exact and reliable long-term redevelopment, land use
plan and land use classification.
Credit is properly extended to City Mayor Alfred S. Romualdez for his

support in the whole process of the CLUP conceptualization, on-board planning
and finalization. He was an inspiration to the success of this manuscript.
Particular acknowledgement is extended to the City Planning and

Development Office with its CLUP Team headed by EnP. Rolando G. Hidalgo
together with the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) for crafting
the CLUP in accordance to the HLURB guidelines and outline.
Lastly, to God Almighty, for making everything possible, in all His glory
and mighty name. TO GOD BE THE GLORY.
City Planning and Development Office xv

Table of Contents
I. BRIEF PROFILE OF THE CITY ....................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER 1 BRIEF HISTORY ........................................................................................ 2
CHAPTER 2 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE ........................................................................ 8
2.1 Population Size and Growth Rate......................................................................... 8
2.2 Total Population and Household Population ......................................................... 8
2.3 Urban-Rural Household Population Distribution by Barangay .............................. 9
CHAPTER 3 GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION AND GEOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS ...... 14
3.1 Natural Drainage System ................................................................................... 17
3.2 Watersheds ........................................................................................................ 18
3.3 Forestry .............................................................................................................. 19
3.4 Territorial Jurisdiction and Barangay Subdivision ............................................... 24
CHAPTER 4 PHYSICAL FEATURES AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION ............... 29
4.1 Topography ........................................................................................................ 29
4.2 Geology/ Hydrogeological Features and Hazards .............................................. 30
4.3 Climatological Conditions ................................................................................... 33
4.4 Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment ......................................................... 35
4.5 Hazards in Tacloban City ................................................................................... 39
CHAPTER 5 EXISTING LAND USE AND LAND USE TRENDS .................................... 49
5.1 Commercial Area ................................................................................................ 50
5.2 Residential .......................................................................................................... 57
5.3 Solid Waste Management .................................................................................. 57
5.4 Water Uses......................................................................................................... 57
5.5 Land Use Trends on Timber Lands .................................................................... 58
5.6 Land Use Trends on Agricultural Lands ............................................................. 58
5.7 Land Use Trends on Heritage Sites.................................................................... 59
CHAPTER 6 INFRASTRUCTURE, FACILITIES AND UTILITIES ................................ 61
6.1 Transportation / Road Network ........................................................................... 61
6.2 Power ................................................................................................................. 84
6.3 Temperature ....................................................................................................... 90
6.4 Water Supply ...................................................................................................... 98
6.4 Information and Communication Technology ................................................... 109
6.5 Social Service Facilities / Utilities / Amenities ................................................... 115
CHAPTER 7 WASTE MANAGEMENT ........................................................................ 133
7.1 Institutional Arrangements ................................................................................ 133
7.2 Solid Waste ...................................................................................................... 134
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7.3 Liquid Waste ..................................................................................................... 140

7.4 Special Wastes................................................................................................. 141
CHAPTER 8 ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ..................................................................... 149
CHAPTER 9 DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS: PRIORITY ISSUES AND CONCERNS
155
CHAPTER 10 COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES AND COMPETITIVE EDGE ................ 157
10.1 Highly Urbanized City ....................................................................................... 157
10.2 Ecosystem and Biodiversity .............................................................................. 157
10.4 Transport of Goods and Services - Gateway.................................................... 157
10.5 Abundance in Human Resource ....................................................................... 158
10.6 Center of Trade and Commerce ....................................................................... 158
10.7 Availability of Health Services .......................................................................... 159
10.8 Tourism ............................................................................................................ 159
10.9 Light and Power................................................................................................ 159
CHAPTER 11 FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF THE CITY ........................................................ 160
11.1 Trading Hub ...................................................................................................... 160
11.2 Economic Power House in the Region ............................................................. 161
11.3 Investment Destination of the Philippines ......................................................... 163
11.4 Industrial Center in the Region ......................................................................... 166
11.5 Local tourists Destination of the Philippines ..................................................... 167
11.6 Center of Culture, Arts and Education .............................................................. 168
11.7 Center of Local Governance ............................................................................. 168
11.8 Health Center in the Region ............................................................................. 169
11.9 Resilient Model City of Eastern Visayas ........................................................... 170
ll. THE COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN .................................................................171
CHAPTER 1 VISION AND MISSION STATEMENTS ................................................. 172
1.1 Vision................................................................................................................ 172
1.2 Mission ............................................................................................................. 172
1.3 Goals ................................................................................................................ 172
1.4 Objectives......................................................................................................... 172
1.5 Targets ............................................................................................................. 173
1.6 Strategies ......................................................................................................... 173
CHAPTER 2 DEVELOPMENT THRUSTS AND STRATEGIES .................................... 180
2.1 Industrialization................................................................................................. 180
2.2 Real Estate Development ................................................................................. 180
2.3 Fiscal Development .......................................................................................... 181
2.4 Natural Hazard Resiliency Development .......................................................... 181
2.5 Sustained Agricultural Development................................................................. 182
2.6 Tourism Development ...................................................................................... 182
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2.7 Climate Change Adaptation Thrust................................................................... 182

2.8 ICT Projects ...................................................................................................... 182
2.9 Rehabilitation of Airport Facility ........................................................................ 183
CHAPTER 3 DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT AND STRUCTURE PLAN ......................... 188
3.1 Residential ........................................................................................................ 188
3.2 Coastal and Aquaculture Development ............................................................ 189
3.3 Planned City Extension (Northern Barangay Development) ............................. 190
3.4 Critical Facilities................................................................................................ 191
3.5 Cancabato Central Business District ................................................................ 193
CHAPTER 4 LAND USE PLAN................................................................................... 195
4.1 Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation ...................................................... 198
4.2 Proposed Land and Sea Uses .......................................................................... 199
4.3 Land and Water Use Policies ........................................................................... 253
4.4 Major Priority Development Programs .............................................................. 268
4.5 Potentials and Opportunities ............................................................................ 272
CHAPTER 5 CLUP AND ZO IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY/ ARRANGEMENT ..... 273
CHAPTER 6 MONITORING, REVIEW, AND EVALUATION SYSTEM......................... 278
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List of Maps
Map 1. Map of the Philippines ................................................................................................ 14
Map 2. Map of Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) ........................................................................ 15
Map 3. Index Map of Tacloban City........................................................................................ 16
Map 4. Land Cover Map ......................................................................................................... 20
Map 5. Tenurial Condition Map .............................................................................................. 21
Map 6. Watershed Map .......................................................................................................... 23
Map 7. Barangay Map ............................................................................................................ 24
Map 8. Topographic Map ....................................................................................................... 29
Map 9. Geologic Map ............................................................................................................. 32
Map 10. Rain-Induced Landslide Hazard Map ....................................................................... 43
Map 11. Flood Hazard Map .................................................................................................... 44
Map 12. Ground Shaking Hazard Map ................................................................................... 45
Map 13. Storm Surge Hazard Map......................................................................................... 46
Map 14. Liquefaction Hazard Map ......................................................................................... 47
Map 15. Tsunami Hazard Map ............................................................................................... 48
Map 16. Existing Land Use .................................................................................................... 49
Map 17. Existing Commercial Areas ...................................................................................... 56
Map 18. Existing Residential Areas........................................................................................ 60
Map 19. Existing Road Network ............................................................................................. 77
Map 20. Location of Bridges .................................................................................................. 83
Map 21. Communications Network Map .............................................................................. 114
Map 22. Location of Day Care Centers ................................................................................ 117
Map 23. Location of Public Elementary Schools .................................................................. 123
Map 24. Location of Public Secondary Schools ................................................................... 124
Map 25. Location of Social Welfare Facilities ....................................................................... 127
Map 26. Location of Government Health Centers and Health Stations ................................ 132
Map 27. Location of Proposed Wastewater Treatment Facilities ......................................... 145
Map 28. Location of Proposed Septage Treatment Facility .................................................. 148
Map 29. Structure/ Concept Map ......................................................................................... 188
Map 30. Proposed Land Use ............................................................................................... 195
Map 31. North Development Map ........................................................................................ 200
Map 32. Commercial Zone ................................................................................................... 207
Map 33. Proposed Residential Areas ................................................................................... 210
Map 34. Proposed Agricultural Areas................................................................................... 212
Map 35. Proposed Agri-Industrial Areas .............................................................................. 215
Map 36. Proposed Light Industrial Areas ............................................................................. 217
Map 37. Proposed and Existing Sanitary Landfill ................................................................. 220
Map 38. Proposed and Existing Slaughterhouse ................................................................. 223
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Map 39. Proposed and Existing Cemeteries ........................................................................ 226

Map 40. Proposed Tourism Areas........................................................................................ 228
Map 41. Proposed Parks and Recreation Areas .................................................................. 230
Map 42. Buffer/ Greenbelt Land Use.................................................................................... 233
Map 43. Proposed Transport Utilities ................................................................................... 234
Map 44. Timber Land ........................................................................................................... 236
Map 45. Water Uses ............................................................................................................ 238
Map 46. Prime Agricultural Land .......................................................................................... 257
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List of Figures
Figure 1. Temperature Projections of Tacloban City .............................................................. 36
Figure 2. Rainfall Projections of Tacloban City....................................................................... 37
Figure 3. Climate Model Projections 2020-2050 by GIZ......................................................... 38
Figure 4. Central Business District ......................................................................................... 50
Figure 5. Marasbaras Commercial District ............................................................................. 51
Figure 6. Abucay Commercial District .................................................................................... 52
Figure 7. Congressman Mate Avenue .................................................................................... 53
Figure 8. Utap-Apitong-Caibaan Commercial District............................................................. 54
Figure 9. Naga-Naga Junction to Brgy. Lower Nula-Tula and Diit .......................................... 55
Figure 10. Monthly Mean Temperature (1971-2000).............................................................. 90
Figure 11. Monthly Mean Temperature (1971-2000).............................................................. 91
Figure 12. Probability Density Functions for Mean Daily Temperature (1971-2000) .............. 92
Figure 13. Annual Mean Daily Temperature (1971-2000) ...................................................... 93
Figure 14. Decadal Monthly Mean Temperature for the Baseline Period (1971-2000) .......... 93
Figure 15. Monthly Total Precipitation (1971-2000) ............................................................... 94
Figure 16. Annual Total Precipitation (1971-2000) ................................................................. 95
Figure 17. Histogram for Precipitation (1971-2000) ............................................................... 96
Figure 18. Decadal Monthly Total Precipitation for the Baseline Period (1971-2000) ............ 97
City Planning and Development Office xxi

List of Tables
Table 1. Tacloban City Average Rate of Annual Growth Rate per Census Year ..................... 8
Table 2. Actual & Projected Population Household Population & No. of Households
Tacloban City, 2000-2025 ........................................................................................................ 9
Table 3. Urban-Rural, Actual and Projected Household Population, Tacloban City, 2014-
2025 ......................................................................................................................................... 9
Table 4. Protection Potential per Sub-Watershed, Tacloban City .......................................... 18
Table 5. Forest and Forestland Land Use Types by Category and Area, Tacloban City........ 19
Table 6. Sub-Watersheds by Category, Tacloban City .......................................................... 22
Table 7. Barangay Jurisdiction Matrix, Tacloban City ............................................................ 25
Table 8. Area Classification Matrix, Tacloban City ................................................................. 28
Table 9. Geologic Classification, Tacloban City ..................................................................... 31
Table 10. Comparative Mean Monthly Rainfall, Tacloban City ............................................... 33
Table 11-A. Mean and Minimum Monthly Temperature in Degrees Centigrade, Tacloban City,
2015 ....................................................................................................................................... 34
Table 12. Barangay Vulnerability/ Hazard Matrix, Tacloban City ........................................... 40
Table 13. Transportation Terminals by Location and Condition, 2015 ................................... 62
Table 14. Inventory of Public Land Transportation Vehicles by Type and Service Routes,
2015 ....................................................................................................................................... 63
Table 15. Other Modes of Transport and Facilities, 2015 ...................................................... 64
Table 16. Transport Related Projects, Approved/ Funded for Implementation, 2015 ............. 65
Table 17. Transportation Analysis Matrix ............................................................................... 65
Table 18. Inventory of Ancillary Road Facilities, 2015............................................................ 67
Table 19. Inventory of Bridges by Location, Type, Capacity and Condition, Tacloban City,
2015 ....................................................................................................................................... 69
Table 20. Inventory of Ancillary Road Facilities, 2015 ............................................................ 70
Table 21. Projected Urban Road Damaged Matrix, Tacloban City ......................................... 82
Table 22. Road Traffic Analysis Matrix, Tacloban City ........................................................... 82
Table 23. Households Served with Electricity for the Past Three Years ................................ 87
Table 24. Number of Connections by Type of User and Average Consumption for the Past
Three Years ........................................................................................................................... 87
Table 25. Projected Number of Connections by Type of Users and Average Consumption
(KWH/ Mo.) ............................................................................................................................ 89
Table 26. Power Substations, 2015 ....................................................................................... 89
Table 27. Power Analysis Matrix ............................................................................................ 89
Table 28. Number of Consumption by Type of Water Connections, Tacloban City, 2015...... 99
Table 29. Level I Water Supply System by Type and Number of Population Served, Year
2015 ..................................................................................................................................... 101
Table 30. Water Sources of Level ll Water Supply System .................................................. 104
xxii City Planning and Development Office

Table 31. Existing Surface Water Resources by Type and Classification, 2015 .................. 105
Table 32. Water Requirement by Barangay Population, 2015 ............................................. 105
Table 33. Classification of Fresh Surface Water .................................................................. 108
Table 34. Water Analysis Matrix........................................................................................... 109
Table 35. Communication Service Facilities, 2015 ............................................................... 110
Table 36. Type of Print Media Available, 2015 ..................................................................... 111
Table 37. Cell Site Network, 2015 ........................................................................................ 111
Table 38. Information and Communication Technology Analysis Matrix .............................. 113
Table 39. Location of Day Care Centers, Tacloban City, 2015 ............................................ 115
Table 40. Protective Services by Facility and Equipment, Tacloban City, 2015 ................... 118
Table 41. Public Elementary and High Schools Facilities, Tacloban City, 2015 ................... 119
Table 42. Social Welfare Facilities, Tacloban City, 2015 ..................................................... 125
Table 43. Housing Facilities and Utilities Situation for the Past Three Censal Years (2007,
2010, 2014), Tacloban City .................................................................................................. 128
Table 44. Medical Health Facilities and Personnel, Tacloban City, 2015 ............................. 130
Table 45. Key Characteristics of Generated Solid Waste, Tacloban City, 2011 ................... 135
Table 46. Household Waste Characteristics, Tacloban City, 2015....................................... 135
Table 47. Projected Solid Waste Generation, Tacloban City, 2016-2025 ............................ 136
Table 48. Percentage Distribution of Garbage, Tacloban City ............................................. 137
Table 49. Revenue Derived from Existing Major Agricultural Crops by Area and Production,
2015 ..................................................................................................................................... 149
Table 50. Comparative Agricultural Crop Areas and Production, Tacloban City, 2014-2015 150
Table 51. Existing Livestock and Poultry Farms, Tacloban City, 2015 ................................. 150
Table 52. Revenue Derived from Livestock and Poultry Business, Tacloban City, 2015 ..... 150
Table 53. Existing Fishing Grounds and Aquaculture Production, Tacloban City, 2015 ....... 151
Table 54. Area and Location of Forestlands by Sub-Category and Primary Use ................. 152
Table 55. Volume of Production by Forest Concessionaires, 2015 ...................................... 153
Table 56. Employment by Type/ Classification/ Type of Business and Trade ...................... 153
Table 57. Local Revenue and Industrial Establishment, 2011 - 2015 .................................. 154
Table 58. Income Class by City, Region VIII, 2011 .............................................................. 161
Table 59. Density, Population Growth, Average Household, Migration Pattern and Poverty
Incidence by City, Region VIII, 1995-2000 Census .............................................................. 162
Table 60. Vision Indicators, Tacloban City ........................................................................... 174
Table 61. Proposed Land Uses ............................................................................................ 197
Table 62. Summary of Projected Climate Changes in Tacloban City ................................... 198
Table 63. Existing and Proposed Commercial Zone ............................................................ 206
Table 64. Agricultural Zone Land Use .................................................................................. 211
Table 65. Proposed and Existing Agri-Industrial Zone ......................................................... 214
Table 66. Proposed and Existing Light-Industrial Land Use................................................. 216
Table 67. Proposed and Existing Sanitary Landfill ............................................................... 219
City Planning and Development Office xxiii

Table 68. Existing and Proposed Slaughterhouse Facility ................................................... 221

Table 69. Proposed and Existing Cemeteries ...................................................................... 225
Table 70. Existing and Proposed Tourism Zone .................................................................. 227
Table 71. Existing and Proposed Parks and Open Spaces.................................................. 229
Table 72. Existing Transport and Utilities ............................................................................. 231
Table 73. Existing and Proposed Timber Land .................................................................... 235
Table 74. Water Uses .......................................................................................................... 237
Table 75. Burayan River ...................................................................................................... 240
Table 76. Mahayahay River ................................................................................................. 240
Table 77. Kanpayapay River ................................................................................................ 240
Table 78. Abucay River 2 ..................................................................................................... 241
Table 79. Tanghas- Lirang River .......................................................................................... 241
Table 80. Naga-Naga River ................................................................................................. 242
Table 81. Nula-Tula River .................................................................................................... 242
Table 82. Bagacay River ...................................................................................................... 242
Table 83. Abucay River 1 ..................................................................................................... 243
Table 84. Tigbao River ......................................................................................................... 243
Table 85. Diit River............................................................................................................... 243
Table 86. Baruguan River 2 ................................................................................................. 243
Table 87. Suhi River 2.......................................................................................................... 244
Table 88. Suhi River 1.......................................................................................................... 244
Table 89. Sta. Elena River 1 ................................................................................................ 244
Table 90. Sta. Elena River 2 ................................................................................................ 244
Table 91. Existing Land Protection Area .............................................................................. 247
Table 92. Summary of River Easements .............................................................................. 248
Table 93. Existing Mangrove Area ....................................................................................... 253
xxiv City Planning and Development Office

I. BRIEF PROFILE OF THE CITY
City Planning and Development Office 1

CHAPTER 1 BRIEF HISTORY
Its Beginnings
Tacloban City was formerly known as Kankabatok, named after the first
settler Kabatok who occupied the area around the present Sto. Niño Church.
Other inhabitants who came later were Gumoda, Haranging and Huraw who
settled then in nearby areas. The Kanhuraw Hill, where the City Hall is
presently situated, was formerly Huraw’s domain. The whole settlement area
was called Kankabatok, meaning Kabatok’s property.
Kankabatok was formerly under the political administration of Palo but

under the parochial jurisdiction of Basey, Samar. The Augustinian Mission
discovered Kankabatok in 1770 and subsequently, the Franciscans came later
in 1813. During this period, Kankabatok was renamed "Tarakluban” which
means the place where the inhabitants use the “Taklub”, a bamboo contraption,
to catch crabs, shrimps and fish. Later, the name of the place evolved from
"Tarakluban" to its present name, Tacloban.
Although no official records show, it is commonly believed that Tacloban

was officially proclaimed a municipality in 1770, after the provinces in Leyte and
Samar were separated in 1768. Since then, Tacloban became a trading point
between the two provinces because of its strategic location. On February 26,
1830, Tacloban became the capital of Leyte because of the ideal location of its
port which is well sheltered and had adequate facilities.
Before and During the War
Colonel Murray arrived in Tacloban in 1901 and became the first Military
Governor of Leyte. He opened the Tacloban port to world commerce,
especially for copra and abaca, which were exported in large quantities. Before
World War II, Tacloban was the center of commerce, education, social and
cultural activities in Leyte. The educational institutions were: Leyte Normal
School, now the Leyte Normal University; Leyte High School now known as the
2 City Planning and Development Office

Leyte National High School; Leyte Trade School which today is the Eastern
Visayas State University; Holy Infant Academy, which is now Holy Infant
College and the Tacloban Catholic Institute.
On May 25, 1942, Japanese Forces landed in Tacloban and started a

three-year Japanese occupation of Leyte. The Japanese forces fortified
Tacloban, improved its airfield and established San Pedro Bay as a port of call
and entry for the Japanese Imperial Naval Forces. During the Japanese
occupation, many guerilla forces were organized and the most famous was the
group of Colonel Ruperto Kangleon.
As the people of Tacloban and those from other municipalities in Leyte

and Samar fought for their freedom, there was always a complement of brave
men and women for the cause, and together, as they made alliances with the
movement, helping in any way they could, they were aware that the day will
come when tyranny will be vanquished by the Allied Forces.
On October 20, 1944, General Douglas MacArthur and his troops landed
on the Tacloban-Palo beaches (White Beach and Red Beach) and the
neighboring town of Dulag (Blue Beach) and liberated Leyte from the Japanese
Forces. October 23, 1944, General MacArthur, accompanied by President
Sergio Osmeña, made Tacloban the temporary seat and temporary capital of
the Commonwealth Government until final liberation of the country. Famous
landmarks erected during the liberation were the Joseph Price Mansion, where
General MacArthur set up his headquarters, and the Redoña Residence. It was
during this period that the Provincial Government of Leyte and the Municipal
Government of Tacloban were re-established. Atty. Paulo Jaro was the
Liberation Mayor of Tacloban and Mr. Epifanio Aguirre became the first mayor
upon the inauguration of the Philippine Republic.
From a Municipality to a Component City
The Municipality of Tacloban was now a booming locality as it was re-

established as a center of trade and industry owing to its strategic location.
Traders and businessmen opened their respective businesses in the

municipality as Tacloban evolved to become a major economic hub in the

region.
On June 20, 1952, Tacloban was proclaimed a chartered city by virtue

of Republic Act No. 760 which took effect on June 12, 1953. The charter was
signed by President Elpidio Quirino and witnessed by then incumbent Mayor,
Ildefonso Cinco, who by operation of law, became the first City Mayor.
On June 30, 1954, on the Feast Day of Sr. Sto. Niño, the Patron Saint
of Tacloban, Speaker of the House of Representatives Jose P. Laurel did the
honor of laying the cornerstone for the Tacloban City Hall at Kanhuraw Hill.
As a new city, Tacloban attracted businessmen looking for sound

investment prospects while people from neighboring towns slowly began to look
for opportunities and laid roots in the city.
Artemio E. Mate, the second City Mayor of Tacloban City, succeeded

Hon. Ildefonso Cinco, who became Governor of the Province of Leyte. The
decade of the 60's ushered economic and physical developments in the city
under the administration of President Ferdinand E. Marcos with his First Lady
Imelda Romualdez Marcos, who hails from Tolosa, Leyte.
During the late 60's and the early 70's, Tacloban City was gradually
changing from a less obvious to a more prominent city. Government and
cultural institutions were established such as the National Maritime Polytechnic,
UP Tacloban, Sto. Niño Shrine and the People's Center and Library among
others. This period saw the construction of the San Juanico Bridge, the longest
bridge in the Philippines linking the islands of Leyte and Samar.
Simultaneously, the construction of the Maharlika Highway, the improvement
of the DZR Airport and the Tacloban Sea Port and many other infrastructure
projects promoted Tacloban City to the business sector and to national and
foreign investors.
On September 24, 1972, Tacloban became a part of the Integrated

Reorganization Plan by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 1 of the New Society

under Proclamation 1081 declaring Martial Law in the Philippines. During the
time, Mayor Filomeno Arteche was the incumbent Mayor.
On May 12, 1976, President Marcos appointed Obdulia R. Cinco as
Mayor of Tacloban City. The latter returned to the seat when she won in the
local elections on January 30, 1980 becoming the first elected lady Mayor of
Tacloban City.
Aftermath of the EDSA Revolution
In 1986, after Corazon Aquino was placed into the presidency by virtue
of the EDSA Revolution, Mayor Cinco was replaced by Emmanuel K. Veloso
who stayed until the elections of 1988. This time, another Mate was elected as
Mayor. The younger brother of former Mayor and Congressman Artemio E.
Mate, Uldarico E. Mate, won the elections and became the first elected Mayor
after the EDSA Revolution.
Uldarico E. Mate was given a mandate of three terms as Mayor of

Tacloban City. During his term, Tacloban City evolved and progressed, lifting
its economic, social and infrastructure sectors as Tacloban was categorized as
a First Class City. The business sector's confidence in the economic standing
of the city boosted its prospects and local and international entrepreneurs came
in to put up businesses in the city.
In the mid 90's, Tacloban City worked out for the acquisition of 237
hectares of land for its Economic Zone, which was finally realized and approved
by the Philippine Economic Zone Authority by virtue of Presidential
Proclamation No. 1210 on April 23, 1998. The Eastern Visayas Agro-Industrial
Growth Center (EVRGC) was then officially registered as an Eco-Zone with the
City Government of Tacloban as the developer/operator.
On June 30, 1998, Alfredto T. Romualdez succeeded Uldarico Mate as

the Mayor of Tacloban City. June 12, 2003, was a grand day for Tacloban City
as it celebrated its Golden Anniversary as a charted city with fitting rites and
activities with Mayor Alfredo T. Romualdez at its helm. Celebrating the 50 th
anniversary of Tacloban's cityhood showed the long trail of significant activities

leading to the present status of Tacloban by which economic, infrastructural

and social gains were achieved.
Mayor Alfredo T. Romualdez was given a three term mandate by the

people of Tacloban. Before ending his term on June 30, 2007, his son, Alfred
S. Romualdez, won in the mayoralty race during the May, 2007 election. It is
during Mayor Alfred’s term that the vision to make Tacloban a Highly Urbanized
City (HUC) was realized.
A Highly Urbanized City
Treading in the path of the former Mayor Alfredo Romualdez, the

incumbent, Mayor Alfred S. Romualdez, prepared Tacloban City for its
conversion from a component city to a highly urbanized city. On October 15,
2008, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo declared Tacloban a Highly
Urbanized City by virtue of Presidential Proclamation No. 1637 which was
ratified by a unanimous Yes vote on December 18, 2008, officially establishing
Tacloban as a highly urbanized city.
Tacloban City has become independent from the province of Leyte by

virtue of this historical ascend. From its modest beginnings, Tacloban City
became the premier city of Eastern Visayas, gateway of the region, and the
center of commerce, trade and industry, education and communication and
technology.
The Devastation of the City
On November 8, 2013, Super Typhoon Haiyan, was forecasted to make

landfall in the Philippines. It was then locally named Yolanda as it entered the
Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR). In a very audacious fate, Tacloban City
lay in its path and its people were unaware of what was to come with a storm
that was categorized as a super typhoon. As super typhoon Yolanda made
landfall in the city at around 5 AM, its recorded strength by international weather
forecasters hit 378 kph. It was considered the world’s strongest recorded

typhoon. In the events that followed, the howling winds, which lasted about 5
hours, brought total devastation to the city.
The onslaught of Yolanda was more destructive as storm surges went

as high as 25 to 35 feet along shorelines and went inwards toward the
downtown area and most barangays in the low lying areas, destroying
everything along its path. The destruction was unimaginable as it almost wiped
out the entire city. It resulted in deaths of more than 2 thousand individuals with
a thousand more missing.
This was the most horrific situation that the city faced. The odds of the
government becoming helpless without any choice for immediate recovery
were imminent. Fortunately, support poured in from local and international
organizations and the national government. In a matter of months, the city
started to pick up the pieces and was on its way towards recovery and
rehabilitation. The resiliency of its people was tested to the core and the
Taclobanon’s showed its inner strength and determination to stand up and to
never allow obstacles to deter its resolve to have a new life in a place they
called home.
Being the first HUC of Region VIII, with economic opportunities for its
people and the nearby municipalities, Tacloban City eventually hastened the
pace of recovery despite the odds. Tacloban City achieved more in a
conspicuous state and continued to grow in terms of its physical, economic and
social aspect while maintaining a high level of service to its people with
governance steeped in practicality, humanity and equitability.
As growth was accompanied by pain, there was the gain to look forward
to which made the process more fulfilling. Tacloban will no longer be the same.
There is no looking back – only with a forward stance towards a bright future
for the city and its people.

CHAPTER 2 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
2.1 Population Size and Growth Rate
Tacloban City records a steady growing population count from 1903 until
the 1948 census and fluctuated in the succeeding years. The highest recorded
Average Annual Rate of Increase for the period was 4.90% during the censal
year 1980. Inversely, the lowest growth rate of 1.07 percent was recorded
during the censal year 1975. Below is the table showing actual population
count from 1903 to the most recent, 2014.
Table 1. Tacloban City Average Rate of Annual Growth Rate

per Census Year
ACTUAL
CENSUS YEAR GROWTH RATE
POPULATION
1903 11,943 1.78
1918 15,787 3.47
1939 31,233 3.92
1948 45,421 4.25
1960 53,551 1.38
1970 76,531 3.64
1975 80,707 1.07
1980 102,523 4.90
1990 136,890 2.93
1995 167,310 3.84
2000 178,639 1.41
2007 217,199 2.73
2010 221,174 2.16
2014 239,938 2.13
2015 242,809 2.13
Source: PSA
2.2 Total Population and Household Population
As of 2014 census, the Household Population of Tacloban City was

counted at 239,938. The Total Population as of August 1, 2015, as recorded
by the Phil. Statistics Authority (PSA), is at 242,809.Tacloban City’s total
household is counted at 56,988 with an average household size of 4.3
members. The table in the next page will show the corresponding projected
population and projected number of households with an annual growth rate of
2.13% having an average household size of 4.3 members per household.

Table 2. Actual & Projected Population

Household Population & No. of Households
Tacloban City, 2000-2025
YEAR TOTAL POPULATION HH POPULATION NO. OF HHS
2000 178,639 177,602 34,758

2007 217,199 216,414 42,522
2010 221,174 219,314 45,478
2014 240,629 239,938 50,890
2015 242,809 245,049 56,988
2016 247,245 250,268 58,202
2017 252,512 255,599 59,442
2018 257,890 261,043 60,708
2019 263,461 266,603 62,001
2020 269,072 272,282 63,321
2021 274,084 278,082 64,670
2022 280,657 284,005 66,048
2023 286,635 290,054 67,454
2024 292,740 296,232 68,891
2025 298,976 302,542 70,359
Source: PSA, CPDO Computation of Projected HH& Total Population uses AGR of 2.13
Bold numbers are actual population count/household count
2.3 Urban-Rural Household Population Distribution by Barangay
Of the 138 barangays of Tacloban City, 17 are Rural Barangays and 121
are Urban Barangays. Given the 2014 census, the city’s household population
of 239,938 is concentrated in the urban barangays with a total urban household
population count of 202,251 while the rural population count is 37,687. In
percentage distribution, urban population is 84.29% of the total population while
15.71% accounts for the population in the rural barangays.
In the following table, the projected urban and rural population until the
year 2025 is shown given the annual rate increase of 2.13%.
Table 3. Urban-Rural, Actual and Projected Household Population,

Tacloban City, 2014-2025
RURAL LAND ACTUAL PROJECTED

BRGYS. AREA 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
12 46.84 2,219 2,266 2,315 2,364 2,414 2,466 2,518 2,572 2,627 2,682 2,740 2,798
37-A 39.79 1,223 1,249 1,276 1,303 1,331 1,359 1,388 1,417 1,448 1,478 1,510 1,542
93 1,110.84 5,242 5,354 5,468 5,584 5,703 5,825 5,949 6,075 6,205 6,337 6,472 6,610
94-A 135.84 1,555 1,588 1,622 1,656 1,692 1,728 1,765 1,802 1,841 1,880 1,920 1,961
97 389.58 3,312 3,383 3,455 3,528 3,603 3,680 3,758 3,839 3,920 4,004 4,089 4,176
98 970.51 1,367 1,396 1,426 1,456 1,487 1,519 1,551 1,584 1,618 1,653 1,688 1,724

RURAL LAND ACTUAL PROJECTED

BRGYS. AREA 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
99 225.17 5,670 5,791 5,914 6,040 6,169 6,300 6,434 6,571 6,711 6,854 7,000 7,149
100 432.05 2,989 3,053 3,118 3,184 3,252 3,321 3,392 3,464 3,538 3,613 3,690 3,769
101 203.74 1,441 1,472 1,503 1,535 1,568 1,601 1,635 1,670 1,706 1,742 1,779 1,817
102 117.55 484 494 505 516 527 538 549 561 573 585 598 610
103 600.66 4,142 4,230 4,320 4,412 4,506 4,602 4,700 4,800 4,903 5,007 5,114 5,223
103A 494.37 534 545 557 569 581 593 606 619 632 646 659 673
104 397.84 2,214 2,261 2,309 2,359 2,409 2,460 2,512 2,566 2,621 2,676 2,733 2,792
105 817.25 1,619 1,653 1,689 1,725 1,761 1,799 1,837 1,876 1,916 1,957 1,999 2,041
106 585.70 1,539 1,572 1,605 1,639 1,674 1,710 1,746 1,784 1,822 1,860 1,900 1,941
107 188.88 1,148 1,172 1,197 1,223 1,249 1,276 1,303 1,331 1,359 1,388 1,417 1,448
108 308.18 989 1,010 1,032 1,054 1,076 1,099 1,122 1,146 1,171 1,196 1,221 1,247
TOTAL 37,687 38,489 39,311 40,147 41,002 41,876 42,765 43,677 44,611 45,558 46,529 47,521
URBAN LAND ACTUAL PROJECTED

BRGYS. AREA 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
1&4 36.54 1,184 1,209 1,235 1,261 1,288 1,316 1,344 1,372 1,401 1,431 1,462 1,493
2 15.44 410 419 428 437 446 456 465 475 485 496 506 517
3 60.81 2,674 2,731 2,789 2,849 2,909 2,971 3,034 3,099 3,165 3,233 3,301 3,372
5 2.85 358 366 373 381 389 398 406 415 424 433 442 451
5A 2.32 404 413 421 430 440 449 458 468 478 488 499 509
6 12.25 1,209 1,235 1,261 1,288 1,315 1,343 1,372 1,401 1,431 1,462 1,493 1,524
6A 3.04 1,730 1,767 1,804 1,843 1,882 1,922 1,963 2,005 2,048 2,091 2,136 2,181
7 1.38 320 327 334 341 348 356 363 371 379 387 395 403
8 1.67 253 258 264 270 275 281 287 293 299 306 312 319
8A 1.23 199 203 208 212 217 221 226 231 236 241 246 251
13 1.21 107 109 112 114 116 119 121 124 127 129 132 135
14 2.17 162 165 169 173 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204
15 2.04 93 95 97 99 101 103 106 108 110 112 115 117
16 1.15 246 251 257 262 268 273 279 285 291 297 304 310
17 2.09 103 105 107 110 112 114 117 119 122 125 127 130
18 0.94 223 228 233 238 243 248 253 258 264 270 275 281
19 1.59 243 248 253 259 264 270 276 282 288 294 300 306
20 2.85 492 502 513 524 535 547 558 570 582 595 607 620
21 0.90 295 301 308 314 321 328 335 342 349 357 364 372
21A 1.65 266 272 277 283 289 296 302 308 315 322 328 335
22 1.13 90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 107 109 111 113
23 1.64 470 480 490 501 511 522 533 545 556 568 580 593
23A 1.29 534 545 557 569 581 593 606 619 632 646 659 673
24 2.44 299 305 312 319 325 332 339 347 354 361 369 377
25 19.96 1,409 1,439 1,470 1,501 1,533 1,566 1,599 1,633 1,668 1,703 1,740 1,777
26 1.39 184 188 192 196 200 204 209 213 218 222 227 232
27 3.27 236 241 246 251 257 262 268 274 279 285 291 298
28 1.54 302 308 315 322 329 336 343 350 357 365 373 381


BRGYS. AREA 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
29 1.37 188 192 196 200 205 209 213 218 223 227 232 237
30 1.15 119 122 124 127 129 132 135 138 141 144 147 150
31 1.73 321 328 335 342 349 357 364 372 380 388 396 405
32 1.46 115 117 120 123 125 128 131 133 136 139 142 145
33 1.36 212 217 221 226 231 236 241 246 251 256 262 267
34 1.47 155 158 162 165 169 172 176 180 183 187 191 195
35 0.81 196 200 204 209 213 218 222 227 232 237 242 247
35-A 1.12 469 479 489 500 510 521 532 544 555 567 579 591
36 1.03 1,295 1,323 1,351 1,380 1,409 1,439 1,470 1,501 1,533 1,565 1,599 1,633
36-A 34.40 779 796 813 830 848 866 884 903 922 942 962 982
37 8.95 3,515 3,590 3,666 3,744 3,824 3,906 3,989 4,074 4,161 4,249 4,340 4,432
38 2.33 381 389 397 406 415 423 432 442 451 461 470 480
39 21.07 3,056 3,121 3,188 3,255 3,325 3,396 3,468 3,542 3,617 3,694 3,773 3,853
40 1.18 176 180 184 187 191 196 200 204 208 213 217 222
41 1.32 94 96 98 100 102 104 107 109 111 114 116 119
42 1.48 905 924 944 964 985 1,006 1,027 1,049 1,071 1,094 1,117 1,141
42-A 5.53 2,526 2,580 2,635 2,691 2,748 2,807 2,867 2,928 2,990 3,054 3,119 3,185
43 1.72 397 405 414 423 432 441 451 460 470 480 490 501
43-A 2.47 1,116 1,140 1,164 1,189 1,214 1,240 1,266 1,293 1,321 1,349 1,378 1,407
43-B 6.59 1,036 1,058 1,081 1,104 1,127 1,151 1,176 1,201 1,226 1,252 1,279 1,306
44 3.20 448 458 467 477 487 498 508 519 530 542 553 565
44-A 3.25 226 231 236 241 246 251 256 262 268 273 279 285
45 6.17 255 260 266 272 277 283 289 296 302 308 315 322
46 1.70 434 443 453 462 472 482 493 503 514 525 536 547
47 3.28 582 594 607 620 633 647 660 675 689 704 719 734
48 1.54 377 385 393 402 410 419 428 437 446 456 465 475
48-A 1.49 567 579 591 604 617 630 643 657 671 685 700 715
48-B 1.57 519 530 541 553 565 577 589 602 614 627 641 654
49 14.73 1,952 1,994 2,036 2,079 2,124 2,169 2,215 2,262 2,311 2,360 2,410 2,461
50 5.57 264 270 275 281 287 293 300 306 312 319 326 333
50-A 7.52 749 765 781 798 815 832 850 868 887 905 925 944
50-B 2.83 844 862 880 899 918 938 958 978 999 1,020 1,042 1,064
51 1.64 329 336 343 350 358 366 373 381 389 398 406 415
51-A 0.65 227 232 237 242 247 252 258 263 269 274 280 286
52 4.16 1,092 1,115 1,139 1,163 1,188 1,213 1,239 1,266 1,293 1,320 1,348 1,377
53 4.08 663 677 692 706 721 737 752 768 785 801 819 836
54 7.89 820 837 855 874 892 911 931 950 971 991 1,012 1,034
54-A 2.49 770 786 803 820 838 856 874 892 911 931 951 971
55 4.28 868 886 905 925 944 964 985 1,006 1,027 1,049 1,072 1,094
56 6.59 1,227 1,253 1,280 1,307 1,335 1,363 1,392 1,422 1,452 1,483 1,515 1,547
56-A 3.12 603 616 629 642 656 670 684 699 714 729 744 760
57 4.01 1,191 1,216 1,242 1,269 1,296 1,323 1,352 1,380 1,410 1,440 1,470 1,502


BRGYS. AREA 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
58 5.64 873 892 911 930 950 970 991 1,012 1,033 1,055 1,078 1,101
59 37.38 3,364 3,436 3,509 3,584 3,660 3,738 3,817 3,899 3,982 4,067 4,153 4,242
59-A 14.86 3,998 4,083 4,170 4,259 4,350 4,442 4,537 4,634 4,732 4,833 4,936 5,041
59-B 5.90 735 751 767 783 800 817 834 852 870 889 907 927
60 3.51 1,122 1,146 1,170 1,195 1,221 1,247 1,273 1,300 1,328 1,356 1,385 1,415
60-A 3.62 898 917 937 957 977 998 1,019 1,041 1,063 1,086 1,109 1,132
61 6.41 749 765 781 798 815 832 850 868 887 905 925 944
62 15.81 1,500 1,532 1,565 1,598 1,632 1,667 1,702 1,738 1,775 1,813 1,852 1,891
62A 16.60 5,471 5,588 5,707 5,828 5,952 6,079 6,209 6,341 6,476 6,614 6,755 6,898
62-B 16.60 4,583 4,681 4,780 4,882 4,986 5,092 5,201 5,312 5,425 5,540 5,658 5,779
63 14.52 2,472 2,525 2,578 2,633 2,689 2,747 2,805 2,865 2,926 2,988 3,052 3,117
64 9.57 2,318 2,367 2,418 2,469 2,522 2,576 2,630 2,686 2,744 2,802 2,862 2,923
65 9.40 1,452 1,483 1,515 1,547 1,580 1,613 1,648 1,683 1,719 1,755 1,793 1,831
66 4.08 1,291 1,318 1,347 1,375 1,405 1,434 1,465 1,496 1,528 1,561 1,594 1,628
66-A 3.64 1,289 1,316 1,344 1,373 1,402 1,432 1,463 1,494 1,526 1,558 1,591 1,625
67 5.54 1,315 1,343 1,372 1,401 1,431 1,461 1,492 1,524 1,557 1,590 1,624 1,658
68 8.92 2,058 2,102 2,147 2,192 2,239 2,287 2,335 2,385 2,436 2,488 2,541 2,595
69 32.42 2,542 2,596 2,651 2,708 2,766 2,825 2,885 2,946 3,009 3,073 3,138 3,205
70 4.49 1,032 1,054 1,076 1,099 1,123 1,147 1,171 1,196 1,222 1,248 1,274 1,301
71 80.13 5,879 6,004 6,132 6,263 6,396 6,532 6,671 6,814 6,959 7,107 7,258 7,413
72 15.57 750 766 782 799 816 833 851 869 888 907 926 946
73 4.29 414 423 432 441 450 460 470 480 490 500 511 522
74 115.38 8,662 8,847 9,035 9,227 9,424 9,625 9,830 10,039 10,253 10,471 10,694 10,922
75 17.50 757 773 790 806 824 841 859 877 896 915 935 955
76 15.11 918 938 958 978 999 1,020 1,042 1,064 1,087 1,110 1,133 1,158
77 70.21 3,211 3,279 3,349 3,421 3,493 3,568 3,644 3,721 3,801 3,882 3,964 4,049
78 38.54 2,289 2,338 2,388 2,438 2,490 2,543 2,598 2,653 2,709 2,767 2,826 2,886
79 22.63 1,604 1,638 1,673 1,709 1,745 1,782 1,820 1,859 1,899 1,939 1,980 2,023
80 15.09 1,332 1,360 1,389 1,419 1,449 1,480 1,512 1,544 1,577 1,610 1,645 1,680
81 58.50 822 840 857 876 894 913 933 953 973 994 1,015 1,036
82 59.06 1,444 1,475 1,506 1,538 1,571 1,604 1,639 1,674 1,709 1,746 1,783 1,821
83 14.49 2,647 2,703 2,761 2,820 2,880 2,941 3,004 3,068 3,133 3,200 3,268 3,338
83-A 15.85 1,781 1,819 1,858 1,897 1,938 1,979 2,021 2,064 2,108 2,153 2,199 2,246
83-B 71.13 2,860 2,921 2,983 3,047 3,112 3,178 3,246 3,315 3,385 3,457 3,531 3,606
83-C 10.99 3,873 3,955 4,040 4,126 4,214 4,303 4,395 4,489 4,584 4,682 4,782 4,884
84 100.86 6,312 6,446 6,584 6,724 6,867 7,013 7,163 7,315 7,471 7,630 7,793 7,959
85 6.90 1,376 1,405 1,435 1,466 1,497 1,529 1,561 1,595 1,629 1,663 1,699 1,735
86 8.72 1,179 1,204 1,230 1,256 1,283 1,310 1,338 1,366 1,396 1,425 1,456 1,487
87 59.06 3,217 3,286 3,356 3,427 3,500 3,575 3,651 3,728 3,808 3,889 3,972 4,056
88 224.49 7,036 7,186 7,339 7,495 7,655 7,818 7,984 8,155 8,328 8,506 8,687 8,872
89 99.70 4,319 4,411 4,505 4,601 4,699 4,799 4,901 5,006 5,112 5,221 5,332 5,446
90 27.93 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108


BRGYS. AREA 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
91 687.85 10,343 10,563 10,788 11,018 11,253 11,492 11,737 11,987 12,243 12,503 12,770 13,042
92 129.26 4,706 4,806 4,909 5,013 5,120 5,229 5,340 5,454 5,570 5,689 5,810 5,934
94 124.06 2,606 2,662 2,718 2,776 2,835 2,896 2,957 3,020 3,085 3,150 3,217 3,286
95 133.06 7,170 7,323 7,479 7,638 7,801 7,967 8,137 8,310 8,487 8,668 8,852 9,041
95-A 132.72 3,915 3,998 4,084 4,171 4,259 4,350 4,443 4,537 4,634 4,733 4,834 4,936
96 53.98 6,838 6,984 7,132 7,284 7,439 7,598 7,760 7,925 8,094 8,266 8,442 8,622
109 60.69 5,364 5,478 5,595 5,714 5,836 5,960 6,087 6,217 6,349 6,484 6,623 6,764
109-A 90.16 7,554 7,715 7,879 8,047 8,218 8,394 8,572 8,755 8,941 9,132 9,326 9,525
110 286.13 5,372 5,486 5,603 5,723 5,845 5,969 6,096 6,226 6,359 6,494 6,632 6,774
TOTAL 202,251 206,557 210,960 215,455 220,041 224,729 229,515 234,406 239,400 244,494 249,701 255,018

CHAPTER 3 GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION AND

GEOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS
Tacloban City is located in the northeastern part of the Island of Leyte,

one of the islands in Eastern Visayas or Region 8. It lies 11 degrees 14’ 38.19”
north latitude and 125 degrees 0’ 18.24” East longitude and is situated about
571.54 kilometers southeast of Manila.
Map 1. Map of the Philippines

Map 2. Map of Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)

Map 3. Index Map of Tacloban City
Tacloban's territorial area is 20,172 hectares or equivalent to 201.72in

sq. km. that included the small islands, sea water and mainland that defines the
boundary of the city.

3.1 Natural Drainage System
The urban area of Tacloban City has four major natural drainage ways
namely; Abucay and Mangonbangon rivers, which empties to Anibong bay,
while Tanghas-Lirang and Burayan rivers empties to Cancabato Bay. Likewise,
these urban natural drainage ways, Abucay, Mangonbangon and Burayan
Rivers serve as urban drainage channels
Likewise, the city has four bodies of water serving as drainage outlets of
these rivers and creeks. These bodies of water are Anibong and Panalaron
Bays situated in the North, and Cancabato, San Pedro and San Pablo Bays
situated in the East. The other smaller natural drainage ways located at the
northwestern part of Tacloban, drain the watershed areas of the city such as
those found in Barangays Camansihay, Bagacay, Cabalawan, Sto. Niño, San
Roque and Tigbao toward the San Juanico Strait and Anibong Bay.
The Abucay River, located at the northwestern side of the city’s

watershed area was previously tapped for irrigation of the farm lands in
barangays Abucay and Naga-Naga. It has a catchment area of about 2.4
square kilometers and drains to the Anibong Bay. Mangonbangon River runs 5
kilometers along the western side of the City proper and carries part of the City’s
runoff and storm water and drains towards Panalaron Bay.
The upper stretch of the national highway is swampy. Its catchment area
is around 5 square kilometers. Burayan River, with a total length of 4 kilometers,
has a catchment area of 6.5 square kilometers, flowing from southwest to
northeast on the southern part of Tacloban.
The mountainous area serving as the watershed is located west of the

City. A small hilly area partitions the Tacloban city’s central plain. The eastern
plain occupies the Tacloban’s Central Business District and the other half, on
the western side, is planned for mixed residential and commercial use.

3.2 Watersheds
The stakeholder profile of the City’s forest and forestland areas offers an
understanding of the current realities in watershed management. From a forest
planning standpoint, decision support systems can be developed to respond to
the peculiarities of the City’s watershed landscape which is dissected into
different watershed management units. Each of these sub-watersheds covers
a cluster of barangays suggesting spatial and functional connectivity
relationships, in terms of demography and land use. There are ten (10) sub-
watershed units that have been delineated based on topographical orientation.
3.2.1 Status of Sub-watersheds
Tacloban’s landscape is host to six (6) distinct sub-watershed

management units. The sub-watershed with the largest concentration of
watershed-embedded barangays is the Tigbao – Diit sub-watershed. This
covers key barangays such as Barangays 103-A, 103, 37-A, 12, 94, 94-A, 104,
91 and 110.
The areas of significant cover are found in the portions of barangays

Camansihay, Bagacay .Sto. Nino and Sta. Elena, which occur in the north-
western part of the City transect. The Caibaan-Utap sub-watershed is host to
the Caibaan CBFMA which has expanded to 105 hectares in the low relief
mountain at the south-western end of the City. The downstream part has been
the scene of major flooding in the City, in recent years.
Table 4. Protection Potential per Sub-Watershed, Tacloban City
ESTIMATED PROTECTION AREAS (HAS.) STATUS

(PROCLAIMED OR
SWS TOTAL
PROPOSED FOR
OGF MANGROVE OTHERS
PROCLAMATION)
Salvacion 3.17 Old Plantation 10 has. RWRC
Palanog RNF (secondary) 440 has.
Nula-Tula
Caibaan Plantation 105 has. CBFM
Camansihay RNF 109 has.
Source: City ENRO

3.3 Forestry
Table 5. Forest and Forestland Land Use Types by Category and Area,
Tacloban City
AREAS PERCENTAGE
CATEGORY LOCATION
(HECTARES) (%)
Production Forest
1. Timber production (natural) None 109.95 2.66
2. Timber production (plantation) 935.12 22.60
2.1 Community-Based Forest 241.78 5.84
Management Areas
2.2 Integrated Forest Mgt. Areas Utap, San Isidro, Caibaan, 440.00 10.64
(IFMA) Salvacion,
2.3 Co-Management Bagacay (Manobo 54.00 1.31
Settlement)
2.4 FLMA San Roque, Palanog 1,006.44 24.33
2.5 CSC Palanog, Camansihay, San 184.64 4.46
Roque
3. Agro-forest Mineral Exploration Permit 1,069.37 25.85
4.Coconut, pasture/grazing land Mt. Naga-naga, Utap and 4.62 0.11
Nula-tula, Abucay
5. Mineral Areas -
6. Special Land Use Permits -
Protection Forest -
NIPAS Area -
Non-NIPAS Area (Mangrove Diit, Tigbao, Dio Island, San 50.00 1.21
Rehab. Project)- City Government Jose, Tagpuro, San Isidro, Old
Kawayan, Burayan, Nulatula,
Naga-naga
Non-Nipas Area (Remaining All coastal barangays except 41.30 1.00
Mangrove Area UP Study,2002) mangrove plantation projects
Watershed protection areas Tigbao, Diit, San Roque, -
Palanog, Camansihay,
Paglaum (sab-a river basin).
TOTAL 4,137.22 100.00
Source: City ENRO

Map 4. Land Cover Map

Map 5. Tenurial Condition Map

Table 6. Sub-Watersheds by Category, Tacloban City
SUB WATERSHEDS AREA OF BARANGAYS

CURRENT LAND USES
(SW) SW COVERED
1. Barugawan-Suhi 1,709.14 San Isidro GL, REFO, RNF
Cabalawan GL, RNF, AL, Coconuts/Perennials
Sto.Nino GL, RNF, Coconut, Tree plantation
(CBFMA)
Bagacay GL, RNF, AL, REFO (IFMA-Manobo tribe)
Camansihay GL, RNF, AL (CSCs), Coconut

2. Tigbao-Diit 2,652.38 Brgy. 37-A RNF, GL, AL, REFO, A&D
GE Palanog GL, Resettlement, A&D
Basper GL/BL, REFO, AL, RL, A&D
Tigbao GL, AL, RNF, A&D
Salvacion GL, AL, RL, Plantation (CBFM), RNF
(ANR), A&D
Abucay GL, RNF, AL (CSCs), A&D
San Roque GL, RNF, AL (CSCs), Coconut, A&D
3. Naganaga-Nulatula 180.15 Upper Nulatula A&D
Lower Nulatula RNF, Coconut, RL, A&D

4. Lukay-Paglaum-Picas 1,105.68 Paglaum AL, RNF, REFO, Coconut
San Roque RNF, AL (CSCs), Coconut
Palanog RNF, AL, Coconut, Tree plantation
(CBFMA)
5. Bagacay 398.69 Bagacay GL, Refo (IFMA-Manobo tribe), AL,
Coconut, A&D,GL, AL, A&D
Cabalawan GL, A&D
Diit, Camansihay GL, RNF, AL (CSCs), Coconut, A&D
6. Caibaan-Utap 253.25 Caibaan RNF, Tree plantations (CBFM), A&D
Apitong RNF, Tree plantations (CBFM), A&D
Utap RNF, Tree plantations (CBFM), Coconut,
A&D
Source: City ENRO

Map 6. Watershed Map

3.4 Territorial Jurisdiction and Barangay Subdivision
The City of Tacloban has one hundred thirty eight (138) Barangay
divided into ten political subdivisions or areas. The matrix below lists the
different barangays by area of jurisdiction.
Map 7. Barangay Map

Table 7. Barangay Jurisdiction Matrix, Tacloban City
AREA 1
BARANGAY BOUNDARIES/ TERRITORIAL JURISDICTIONS
Barangay 3 Upper Nulatula
Barangay 65 Paseo de Legaspi, (Seaside)
Barangay 66 Paseo de Legaspi and Anibong
Barangay 66-A Paseo de Pagaspi
Barangay 67 Paseo de Legaspi
Barangay 68 Anibong District
Barangay 69 Rawis, Anibong
Barangay 70 Rawis, Anibong
Barangay 71 Naga-Naga
Barangay 72 PHHC (Seaside)
Barangay 73 PHHC (Mountainside)
Barangay 74 Lower Nulatula
AREA 2
Barangay 1 & 4 Libertad, Lopez Jaena Extension
Barangay 2 Jones Street
Barangay 5 Lopez Jaena and Salazar Extension
Barangay 5-A Lopez Jaena Street
Barangay 6 Sto. Niño and T. Claudio Streets
Barangay 6-A Sto. Niño Extension
Barangay 8 Sto. Niño, Salazar and del Pilar Streets
Barangay 8-A Del Pilar, Salazar and J. Romualdez Sts.
Barangay 13 Tacloban Shopping Center Area
Barangay 14 Salazar, J. Romualdez, del Pilar & Sto. Niño Sts.
Barangay 15 Zamora, J. Romualdez, del Pilar & Sto. Niño Sts.
Barangay 16 Salazar, Rizal Ave., Gomez & Zamora Streets
Barangay 17 Gomez, Salazar, del Pilar & Zamora Streets
Barangay 25 Rimas Colon and DYVL
AREA 3
Barangay 79 Marasbaras District
Barangay 81 Marasbaras District
Barangay 82 Marasbaras Boundary
Barangay 83 Paraiso, San Jose District
Barangay 83-A Burayan, San Jose District
Barangay 83-B Burayan, San Jose District
Barangay 83-C Taguictic, Burayan San Jose District
Barangay 84 Cogon, San Jose and Manlurip
Barangay 85 Bay View, San Jose District
Barangay 86 San Jose Parish Church
Barangay 87 Manlurip, San Jose Elem. School
Barangay 88 San Jose Airport, Costa Brava

Barangay 89 Baybay, San Jose

Barangay 90 Baybay, San Jose (Seaside)
AREA 4
Barangay 58 Aslum, Sagkahan District
Barangay 59 Picas, Sagkahan District
Barangay 59-A Sampaguita District
Barangay 59-B Real Street corner Kalipayan Road
Barangay 60 Real Street, Sagkahan District
Barangay 60-A Old Road, Sagkahan District
Barangay 61 Real Street, Sagkahan
Barangay 62 Km. 4, Sagkahan District
Barangay 62-A Km. 4 (Ilong’s), Sagkahan District
Barangay 62-B Kalipayan Road
Barangay 63 Real Street corner Sagkahan, Sitio Mangga
Barangay 64 Calanipawan BLISS Project, Sagkahan District
Barangay 75 Coca-Cola Junction, Real Street
Barangay 76 Fatima Village
AREA 5
Barangay 32 Ave. Veteranos, Burgos, Sto. Niño & Paterno Sts.
Barangay 33 Ave. Veteranos, Burgos J. Luna and Paterno Streets.
Barangay 43 Cong. Mate Ave., Ave. Veteranos, Salazar St., Mangonbangon River
Barangay 43-A Quarry Dist., Salazar St., Cong. Mate Ave. & Mountainside
Barangay 43-B Quarry Dist., Salazar St., Cong. Mate Ave. & Mountainside
Barangay 44 Sta. Cruz and Salazar Sts., Mangonbangon River
Barangay 44-A Mangonbangon, Salazar Street and Ave. Veteranos
Barangay 45 Mangonbangon River, Sta. Cruz & Paterno Street
Barangay 46 Sta. Cruz, Ave. Veteranos and Real Streets
Barangay 47 Independencia, Avenida Veteranos & Real Streets
Barangay 48 Independencia, Ave. Veteranos and Real Streets
Barangay 48-A Independencia, Ave. Veteranos & Esperas Ave.
Barangay 48-B Esperas Ave. and Magallanes District
Barangay 49 Youngfield Area
AREA 6
Barangay 7 Del Pilar, Zamora and Gomez Streets
Barangay 18 Gomez, Zamora and Sto. Niño Streets
Barangay 21 Del Pilar, Sto. Niño and Burgos Streets
Barangay 21-A Burgos, Sto. Niño and Gomez Streets
Barangay 26 Sto. Niño, Paterno, J. Romualdez & Gomez Sts.
Barangay 27 J. Romualdez, Gomez, J. Luna and Paterno Sts.
Barangay 28 Sto. Niño, Paterno, Burgos and Gomez Streets
Barangay 29 Paterno, J. Luna, Gomez & Burgos Sts.
Barangay 30 Burgos, Gomez, Real & J. Luna Sts.
Barangay 31 Pampango and P. Burgos Streets

Barangay 34 Ave. Veteranos, Burgos, J. Luna & Real Streets

Barangay 35 Ave. Veteranos, P. Burgos, Pampango and Real Streets
Barangay 35-A Pampango Dist. and Esperas Avenue
AREA 7
Barangay 36-A Imelda Village
Barangay 77 Bañezville
Barangay 78 Bañezville II
Barangay 80 Marasbaras
Barangay 91 Abucay
Barangay 92 Apitong
Barangay 95 Caibaan
Barangay 95-A Caibaan
Barangay 96 Calanipawan
Barangay 109 V&G Subdivision
Barangay 109-A V&G Subdivision
Barangay 110 Utap
AREA 8
Barangay 19 Rizal Ave. Gomez, Salazar, Gomez & P Burgos Sts.
Barangay 20 Salazar, del Pilar, Gomez & Burgos Sts.
Barangay 23 Salazar, Rizal, Veteranos & P. Burgos Sts.
Barangay 23-A Del Pilar, Burgos, and Avenida Veteranos Sts.
Barangay 24 Del Pilar, Sto. Niño, Ave. Vet., P. Burgos Sts.
Barangay 36 Sabang District
Barangay 37 Reclamation Area
Barangay 38 P. Burgos Ext., Avenida Veteranos Ext. & F. Torres Streets
Barangay 39 Avenida Veteranos, Calvary Hill
Barangay 40 Tarcela, P. Burgos, Rizal Ave. & Torres Sts.
Barangay 41 Ave. Veteranos, Burgos, Rizal Ave. & Torres Sts.
Barangay 42 Rizal Ave. Ext. & Avenida Veteranos
Barangay 42-A Rizal Ave. Ext., and Mangonbangon River
AREA 9
Barangay 12 G.E. Palanog
Barangay 37-A Palanog Resettlement Area
Barangay 93 Bagacay
Barangay 94 Tigbao
Barangay 94-A Basper
Barangay 97 Cabalawan
Barangay 98 Camansihay
Barangay 99 Diit
Barangay 100 San Roque
Barangay 101 New Kawayan
Barangay 102 Old Kawayan
Barangay 103 Palanog

Barangay 103-A Paglaum

Barangay 104 Salvacion
Barangay 105 San Isidro
Barangay 106 Sto. Niño
Barangay 107 Sta. Elena
Barangay 108 Tagpuro
AREA 10
Barangay 50 Independencia and Real Streets
Barangay 50-A Youngfield and Mangonbangon River
Barangay 50-B Youngfield, Ninoy Aquino Ave. & Mangonbangon River
Barangay 51 Independencia, Esperas Avenue and Arellano Sts.
Barangay 51-A Independencia, Real & Arellano Streets
Barangay 52 Magallanes District
Barangay 53 Real Street, Redemptorist Church
Barangay 54 Real, Esperas Ave.,Lukban and Dadison Streets
Barangay 54-A Esperas Avenue
Barangay 55 El Reposo Area
Barangay 56 Dadison, Real and Esperas Ave. Streets
Barangay 56-A Old Road Sagkahan
Barangay 57 Sampaguita District
Tacloban City’s territorial jurisdiction starts from the ridge to reef passing
through the different micro-watersheds whose status is at risk considering the
new climatic phenomena and urbanization. The timberland and forest areas
claim 20.84% (4,204.18 hectares); alienable and disposable (A & D) land
constitutes 31.26% (6,306.68 hectares), and the water bodies constitute
47.89% (9,661.14 hectares) of the total city inland jurisdiction.
Table 8. Area Classification Matrix, Tacloban City
AREA CLASSIFICATION AREA %

A & D & Islets 6,306.68 31.26
Timberland / Forest 4,204.18 20.84
Water bodies 9,661.14 47.89
Total 20,172.00 100.00
Source: DENR, CPDO

CHAPTER 4 PHYSICAL FEATURES AND

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION
4.1 Topography
Map 8. Topographic Map

Tacloban City’s mean elevation in the flat portion of the city’s land
formation is 3.05 meters above sea level. In the western vicinity, along Naga-
Naga mountain range has a steep slope of 40% with a highest elevation of 305
meters. On the Northern part, the Sta. Elena mountain range has a steeper
slope of 60.5% with the highest elevation of 575 meters. These ranges serve
as the boundary between Tacloban and its adjacent municipalities such as
Palo, Sta. Fe, Alang-Alang, San Miguel and Babatngon. While on the
northeastern portion of the city proper, Kanhuraw Hill, seat of the Local
Government of Tacloban, which has an elevation of 15.09 meters above mean
sea level, lies as a landmark overlooking Cancabato Bay.
4.2 Geology/ Hydrogeological Features and Hazards
Four rock formation units can be found within the immediate area of
Tacloban City and its nearby towns. These are: the Quaternary Alluvium (1.6
mya to present); the Turbidite (successively layered rocks) sequence of
Bagahupi Formation, which is Pliocene (0.01 to 1.6 mya) in age; the San
Ricardo Formation, which is Early to Middle Miocene (11 to 23 mya) in age; and
the Tacloban Ophiolite (Balce, C., 1997, pers. Comm..), which encompasses
the successive sequence of Schists, Volcanic, Serpentine and Gabbroic rocks
all thought to be of Cretaceous (65 to 135 mya) in age.
The Tacloban Ophiolite is represented by the long stretch of small

mountain chains located west of Tacloban, which extends in a northwest-
southeast manner. Limited observations of igneous rock exposures at
Salvacion and Tigbao suggest basaltic origin of the rocks found in the areas
mentioned. The northern portions of Tacloban, specifically those located at the
rolling hills, are underlain by the slightly dipping Bagahupi sedimentary
sequence, which has some outcrop exposures at road cuts of hilly portions and
along the shoreline of Tagpuro facing the San Juanico Strait. Exposures are
also present at the protruding headland at Anibong Bay where three fuel depots
are located.
The Tacloban City proper is underlain by the Sedimentary sequence of

the San Ricardo Formation, which is very slightly dipping. This can be observed

at the Kanhuraw Hill which is characteristically rising within a generally lowland

area.
The Quaternary Alluvium overlies most of the older rock units in different
areas and it consists of recent soil deposits and sands, which can be loose or
compacted. The coastal areas and plains are covered by this kind of rock unit,
like those found along the bounding bodies of water. The Tacloban Airport at
San Jose is in itself underlain by compacted young sand deposits, which form
a characteristic sand spit structure (a coastal feature which denotes a
protruding sand body towards the sea and is attached to the mainland). Many
places are underlain by the compacted sands and soils, such as those at San
Jose and places southwest of Tacloban City proper.
Tacloban City has deposits of metallic and non-metallic mineral

resources. Metallic deposits consist of copper and iron. Non –metallic minerals
are comprised of red-burning clay which is used for producing bricks and
pottery and chert dimension stone used as interior and exterior building
materials.
Table 9. Geologic Classification, Tacloban City
GEOLOGIC TYPE AREA COVERED LOCATION

Along coastal areas ; areas southwest of city
Quaternary Alluvium San Jose District
proper
Bagahupi Formation Tagpuro facing San Juanico Strait Brgy. 108
San Ricardo Formation Tacloban City proper Kanhuraw Hill

Northern Barangays, small mountain chains
Brgy. 104, 94, Anibong
Tacloban Ophiolite west of Tacloban, extending to the northwest-
Bay
southeast side of the city
Source: MGB

Map 9. Geologic Map

4.3 Climatological Conditions
Climate in the city is classified by Tacloban PAGASA as falling between

the boundary of Type II and Type IV which indicates that there is no dry season.
There is no pronounced period for maximum rainfall, which normally runs from
July to December, but that rainfall is more or less evenly distributed throughout
the year except on adverse periods when there is La Niña or El Niño.
As demonstrated in the matrix below, the month of January,

2015registered the highest rainfall with 419.8 mm. Inversely, May, the driest
month for the year, registered only 5 mm of rainfall. Hereunder is Table 10,
showing the Mean Monthly Rainfall for year 2015.
Table 10. Comparative Mean Monthly Rainfall, Tacloban City
MEAN MONTHLY RAINFALL (mm)

MONTH
2014 2015
January 596.4 419.8
February 73.1 142.2
March 371.5 66.7
April 284.9 64.6
May 55.7 5.0
June 234.8 274.5
July 241.9 37.5
August 167.2 143.4
September 206.9 254.4
October 220.0 86.4
November 155.8 304.6
December 825.1 468.7
Total Rainfall 3,433.3 2,267.8
Source: PAGASA
In a similar tabular information, the period January-December of the

years 2014 and 2015, shows the comparative mean monthly temperature as
captured in Table 11-A, showing that the year in review saw drier season which
could be attributed to the El Niño phenomenon.

Table 11-A. Mean and Minimum Monthly Temperature in

Degrees Centigrade, Tacloban City, 2015
MONTH MEAN TEMPERATURE

January 26.4
February 26.5
March 27.1
April 28.2
May 29.1
June 28.4
July 28.7
August 28.8
September 28.6
October 28.7
November 27.9
December 27.2
Source: PAGASA
Tacloban City shows a correlative pattern in humidity and cloudiness as

presented in tables 12 and 13 attesting to the fact that there is no distinct dry
or rainy season as demonstrated in the percentage of humidity and cloudiness
of the area as indicated in the tables.
Table 11-B. Percentage of Humidity,

Tacloban City, 2015
MONTH HUMIDITY ( % )
January 91
February 82
March 80
April 79
May 77
June 84
July 84
August 75
September 82
October 80
November 85
December 88
Source: PAGASA

Table 11-C. Mean Monthly Cloudiness, Tacloban City, 2015
MONTH MEAN CLOUDINESS

January 190/6 oktas
February 143/5 oktas
March 131/4 oktas
April 128/4 oktas
May 122/4 oktas
June 179/6 oktas
July 172/6 oktas
August 174/6 oktas
September 171/6 oktas
October 150/5 oktas
November 147/5 oktas
December 166/5 oktas
Source: PAGASA
4.4 Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment
In terms of climate change, the Philippines is ranked 3rd as the most

vulnerable according to a United Nations Agency study. The country is visited
by an average of twenty (20) typhoons every year making Filipinos susceptible
to landslides, flash floods and storm surges. The Philippines is located in the
Pacific Ring of Fire making its citizens vulnerable to sink holes, liquefaction and
strong earthquakes.
It is inevitable, therefore, that the Tacloban City Government shall

formulate a climate and disaster risk sensitive Comprehensive Land Use Plan
that would guide the allocation and regulation of land use so that exposure and
vulnerability of population, infrastructure, economic activities and the
environment to natural hazards and climate change can be minimized or even
prevented. Following the planning Guidebook and standards of the Housing
and Land Use Regulatory Board, the focus of intervention is mainstreaming
climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR) into the
comprehensive land use plan in the light of local government units (LGUs)
exposure and vulnerabilities to hazards which are becoming more pronounced.
In August 2015, the USAID conducted a seminar in Taloban City using

the data of Manila Observatory as a reference for long term spatial planning

and medium term multi-sectoral planning of local government units. Based on

the climate projections, Tacloban City will be affected by 3 major climate
change drivers: increasing temperature, changes in rainfall in various seasons,
and increasing occurrences of extreme events in 2011 and 2065.
Figure 1. Temperature Projections of Tacloban City
Source: USAID
Based on the baseline projection 1971-2000 (colored yellow), the lowest

average temperature of Tacloban is felt in January at 26’C and the average
highest temperature is registered in May at 28.5’C
Based on the projection 2011-2040 (colored red), the lowest average

temperature of Tacloban is in December at 28.5’C and the average highest
temperature is in April at 30’C
Because of climate change (temperature increase, rainfall extremes,

drought, floods, sea level rise, and strong typhoons), there is an impact on food
and water resources, ecosystem and biodiversity, human and society, and

health. As part of climate change adaptation, there are socio-economic

development pathways particularly land use, economic growth, population
governance, and environment protection which determines how localities make
opportunities out its risks.
Figure 2. Rainfall Projections of Tacloban City
Source: USAID
Based on the baseline projection 1971-2000 (colored red), the lowest

average rainfall of Tacloban is in August at 200mm and the average highest
rainfall is in December at 400mm.
Based on the baseline projection 2011-2040 (colored violet), the lowest

average rainfall of Tacloban is in August at 120mm and the average highest
rainfall is in December at 400mm.
There is an effect on the abnormal rainfall pattern especially in
agriculture, wherein the month of August, rainfall is scarce. The period between
August and October is critical for crops as it needs to mature before the wet
season arrives. There will be less produce or none at all which will put our food

security at risk. Measures such as building of dam, water impounding facilities,

water conservation, and development of new breed of crops adaptable to lesser
rain, are possible solutions to the problem.
Figure 3. Climate Model Projections 2020-2050 by GIZ
Source: GIZ

Based on the data above, there is a possible 1cm sea level rise every
year in Tacloban City. In the next 50 years, half meter (50cm) of sea level rise
is alarming considering that some parts of the city is within low slope (0-1%).
Some part of the city will experience frequency of flooding which may cause
damage to the ecosystem and biodiversity.
Tacloban, in the past decade, is used to typhoon 180-220 kph strong. In

the next 2 decades, the frequency of typhoons will continue but the intensity will
grow stronger. Super typhoon Yolanda is one such example wherein 378 kph
of gustiness was experienced. Similar super typhoons were experienced in
other parts of the Philippines after the 2013 typhoon.
4.5 Hazards in Tacloban City
The Philippines is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world when
it comes to natural hazards and human-induced disasters. Tacloban City is one
of the most hazard prone cites and Taclobanons are some of the most
vulnerable groups of people.
While barangays differ in risks to hazards, all 138 barangays of the City
are susceptible to typhoons. Barangays in the northern portion of the city are
most prone to rain induced landsides while flood hazard is mostly contained in
the city proper and in low lying barangays. The San Jose District, which is
composed of several barangays, is most likely to be affected by storm surge
hazard, together with the rest of the barangays along the Cancabato Bay, San
Pedro and Anibong Bays as they are the most vulnerable barangays along the
sea coast.
The table below indicates the vulnerabilities of the barangays in

Tacloban City with its corresponding percentage of risk.

Table 12. Barangay Vulnerability/ Hazard Matrix, Tacloban City
RAIN- EARTHQUAKE
GROUND FAULT STORM
FLOODING INDUCED INDUCED LIQUEFACTION TSUNAMI
BRGY SHAKING LINE SURGE
LANDSLIDE LANDSLIDE
VUL. % VUL. % VUL. % VUL. % VUL. % VUL. % VUL. % VUL. %

1&4 √ 100 √ 80 √ 100 95
2 √ 50 √ 100 √ 100 √ 84 100
3 √ 100 √ 100
5 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
5-A √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
6 √ 50 √ 100 √ 100 95
6-A √ 80 √ 100 √ 100 100
7 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
8 √ 50 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
8-A √ 50 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
12 √ 5 √ 15 √ √ 100 √ 100
13 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
14 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
15 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
16 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
17 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
18 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
19 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
20 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
21 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
21-A √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
22 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
23 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
23-A √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
24 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
25 √ 23 √ 100 √ 27 √ 50 50
26 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
27 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
28 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
29 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
30 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
31 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
32 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
33 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
34 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
35 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
35-A √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
36 √ 100 √ 8 √ 90 90
36-A √ 40 √ 100 √ 100
37 √ 30 √ 100 √ 100 100
38 √ 100 √ 70 √ 50
39 √ √ √ 100 √ 10 50
40 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 10
41 √ 100 √ 100 √ 73 100
42 √ 100 √ 100 √ 95 √ 25 73
42-A √ 12 √ 100 √ 5 25
43 √ 100 √ 95 √ 43 20
43-A √ 100 √ 21 43
43-B √ 25 √ √ 100 √ 34 75
44 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 √ 19 20
44-A √ 100 √ 100 √ 60 19
45 √ 40 √ 100 √ 100 √ 90 60
46 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 90
47 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
48 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
48-A √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
48-B √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
49 √ 40 √ 100 √ 80 √ 25 100
50 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 25
50-A √ 100 √ 5 100
50-B √ √ 100 √ 100 √ 90 5
51 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 90
52 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100

RAIN- EARTHQUAKE
GROUND FAULT STORM
LANDSLIDE LANDSLIDE

53 √ 100 √ 80 √ 100 100
54 √ 100 √ 100 √ 90 100
54-A √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 90
55 & √ √ 100 √ 10 √ 5 100
55-A
56 √ 100 √ 100 √ 60 5
56-A √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 60
57 √ 100 √ 70 100
58 √ 5 √ 100 √ 100 √ 95 20
59 √ √ 100 √ 100 95
59-A √ √ 100 √ 100 40
59-B √ √ 100 √ 100 30
60 √ 9 √ 100 √ 100 √ 55 45
60-A √ 100 √ 100 √ 80 55
61 √ 100 √ 50 √ 100 80
62 √ 100 √ 100 100
62-A √ 70 √ 100 √ 100 100
62-B √ 70 √ 100 √ 100 100
63 √ √ 100 √ 100 √ 67 √ 100
64 √ √ 100 √ 100 67
65 √ 100 √ 30 √ 30 100
66 √ 100 √ 10 √ 30 70
66-A √ 100 √ 30 √ 30 45
67 √ √ √ 100 √ 45 √ 30 50
68 √ √ √ 100 √ 60 √ 69 45
69 √ 100 √ 90 √ 70 80
70 √ 100 √ 60 √ 100 80
71 √ 40 √ 40 √ 100 √ 80 √ 20 100
72 √ 13 √ 100 √ 100 √ 20 95
73 √ 80 √ 100 √ 75 50
74 √ 50 √ 3 √ 100 √ 52 √ 30 10
75 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 √ 55
76 √ 40 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100
77 √ 14 √ 100 √ 100 √ 80 √ 100
78 √ 15 √ 100 √ 100 80
79 √ √ 100 √ 100 √ 10 100
80 √ 5 √ 100 √ 100 10
81 √ 30 √ 100 √ 100 100
82 √ 40 √ 100 √ 100 100
83 √ 20 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
83-A √ 15 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100
83-B √ 7 √ 100 √ 100 √ 50 100
83-C √ 20 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 √ 50
84 √ 15 √ 100 √ 100 √ 75 √ 100
85 √ √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 √ 75
86 √ 40 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
87 √ 7 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100
88 √ 12 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100
89 √ 35 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100
90 √ 30 √ 100 √ 100 √ 100 100
91 √ 40 √ 70 √ 17 √ 100 √ 30 100
92 √ 30 √ 1 √ 100 √ 50 10
93 √ √ 1 √ 100 √ 15 √ 7 √ 10
94 √ 12 √ 30 √ 1 √ 100 √ 50 √ 20 22
94-A √ 33 √ 40 √ 100 √ 50
95 √ 9 √ 45 √ 100 √ 60 5
95-A √ 20 78 √ 100 √ 40 10
96 √ 100 √ 100 √ 3 10
97 √ √ √ 100 √ 5 √ 55
98 √ 3 √ 10 √ 100 30
99 √ √ 100 √ √ 15 √
100 √ 100 √ 20 70
101 √ 100 √ 5
102 √ 100 15
103 √ 20 √ √ 100 √ √ 10

RAIN- EARTHQUAKE
GROUND FAULT STORM
LANDSLIDE LANDSLIDE

103- √ 11 √ 100 20
A
104 √ √ 55 √ 8 √ 100
105 6 √ 100 √ 20 √ 8
106 √ 100 √ 10 √ 4 8
107 √ 6 √ 100 10
108 √ √ 8 √ 100 √ 30
109 √ 7 √ 100 √ 100 45
109- √ 10 √ 100 √ 100 55
A
110 √ 20 √ 50 √ 9 √ 100 √ 40 95
The maps in the next page show that almost all barangays in Tacloban
City are exposed to various hazards, including but not limited to: (a)
Earthquake-induced Landslide; (b) Rain-induced Landslide; (c) Flooding; (d)
Ground Shaking; (e) Storm Surge; (f) Liquefaction; and (g) Tsunami.

Map 10. Rain-Induced Landslide Hazard Map

Map 11. Flood Hazard Map

Map 12. Ground Shaking Hazard Map

Map 13. Storm Surge Hazard Map

Map 14. Liquefaction Hazard Map

Map 15. Tsunami Hazard Map

CHAPTER 5 EXISTING LAND USE AND LAND USE

TRENDS
Map 16. Existing Land Use

5.1 Commercial Area
5.1.1 Major Central Business District
Despite super typhoon “Yolanda’s“ damage toll, the existing 60 hectares

of what is now the central business district of Tacloban City, as shown in Figure
4, constitute 1% of the urban area and 0.56% of Tacloban City’s total land area.
Known in the locals as “sawang”, it is a century old business center dating back
to the American occupation when the port of then Municipality of Tacloban was
the island’s busiest loading point.
Figure 4. Central Business District
Source: Google Earth
As the busiest port in the region providing service for local and overseas
cargo vessels, it contributed to the development of the vicinities surrounding
the facility and marked a core of commerce and trading area which was later
called as the “downtown” area upon acquiring the cityhood status.
Through all these years, such formation continued to expand further until
the present identification and zoning of the central business district.

With the city’s growing population, the central business district will need
to be expanded to accommodate more locators and entrepreneurs. In 2013,
Tacloban’s population soared to 239,938 with a sizeable number of new
business establishments locating outside the central business and in time,
forming another nucleus of commerce and trading area.
5.1.2 Minor Commercial Node
A. Marasbaras Commercial Land Use Trend
The nearest location of business expansion that formed outside the

existing CBD is along Imelda-Real-Sagkahan-Marasbaras, along the strip of
national road going to the direction of the Municipality of Palo. It is in the
Southern portion of the existing CBD stretching south to Marasbaras District
where Robinson’s Place is located as seen in Figure 5.
Figure 5. Marasbaras Commercial District
With the opening of Robinson’s Place, several medium and micro

enterprises including financial establishments positioned their establishments

strategically in front or in proximity to the mall to take a share of the mall market-
going public. A total of 98 hectares is being occupied by this commercial area.
B. Abucay Commercial Land Use Trend
Commercial activities in Abucay located in the northwest side of the

existing CBD started when the public bus terminal in the Sabang District was
closed to the public to pave way for the operations of the City Government-run
6-hectare Bus Terminal in Bgy. Abucay which is only about 3 kilometers away
along the newly constructed and opened four-lane Abucay Bus Terminal
concreted road.
Figure 6. Abucay Commercial District
Another major thoroughfare, Congressman Mate Avenue, opened when

Rizal Avenue was extended to link with Maharlika Highway. This created
another stretch of commercial area along the spread with major economic and
commercial activities immediately taking place. Warehouses, the Tacloban
Doctors Hospital, Gasoline stations and service-oriented line of businesses are
among the new economic ventures present in Congressman Mate Avenue. A
total of 74 hectares of land is occupied by this emerging commercial area.

Figure 7. Congressman Mate Avenue
C. Utap-Apitong-Caibaan Commercial Land Use Trend
In Figure 8, commercial activities along the service line of business

entrepreneurship started to sprout with the opening of the Angelicum in the
junction of Maharlika and San Jose-Coca-Cola diversion road, a private run
educational institution offering pre-elementary, elementary and secondary
courses. Since then, a number of business establishments opened up such as
the huge branch of the Citi Hardware and the Leyte Home Depot. A total of 35
hectares has been covered by this commercial area.

Figure 8. Utap-Apitong-Caibaan Commercial District
D. Naga-Naga Junction to Bgy. Lower Nula-Tula and Diit
Although affected by the Yolanda’s storm surge, located in the northern

portion of Tacloban City, from Brgy. Lower Nula-Tula along Maharlika Highway
from Naga-Naga Junction all the way to Brgy. Diit, a surge of business
establishments strategically positioned themselves one after another. In the
span of five years, 6 gasoline stations were opened for business literally in close
competition with each other since they are only about a kilometer distance apart
from one another as well as two (2) savings bank, one in the Naga-Naga
junction and the other close to corner Congressman Mate Avenue and
Maharlika Highway. Several warehouse complexes, a food additive processing
plant and coconut oil processing plant are among the locators in this area of
commercial expansion.

Figure 9. Naga-Naga Junction to Brgy. Lower Nula-Tula and Diit

Map 17. Existing Commercial Areas

5.2 Residential
When the surge of water inundated the urban center of the city at the
height of Yolanda, almost all of the residential structures surrounding its flat
lands were affected and incurred heavy damage. In the areas fronting the seas,
the residential structures were wiped out, uprooted or left only with its skeletal
frames. All of the informal settlers, whose structures are composed of light
construction materials, were totally in wreckage.
The establishment of socialized housing units by the National Housing

Authority in the northern portion of the City is a trend initiated by the government
to catalyze residential growth away from the coastal areas, 15 to 30 kilometers
north of the city proper. The total area covered for residential development is
202.14 hectares.
5.3 Solid Waste Management
The location of the solid waste controlled dumpsite in Bgys. San Isidro,
Sto. Niňo, New Kawayan and Old Kawayan are within the location of the 32-
hectare acquired property of the City of Tacloban which is part of the identified
resettlement areas. Because of conflicting land uses, a new site is identified
and developed in the hilly portion of San Roque Mountain within the critical
habitat and watershed area.
5.4 Water Uses
As a result of the building up of development of residential use, having

a population estimated to be over a hundred thousand or more in the northern
barangays, the existing land based transport service could not cater the needs
to the transport of goods and passengers from the central business district to
the new settlement and vice-versa. Therefore, the maritime route is an
upcoming transport trend in the very near future.

A motorized wooden banca utilizing the existing docking facility of pump

boats at the back of McDonalds building and perhaps a temporary docking
facility in Bgy. Old Kawayan may ferry passengers to and from the two points
referred to. Light cargoes may also be allowed to be serviced along with the
passengers in the same boat.
5.5 Land Use Trends on Timber Lands
The timber lands comprising 4064.34hectares of both productive and

protected forests are vegetated with second growth forest trees. The forest
lands within the vicinity of built up barangay areas is where the productive forest
are located and were awarded for tenurial contract for the harvest of forest
products issued by the Forest Management Bureau.
The core and steep slope forest mountain were classified as protected
forest and considered as not within the commerce of men being a critical
ecosystem and bio-diversity area.
Even with the demarcation between forest for production and forest for
protection, both forest areas have been encroached deliberately with illegal
logging activities for both commercial and domestic use.
Mostly the production forest areas which have been traversed with road
network long before, have been encroached with unaccounted informal settlers
with toleration from either the national and local government. (For a detailed
discussion, please refer to Ecosystem Analysis Chapter 7 Volume 3).
5.6 Land Use Trends on Agricultural Lands
A portion of Tacloban’s agricultural area is designated as coconut lands

while the rest have been devoted to vegetables production and raising of
livestock. A few hectares are being utilized for rice farming during rainy season
only. The farmers are contemplating on agro-processing venture tapping the

financial support offered by the Philippine Rural Development Program of the

Department of Agriculture.
5.7 Land Use Trends on Heritage Sites
Only 2 heritage sites have been added to the list of identified heritage
sites (see Cultural Heritage) in the City of Tacloban. These are the two (2)
identified “Yolanda” landmarks in Sagkahan in the vicinity of Tacloban
Convention Center and the wreckage of a cargo ship in Bgy. Anibong. Both
identified heritage sites carry with them the significance of history of deaths and
destruction of properties by super typhoon “Yolanda” in November of 2013.

Map 18. Existing Residential Areas

CHAPTER 6 INFRASTRUCTURE, FACILITIES AND

UTILITIES
6.1 Transportation / Road Network
6.1.1 Transportation Facilities
Tacloban City is accessible by land, sea and air travel. It is the gateway
to the south and north by land travel through the San Juanico Bridge. The city
government of Tacloban built a spacious Transport Terminal to accommodate
vehicles going to and from Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. This new facility has
improved the land transportation system in the city and brought convenience to
the riding public.
Tacloban City, being a highly urbanized city, is the center of aviation in

the region and has within its territory the 8th busiest airport in the Philippines.
The Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport is located 4.3 nautical miles southeast of
Tacloban City proper, having a road distance of about ten (10) kilometers from
kilometer zero (0) origin. The airport runway is 2,140 meters long and 45 meters
wide with 1,000 meter wide easements. The width of the runway is enough to
accommodate Boeing 737 planes. The airport is being maintained and
managed by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP), a national
government agency. At present, plans are being considered for it to become an
airport of international standards.

Table 13. Transportation Terminals by Location and Condition, 2015
HAZARD SUSCEPTIBILITY (H/M/L)

NAME OF YEAR PHYSICAL OWNER/ TYPE OF TERMINAL
AREA BRGY
TERMINAL CONSTRUCTED CONDITION OPERATOR TERMINAL FACILITIES FL TC EQ LN TS SU OTHERS
Water
Port of 3.5 ha Brgy. 1 & 4 1944 Fair Administered Seaport ▪ Berthing Facilities, M M L L M H L
Tacloban Port Area, (please see (Good by o Conventional
Tacloban attached port condition) Philippine o RoRo (2- RoRo
City layout plan for Ports Ramp),
the succeeding Authority – ▪ Open Storage
repair/rehabili PMO Eastern Area,
tation works) Leyte / Samar ▪ Working Area,
▪ Lighting System,
o High mast steel,
towers w/halogen
floodlights,
o Solar Farm
Lighting,
o Fendering
o System,
o Rubber dock
fenders,
o Mooring Facilities,
Cast iron mooring
bollards w/
o T-heads, 25T
capacity
Land ▪ Warehouse /
Transit Shed,
Abucay Bus ▪ Port Operations
Terminal 1.8 ha Brgy. 91 2007 Fair LGU Tacloban Bus, Jeepney Building, M M L L M H
▪ Covered Walkway
Passengers
Lounge
Philtranco 0.40 ha Brgy. 91 2015 Fair Philtranco Bus Ticketing Booths M M L L M M
Bus Line Toll Gate
Police Sub Station
Canteen
Air
Daniel Z. 81 ha Brgy. 88 1950 Fair CAAP Airport X-Ray Machines M M L L H H

Romualdez Passengers
Airport Lounge
Ticketing Offices
Luggage Carousel
Runways
Arrival Area
Airport Operations
Bldg.
Parking Area
Source: LTO, PPA, CAAP, TOMECO; 2016
In terms of available public utilities for the commuting public, the city has
buses, vans, and jeepneys plying the regional route including access to the six
(6) provinces. Within the city area, there are about 1,387 tricycles as well as
multicabs and pedicabs servicing all the barangays of the city as reflected in
Table 14.

Table 14. Inventory of Public Land Transportation Vehicles by Type and

Service Routes, 2015
FROM OTHER
REGISTERED IN TACLOBAN CITY
CITY/MUNICIPALITY
TYPE OF
ROUTE/ DESTINATION
PUBLIC
TOTAL BARANGAY TOTAL
UTILITY WITHIN BARANGAY TO CITY ROUTE/ DESTINATION
NO. TO NO.
BARANGAY CITY CENTER CENTER
BARANGAY
6 Ormoc
2 Palompon
2 Naval
4 Eastern Samar
Buses
2 Northern Samar
Western Samar
8 Luzon
4 Mindanao
62 Eastern Samar
12 Northern Samar
19 Western Samar
Van
34 Ormoc
24 Naval
16 Maasin
Northern 77 Babatngon
1,009 Barangays- CBD
Sagkahan Area- 278 Basey
CBD
San Jose Airport 352 Sta, Rita
PUJ/
Area- CBD
Multicabs
Southern 163 Palo, Tanauan,Tolosa
Barangays- CBD
Barangay 139 Sta,fe, alangalang, Jaro,
109,109-A,95-95- San Miguel, Tunga,
A,96- CBD Barugo, Carigara
2,116 Barangay CBD Area Anibong Area-
74, 3 CBD
Tricycles
Barangay
71,72,73-CBD
14 Northern
Others Barangays-CBD
(Multicab) 8 Southern
Barangays- CBD
Source: LTO, New Bus Terminal, TOMECO, Kanhuraw Business Center, 2015

In tabular form, other modes of transport are listed herein. It could be

noted that air transportation dominates the service which could be attributed to
the convenience of travel and the availability of an airport with ample space for
improvement and extensions.
Table 15. Other Modes of Transport and Facilities, 2015
FREQUENCY OF
MODES FACILITIES CAPACITY LOCATION CONDITION
SERVICE/TRIPS
Sea Transport
Masbate 40 passengers Tacloban Good 1 x week
City
Air Transport
Philippine Ticketing 150 passengers Tacloban Good 3 x daily
Airlines Office City
Cargo
Terminal
Passenger
Terminal
Cebu Pacific Ticketing 150 passengers Tacloban Good 4 x daily

Air Office City
Cargo
Terminal
Passenger
Terminal
PAL Express Ticketing 150 passengers Tacloban Good 1 x daily

Office City
Cargo
Terminal
Passenger
Terminal
Zest Air/Air Ticketing 150 passengers Tacloban Good 3 x daily

Asia Office City
Cargo
Terminal
Passenger
Terminal
Source: CAAP, PPA, 2015

Table 16. Transport Related Projects, Approved/ Funded for Implementation,

2015
PROPONENT
ESTIMATED ESTIMATED
NAME /LOCATION OF (GOVERNMENT,
LOCATION TYPE START DATE OF
PROJECT PRIVATE,
DATE COMPLETION
OTHER)
Rehabilitation/Expansion of
Barangay 88
Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport Government On-going 2017
San Jose
Airport
Tacloban Port
Port of
Improvement/ Rehabilitation Wharf Government On-going 2017
Tacloban
Project – Phase 2
Source: CAAP, PPA, 2016
Considering transportation as one factor of development, it cannot be

dismissed that good transportation facilities can open up many opportunities
and prospects in the name of economic, social and technical development. As
presented in Table 17, the Transportation Analysis Matrix would be a great
input to analyze the present transportation situation in the city.
Table 17. Transportation Analysis Matrix
TECHNICAL POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

IMPLICATIONS/ EFFECTS/
FINDINGS, ISSUES, (LEGISLATION, POLICIES, PROGRAMS,
IMPACTS
CONCERNS PROJECTS)
Insufficient roads Traffic & Congestion of 1.Open up additional roads;
Vehicles 2. Widen existing roads to the maximum standard;
3. Establish all road shoulders, sidewalks, parking
areas in CBD areas;
4. Construct and establish complete ancillary road
facilities i.e; Waiting sheds, pedestrian lanes, others;
5. Strictly implement Traffic Rules and Regulations;
Insufficient Drainage Occurrence of Flooding, Revise the 30 year old Master Drainage Plan to
ways Occurrence water-borne adapt to climate Change
diseases, Increased flood-
related accidents to
motorists and pedestrians,
Risk of lives and properties
The proposed revision should consider storm
drainage and flood control measures;

TECHNICAL POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

IMPLICATIONS/ EFFECTS/
FINDINGS, ISSUES, (LEGISLATION, POLICIES, PROGRAMS,
IMPACTS
CONCERNS PROJECTS)
Conduct advocacy workshops, information
dissemination and other modes in Bgys. located
along rivers, creeks and shorelines.
Undefined Water Ways Occurrence of Flooding, Construct flood control structures e.g. riprap, etc.
Occurrence of water-borne
diseases, Increased flood- Encourage planting of trees along banks of water
related accidents by bodies.
motorists and pedestrians,
Risk of lives and properties
No Drainage Ways at all Stagnant Water Construct immediately Storm water drainage
systems;
Clogged Waterways Occurrence of Flooding Clean clogged waterways
Organize permanent Drainage and Waterways

Division within the City Engineer’s Office whose
activities shall include among others the
maintenance for an efficient Storm water drainage;
Unregistered small Discourage all transport terminals in the business

operator district, they apply for canteen or store but it’s a
terminal instead
Excessive number of Traffic & Congestion of Prohibit MCH mode of transportation in CBD area
Motorcycle for hire Vehicles
(MCH) plying in CBD Air Pollutant Allow MCH to operate within subdivision areas only
area Regulation of old vehicles Regular monitoring of air quality (thru DENR,EMB)
and strict implementation of emission testing cars;
Promote e-transportation;
Promotion of bicycle use
6.1.2 Roads
Tacloban City has a road network of 198.049 kms. in length. The figure
includes national roads at 69.901 kms, city roads at 49.047 kms. and barangay
roads at 79.497 kms.
The city government is continuously exerting efforts to maintain its roads

in tiptop condition. As the need arises it also opened new roads that are not
yet included in the latest inventory. These new roads are being built owing to
the expansion and development of urbanization. Likewise, with the

construction of the Transport Terminal, a new road network was constructed

for the purpose. The table below illustrates the roads and bridges inventory in
the city and their corresponding length.
Table 18. Inventory of Ancillary Road Facilities, 2015
ROAD NAME PER ROAD TYPE OF ANCILLARY ROAD

NO. CONDITION
CLASSIFICATION FACILITIES
Primary
Pedestrian Crossing 14 Faded
Waiting Sheds 8 Bad
Daang Maharlika
Street Lights 318 Good
Road Signages 90 Bad
Secondary
Waiting Sheds 12 Bad
Under
Tacloban-Baybay South Road Overpass
1 construction
Avenida Veteranos Road
Traffic Lights 1 Good
Road Signages 2 Bad
Burgos St.
Overpass 1 Fair
Naga-naga-Anibong Road Waiting Sheds 4 Bad
Overpass 1 Good
Apitong-Paterno Road Waiting Sheds 3 Bad
Rizal Avenue Extension (S00006LT) Pedestrian Crossing 2 Faded
Benjamin “Kokoy” Romualdez Diversion
Pedestrian Crossing
Road 4 Faded
Waiting Sheds 3 Bad
Picas-San Jose-DZR Airport Road
Road Signages 60 Fair

ROAD NAME PER ROAD TYPE OF ANCILLARY ROAD

NO. CONDITION
CLASSIFICATION FACILITIES

Trece Martirez Road Waiting Sheds 1 Bad
Waiting Sheds 4 Bad
Leyte-Samar Road
Caibaan Road Waiting Sheds 3 Bad
Calanipawan Road Waiting Sheds 3 Bad
Road Signages 1 Bad
San Jose-Manlurip-MacArthur Park Road Street Lights 60 Good
Waiting Sheds 2 Bad
Tigbao-Sta.Fe-San Miguel Road
Waiting Sheds 2 Bad
Justice Romualdez Street Street Lights 28 Good
Traffic Lights 2 Good
Waiting Sheds 1 Bad
Rizal Avenue Road Street Lights 6 Good
Traffic Lights 2 None
Road Signages 5 Bad
Magsaysay Road Street Lights 77 Good

Table 19. Inventory of Bridges by Location, Type, Capacity and Condition, Tacloban City, 2015
HAZARD SUSCEPTIBILITY
BRIDGE YEAR LOAD CAPACITY PHYSICAL (H/M/L)
BRGY. LENGTH TYPE
NAME CONSTRUCTED (TONS) CONDITION F
TC EQ LN TS SU O
L
1. San Juanico Bridge 97, Cabalawan 1975 2.16km. RCDG 15 Tons Good L L M L L M
90 Bay-bay, San
2. Payapay Bridge 26.0m RCDG 20 Tons Good H M M M H H
Jose
3. Kawayan Bridge 90 Old Kawayan 14.0m RCDG 20 Tons Good M L L L L L
4. Suhi Bridge 105 San Isidro 15.0m RCDG 20 Tons Good M L L L L L
5. Barugu-an Bridge 97 Cabalawan 32.0m RCDG 20 Tons Good L L L L L L
6. Burayan Bridge 83-A 25.0m RCDG 20 Tons Good H M L L L H
7. Apitong Bridge 110 12.0m RCDG 20 Tons Good L L L L L L
8. Diit Bridge 99-Diit 22.0m RCDG 20 Tons Good H L L M M M
9. Diit Bridge II 99-Diit 22.5m RCDG 15 Tons Good M L M L L
10. Bagacay Bridge 93 Bagacay 10.0m RCDG 20 Tons Good M L M L L M
11. Tigbao Bridge 94-Tigbao 46.0m RCDG 20 Tons Good H L M M L H
12. Upper Nula- Tula 3- Upper 10.0m RCDG 15 Tons Good L L M M L L
13. Camansihay Bridge 98 10.0m RCDG 15 Tons Good M L L M L H
14. Aslum Bridge 58 & 60 8.0m RCDG 15 Tons Good M L L L L H
15. Dadison Bridge 54 & 56 Pericohon 8.0m RCDG 15 Tons Good M L L L L H
16. Magallanes Bridge 54-A 10.0m RCDG 15 Tons Good M M L L L H
17. Palanog Bridge 12- GE 22.5m RCDG 15 Tons Good M L L M L L
18. Scandinavian Bridge 99-Diit 10.0m RCDG 15 Tons Good L L M L L L
19. San Roque Bridge 100 8.0m RCDG 15 Tons Good M L L H L L
20. Utap Bridge 110 12.0m RCDG 15 Tons Good M L L L L L
21. Utap Bridge 2 (HIC) 110 10.0m RCDG 15 Tons Good M L L L L L

22. Utap Bridge 3
(Going to 110 10.0m RCDG 15 Tons Good L L L L L L
Maharlika
23. Mangonbangon
Bridge 1 (Siren, 49 & 50 24.0m RCDG 15 Tons Good M L L L L M
Quarry)
24. Mangonbangon
65 12.0m RCDG 20 Tons Good H M L L M H
Bridge 2 (Anibong)
25. Mangonbangon
Bridge 3 (Anibong 36 10.0m FVR 15 Tons Good L L L M L H
Brgy. 36)
26. Marasbaras Bridge 80 & 82 8.0m Box Culvert 15 Tons Good H L L L L M
27. Siren Bridge 36 10.0m RCDG 15 Tons Good M L L L L M
28. Quarry Bridge 43-A 10.0m RCDG 15 Ton Good M L L L L M
29. Sta. Cruz Bridge 45 24.0m RCDG 15 Tons Good M L L L L L
30. Paterno Bridge 80 & 82 10.0m RCDG 15 Tons Good M L L L L L

Source: Tacloban City District Engineering Office (TCDEO) and City Engineers Office, 2015

Table 20. Inventory of Ancillary Road Facilities, 2015
ANCILLARY
ROAD ROAD NAME PER ROAD CONDITION HAZARD SUSCEPTIBILITY (H/M/L)
NO.
FACILITIES CLASSIFICATION (TONS)
PRESENT
FL TC EQ LN TS SU O
National Road
Pedestrian
Daang Maharlika (S00002LT) 10 Fair M L L L L L
Crossing
Daang Maharlika (S00013LT) 2 Fair L L L L L L
Tacloban-Baybay South Road
8 Fair L L L L L L
(S00025LT)
2 Fair L L L L L L
(S00026LT)
Tacloban Baybay South Road
3 Fair L L L L L L
(S00027LT)
Avenida Veteranos (S00003LT) 5 Fair L L L L L L
Burgos St. (S00008LT) 3 Fair L L L L L L
Burgos St. (S00031LT) 4 Fair L L L L L L
Naga-naga-Anibong Road (S00015LT) 4 Fair M L L L L M
Naga-naga - Anibong Road 1 Fair M L L L L M
Apitong-Paterno Road 4 Fair L L L L L L
3 Fair L L L L L L
(S00027LT)
Burgos Street (S00008LT) 3 Fair L L L L L L
Burgos Street (S00031LT) 4 Fair L L L L L L
Rizal Avenue Extension (S00006LT) 2 Fair L L L L L L
Benjamin “Kokoy” Romualdez Diversion
4 Fair M L L L L H
Road
Picas-San Jose-DZR Airport Road 4 Fair M L L L H L
Rizal Avenue (S00009LT) 4 Fair L L L L L L
Trece Martirez Road 3 Fair M L L L L H
3 Fair L L L L L M
(S00012LT)
3 Fair M L L L L M
(S00020LT)
Leyte-Samar Road (S00003LT) 3 Fair L L L L L L
Caibaan Road (S00018LT) 2 Fair M L L L L L
Calanipawan Road (S00019LT) 2 Fair L L L L L L
San Jose-Manlurip-MacArthur Park Road 4 Fair L L L L L H
Calanipawan Road (S00028LT) 2 Fair L L L L L L
Caibaan Road (S00029LT) 2 Fair L L L L L L
Tigbao-Sta.Fe-San Miguel Road
1 Fair L L L M L L
(S00030LT)
Tigbao-Sta Fe-San Miguel Road
3 Fair L L L L M L
(S00033LT)
Overpass Naga-Naga Anibong Road 1 Fair L L L L L L
Apitong-Paterno Road 1 Good L L L L L L
1 Good L L L L L L
(S00020LT)

ANCILLARY
NO.
PRESENT
FL TC EQ LN TS SU O
Waiting Sheds Daang Maharlika (S00002LT) 5 Fair L L L L L L
Leyte-Samar Road 4 Fair L L L L L L
Tigbao-Sta. Fe-San Miguel Road 2 Fair L L L M L L
Picas-San Jose-DZR Airport Road 3 Fair L L L M L L
Naga-Naga – Anibong Road 4 Fair M L L L L M
Trece Martirez Road 1 Fair L L L L L H
Apitong-Paterno Road 3 Fair L L L L L L
Caibaan Road 2 Fair L L L L L L
Calanipawan Road 3 Fair L L L L L L
Tacloban-Baybay
1 Fair L L L L L L
South Road (S00027LT)
Tacloban-Baybay
11 Fair L L L L L L
South Road (S00025LT)
Justice Romualdez Street 2 Fair L L L L L L
Rizal Avenue 1 Fair L L L L L L
Streetlights Daang Maharlika 318 Good L L L L L L
Leyte-Samar Road 117 Good L L L L L L
Tigbao-Sta. Fe-San Miguel Road 84 Good L L L L L M
Picas-San Jose-DZR Airport Road 373 Good L L L L L M
San Jose-Manlurip-MacArthur Park Road 60 Good L L L L M H
Tacloban-Baybay South Road 85 Good L L L L L L
Justice Romualdez Street 28 Good L L L L L L
Rizal Avenue 6 Good L L L L L L
Caibaan Road 89 Good L L L L L L
Calanipawan Road 72 Good L L L L L L
Apitong-Paterno Road 55 Good L L L L L L
Magsaysay Road 77 Good L L L L L H
Trece Martirez Road 11 Good L L L M L H
Naga-Naga – Anibong Road 76 Good M L L L L M
Burgos Street 38 Good L L L L L L
Avenida Veteranos Road 52 Good L L L L L L
Traffic Lights Justice Romualdez Street 2 Bad L L L L M L
Rizal Avenue 2 Bad L L L L M L
Avenida Veteranos Road 2 Bad L L L L M L
Apitong 1 Bad L L L L M L
Abucay (Corner Bus Terminal, Maharlika
1 Bad L L L L M L
Highway)
Calanipawan (Corner Pajara) 1 Bad L L L L M L
Road Signages Avenida Veteranos Road 2 Fair L L L L M L
Naga-Naga – Anibong Road 47 Fair L L L L M L
Apitong-Paterno Road 28 Fair L L L L M L
Calanipawan Road 1 Fair L L L L M L

ANCILLARY
NO.
PRESENT
FL TC EQ LN TS SU O
Rizal Avenue Road 5 Fair L L L L M L
Tacloban-Baybay South Road 84 Fair L L L L M L
Leyte-Samar 120 Fair L L L L M L
Daang Maharlika 90 Fair L L L L M H
Picas-San Jose- DZR Airport Road 60 Fair L L L L H H
San Jose-Manlurip-MacArthur Park Road 10 Fair L L L L H L
Tigbao-Sta. Fe-San Miguel Road 154 Fair L L L M L L
TOTAL 2,766
Source: Tacloban City Engineering Office (TCDEO), 2015
6.1.3 Traffic Problems, Engineering & Solutions
In the central business district, roads along the main arteries and in the
public market area have been common choke points and these areas most
often experience vehicular traffic jam daily. This situation is a common sight
during peak hours of the day mostly 8 to 9 in the morning, 11 to 12 at noon and
3 to 7 in the afternoon. Outside of these peak hours, road users in the central
business district create traffic congestion at manageable level.
Vehicular congestion do occur during road accidents and yet TOMECO,

a traffic office of the city, is slow in establishing a system for its solution. Traffic
aides are deployed to manage and maintain street orderliness and facilitate
emergency rescue during accidents and expedite the immediate response of
law enforcers. Still, the response is not prompt which results in the buildup of
vehicles taking precious time of motorists.
These traffic problems are compounded with the following factors:
A. Conflict of Policy Implementation
The DPWH, a national government agency represented by the Tacloban

City Engineering District which has jurisdiction over the maintenance of
national roads, imposed upon a “No-Parking” policy to the vehicle-using public.
On the other hand, TOMECO, an office of the City Government of Tacloban
which has jurisdiction over the implementation of traffic ordinance over city and

national roads, tolerated these scenarios. It allowed the parking of all vehicles
all day round on all national roads of the city of Tacloban e.g. Imelda avenue,
Rizal Avenue, J. Romualdez street, real street portion of Paterno street,
Maharlika roads, etc.
This implementation conflict caused the slowing down of the movement

of vehicles despite national roads already widen. The capacity of roads cannot
match the oversupply of vehicles on streets on ordinary time, much more during
peak hours.
B. Ineffective Traffic Enforcement
A sample situation in the ineffectiveness of traffic enforcement can be

shown on the following intersections and or choke points:
B.1 Intersection
In the intersection of Utap Z-Sagkahan-Apitong (USA) in the morning of

any working day, as a classic example, TOMECO allowed parked cars,
pedicabs, motorized cabs, bicycles to stay and occupy the vicinity of the
intersection in all sides of the roads causing for the major building-up of slow-
moving vehicles leaving the lone traffic enforcer helpless.
The same situation also occurs in the following intersections:
➢ Caiba-an Road corner Caiba-an Airport national road;

➢ Calanipawan road corner Caiba-an Airport national road;
➢ Kalipayan corner Real street in Sagkahan;
➢ Calanipawan cor Real street in Sagkahan;
➢ El Reposo corner Real street in Sagkahan;
➢ Rotonda Naga naga
➢ Tigbao national road cor Maharlika highway;
➢ Corner road fronting Leyte Progressive highway

B.2 Choke points
Choke points are bottle-neck forming situations of vehicular traffic

whereby the normal width of the road is narrowed down to a width where
vehicles will find difficulty in maneuvering with or without the road intersection.
It is because the segment of the road is being utilized either as unauthorized
loading and unloading area of passengers by PUJ/PUB, illegal parking of
vehicles of any kind, pedestrian utilization of part of the road, illegal vendors,
among others. In the next page are some examples:
➢ Robinsons Place in Marasbaras, whereby from the time of mall

opening up to the time of mall closing of operations, traffic choke
points can be observed.
➢ Caiba-an Apitong Rotonda fronting IP Cars
Choke points can be experienced on the usual demand peak
hours of 7-8:30 in the morning, 11-12 Noon and 4 to 7pm in the
afternoon.
➢ Sagkahan area in the vicinity of Land Bank of the Philippines.
Choke point develop during any banking hour of the day.
➢ LNHS-LNU intersection
➢ P. Paterno street and Imelda Avenue
➢ Corner Bus Terminal and Maharlika highway
C. Traffic due to nature’s occurrences
➢ Flooding
SLR lower Nula Tula Maharlika Highway when the

overflow of flood water at knee deep overflowing unto the
highway. Bgy. 95-A, Maharlika highway when flood waters
overflow to the highway.
D. Proliferation of Illegal sidewalk and Lane vendors
In the central business district such as the corners of M.H. Del Pilar
and Zamora streets & M.H. Del Pilar and J. Romualdez streets, as

an example, during the peak hours of 5pm to 8pm, the sidewalk

vendors are doing business with food carts operating boldly on the
edge of the lane complicating the traffic situation.
E. Pedestrians using the lane of the road
Because of the uncontrolled utilization by sidewalk vendors in all

sidewalks in the central business district, pedestrians use portion of
the lane of the road. The lanes are also illegally used by parked
vehicles.
F. No observance of Road Setback
The construction of new commercial buildings by owners/contractors

mostly does not observe appropriate road setback despite the
repeated reminders. The road setback by commercial building
owners could be part of the long-term solution to road decongestion
of vehicles. It would need political will on the part of LGU to impose
this provision of the law so that businessmen doing construction of
business establishments will be compelled to follow.
G. Unmet standard road to population ratio
In year 2015, based on the standard road to population ratio, records

showed that Tacloban city is short of 274 kilometers of roads in order
to meet the standard considering its population of 217,199. The
existing road network of Tacloban City is only 180.66 kilometers.
With this disparity, it is not surprising if vehicular jams are a common
sight in road intersections.
H. Undisciplined/ Lack of education regarding transport

regulations of PUJ/ PUB drivers
Most motorcycle/PUJ/PUB drivers earned informal driving lessons

which allowed them to secure license to drive. Driving etiquette may
not be part of the lessons learned during the driving skills training

which may contribute to common violation of traffic rules and having

no sympathy to fellow motorists.
I. Legitimate Businessman encroaching sidewalk
The sidewalk is invaded not only by illegal vendors but also partly by
legitimate business establishments. The block forming Romualdez
St., Salazar St., Zamora St. and M.H. Del Pilar Streets is the perfect
example where almost all of the stretch of this sidewalk is partly
occupied by legitimate business owners as evidenced by the display
of their wares along the sidewalk stretch.

Map 19. Existing Road Network

6.1.4 Solutions to Traffic Problems
Reorganization and Organizational Set up of TOMECO
The approach to the organization of the city’s traffic body must be a

holistic one anchored on sustainability. A new traffic organization shall be set
to replace TOMECO designed to be more responsive to the complexity of the
problem. The proposed organization shall include the following divisions which
shall be integrated into the proposed Traffic Office: Traffic Engineering Division,
Traffic Education, Data &Statistics Division, Road Accident Rescue Division,
Administrative Division then Traffic Enforcement Division.
Traffic Management Plan
The traffic management plan must encompass policy-direction, the

charging of particular source of funds, personnel complement in engineering,
law, fiscal and technical management and enforcement and fund generation.
The most encouraging aspect of incorporating traffic in the city’s organic

structure is its potential to generate funds within the framework of the law. This
will sustain the traffic operations and management and will contribute to the
city’s income. This is in consideration of the importance of services offered to
the public without necessarily raising taxes or legislating new tax regulations.
One of the engineering approaches to the traffic problem with a long term
effect is to conform to the road to population ratio, which is of year 2011, urban
road length should have been increased to two hundred seventy three 273
kilometers as projected based on the population census of 2015.
Establishment of additional Infrastructure
The proposed priority roads to be constructed part of the traffic engineering

approaches is the following:

A. Proposed Cancabato New CBD.
The proposed 400 hectares Cancabato new CBD, which area is

double than that of the existing CBD, will form a network of wider roads that
can handle more than double the capacity of the existing central business
district’s capacity to accommodate vehicles. It will aid solve the traffic
problem of the city for the next 2 decades.
B. Reopening, widening and construction of a network of cadastral roads
The reopening of cadastral roads in both the urban and rural areas
must be acted the soonest before the occupancy of illegal settlers while the
problem on informal settlers is still manageable.
C. Linking of all dead end roads in subdivision projects, barangay roads and
other dead-end roads in non-subdivision areas.
D. The slicing of big blocks into two to three sub-blocks.
The linking of dead-end roads and widening of their widths such as

those in standard roads will allow them to transform into thoroughfare which
will become part of the solution to the problem on vehicular congestion. The
extension of the Jones Street to link Paterno extension road to provide
another length of road is such an example in the urban area. The details of
which can be browsed in the proposed road network of the proposed zoning
map for the year 2017 to 2025.
A road that will link Maharlika highway in the intersection of Bgy. 95-
A, Caiba-an and Tacloban-Palo road in the intersection of Barangay 81,
Marasbaras, in the vicinity of City Hospital can help ease traffic congestion
on this road section.
A road that will link Tacloban-Palo road in the intersection of

Barangay 81, Marasbaras to connect Manlurip road in the vicinity of Bgy. 84
passing Bgy. 83 can also ease traffic congestion.

E. Construction of By-Pass Roads up to San Juanico Bridge from Bgy.

Caiba-an.
The by-pass road is a national road that runs parallel with the
Maharlika highway located along the foot of Caiba-an, Utap, Abucay and
Nula-tula mountain ranges. The purpose of which is to unload 50% of the
vehicles that utilize Maharlika highway in the section of Bgy. Caibaan to Bgy.
Tigbao, thus reducing traffic by 50% in that road segment. An additional
option is another by-pass road to parallel Maharlika road up to San Juanico
beginning from Bgy. Tigbao.
F. Establishment of several rotunda in the following intersections and/or

junctions.
The intersection of the by-pass road, Maharlika, and city roads could
at least help ease traffic flow situation if it is provided with a well-planned
intersection that optimizes the use of the road, provide traffic information
and reduces the problem of traffic bottleneck, overcrowding of vehicles and
jamming in the following road corners:
➢ Corner Apitong and Maharlika Highway

➢ Corner Utap-Sagkahan-Apitong (USA junction)
➢ Corner Maharlika highway-North Bus Terminal
➢ Corner Maharlika highway and Rizal Avenue Extension
G. Establishment of South Bus Terminal Exit Road
To keep South bus Terminal facility free from the hassle of traffic
jams, a separate exit road shall be constructed that will parallel the
Tacloban-Palo National road. It will traverse beginning from the south bus
terminal through Bgys. 78 and 109-A and exit to Bgy. 82 all in the
unoccupied and depressed area where no development will be disturbed.

6.1.5 Traffic Trends
The solutions laid out above are intended to preempt the projected
serious traffic complication that may occur once the problems are left
unattended. To catalyze future development, the present administration should
implement the solutions and projects presented to manage and address
worsening situation.
6.1.6 Road Capacity
Given the existing road length of the urban area to be 290 kilometers in
year 2015, (please see projected road demand matrix), the length of the road
during that censal year should have been 588 kilometers in so far as the
245,048 population count is considered since the road to population ratio is 2.4
kilometers road length to 1000 urban population. An additional 298 kilometers
road length should have been constructed in the year 2015 for the city to be
free from traffic problems and proper road management.
6.1.7 Current and Projected Road Needs
Shown below is the projected urban road Demand Matrix which will show
projected urban population and the corresponding road length demand. It is
assumed that 5% of the road length demand will be constructed each year.
➢ Parallel Road
➢ By-Pass Road
➢ Bridge Linking Magsaysay and D.Z.R. Airport.
Table 21 showed that Tacloban City’s farm to market roads or rural roads
exceeded the rural road demand by more than 200 percent. The administration
prioritized the construction of the farm to market roads for farmers to easily
transport local products to the market. This is a basic economic concern that
has been effectively addressed by the city government.

Table 21. Projected Urban Road Damaged Matrix, Tacloban City
ROAD
ROAD TO CURRENT EXISTING
URBAN LENGTH
YEAR POPULATION URBAN ROAD URBAN ROAD
POPULATION (DEMAND IN
RATIO REQUIREMENT LENGTH
KM)
2015 245,048 0.0024 588 290 298
2016 250,267 0.0024 601 304.5 296.5
2017 255,598 0.0024 613 320 293
2018 261,042 0.0024 626 336 290
2019 266,602 0.0024 640 353 287
2020 272,281 0.0024 653 371 282
2021 278,081 0.0024 667 390 277
2022 284,004 0.0024 682 410 272
Source: CPDO, 2015
Note: Bold figures are projections / assumptions
Table 22. Road Traffic Analysis Matrix, Tacloban City
TECHNICAL FINDINGS, IMPLICATIONS, EFFECTS, POSSIBLE SOLUTION (LEGISLATIONS,

ISSUES, CONCERNS IMPACTS POLICIES, PROGRAMS, PROJECTS)
Traffic and congestion of Construct new roads and link existing roads
Insufficient Roads to newly constructed ones to decongest
vehicles
traffic. Widen the existing roads
Create an office that will solely oversee the
Confusion to motorists and
Obsolete ancillary road facilities repair and maintenance of all the road
pedestrian
ancillary facilities
No established sidewalk for Pedestrians walk on the main
Establish walk ways for pedestrian
pedestrian road
Strictly implement one side parking in all city

Parking on both side of the
Narrowing of roads streets. Impose pay parking to generate
street
income.
Enact regulatory ordinance on ambulant and
Rampant vendors along streets sidewalk vendors.
and sidewalks Prohibit or control vendors along streets and
sidewalk
Lack of competent traffic Enforcers are some-times the Train and employ enforcers with at least two
enforcers cause of traffic years college education
Enact an ordinance that will address all

these issues
Apprehension of traffic violators should not

be seasonal
Full implementation of traffic regulatory laws
and ordinances.

Map 20. Location of Bridges

6.2 Power
6.2.1 Power Generation
All power consumption of Tacloban City traces its two (2) sources from
the renewable, natural, abundant and environmental-friendly Tongonan
geothermal-based power generated in Ormoc City and the Municipality of
Kananga, around 48-60 km. south-west of Tacloban City. The other provider is
the 200-MW coal-fired power plant Korean Electric Power Corporation
(KEPCO) in Brgy. Colon, Naga, Cebu.
With the Planned City Extension, the Cancabato CBD, it is suggested

that Tacloban City be considered to have a separate transmission grid that will
have an exclusive power connecting directly to the power generators in
Tongonan, Ormoc City. This will at least keep the power rate at competitive
edge with other cities in the Philippines and attract new business players in the
proposed new CBD and ensure to bring in fresh investments, generate jobs and
improve economy.
6.2.2 Power Transmission
Once power is being generated by a power transmission provider, a

private power company manages the transmission of power for distribution to
companies including electric cooperatives. In the case of Tacloban City, Leyte
Electric Cooperative II services the retailing of power to its consumers, including
also those in the First District of Leyte.
A power transmission highway, operated and maintained by a power

transmission company, traverses the Municipality of Babatngon going to the
direction of Samar Island and eventually to the greater Luzon area. Along this
transmission highway, particularly in Babatngon, a 69 Kilowatt power
substation junction is established for Tacloban’s power supply.
Another transmission highway runs towards the direction of Southern

Leyte and Mindanao Grid where a sub power station is also established and

where Tacloban originally gets its sole power supply. The 69 KVA line in
Babatngon power connection is only but an alternate power source anytime
during breakdown occurrences of the original power line source.
It is then assumed that power supply for Tacloban city from LEYECO II
is uninterruptible, continuous and constantly available unless the two
transmission highways, where Tacloban sourced its power, broke down at the
same time.
In another option, with a separate power transmission highway

dedicated to Tacloban City, perhaps power rate could now be negotiated from
the power provider in Ormoc City for an industrial rate and a lowered
commercial rate to bulk power consumers.
6.2.3 Power Distribution and Service
The power to be supplied direct and exclusive to the upcoming

Cancabato CBD will be distributed by a company to be organized by the city
government.
The Leyte Electric Cooperative II, which has jurisdiction over electric
power distribution direct to the power consumers in retail and at a power rate
being fixed by the distributing power cooperative, will still continue the power
distribution service on status quo of the existing areas served.
There are two (2) power sub stations for Tacloban City. One is located
in Barangay Abucay and the other one is located in Sagkahan, Tacloban City.
It is suggested that LGU Tacloban could be offered certain type of

ownership of LEYECO II and to have a seat in its board, with the City being one
of its biggest power consumers.

6.2.4 Power Connection
Tacloban City has more than sufficient provision of power supply by the
Leyte II Electric Cooperative or LEYECO II. With its main office in Real Street,
Tacloban City, it has three substations, two of which are located in Tacloban
City. One is located in Barangay Abucay and in Sagkahan, Tacloban City. The
total capacity of power generation is 45 megawatts, enough to supply any
projected increase of power needs for the next five years. Tacloban City is 100
percent energized, and although there are power outages, they are immediately
addressed.
Based on 2014 statistics, the average consumption of the city dropped

by 20% as compared to the 2012 data. The damage caused by the typhoon in
2013 is the main cause of the low consumption, proof that the city has not yet
totally recovered from the disaster.
The households without power connections are composed of the

marginalized sectors of the Tacloban populace where the capita income of the
head of the family is perhaps much lower than the set minimum wage for the
region. These households are located in the slum areas of the urban zone and
some in the rural areas.
Shanties that mushroomed along river easements, in esteros, along

salvage zones in the shorelines and abandoned idle lands and temporary
dwelling units that cannot be issued a building permit, electrical permits and
other such requirements, are those that usually do not have power connections.

Table 23. Households Served with Electricity for the Past Three Years
2013 2014 2015

TYPE OF NO. OF NO. OF NO. OF
CONSUMER CONNECT MWH % CONNECT MWH % CONNECT MWH %
IONS IONS IONS
Residential 45,128 73,270 51.31 42,978 52,491 53.32 45,959 56,070 54.49
Commercial 4,504 24,156 16.92 4,278 17,072 17.34 4,448 17,748 17.25
Industrial 765 28,775 20.15 18,814 18,814 19.11 18,884 18,884 18.35
Public
Buildings 564 13,209 9.25 481 8,021 8.15 489 8,157 7.93
Street Lights 185 3,376 2.36 69 2,050 2.08 69 2,050 1.99
TOTAL 51,146 142,786 100.00 66,620 98,448 100.00 69,849 102,909 100.00
Source: LEYECO II
Table 24. Number of Connections by Type of User and Average Consumption

for the Past Three Years
2013 2014 2015

TYPE OF NO. OF NO. OF NO. OF
CONSUMER CONNECT MWH % CONNECT MWH % CONNECT MWH %
IONS IONS IONS
Residential 45,128 73,270 51.31 42,978 52,491 53.32 45,959 56,070 54.49
Commercial 4,504 24,156 16.92 4,278 17,072 17.34 4,448 17,748 17.25
Industrial 765 28,775 20.15 18,814 18,814 19.11 18,884 18,884 18.35
Public
Buildings 564 13,209 9.25 481 8,021 8.15 489 8,157 7.93
Street Lights 185 3,376 2.36 69 2,050 2.08 69 2,050 1.99
TOTAL 51,146 142,786 100.00 66,620 98,448 100.00 69,849 102,909 100.00
Source: LEYECO II, 2016

Graph 1. Power Consumption (MWH) by Type of Consumers, Year 2015
2,050
8,157
Residential
18,884 Commercial
Industrial
56,070 Public Buildings
Street Lights
17,748
Graph 2. Power Consumption by Type of Consumer, Year 2015
60,000
50,000
40,000
2012
MWH
30,000
2013
20,000
2014
10,000
-
Residential Commercial Industrial Public Street Lights
Buildings
TYPE OF CONSUMER

Table 25. Projected Number of Connections by Type of Users and Average

Consumption (KWH/ Mo.)
TYPE OF 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 PERCENT

CONSUMER MWH MWH MWH MWH MWH MWH %
Residential 56,070 58,484 61,002 63,628 66,368 69,225 54.49
Commercial 17,748 18,512 19,309 20,140 21,008 21,912 17.25
Industrial 18,884 19,697 20,545 21,430 22,352 23,315 18.35
Public Buildings 8,157 8,508 8,874 9,257 9,655 10,071 7.93
Street Lights 2,050 2,138 2,230 2,326 2,427 2,531 1.99
TOTAL 102,909 107,340 111,961 116,781 121,809 127,054 100.00

Source: CPDO, 2016
Table 26. Power Substations, 2015
AREA HAZARD SUSCEPTIBILITY

NAME OF YEAR CAPACITY
BRGY OCCUPIED (H/M/L)
SUBSTATION CONSTRUCTED (MW)
(HA) Fl Tc Eq Ln Ts Su O
Sagkahan Substation Sagkahan 0.25 20 M M L L M M
Abucay Substation Abucay 0.24 20 L L L L M L

Source: LEYECO II
Table 27. Power Analysis Matrix
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
TECHNICAL FINDINGS, ISSUES, IMPLICATIONS/EFFECTS/
(LEGISLATION, POLICIES,
CONCERNS IMPACTS
PROGRAMS, PROJECTS)
Power
Prohibitive cost of providing power No industrial locators to Establish direct power line to power
supply to households thinly scattered in establish business; producer/s in Tongonan;
the outskirts of the urban Barangay
Prohibitive cost of providing power Poor and slow economic Develop EVRGC;
supply to Industry locators growth
Regressive Invite private partners in the field of
industrial realty development,
industrial realty financing, industrial
realty management and industrial
realty selling in the development of
EVRGC

6.3 Temperature
Leyte Island is characterized by two distinct types of climate: Type II and IV.
Tacloban falls under type II climate, which indicates having no definitive dry
season and a pronounced maximum precipitation from November to January.
It has been increasing throughout the baseline period, reaching the highest
observed temperature in the 1990s.
Mean Temperature
The output in Tacloban is lower than the observed temperature (Figure

11). After applying bias correction, the mean daily temperature across all
months closely resembles the seasonal profile in observed data, with the
highest difference between the observed and model output being around 0.1°C
in several months (Figure 10).
Figure 10. Monthly Mean Temperature (1971-2000)
Note: Error bars indicate the inter-annual variability at each month derived using the standard deviation.
The PDF for the model output have lower variability. However, the
ensemble model was able to capture the distribution for mean daily
temperature, although it still has a higher peak and shorter tails (Figure 12).
After bias correction, while the PDFs for the corrected model data exhibited a

higher peak and shorter tails, they peak at the same mean temperature as the
observed PDF.
Figure 11. Monthly Mean Temperature (1971-2000)
Note: Error bars indicate the inter-annual variability at each month derived using the standard deviation.
The PDF for the model output have lower variability. However, the
ensemble model was able to capture the distribution for mean daily
temperature, although it still has a higher peak and shorter tails (Figure 12).
After bias correction, while the PDFs for the corrected model data exhibited a
higher peak and shorter tails, they peak at the same mean temperature as the
observed PDF.

Figure 12. Probability Density Functions for Mean Daily Temperature (1971-
2000)
The mean daily temperature was increasing throughout the baseline

period in both the observed and corrected model outputs, although the trends
in the model output (with and without bias-correction) resemble the observed
trend more closely (Figure 13). While there were periods in the annual model
trends which do not capture the increase or decrease in temperature relative to
the observed trends, both lie mostly within the yearly variability of the observed
data, increasing confidence in the validity of the corrected model outputs.

Figure 13. Annual Mean Daily Temperature (1971-2000)
Error bars indicate the inter-annual variability at each month derived using the standard deviation.
The increase in mean daily temperature throughout the baseline period

is also reflected in Figure 14, which depicts the decadal monthly mean
temperature. There was a higher average increase in mean temperature from
the 1970s to the 1980s (~0.245°C) than the 0.237°C increase from 1980s to
1990s (Figure 14).
Figure 14. Decadal Monthly Mean Temperature for the Baseline Period (1971-
2000)

There has been an overall increase in mean daily temperature by

decade across all months except in March from the 1970s to the 1980s,
although the decrease is less than 0.05°C (Figure 14). While there was only an
average increase of less than 0.1°C from the 1970s to the 1980s from March
to May, the temperature increase was generally larger for these months from
the 1980s to the 1990s. A higher increase in mean daily temperature was
observed from September to January from the 1980s to the 1990s.These
months typically have longer nights, which indicate that the large increase in
mean daily temperature would lead to warmer nights.
Precipitation
Figure 15 shows that the RegCM4 model outputs do not reflect the
seasonal trend of mean precipitation from PAGASA. Trends peak between
June to October. Tacloban has a Type II climate, where the maximum
precipitation rate occurs during December to February. After applying the bias
correction to model outputs, the respective corrected model resemble the
observed trends, although the rainfall values are slightly higher than the
observed (Figure 15).
Figure 15. Monthly Total Precipitation (1971-2000)
Error bars indicate the inter-annual variability at each month derived using the standard deviation.

Figure 16. Annual Total Precipitation (1971-2000)
Note: Observed data from 1971-1972 and 1976-1977 are missing and are not included in the analysis. Error
bars indicate the inter-annual variability at each month derived using the standard deviation.
Despite the huge disparities in seasonal trends, most of the annual

precipitation values and trends from the model outputs were close to the
observed data for most years (Figure 16). Hence, annual precipitation trends is
not as reliable of an indicator of climate trends as seasonal trends, although it
can still be useful for providing general long-term trends in the study areas. It
can be observed that the annual shifts in precipitation patterns become more
extreme throughout the baseline period.
Figure 17 shows similar patterns in rainfall distribution. However, the

ensemble model output was able to resemble the observed histogram such
that the frequency of days with 0-20 mm rainfall is higher than the number of
days with zero rainfall (Figure 17).

Figure 17. Histogram for Precipitation (1971-2000)
The decadal mean monthly total precipitations are depicted in Figure 18.
A continuous decline in precipitation throughout the baseline period were
observed from July to September, which are historically wet months, as well as
March and April, characterized as dry months (Figure 18).
There is an observed overall decadal decrease in mean precipitation

throughout the baseline period, which indicates drier conditions in more months
during the year (Figure 18). A decadal increase in precipitation was only
observed in May and August, which are normally two of the driest months in the
city. A continuous decline in rainfall was observed during the period with the
highest precipitation (November to January), except in December, which saw
an increase in rainfall from 1971 to 2000.

Figure 18. Decadal Monthly Total Precipitation for the Baseline Period (1971-
2000)
Analysis of projected climate
This section focuses on the projected changes in precipitation and mean

daily temperature for Tacloban relative to the baseline climate of 1971 to 2000.
In this section, the mean values for the period 2011-2040 will be referred
to as the 2025 mean, while those for the period 2036-2065 will be termed the
2050 mean.
Conclusion
Using climate data from four global climate models and bias correction
techniques, the regional climate model (RegCM4) was able to simulate
historical trends for precipitation and mean daily temperature in Tacloban City
based from observation data from PAGASA weather stations. Specifically, the
ensemble model outputs closely resembled the monthly trends in said climate
parameters across all cities. Although discrepancies from observation data
were observed in annual trends, they were still reliable for describing general
long-term climate trends in these areas. The projected climate simulations in

the city using the downscaled GCMs under the moderate RCP4.5 scenario
determined that total precipitation will increase in the city by 2025 and 2050.
The mean daily temperatures will increase by an average of at least 1.6°C and
2.6°C in the city for 2025 and 2050, respectively. Monthly trends indicate long-
term shifts in climate, with impacts such as increased precipitation in historically
dry months and relatively higher increments in mean temperatures during
historically cooler months becoming common in the future. Data and
information generated from this study can be used to prepare communities in
the city and the surrounding areas for potential shifts in climate that would result
in events such as stronger hydrological extremes by increasing their climate
resilience. This, in turn, can help strengthen long-term water security for
populations in these areas, which is vital for sustainable development. As
necessity for bias correction of model output, only the bias-corrected model
outputs will be shown in this section.
8.4 Water Supply
Existing Situation
Tacloban City’s main water supply is from the Leyte Metropolitan Water
District or LMWD, which is at present managed by the Province of Leyte. The
water source is from Tingib River of Pastrana and Dagami, Leyte. Although
Tacloban City is the biggest water concessionaire, as it has 70.68% of the total
connections as of 2008, its water supply is inadequate. The number of
connections is due to LMWD’s policy of “one subdivision - one meter”. Ironically,
other municipalities under their service areas are sufficiently supplied with water
24 hours a day.
Tacloban City’s water connections from LMWD are concentrated in the

urban area. LMWD does not provide service to the northern barangays. People
in these areas use deep wells or shallow wells for their water needs. Others
have their water supply delivered in bulk by LMWD while some residents resort
to the use of electric motor driven deep wells in order to draw water.

The water supply condition in the city is not sufficient compared to other
municipalities being serviced by LMWD but the City Government of Tacloban
is trying to look for ways to improve the situation and the possibility of having
its own water system.
Table 28 below reflects the number of water consumers and the number
of connections per type of consumer and its corresponding consumption. It
shows that industrial consumers have the biggest consumption while
commercial consumers have the least consumption.
Table 28. Number of Consumption by Type of Water Connections, Tacloban

City, 2015
TYPE OF CONNECTION NO. OF CONNECTION BILLED WATER AVERAGE CONSUMPTION
Residential 12,279 3,515,321 23.86

Government 245 272,998 92.86
Commercial 6,948 862,222 10.34
Industrial 23 249,448 903.80
Bulk Sale 4 33,716 702.43
Total 19,499 4,933,705 346.66
Source: LMWD
Another water service provider is Mactan Rock which derived its source
from sub-surface water and with series of filters. It supplies part of V&G and
Tacloban North subdivisions such as (GMA) in barangay New Kawayan.
6.4.1 Description of the State of Water Service
Almost all of these connections are concentrated in the urban area of the
city of Tacloban. Despite of being connected with water pipe either with level II
or with other category, the standard requirement of 100-110 liters per capita per
day that the water service provider is mandated to deliver to all water
concessions is not being met. Only droplets of water comes out from the faucet
in the 24 hour water service, a situation being experienced by most water
consumers in the northern part of Tacloban city’s urban area.

Somewhere in Upper Nula-Tula and nearby vicinities, the same poor

water scenario has been experienced by the residents. In fact, true to all water
consumers the anecdote that says, “It is better to have cut off water service
connection rather than constantly paying the minimum water fees being
collected by LMWD even if no water is flowing from their respective faucets.”
However, in Lower Nula-tula right at the vicinity of the Office of the Leyte
Metropolitan Water District and its vicinities down to PHHC and portion of Naga-
naga where Kassel Cristina and Kassel Homes Subdivisions are located,
sometimes water drips out from the faucet in the graveyard hour. One must
vigil the night to keep watch for the water to start dripping.
The same fate is being experienced by water consumers in Bgys. Utap,

and Abucay which are located just adjacent to the Central Business District.
In the periphery of the Central Business District, right at the foot of the
Calvary Hill where the biggest above-ground reinforced concrete reservoir of
LMWD is located, erratic to no water service have been experienced by the
water consumers.
This is likewise experienced by the water consuming public right at the

heart of the central business district where almost all water connections are
commercial. Since these areas cannot afford to have no water supply at all
because of the need of the business, sadly, if not all of the connections are
being attached with motorized pump in tandem with heavy duty pressure tank
to force pump water out of the pipe, a must-do situation in order to maintain the
head-on business competition especially by restaurants and fast food
operators.
In V&G subdivision and its adjacent Calanipawan and Sagkahan areas,

located in the southern part of the city where the transmission pipe of the water
is just but a few distance away, water consumers suffer the same worst water
service.

Table 29. Level I Water Supply System by Type and Number of Population
Served, Year 2015
SHALLOW WELL DEEP WELL IMPROVED SPRING

HH POP. HH POP.
BRGY. HH POP. SERVED
SERVED SERVED
NO. POP. NO. NO.
HH % NO. % NO. % FL TC EQ LN TS SU
Brgy. 2 10 511 100 1.96% None None None None None None M L L L L H
Brgy. 3 8 2,542 498 0.31% None None None None None None L L L L L H
Brgy. 1 & 4 2 1,069 210 0.19% None None None None None None L L L L L H
Brgy. 6-A 3 1,335 262 0.22% None None None None None None M L L L L H
Brgy. 13 1 62 12 1.96% None None None None None None L L L L L H
Brgy. 14 7 341 67 1.96% None None None None None None L L L L L M
Brgy. 16 4 192 38 1.96% None None None None None None L L L L L L
Brgy. 21-A 5 240 47 1.96% None None None None None None L L L L L L
Brgy. 25 6 1,901 373 0.32% None None None None None None L L L L L L
Brgy. 29 3 165 32 1.96% None None None None None None L L L LL L L
Brgy. 35-A 12 883 173 1.36% None None None None None None L L L L L M
Brgy. 36 7 1,148 225 0.61% None None None None None None M L L L L L
Brgy. 39 6 2,594 509 0.23% None None None None None None M L L L L H


HH POP. HH POP.
SERVED SERVED
NO. POP. NO. NO.
Brgy. 43-A 5 1,116 219 0.45% None None None None None None M L L M L L
Brgy. 43-B 6 1,197 235 0.50% None None None None None None L L L M L L
Brgy. 44 9 441 86 1.96% None None None None None None M L L LM L L
Brgy. 44-A 5 259 51 1.96% None None None None None None M L L M L L
Brgy. 49 2 1,607 315 0.12% None None None None None None L L L M L L
Brgy. 50 5 266 52 1.96% None None None None None None M L L L L L
Brgy. 50-A 4 711 139 0.56% None None None None None None L L L L L L
Brgy. 50-B 5 1,159 227 0.43% None None None None None None L L L L L L
Brgy. 55
8 813 159 0.98% None None None None None None M L L L L L
and 55-A
Brgy. 57 10 1,018 200 0.98% None None None None None None M L L L L M
Brgy. 60 10 1,219 239 0.82% None None None None None None L L L L L M
Brgy. 60-A 8 1,573 308 0.51% None None None None None None L L L L M H
Brgy. 61 12 1,265 248 0.95% None None None None None None M L L L M M
Brgy. 65 10 1,175 230 0.85% None None None None None None M L L L M H
Brgy. 66 9 1,387 272 0.65% None None None None None None M M L L M H
Brgy. 66-A 10 1,321 259 0.76% None None None None None None M M L L M H
Brgy. 67 11 1,179 231 0.93% None None None None None None L L L M H H
Brgy. 68 10 2,106 413 0.47% None None None None None None L L L M H H
Brgy. 69 9 2,039 400 0.44% None None None None None None L L L L H H
Brgy. 70 10 1,156 227 0.87% None None None 1 1,156.00 289 L L L M H H
Brgy. 72 16 802 157 1.96% None None None None None None L L L L M H
Brgy. 73 9 481 94 1.96% None None None None None None L L L M M L


HH POP. HH POP.
SERVED SERVED
NO. POP. NO. NO.
Brgy. 75 8 936 184 0.85% None None None None None None M L L L M H
Brgy. 76 12 1,094 215 1.10% None None None None None None M L L L M H
Brgy. 83 10 2,495 489 0.40% None None None None None None L L L L M H
Brgy. 83-A 14 1,761 345 0.80% None None None None None None L L L L M H
Brgy. 89 8 3,652 716 0.22% None None None None None None L L L L M K
Brgy. 90 9 442 87 1.96% None None None None None None L L L L M H
Brgy. 5-A 9 473 93 1.96% None None None None None None M L L L L H
Brgy. 36-A 13 645 126 1.96% None None None None None None M L L L L L
Brgy. 42-A 6 1,654 324 0.36% None None None None None None L L L L L M
Brgy. 48-A 4 644 126 0.62% None None None None None None L L L M L L
Brgy. 48-B 4 656 129 0.61% None None None None None None L L L L L H
Brgy. 51-A 5 231 45 1.96% None None None None None None M L L L L M
Brgy. 56-A 3 563 110 0.53% None None None None None None L L L L L H
Brgy. 59-A 6 3,209 629 0.19% None None None None None None M L L L L M
Brgy. 59-B 8 831 163 0.96% None None None None None None L L L L L M
Brgy. 62-A 8 4,470 876 0.18% None None None None None None L L L L L M
Brgy. 62-B 8 3,615 709 0.22% None None None None None None M L L L L M
Brgy. 83-B 8 2,609 512 0.31% None None None None None None L L L L L H
Brgy. 83-C 7 3,494 685 0.20% None None None None None None L L L L L H
Brgy. 95-A 6 2,826 554 0.21% None None None None None None M L L L L L


HH POP. HH POP.
SERVED SERVED
NO. POP. NO. NO.
Brgy. 100 12 2,352 461 0.51% None None None None None None L L M H L L
Brgy. 101 10 506 99 1.96% None None None None None None L L L M L M
Brgy. 102 7 381 75 1.96% None None None None None None M L L M L H
Brgy. 103 12 2,943 577 0.41% None None None 4 2,943.00 735.75 M L L H L L
Brgy. 103-
9 478 94 1.96% None None None None None None M L L M L L
A
Brgy. 104 6 1,829 359 0.33% None None None 3 1,829.00 457.25 L L L M L L
Brgy. 105 3 1,441 283 0.21% None None None None None None L L L H L L
Brgy. 106 8 822 161 0.97% None None None None None None L L L H L L
Brgy. 107 5 972 191 0.51% None None None None None None L L L M L L
Brgy. 108 3 573 112 0.52% None None None None None None H L L L L H
Brgy. 12 10 1,702 334 0.59% None None None None None None H L L M L L
Brgy. 37-A 5 907 178 0.55% None None None None None None H L L M L L
Brgy. 93 4 2,729 535 0.15% None None None 1 2,729.00 682.25 M L L M L H
Brgy. 97 5 2,249 441 0.22% None None None 1 2,249.00 562.25 M L L L L H
Brgy. 98 6 1,146 225 0.52% None None None None None None M L L H L L
Brgy. 99 6 5,501 1079 0.11% None None None 1 5,501.00 1,375.25 M L L H L H
Brgy. 94-A 8 1,242 244 0.64% None None None None None None L L L H L L
Source: LMWD; 2016
Notes:
• % = (No. of HH served/No. of households) x 100
Table 30. Water Sources of Level ll Water Supply System

WATER SOURCE BARANGAY PHYSICAL CONDITION
FL TC EQ LN TS SU O
103
Deep Well Operational(Domestic Type) L L H L L L
Palanog Proper
Deep Well 25 Operational(Domestic Type) M L L L M H
107
Rain Harvesting Operational (for Repair) L L L L L L
Sta. Elena
Source: LMWD
Notes:
•Physical Condition: fair, poor, critical
•Indicate level of susceptibility for all hazards: High (H), Moderate (M), Low (L)
•Types of hazards – Flood (Fl), Tropical cyclone (Tc), Earthquake (Eq), Volcano (Vo), Landslide (Ln),
Tsunami (Ts), Storm Surge (Su), Others (e.g. coastal erosion, sea level rise, land subsidence, liquefaction,
strong wind, change in temperature, change in rainfall, etc.)

Table 31. Existing Surface Water Resources by Type and Classification, 2015
SURFACE WATER
(E.G. LAKES, RIVERS, WATER LOCATION
CLASSIFICATION
IMPOUNDING STRUCTURES, ETC.)
Binahaan River, Intake Structure Bgy. San Agustin, Jaro Leyte Class A
Maitom Creek , Intake Dam Bgy. Hibunawon, Jaro, Leyte Class A
Atipolo Creek, Intake Dam Bgy. Atipolo, Jaro, Leyte Class A
Magculo Creek, Intake Dam Bgy. Atipolo, Jaro, Leyte Class A
Hitomnog River, Intake Dam Bgy. Macalang,Dagami, Leyte Class A
Hiabngan River, Intake Dam Bgy. Macalang,Dagami, Leyte Class A

Source: LMWD
Table 32. Water Requirement by Barangay Population, 2015
POPULATION/
PROJECTED
POPULATION WATER WATER DEFICIT/ NO. OF ESTABLISH
BRGY. WATER
(2015) SUPPLY REQUIREMENT SURPLUS MENTS IN YEAR
REQUIREMENT
10*
Urban 206,558
2 634 LMWD 14,328.40
3 3,153 LMWD 71,257.80
1&4 1,326 LMWD 29,967.60
5 561 LMWD 12,678.60
6 368 LMWD 8,316.80
6-A 1,656 LMWD 37,425.60
7 392 LMWD 8,859.20
8 323 LMWD 7,299.80
13 77 LMWD 1,740.20
14 423 LMWD 9,559.80
15 92 LMWD 2,079.20
16 238 LMWD 5,378.80
17 283 LMWD 6,395.80
18 308 LMWD 6,960.80
19 391 LMWD 8,836.60
20 759 LMWD 17,153.40
21 294 LMWD 6,644.40
21-A 298 LMWD 6,734.80
22 119 LMWD 2,689.40
23 686 LMWD 15,503.60
24 479 LMWD 10,825.40
25 2,358 LMWD 53,290.80
26 362 LMWD 8,181.20
27 285 LMWD 6,441.00
28 450 LMWD 10,170.00
29 205 LMWD 4,633.00
30 220 LMWD 4,972.00
31 835 LMWD 18,871.00

POPULATION/
PROJECTED
BRGY. WATER
REQUIREMENT
10*
32 220 LMWD 4,972.00
33 270 LMWD 6,102.00
34 414 LMWD 9,356.40
35 336 LMWD 7,593.60
35-A 1,095 LMWD 24,747.00
36 1,424 LMWD 32,182.40
37 3,901 LMWD 88,162.60
38 502 LMWD 11,345.20
39 3,218 LMWD 72,726.80
40 350 LMWD 7,910.00
41 175 LMWD 3,955.00
42 1,134 LMWD 25,628.40
43 563 LMWD 12,723.80
43-A 1,384 LMWD 31,278.40
43-B 1,485 LMWD 33,561.00
44 547 LMWD 12,362.20
44-A 321 LMWD 7,254.60
45 495 LMWD 11,187.00
46 594 LMWD 13,424.40
47 781 LMWD 17,650.60
48 581 LMWD 13,130.60
49 1,993 LMWD 45,041.80
50 330 LMWD 7,458.00
50-A 882 LMWD 19,933.20
50-B 1,438 LMWD 32,498.80
51 645 LMWD 14,577.00
52 1,632 LMWD 36,883.20
53 848 LMWD 19,164.80
54 1,002 LMWD 22,645.20
55-55A 1,008 LMWD 22,780.80
56 1,430 LMWD 32,318.00
57 1,263 LMWD 28,543.80
58 1,497 LMWD 33,832.20
59 3,768 LMWD 85,156.80
60 1,512 LMWD 34,171.20
60-A 1,951 LMWD 44,092.60
61 1,569 LMWD 35,459.40
62 1,859 LMWD 42,013.40
63 3,240 LMWD 73,224.00
64 2,911 LMWD 65,788.60
65 1,458 LMWD 32,950.80
66 1,721 LMWD 38,894.60
66-A 1,639 LMWD 37,041.40
67 1,462 LMWD 33,041.20
68 2,612 LMWD 59,031.20
69 2,529 LMWD 57,155.40
70 1,434 LMWD 32,408.40
71 7,533 LMWD 170,245.80
72 995 LMWD 22,487.00
73 597 LMWD 13,492.20
74 8,223 LMWD 185,839.80
75 1,161 LMWD 26,238.60

POPULATION/
PROJECTED
BRGY. WATER
REQUIREMENT
10*
76 1,357 LMWD 30,668.20
77 4,607 LMWD 104,118.20
78 2,385 LMWD 53,901.00
79 1,506 LMWD 34,035.60
80 1,440 LMWD 32,544.00
81 944 LMWD 21,334.40
82 1,516 LMWD 34,261.60
83 3,095 LMWD 69,947.00
83-A 2,184 LMWD 49,358.40
84 7,021 LMWD 158,674.60
85 1,792 LMWD 40,499.20
86 1,620 LMWD 36,612.00
87 3,916 LMWD 88,501.60
88 12,261 LMWD 277,098.60
89 4,530 LMWD 102,378.00
90 548 LMWD 12,384.80
91 7,765 LMWD 175,489.00
92 4,716 LMWD 106,581.60
LMWD/
94 2,662 60,161.20
DELIVERY
96 4,690 LMWD 105,994.00
95 7,169 LMWD 162,019.40
109 7,675 LMWD 173,455.00
109-A 10,860 LMWD 245,436.00
110 5,204 LMWD 117,610.40
5-A 587 LMWD 13,266.20
36-A 800 LMWD 18,080.00
42-A 2,052 LMWD 46,375.20
48-A 799 LMWD 18,057.40
48-B 814 LMWD 18,396.40
51-A 287 LMWD 6,486.20
54-A 1,012 LMWD 22,871.20
56-A 698 LMWD 15,774.80
59-A 3,981 LMWD 89,970.60
59-B 1,031 LMWD 23,300.60
62-A 5,545 LMWD 125,317.00
62-B 4,484 LMWD 101,338.40
83-B 3,236 LMWD 73,133.60
83-C 4,334 LMWD 97,948.40
95-A 3,506 LMWD 79,235.60
8-A 296 LMWD 6,689.60
23-A 538 LMWD 12,158.80
Rural 38,489 778,592.60
100 2,918 DELIVERY 65,946.80
101 628 DELIVERY 14,192.80
102 473 DELIVERY 10,689.80
DELIVERY/
103 3,651 82,512.60
DEEP WELL
103-A 593 SPRING 13,401.80
104 2,269 DELIVERY 51,279.40
105 1,787 DELIVERY 40,386.20
106 1,020 DELIVERY 23,052.00

POPULATION/
PROJECTED
BRGY. WATER
REQUIREMENT
10*
RAIN
107 1,206 27,255.60
HARVESTING
108 711 DELIVERY 16,068.60
12 2,111 DELIVERY 47,708.60
37-A 1,125 DELIVERY 25,425.00
93 3,385 DELIVERY 76,501.00
97 2,790 DELIVERY 63,054.00
SPRING/
98 1,422 32,137.20
DELIVERY
LMWD/
99 6,824 154,222.40
DELIVERY
LMWD/
94-A 1,541 34,826.60
SPRING
Source: LMWD
Notes:
• Year 10 = Current year + 10 years
• Water supply at distribution source is based on current capacity.
• Domestic water requirement is based on the projected population in 10 years.
•Commercial, industrial and institutional water requirements are based on the Projected Number of
Establishments in 10 years.
Table 33. Classification of Fresh Surface Water
CLASSIFICATION BENEFICIAL USE
Class AA Public Water Supply Class I. This class is intended primarily

for waters having watersheds which are uninhabited and
otherwise protected and which require only approved disinfection
in order to meet the National Standards for Drinking Water
(NSDW) of the Philippines.
Class A Public Water Supply Class II. For sources of water supply that
will require complete treatment (coagulation, sedimentation,
filtration and disinfection) in order to meet the NSDW.
Class B Recreational Water Class. For primary contact recreation such

as bathing, swimming, ski diving, etc. (particularly those
designated for tourism purposes).
Class C 1. Fishery water for the propagation and growth of fish and
other aquatic resources.
2. Recreational Water Class II (boating, etc.)
3. Industrial Water Class I (for manufacturing processes after
treatment.)
Class D 1. For agriculture, irrigation, livestock watering, etc.
2. Industrial Water Supply Class II (e.g. cooling, etc.)
3. Other inland waters, by their quality, belong to this
classification
Source: DENR AO No. 34 otherwise known as “Revised Water Usage and Classification/ Water Quality Criteria”
amending section nos. 68 and 69 Chapter III of the 1978 NPCC Rules and Regulations.

It is therefore suggested that the law forming water districts be

amended to mandate LGUS with the biggest number of consumers in terms of
water connection that is at least 70% of the total consumers to automatically
manage the water district.
With the proposed establishment of new Cancabato Business District,

water supply is one of the critical measures of success its operations. The
prime solution is that the existing water district must be managed by LGU
Tacloban having reached more than the minimum number of water service
connections as required by law to qualify as one.
Table 34. Water Analysis Matrix
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
TECHNICAL FINDINGS, ISSUES, IMPLICATIONS/ EFFECTS/
(LEGISLATION, POLICIES,
CONCERNS IMPACTS
PROGRAMS, PROJECTS)
One connection per residential Poor water services Penalize subdivision
subdivision project owners/developers with political
will
Higher rate of water fees Cause the stoppage of the
operations of subdivision by
owners/developers
Water quality may be put to risk
Poor services from LMWD in North Establish separate water supply

Urban Barangays with water system intended for northern
connections barangays only even without
private partnership involvement.
LGU concern shall provide
alternative water supply system
No potable water distribution line for No potable water supply
Northern Barangays
6.4 Information and Communication Technology
Tacloban City is a host to companies operating as Television, Print and

broadcast medium. Residents have within their grasp, a variety of media
outlets. As the city progresses, mass communications is gradually evolving to
electronic transmission paving the way for digitized information technology.

The various media outlets provide vast services with a regional

coverage. Print media boasts of six (6) broadsheets with region wide
distribution, complementing national dailies of which one (1) broadsheet offers
daily issues, while the rest have weekly publications. The city is reached by
seven (7) radio stations, six (6) broadcast using FM bands, one (1) in AM band.
Only in the periphery of the city limit is within the capacity of the transmission
of the private television network. In the farther north of the city of Tacloban, TV
broadcast is available if a powerful antenna is attached to boost reception.
Moreover, cable television service in urban areas of the city and in

residential subdivisions are provided by Fil-products Cable Corporation and
Leyte Net Cable Incorporated.
Table 35. Communication Service Facilities, 2015
AREA OWNERSHIP HAZARD SUSCEPTIBILITY (H/M/L)

YEAR CONS-
TYPE OCCUPIED BRGY.
TRUCTED
(HA)
PUBLIC PRIVATE FL TC EQ LN TS SU OTHERS
Postal Services
Postal Services Gov’t
1980 0.06 1&4 L M L L H
Phil. Postal Corp. Corp. M
LBC 0.015 12 Outlets √
JRS 20, Gomez √ L L L L L M
23, A. √
Aboitiz Go/Air Cargo L L L L L L
Veteranos
15, J.
DHL √ L L L L L L
Romualdez
Telephone Service
Provider
6-A, Sto. Nino
Bayantel/ Globe 1986 0.02 √ L L L L M M
Ext.
PLDT 2014 0.02 5 √ L L L L M H
Cell Sites Network
26- Sites
Smart 2014 0.02 √ L L L L M L
(Bgy.)
17- Sites
Globe 2014 0.02 √ L L L L L L
(Bgy.)
Sun Cellular 2014 0.01 77-Robinsons √ L L L L L L
Broadcast and
Television Network
(radio, television,
cable)
ABS-CBN 1990 0.02 23-A Veteranos √ L L L L M M
Bombo-Radyo 1988 0.01 35- Real √ L L L L M M
YXY-Radio
1990 0.01 20-Burgos √ L L L L M L
Mindanao Network
Source: NTC, Public/Private Companies
Notes:
• Ownership – Public/Private
• Type of Ownership – Public/Private
Indicate level of susceptibility for all hazards - High (H), Moderate (M), Low (L)

Table 36. Type of Print Media Available, 2015
CIRCULATION
TYPE OF PRINT AREA
LOCATION
MEDIA COVERAGE NUMBER TYPE FREQUENCY
Leyte Samar Daily Brgy. 25, Zamora Region wide 1000 Tabloid Daily
Express
EV Mail Tacloban City Region wide 1000 Tabloid Weekly
Sunday Punch Tacloban City Region wide 1000 Tabloid Weekly
D People Forum Tacloban City Region wide 1000 Tabloid Weekly
Brgy.49 Leyte Region wide 1000 Tabloid Weekly
Tacloban Star Sports Center
EV Bulletin Tacloban City Region wide 1000 Tabloid Weekly
Source: National Telecommunications Commission/ Local Companies
Table 37. Cell Site Network, 2015
AREA CATCHMENT
ANTENNA DATE
LOCATION OCCUPIED RADIUS OWNER
HEIGHT INSTALLED
(HA) (KM)
Smart Communications
Aquino Avenue 0.01 48.00 FEB. 2014
Inc.
Brgy. 77 Banezville, Smart Communications
0.01 48.00 Feb. 2005
Fatima Village Inc.
Brgy. 99 Diit 0.01 48.00 Feb. 2005
Inc.
Brgy. Nulatula 0.01 48.00
Inc.
Burgos cor. MH del Pilar 0.01 48.00 2001
Inc.
Fatima Village 0.01 48.00 2001
Inc.
V&G Subd. 0.01 48.00
Inc.
San Jose, Brgy. Poblacion 0.01 48.00
Inc.
MH Del Pilar Street 0.01 48.00
Inc.
Jones Street 0.01 48.00
Inc.
Mt. Naga Naga, Brgy. Nula Smart Communications
0.01 48.00 2007
Tula Inc.
Veteranos Ave. 0.01 48.00 2012
Inc.
Tacloban4-Manlurip 0.01 48.00 2012
Inc.
Rovic Bldg., Zamora St. 0.004 24.00 2014
Inc.
Gaisano Mall 0.003 48.00
Inc.
Leyte Park Hotel 0.01 48.00 2012
Inc.

AREA CATCHMENT
ANTENNA DATE
LOCATION OCCUPIED RADIUS OWNER
HEIGHT INSTALLED
(HA) (KM)
UPV Campus 0.01 48.00 2012
Inc.
PNP Provl HQ, Tacloban Smart Communications
0.008 48.00
Airport Inc.
Jones St cor MH del Pilar Smart Communications
0.094 48.00
St., Brgy. 2 Inc.
Brgy. 109-A, Poblacion 0.005 48.00
Inc.
Brgy. 59 0.005 48.00 2012
Inc.
Marasbaras 0.005 48.00
Inc.
Romualdez Bldg. Smart Communications
0.01 24.00 2014
Veteranos Ave. Inc.
Brgy. 96 (Calanipawan) 0.005 48.00
Inc.
Calvary Hills 0.01 48.00 Globe Telecom Inc.
Brgy. 58 Old Road
0.01 48.00 Globe Telecom Inc.
Sagkahan
Brgy. 83, San Jose 0.01 48.00 Globe Telecom Inc.
Brgy. 110 Apitong 0.01 48.00 Globe Telecom Inc.
Brgy.77, Fatima Village 0.01 48.00 Globe Telecom Inc.
GaisanoTacloban - Main 0.01 48.00 Globe Telecom Inc.

Globe Tacloban Business
Center
J. Romualdez St.,Gaisano
Bldg.
Dynasty Bldg., Zamora St. 0.01 48.00 Globe Telecom Inc.
Brgy. San Isidro 0.01 48.00 Globe Telecom Inc.
Leyte Park Hotel 0.01 48.00 Globe Telecom Inc.
Brgy. 81, Marasbaras 0.01 48.00 Globe Telecom Inc.
Brgy. 3 & 3A, Nula-Tula 0.01 48.00 Globe Telecom Inc.
Brgy. 97, Cabalawan 0.01 48.00 Globe Telecom Inc.
Brgy. 86, Tigbao 0.01 48.00 Globe Telecom Inc.
Brgy. 95-A, Caibaan 0.01 48.00 Globe Telecom Inc.
Brgy 55&55A, El Reposo 0.01 48.00 Globe Telecom Inc.

Notes:
• Catchment Radius – refers to the service radius covered by the cell site network.
• Owner – refers to the company owner of the cell site network

Table 38. Information and Communication Technology Analysis Matrix
TECHNICAL FINDINGS RECOMMENDED

IMPLICATIONS / EFFECTS
/ OBSERVATIONS INTERVENTIONS
Lack of social Low economic investment Advocacy for social acceptability of
acceptability of cell sites telecommunication facilities.
due to assumed
health/security reasons
No telephone services Residents deprived of fast modem & efficient Representation/coordination with
available and lack of telecommunication services ICT companies to extend services
internet access in the in the area.
northern portion of the Establish public-private
city partnerships in the implementation
of ICT projects.
Inadequate ICT “Constricting ICT potential to bridge the Invest in ICT (both hardware and
investment in city offices knowledge gap” in terms and boundless soft) and make available cost-
and various barangays opportunities available to Taclobanons and as efficient and citizen-centric ICT
of Tacloban instruments of good governance and global infrastructure, systems and
competitiveness. resources
Lack of ICT literacy Disempower individuals in all walks of life to seek Provide opportunities for digital
among many evaluate, use and create information effectively literacy down to the barangay level
Taclobanons in order to achieve their personal, social, through formal and informal IT
occupational and educational goal. education classes
Weak network signal Limit chances to avail of current updates in the Encourage ICT companies to
digital world that may affect financial, social and ensure an efficient and reliable
other aspects of life. network signal.

Map 21. Communications Network Map

6.5 Social Service Facilities / Utilities / Amenities
6.5.1 Day Care
For children aged 3-4 years old, the early childhood care and
development is provided through the daycare service program. Tacloban City
has an existing 58 Day Care Centers located at the different barangays with an
average area of 48-50 sq. meter per day care center. The average number of
day care children in a day is 30. If there are more than 30 children in the
barangay, the classes can be divided into two sessions, one in the morning and
one in the afternoon. (See Table 39 for the Location of Daycare Centers
subsequently damaged by Typhoon Yolanda). Presently, these day care
centers were reconstructed, retrofitted, and made more resilient after being
damaged by Yolanda. Day Care Centers are now built on safer areas. For the
Tacloban North, 31. Day Care Centers will be needed within three years as
more families will soon be relocated.
Table 39. Location of Day Care Centers, Tacloban City, 2015
NAME OF DAY CARE HAZARD SUSCEPTIBILITY (H/M/L)

NO. ADDRESS/LOCATION
CENTER (DCC)
FL TY EQ LN TS SU OTHERS
1. Barangay 66-A DCC Brgy. 66-A Paseo de Lagazpi H
2. Barangay 68 DCC Barangay 68 Anibong Central
H
School
3. Barangay 69 DCC Barangay 69 Anibong DCC H
4. Barangay 71 DCC Barangay 71 Naga-Naga M
5. Barangay 73 DCC Barangay 73 PHHC DCC/Brgy.
Hall
6. Barangay 74 DCC Barangay 74 Lower Nula-Tula
7. Barangay 3 DCC Barangay 3 Upper Nula-Tula
8. Barangay 2 DCC Barangay 2 Jones DCC H
9. Barangay 25 DCC Barangay 25 Paterno/SP
M
Compound
10. Barangay 83 DCC Barangay 83 Paraiso H
11. Barangay 83-A DCC Barangay 83-A Burayan DCC H
12. Barangay 83-B DCC Barangay 83-B Cogon/Lolita H
13. Barangay 83-C DCC Barangay 83-C Taguictik H
14. Barangay 84 DCC Barangay 84 San Jose/RJD
H
Subd.
15. Barangay 85 DCC Barangay 85 San Jose Proper H
16. Barangay 87 DCC Barangay 87 San Jose back of
H
Brgy. Hall
17. Barangay 88 DCC Barangay 88 Fisherman’s Village H
18. Barangay 89 DCC Barangay 89 San Jose Brgy. Hall H

NAME OF DAY CARE HAZARD SUSCEPTIBILITY (H/M/L)

NO. ADDRESS/LOCATION
CENTER (DCC)
FL TY EQ LN TS SU OTHERS
19. Barangay 79 DCC Barangay 79 Marasbaras Elem.
M
School
20. Barangay 59 DCC Barangay 59 Picas M
21. Barangay 60-A DCC Barangay 60-A Old Road H
22. Barangay 62-A DCC Barangay 62-A Sagkahan H
23. Barangay 62-B DCC Barangay 62-B Molave H
24. Barangay 63 DCC Barangay 63 Mangga Sagkahan H
25. Barangay 64 DCC Barangay 64 Bliss Sagkahan H
26. Barangay 75 DCC Barangay 75 Fatima H
27. Barangay 43-A DCC Barangay 43-A Quarry District M
28. Barangay 44 DCC Barangay 44 Quarry M
29. Barangay 50-A DCC Barangay 50-A Youngfield H
30. Barangay 56 DCC Barangay 56 Pericohon H
31. Barangay 48-B DCC Barangay 48-B Magallanes H
32. Barangay 77 DCC Barangay 77 Fatima H H
33. Barangay 91 DCC Barangay 91 Abucay Elem.
School
34. Barangay 92 DCC Barangay 92 Apitong Elem.
H
School
35. Barangay 95 DCC Barangay 95 Caibaan Elem.
M
School
36. Barangay 95-A DCC Barangay 95-A Caibaan M
37. Barangay 96 DCC Barangay 96 Calanipawan Lolita
Village
38. Barangay 110 DCC Barangay 110 Utap M
39. Barangay 42-A DCC Barangay 42-A Cong. Mate
H
Avenue
40. Barangay 39 DCC Barangay 39 Calvary Hill (Siren) H
41. Barangay 36 DCC Barangay 36 Sabang H
42. Barangay 37 DCC Barangay 37 Reclamation Area
H
(Seawall)
43. Barangay 94 DCC Barangay 94 Tigbao H
44. Barangay 94-A DCC Barangay 94-A Basper
45. Barangay 12 DCC Barangay 12 Palanog
Resettlement
46. Barangay 93 DCC Barangay 93 Bagacay
47. Barangay 99 DCC Barangay 99 Diit
48. Barangay 97 DCC Barangay 97 Cabalawan
49. Barangay 100 DCC Barangay 100 San Roque M
50. Barangay 100 DCC Barangay 100 Scandinavian
M
Village
51. Barangay 103 DCC Barangay 103 Core Shelter M M
52. Barangay 103 DCC Barangay 103 Palanog Proper M
53. Barangay 104 DCC Barangay 104 Salvacion M
54. Barangay 105 DCC Barangay 105 San Isidro M
55. Barangay 106 DCC Barangay 106 Sto. Nino M
56. Barangay 107 Barangay 107 Sta. Elena M
57. Barangay 108 DCC Barangay 108 Tagpuro
58. Barangay 108 DCC Barangay 108 Tagpuro
Transitional Shelter

Map 22. Location of Day Care Centers

6.5.2 Protective Services
Table 40 presents the different facilities of Tacloban City Police Office

(TCPO), Bureau of Fire and Protection (BFP) and Bureau of Jail Management
and Penology (BJMP) of Tacloban City. The Tacloban City Police has 1 main
police headquarters, and 2 Police Stations located in Brgy. 91 Abucay and Brgy
84 San Jose, respectively. There are 5 Police Community Precincts located
strategically in the different parts of Tacloban. For fire protection services, the
Tacloban Central Fire Station is being complemented by 3 Fire Sub Stations.
All of these facilities are retrofitted and rehabilitated to make them resilient to
various hazards.
Table 40. Protective Services by Facility and Equipment, Tacloban City, 2015
PHYSICAL PERSONNEL HAZARD SUSCEPTIBILITY (H/M/L)

TYPE OF AREA NO. OF
CONDITION TO
SERVICES BRGY (SQ. M.) PERSONNEL
OF FACILITY POPULATION NO. TYPES Fl Ty Eq Ln Ts Su Others
Police
Brgy. 1 Patrol Car,
Headquarters 106 3 L H M
25 2 Motorcycle
Police 1 Car, 5
59 6 L H M
Station. 1 Motorcycle
Police Station. 1 Car, 5
53 6 L H M
2 Motorcycle
Mobile Patrol 2 Patrol Car,
Unit 43 8 6 Motorcycle L H M
City Public
Safety 1 Patrol Car,
54 10
Company 9 Bicycles
All
Outpost M H M
Brgys.
Fire
Protection
Brgy.
Headquarters
25
Brgy.
3
109-A
Brgy.
86 San 3 H
Jose
Brgy.
3 H
88
Jail
Management
Brgy.
City
25
Others NONE

6.5.3 Education
The enrollment for every elementary and secondary public school is

presented in Table 41. For the elementary level, San Jose Elementary School
has the highest enrolment for the school years 2014-2015 & 2015-2016. For
the secondary level, the Leyte National High School has the highest number of
enrollees for two school years. Generally, the enrolment increased in school
year 2015-2016 by 2.3%.
Table 41. Public Elementary and High Schools Facilities, Tacloban City, 2015
FACILITIES AND CONDITION USED AS HAZARD SUSCEPTIBILITY (HML)

AREA EVACUATION
SCHOOL BRGY. CENTER
(HAS.)
(Y/N)
LABO- COMFORT PLAY-
SHOP LIBRARY CIINIC OTHERS FL TY EQ LN SU OTHERS
RATORY ROOM GROUND
District
Learning I
1. Rizal Central Brgy.

School 25 0.393 g g g g g Y M H
2. Remedios T. Brgy.
Romualdez 6
Elem. School 1.2 g g g g g Y L M
3. Lorenzo Daa Brgy. 103-A

Memorial School Paglaum 1 g g g g g Y M M
4. Salvacion Brgy. 104

Elementary Salvacion 4.591 g g g g g Y M M
School
5. Caibaan Brgy.
Elementray 95 Caibaan 0.6714 g g g g g Y M L L
School
6. Bliss Brgy.
Elementray 74 0.3084 g g g g g Y L L L
School Bliss
7. Tagpuro Brgy. 108,

Elementary Tagpuro 1 g g g g g Y M L
School
District
Learning II
8. San Fernando Brgy.

Central School 53 2.0233 g g g g g Y H H
9. Bañez Brgy.
Memorial Elem. 75 1 g g g g g Y M M
School
10. Palanog Brgy.

Ressetlement 12 Palanog 3 g g g g g Y M
School


AREA EVACUATION
SCHOOL BRGY. CENTER
(HAS.)
(Y/N)
LABO- COMFORT PLAY-
RATORY ROOM GROUND
11. San Roque Brgy. 100

Elementary Sn Roque 1 g g g g g Y M
School
12. Bayanihan Brgy. 73

Elemtary School PHHC 0.4 g g g g g Y
13. Judge Brgy.

Antonio R. 91 Abucay
0.5 g g g g g Y H M
Montilla Sr.
Elem. School
14. Utap Elem. Brgy. 110
School Utap 0.1226 g g g g g Y H M
15. Kapangian Brgy.

Central School 23 0.2975 g g g g g Y L M
16. Sto. Niño Brgy. 6

Speed Center T.Claudio 1 g g g g g Y M H M
17. Sta. Elena Brgy. 107

Elem. School. Sta. Elena 1.320 g g g g g Y M
18. Cabalawan Brgy. 97

Elem. School Cabalwan 0.9244 g g g g g N M L
19. Basper Brgy.

Elementary 94-A 0.9915 Y M
School Basper
20. Palanog Brgy. 103

Elem. School Palanog 0.4816 Y M
21. B. Bulante Brgy. 105,

Elementary Sn Isidro 0.7688 Y M
School
District
Learning
Center IV
22. Panalaron Brgy. 8-A

Central School Del Pilar St. 1.2777 g g g g g Y L M
23. Sagkahan Brgy.

Elem. School 62-B 1.4857 g g g g g Y M
Sagkahan
24.Tigbao-Diit Brgy. 99 Diit

Elem. School 1.035 g g g g g Y H H
25. Bagacay Brgy. 93

Elem. School Bagacay 0.8259 g g g g g Y H
26.Mercy Ville Brgy. 99

Elem. School Mercyville Y M
District
Learning
Center V
27. Sn Jose Brgy. 87

Central School Sn Jose Y H H


AREA EVACUATION
SCHOOL BRGY. CENTER
(HAS.)
(Y/N)
LABO- COMFORT PLAY-
RATORY ROOM GROUND
28. Marasbaras Brgy. 79

Elem. School Marasbaras 0.5031 g g g g g Y H L
29. Don Vicente Brgy.

Quintero Memo. 92 Apitong 0.5 Y H L
Elem. School
30. Nula-tula Brgy. 3

Elem. School Nula-tula 0.3481 g g g g g Y H
31. Camansihay Brgy.98

Elem. School Camansihay 1 g g g g g Y H
32. Sto Niño Brgy. 106

Primary School Sto. Niño 0.05 g g g g g Y H
33. Fisherman's Brgy.

Village Elem. 88 San Jose 0.5591 g g g g g Y H H
School
34. Manlurip Brgy. 84

Elem. School Manlurip 0.5408 g g g g g Y H H
District
Learning
Center VI g g g g g
35. City Central Brgy.

0.6943 g g g g g Y H
School 44
36. Anibong Brgy. 69
Elem. School Anibong 5.0319 Y H H
37. V&G Brgy. 109

Memorial Elem. V&G 0.5 g g g g g Y M H
School
38. Lucio Vivero Brgy. 101

Elem. School New
Kawayan 1 g g g g g Y H
39. Old Brgy. 102

Kawayan Old
Primary School Kawayan
2.2524 g g g g g Y H H
40. Scandinivian Brgy. 100

Elem. School Sn Roque 0.3297 g g g g g Y H
Total Area
Public Elem. 45.7875
g g g g g Y
School has.
Secondary
School (Public)
1. Leyte National Brgy. 49

High School Aquino
Avenue 8.049 g g g g g Y H
2. Marasbaras Brgy. 81
National High Marasbaras
School 0.8316 g g g g g Y H H H


AREA EVACUATION
SCHOOL BRGY. CENTER
(HAS.)
(Y/N)
LABO- COMFORT PLAY-
RATORY ROOM GROUND
3. Cirilo Roy Brgy. 6 T.

Montero Claudio St.
National High 0.8222 g g g g g Y H M
School
4. Sagkahan Brgy
National High 64 Sagkahan
School
1.5 g g g g g Y H H L
5. San Jose Brgy.

National High 87 Sn. Jose
School
0.9923 H H
6. Tacloban City Brgy

National High 93 Bagacay
School
2.4986 g g g g g Y H H
7. Tacloban City Brgy. 49

Night High Aquino Ave.
School Compd.
g g g g g Y
Leyte NHS
8. San Jose Manlurip San

Night Hgh Jose Compd.
School San Jose g g g g g Y
NH
9. Tacloban Brgy
National Agri 94-A
School Basper
14 g g g g g Y H
10. Cirilo Roy Brgy. 6 T.

Montejo Night. Claudio St.
High School
Compd.
Cirilo Roy g g g g g Y
Montejo
11. Northern Brgy.

Tacloban City 106/101 Sto. 153.04 g g g g g Y H
Natl High School Niño
12. Anibong Brgy.

Night High 68
School H H
13. Antonio Brgy. 103 -A

Balmes Nat'l Sn Paglaum Y H
High school
14.ScandinavianBrgy. 100 Sn
Natl High School Roque Y H
Total Has.,
Public
43.7 has.
Secondary
Schools
Source: Division of Tacloban City, DepEd

Map 23. Location of Public Elementary Schools

Map 24. Location of Public Secondary Schools

6.5.4 Social Welfare Facilities
Table 42 presents the different social welfare facilities in the city both
government & private. The clientele served are the disadvantaged
persons/families, and the vulnerable sector which needs more protection
(PWD, Senior Citizens, children & women). These facilities provide different
services such as financial assistance, referrals, shelter assistance, counseling,
trainings, and livelihood opportunities, among others.
The Women Center and Day Center for Street Children provides
temporary residential care and protection to the abandoned, orphaned, abused,
exploited and neglected children, youth and women.
Table 42. Social Welfare Facilities, Tacloban City, 2015
TYPE OF AREA PHYSICAL TYPE OF NO. OF

BRGY. SERVICES OFFERED
FACILITY COVERED CONDITION CLIENTELE PERSONNEL
58 Day Care Early Childhood Care and Children 3-4

1. Good
Centers Development years old 56
Disadvantaged
families,
2. Brgy. 25 individuals,
Good
Magsaysay CSWDO communities,
(Temporary)
Blvd. PWDs, Senior
103
Citizens &
children
Educational, Medical,
DSWD Burial, Transpo., Disadvantaged
3. Magsaysay
Regional Good Livelihood, Food and Families &
Blvd.
Office 08 Financial Assistance for individuals
victims of calamities.
Women’s in
Home life services, rescue difficult
operation, facilitates circumstances
issuance of BPO, TPO, and their
4. Brgy. Women’s
25 Good PPO, attendance to court children, 13
Paterno Ext. Shelter
hearings on VAWC, children & youth
trafficked victims & victims of abuse
abused children & youth. and trafficked
person.
Home life services,
Social Dev’t. educational assistance,
5. Brgy. 108 1000 sq.
Center for Good saturation drive, rescue 9
Tagpuro meters
Children operation, psychosocial
support services.

TYPE OF AREA PHYSICAL TYPE OF NO. OF

BRGY. SERVICES OFFERED
FACILITY COVERED CONDITION CLIENTELE PERSONNEL
Abandoned,
SOS Residential care/ home orphaned,
6. Brgy. 99 Diit Children’s Good life services, educational neglected
Village assistance children and
youth
Mendicants,
Missionaries Residential care/ home neglected, sickly
7. Brgy. 62-B
of Charity life services older persons &
children
Psychosocial support
Streetlight Drug & alcohol
8. Good services, mental health
Philippines dependents
care services
Psychosocial support Drug and
Psychosocial
9. Brgy. 74 Good services, mental health alcohol
Center
care services. dependents
Farm Psychosocial support Drug and
10. Brgy. 64
Rehabilitation Good services/ mental health alcohol
Bliss
Center care dependents
Women in
Advocacy on social difficult
11. Brgy. 106 Women’s
Good protection issues for circumstances &
Sto. Niño Friendly Space
women other needy
women.
Women in
Advocacy on social difficult
Women Good
12. Brgy. 101 protection issues for circumstances &
Friendly Space (temporary)
women other needy
women
Information & Out of school
13. CSWDO
Communica- Computer literacy/ values youths, PWDs
Balyuan Good
tion Techno- formation and other needy
Park
logy Center adults.

Map 25. Location of Social Welfare Facilities

6.5.5 Housing Facilities
Presented below in Table 43 are the housing facilities for the last 3
censal years. Majority of households are served with essential facilities and
utilities such as water, electricity and garbage collection system. However there
is a lot to be desired in terms of efficiency and quality of service with these
mentioned facilities and utilities. Almost all households in the city are not
satisfied with the water system due to its insufficient flow of water. Likewise, the
increasing electric bill is a cause for much complaint from electric consumers.
In terms of garbage collection, households are encouraged to practice waste
segregation. Collection of garbage is sometimes inefficient because the
schedule is not followed.
Table 43. Housing Facilities and Utilities Situation for the Past Three Censal
Years (2007, 2010, 2014), Tacloban City
CENSAL 2010 CENSAL 2014
UTILITIES NO. OF
HOUSING NO. % NO.
HOUSING % SERVED
UNITS SERVED SERVED SERVED
UNITS
Electricity 44,758 42,002 94% HH=50890 42,861 84%
Water-
Sealed 44,578 43,686 98% 50,890 44,050 87%
Toilets
Garbage
Collection 44,578 22,537 50.50% 50,890 22,867 44%
System
Water Supply 44,578 41,840 93% 50,890 44,870 88%
6.5.6 Health Facilities
Table 44 shows that various health facilities and manpower resources

could be easily availed of in the city. Tacloban has six operating hospitals. Two
are government owned hospitals namely: Eastern Visayas Regional Medical
Center (EVRMC) which is under the Department of Health RO8, and Tacloban
City Hospital under the City Government of Tacloban. Four other hospitals are
privately owned such as Divine Word Hospital, Remedios Trinidad Romualdez

(RTR) Hospital, Mother of Mercy Hospital and Tacloban Doctors Medical

Hospital. In line with the hospital capabilities, EVRMC and Divine Word Hospital
are providing the highest level curative care (Tertiary Care/Level III) while
others provide secondary level/ Level II of care.
The city provides, with efficiency, all the priority government health
services in its 6 District Health Centers and 24 primary health care facilities.
These 6 District Health Centers are all PhilHealth-accredited with PCB, MCP
and TB-DOTS facilities and 1 special health unit (MASA) accredited with PCB.
Tacloban City Hospital is a 25-bed capacity hospital providing general adult and
pediatric medical, obstetrics-gynecology and surgical care. It is a CEmONC
center and is PhilHealth-accredited. It still lacks equipment for more complex
clinical care.
There are 2 newly-built Health Centers donated by INGO’s which the

City is planning to establish as District Health Centers (Abucay District Health
Center and Sto. Niño (GMA) District Health Center).
Following the DOH-prescribed population to health personnel ratios, the

City does not conform to the standards currently. As shown in the table in the
next page, it is evident enough that the city really needs additional manpower
resources. The City are in dire need of doctors, nurses, midwives, medical
technologists and other allied health workers that will cater to the primary health
care needs of the constituents with quality and efficiency. Despite this, the DOH
provides health manpower support through their Deployment Program (NDP’,
RHMPP’s, PHA, DDP, MDP) to complement the insufficiency.
The voluntary sector such as Barangay Health Worker’s (BHW),

Barangay Nutrition Scholars (BNS) and Barangay Service Point Officers
(BSPO’s) also provide support at the health center and community levels. They
are our active partners in the delivery of basic health care services on the field.
All these health facilities (hospitals, district health centers and barangay
health stations) are susceptible to typhoon (Low, Medium, High). Flood prone
BHS is Apitong BHS while other BHS such as Magallanes BHS, Bliss Sagkahan

BHS, Ilong BHS, Fatima BHS, Seawall BHS, Cabalawan BHS, Burayan BHS
and Fisherman”s BHS are storm surge susceptible.
Table 44. Medical Health Facilities and Personnel, Tacloban City, 2015
PERSONNEL (NO.) HAZARD SUSCEPTIBILITY (HML)

PHYSI-
CAPACITY
TYPE OF HEALTH CAL
BRGY. OWNERSHIP (NO. OF
SERVICES CONDI-
BEDS) ADMIN &
TO- TION
D N M ALLIED SI OTHERS FI TY LN TS SU OTHERS
TAL
MEDICAL
Hospital
Brgy. 1&4 1. EVRMC Public 450 111 150 12 209 225 707 O L L L L
Brgy. 82 2. City Hospital Public 25 9 23 1 33 O L M L
Total Personnel Public Hospital 120 173 13 209 225 740

3. Divine Word O
Private 140 197 19 356 M
Hospital
Private O
Brgy. 96 4. RTR Hospital 165 69 13 247 M
5. Mother of Mercy Private O
148 78 4 45 275 L
Hospital
6. Tacloban Doctors Private O
Brgy. 91 77 55 109 241 L
Medical Hospital
Private O
7. Caremed
Brgy. 8 7 3 3 3 3 19 M M
Maternity Hospital
Total Personnel Private Hospital 537 402 39 112 48 1138
District Health
Center
Public O
Brgy. 109-A 1. V&G* 1 1 2
Public O
Brgy. 86 2.San Jose* 1 1 1 3 M M L H
Public O
Brgy. 99 3.Sagkahan 1 1 1 3 M H
Public O
Brgy. 105 4. Diit M H
Public O
Brgy. 37 5. Suhi* 1 1 1 3 M M
Public O
Brgy. 25 6.MASA 1 1 1 3 L M
7. Main Health Public O
Brgy. 25 M L
Center
Brgy. Health
Stations
Public O
Brgy. 37 1.Masa H H
Public O H
Brgy. 88 2. San Jose H
Public O H
Brgy. 64 3.Seawall 1 1 H
Public O H
Brgy. 94 4. Tigbao 1 1 2 H
Public O H
Brgy. 97 5. Cabalawan 1 1 H
Public O H
Brgy. 78 6. Marasbaras 1 1 H
Public O H H
Brgy. 68 7. Anibong 1 1 2
Public O H H
Brgy. 44 8. Quarry 1 1 2
Public O H H
Brgy. 76 9. Fatima 1 1
Public O H H
Brgy. 92 10. Aptiong 1 1
Public O H H
Brgy. 101 11. New kawayan

PERSONNEL (NO.) HAZARD SUSCEPTIBILITY (HML)

PHYSI-
CAPACITY
TYPE OF HEALTH CAL
BRGY. OWNERSHIP (NO. OF
SERVICES CONDI-
BEDS) ADMIN &
TO- TION
D N M ALLIED SI OTHERS FI TY LN TS SU OTHERS
TAL
MEDICAL
Public O H H
Brgy. 71 12. Nula-tula 1 1
Public O H H
Brgy. 83-B 13. Ssan Jose
Public O H H
Brgy. 62 -A 14. Sagkahan 1 1
Public O H H
Brgy. 51 15. Magallanes 1 1
Public O H
Brgy. 98 16. Camansihay
Public O H
Brgy. 100 17. San Roque
Source: City Health Office

Map 26. Location of Government Health Centers and Health Stations

CHAPTER 7 WASTE MANAGEMENT
It is projected that by 2025, Tacloban City will generate 202.97 tons per
day. It is a challenge for Tacloban City as a Highly Urbanized City to have an
effective and efficient disposal system in compliance with RA 9003 and
rationalize the integration of its solid waste management in its development
agenda
To address the increasing garbage generation in Tacloban, the City

Council enacted Ordinance No. 2004-9-09, otherwise known as the Tacloban
City Solid Waste Management Board Ordinance. The board was created to
develop and implement a solid waste management program consistent with the
Environmental Protection Programs of the City. The Chief Executive sits as
the Chairman of the Board while the City ENRO Officer is the Vice-Chairman.
A representative from the City Council also sits as member of the board.
7.1 Institutional Arrangements
The following are the general functions and programs of City

Government Offices undertaking the task of addressing related solid waste
management issues of the city in the same time that the Environmental Code
of Tacloban City has mandated the City Government to implement the following
functions with the Chief Executive as the Head for operations.
➢ To promote the practice of waste segregation and waste minimization at

source.
➢ To assist barangay councils in the preparation of a multiyear SWM
program, including information, education and communication materials;
➢ To facilitate establishment of supportive linkages between barangay and
other government and private sector organizations;
➢ To assist barangays that may decide to group themselves, consolidate
or coordinate their efforts, services and resources for the purpose of
establishing a common SWM system or facilities;

➢ In coordination with the City Waste Management Board, City ENRO, City
GSO, City CEO, DENR, NGO’s, and the Liga ng mga Barangay,
facilitate the establishment of a model barangay unit that demonstrates
an effective and efficient SWM system,;
➢ To train city personnel to provide technical assistance services,
particularly in SWM and EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) to the
City Government; and
➢ To install an operational monitoring system to ensure sustainability of
SWM Program.
LGU Barangays
The role of the different barangays as mandated by the Local

Government Code is crucial in the implementation of the solid waste
management plan. The barangays, as articulated in RA 9003 are the key
stakeholders for the successful implementation of segregation and waste
reduction programs for the city. The creation of the Barangay Solid Waste
Management Committees will streamline and facilitate the different
implementation strategies in solid waste management of Tacloban City.
Other Offices
The following offices will support the initiatives through judicial, logistical,
technical and other related assistance deemed necessary in implementing
solid waste management initiatives:
City General Services, Sangguniang Panlungsod, City Engineers’

Office, City Planning and Development Office, City Assessor’s Office, City
Health Office, City Veterinary Office, City Division Office and the City Interior
and Local Government.
7.2 Solid Waste
Tacloban City’s waste management is strictly enforced by the City

Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO). Measures on proper

waste disposal and management at the Barangay level and business sector
are strictly implemented other than the regular information dissemination on
proper waste management through the media and other forms of information
materials and venue. On the other hand, industrial waste is treated differently
as it entails specific handling and disposal.
Table 45. Key Characteristics of Generated Solid Waste, Tacloban City, 2011
PER CAPITA GENERATION 0.38 kg/day
AVERAGE DAILY GENERATION 180 tons/day
AVERAGE BULK DENSITY 619.84 kg/cu meter

Source: City ENRO, Tacloban City
7.2.1 Contributors to Garbage Volume
The characterization study revealed categories of waste and its

respective volume generated. The following tables and figures show insights
of the study. These data are useful in estimating potential waste that can be
diverted from the waste stream flow. It can be perceived from the data that a
large percentage of generated wastes are biodegradable which can be
potentially diverted from the main waste stream thus saving landfill space.
Table 46. Household Waste Characteristics, Tacloban City, 2015
WASTE COMPONENT, AVERAGE WT. (KG/

PERCENTAGE (%)
HOUSEHOLD CAPITA/ DAY)
Yard waste & leftover 0.2290 60.20
Recyclables 0.0594 15.60
Residuals 0.0915 24.0
Special waste 0.0008 0.20
Total 0.3807 100

Source: City ENRO, Tacloban City

7.2.2 Generated Waste
The rapid urbanization of Tacloban City allows SW managers to identify

level of pressures on solid waste generation, collection and disposal. It
provides a good estimate on how the volume of waste can change over time,
a good indicator for appropriate response mechanism of the City Government.
Commercial and industrial waste generation and collection are based on
General Services Office record. An increase of 3% is assumed including waste
derived from street sweeping, debris collection and others. The initial data
from waste characterization conducted by City ENRO show per capita waste
generation of 0.4 kg/ca/day. However, 0.5 is used as a safe figure for future
projection. Estimated collection rate is around 70%. The remaining 30% is
uncollected, recycled or composted at household level. Table 47 shows the
projected solid waste generation of Tacloban City until the year 2025.
Table 47. Projected Solid Waste Generation, Tacloban City, 2016-2025
OTHER
COMMERCIAL,
DOMESTIC STREET SOURCE- TOTAL WASTE
INDUSTRIAL,
YEAR POPULATION WASTE IN SWEEPING PRIVATE WASTE IN COLLECTED
INSTITUTIONAL
TONS IN TONS & LGUS TONS IN TONS
IN TONS
(IN TONS)
2014 239,938 91.18 80.07 10.25 6.40 187.90 173.00

2015 245,049 93.12 81.78 10.47 6.54 191.90 176.68
2016 250,268 95.10 83.52 10.69 6.68 195.99 180.45
2017 255,599 97.13 85.30 10.92 6.82 200.16 184.29
2018 261,043 99.20 87.11 11.15 6.96 204.42 188.22
2019 266,603 101.31 88.97 11.39 7.11 208.78 192.23
2020 272,282 103.47 90.86 11.63 7.26 213.23 196.32
2021 278,082 105.67 92.80 11.88 7.42 217.77 200.50
2022 284,005 107.92 94.78 12.13 7.58 222.41 204.77
2023 290,054 110.22 96.79 12.39 7.74 227.14 209.13
2024 296,232 112.57 98.86 12.65 7.90 231.98 213.59
2025 302,542 114.97 100.96 12.92 8.07 236.92 218.14
Source: City ENRO, CPDO

7.2.3 Disposed Waste
A study conducted by City ENR Office of Tacloban on solid waste

characterization for household sector in 2005 revealed that the average daily
waste generation per person is at 0.38 kilogram. The average total daily waste
generation is approximately 180 tons/day (this includes domestic, commercial
& Institutional, Street sweeping and other waste.) as described in the following
matrix of per capita generation of waste in the city.
Domestic waste (Residential) is the largest contributor at 48.52% of the

total tonnage followed by Commercial, Institutional, Market waste which is
42.61%, street garbage at 5.46% and lastly garbage from other sources at
3.41%. The trend on percentage waste contribution to the total waste stream
was reported by the City General Services Department in 2015. See Table 48.
Table 48. Percentage Distribution of Garbage, Tacloban City
WASTE TYPE TONS PERCENTAGE
Domestic 91.18 48.52
Commercial 80.07 42.61
Street Garbage 10.25 5.46
Other source 6.40 3.41
Total 187.90 100.00

Source: City ENRO

Graph 3. Percentage Distribution of Garbage
7.2.4 Source Reduction
At present, observations and monitoring conducted by the City ENRO

and the City General Services of Tacloban revealed that the residents, including
business establishments in the city, do not practice segregation of their wastes.
However, some residents have their own means of reducing waste by
recovering mostly metal and plastic products. These are sold to junkyards and
become another source of income. Food and other biodegradable leftovers are
usually fed to the pets while other biodegradables are collected by the City
garbage collector.
7.2.5 Diverted Waste
At present, the city has no centralized materials recovery facilities for the
recyclable waste materials. Instead, there are twenty-one (21) registered junk
shop operating to support waste recycling. The significant increase in the
number of junk shop operators is an indicator of potential existence of
recyclables in the area. These operators buy recyclable materials such as
metal, paper products and plastic products. All of these materials are delivered

to Manila or Cebu to undergo the recycling processes. A rapid survey

conducted by City ENRO has estimated that these junkshops can recover
materials of about 150 ton per month or about 5 ton/day on average.
Currently, the city has about 138 barangay-owned Materials Recovery

Facilities (MRF) and Composting Facilities, but it was observed that some of
the said facilities are no longer functional or not operated properly. No data is
available on the volume of waste diverted through the operation of these MRFs.
7.2.6 Collection and Transfer
There are three general contractors of garbage that haul waste from
different barangays to the dumpsite. The City General Services Office is
supervising the operation in the dumpsite. Once garbage is deposited in the
dumpsite, the garbage is being covered by top soil every now and then to
prevent foul odor and to make the decomposition of garbage faster.
Generally, waste are collected and hauled un-segregated.

The frequency of collection varies according to location of generators. For
commercial areas, daily collection of garbage is done, while for residential
areas it ranges from 2 to 3 times a week and in some areas once a week
collection is scheduled.
7.2.7 Market for Recyclables
There are about six big operators who buy recyclable materials such as
metal, paper products and plastic products. All these materials are delivered to
Manila or Cebu for recycling process. It is difficult to quantify how much volume
of these materials comes from the city. However, considering the proximity of
these shops, and based from interview of the operators, the volume may be
used as an indicative figure in providing insights on what Tacloban City is
generating.

7.3 Liquid Waste
Water wastes from residential areas are usually drained to their

respective septic tanks while some have their water wastes connected directly
to canals in the vicinity of their residences. This practice is being done in the
absence of a specific waste water disposal system and a corresponding water
treatment facility.
The City Government of Tacloban is aware of this situation and has in

its boards conceptualized waste water treatment facilities in some of the built-
up areas. A total of 6 waste water treatment facilities are proposed in the
following city proper areas (New Bus Terminal, Old Public Market,
Slaughterhouse, Tacloban Convention Center, City Hall Compound, Tacloban
City Hospital) and 8 additional facilities located north of the city.
1. New Bus Terminal 8M

2. Old Public Market 8M
3. Slaughterhouse 5M
4. Tacloban City Convention Center 5M
5. City Hall Compound 8M
6. Tacloban City Hospital 8M
The discharge of untreated waste water (sewage) into San Juanico Strait
is considered to pose an alarming threat to the population of the northern
barangays' health, the viability of mariculture activities in the strait and the
general economic development of the area.
As a result, a comprehensive set of waste water (sewage) treatment

facilities is to be established in the Tacloban North relocation sites in order to
ensure each socialized housing subdivision and other areas where waste is
being sourced is compliant with the standards set by both the Department of
Health (DOH) and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(DENR).

Waste Water (sewage) from each relocation site is to be treated through an

approved treatment system, such as Septic Tanks coupled with Planted Gravel
Filters, prior to it being discharged into adjacent creeks or rivers flowing into
San Juanico Strait. Such systems would require space allocation of
approximately 2.5 square meters per household.
In addition to this, a centralized sewage system to be developed in the

2017-2019 timeframe is proposed for Tacloban North in order to provide a long
term solution for sewage management in the northern barangays and ensure
that residential, commercial and industrial development taking place outside of
the relocation sites do not pose a threat to San Juanico Strait
7.4 Special Wastes
Special wastes are classified as bulky items, hospital/medical wastes,

toxic and hazardous waste materials and other related waste materials. At
present, the City Government is collecting these types of wastes and disposed
the same at the common controlled dumpsite facility. There is no special
storage area for this purpose.
7.4.1 Toxic and Hazardous Wastes
Classified as special wastes, Tacloban City has no special storage or

disposal system of these types of waste materials. At present, the city’s
controlled dumpsite at Brgy. Sto. Niño has become an open dumpsite and these
specific waste materials are dumped in the usual place together with other
waste products and are similarly handled just like any other waste materials.
A plan to have a Sanitary Landfill in Tacloban City is long overdue and

will address the problem on proper waste disposal. Also, this will make
Tacloban City the first in the region to have this type of waste disposal.

Waste Management at Barangay Level
The different Committees will be mirrored at the Barangay level.

Overtime, responsibilities will be devolved to the Barangay as they acquire
skill and capacity to implement the SWM System.
The waste management can only be as effective as the level of political will
of the local chief executives and the different city government agencies. The
synergy of the city government and the different barangays provides a good
opportunity to change the behavioral pattern of the Taclobanons towards
appropriate solid waste handling. The participation of the Public Market
Administrator is critical because the market is significantly generating
biodegradable waste and is frequently visited by the public.
Successful waste management in the public market may be a milestone

for Tacloban City in addressing solid waste issues. This synergy among
stakeholders is critical to the institutionalization and sustainability of solid
waste management of the city.

The figure below shows the Controlled Dumpsite at Brgy Sto Nino in full
operation. Satellite Photo taken September 2006.
The figure below shows the remaining cell of the Controlled Dumpsite at
Brgy Sto Nino still being used by the city as of May 2016. The 3 cells were full
and covered recently. Satellite Photo taken May 2016.

Status of Dumpsite
The 4-hectare controlled dumpsite in Brgy. Sto. Nino was divided into 4
cells with each cell having an average area of 1 hectare. At present, the 3 cells
are already full and covered. The dumpsite was filled at a fast rate due to the
debris and residuals collected as an effect of typhoon Yolanda in 2013. Only
one cell is operational and the city needs to build a new landfill in a different
location. There are new socialized housing sites nearby and the need to have
a new landfill far from the existing dumpsite is quite urgent to ensure the health
of the relocates.
In anticipation of the event that the existing Dumpsite in Brgy. Sto Nino
will no longer be operational, there is an on-going construction of the Well-
Engineered Sanitary Landfill located in Brgy San Roque with a total area of 5
hectares. The new landfill will be intended as the temporary holding area of the
garbage since another landfill facility in Barangay Palaum containing an area
of 6 hectares is under negotiation that will process the collected waste and
convert into recyclable materials as a zero waste policy. The Well-Engineered
Sanitary Landfill located in Brgy San Roque will only be used until 2025.

Map 27. Location of Proposed Wastewater Treatment Facilities

Septage Treatment and Facility
All domestic septage must be processed and treated in strict

conformance with the DOH Operations Manual on the Rules and Regulations
governing Domestic Sludge and Septage and all other relevant national and
local laws. Septage facilities, including treatment and disposal facilities and
septage truck yards, must maintain a hygienic and safe work environment.
Facilities must be properly designed, installed, and maintained. A vector control
strategy must be included to insure that no disease-causing elements shall
thrive in the treatment facility and a maintenance schedule for clearing excess
vegetation growth.
The septage treatment facilities in Tacloban shall use lime stabilization

methods composed of lime mixing/treatment pit, anaerobic baffled reactor,
facultative pond, and maturation or aerobic ponds. The lime mixing/treatment
pit and the anaerobic baffled reactor shall be made of concrete. Mixing or
treatment of lime shall be fully mechanized. All stabilization ponds shall be lined
with high density polyethylene (HDPE) geo-membrane on top of highly
compacted soil. Jointing of adjacent sections of geo-membrane sections shall
be in accordance with manufacturers’ jointing guidelines. Effluent from the last
aerobic pond shall flow into a constructed wetland to ensure that the quality of
the final effluent shall meet DENR standard for the receiving water
body. Periodically, the solid material that accumulates in the receiving tank and
ponds shall be removed and deposited in sludge drying beds. Dried sludge
shall be recovered as compost material, soil conditioner or landfill material. This
shall comply with the DOH Operations Manual on the Rules and Regulations
governing Domestic Sludge and Septage.
The operations and maintenance plan also includes provisions for

reducing system upset, including immediate actions to prevent the occurrence
of foul smells and release of partially treated effluent from the system.

Objectives of the project

The final stage of Phased Approach to the Total Sanitation (PhaTS)
involves the safe management of solid and liquid wastes and strengthening
water quality monitoring systems, allied with the promotion of water supply
protection. As barangays continue to improve their sanitation and hygiene
practices, it will become important to have a facility to treat the septage.
The objective of the project is to demonstrate and promote cost effective

wastewater management solution, to reduce pollution of nearby water bodies,
remove disease-causing organisms and contaminants in the wastewater and
prevent the spread of water borne diseases. This facility will directly benefit
more than 245,000 people in 138 barangays of Tacloban City.
As the first of its kind in the region, this can be a showcase to other LGUs
presenting the best option of available technology without entailing excessive
cost.
City Ordinance for the operation, including the integration of corresponding fees
in the Real Property Tax, was drafted and is for approval by the City Mayor and
council.
Location and Condition of the area
The Septage Treatment Facility is located in Barangay, Sto. Nino, in the

northern part of Tacloban City. The location, which is owned by the City
Government, is adjacent to the Controlled Dumpsite.

Map 28. Location of Proposed Septage Treatment Facility

CHAPTER 8 ECONOMIC STRUCTURE
Given its natural endowments, agriculture and fisheries remain as the

primary sector of the economy in the wider region despite its high vulnerability
to natural disasters. The overall goal is to strengthen the sector as one of the
sources of jobs and income among the Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)
through higher farming and fishing productivity and the use of natural and
sustainable technologies at the livelihood and enterprise levels that serve the
local, regional and national markets. Disaster resilience elements will be the
key considerations in the technologies to be adopted and in the institutional
arrangements, given the geographical and climatic context of the area.
Considering the vulnerability of the area to disasters, provision of off-

resource livelihood opportunities for farming and fishing families through
training in other skills of interest is important to diversify sources of incomes.
This will target other members of the family and train them on specific skills
demanded by the market in the other economic sectors (e.g. construction,
health and wellness, hotel housekeeping, etc.) to promote disaster-resilient
economic activities and ensure that at least 2 members of the family have
different sources of income.
Table 49. Revenue Derived from Existing Major Agricultural Crops by Area and
Production, 2015
AREA ANNUAL PRODUCTION

MAJOR
CROP
HA. % UTILIZATION VOLUME (M.T.) VALUE (PHP/M)
Rice 496.75 19.20 1,049 17.83
Corn 54.61 2.11 1,410.55 24.88
Vegetables 308.83 11.94 3,744.55 110.98
Fruit Crops 156.21 6.04 552.13 11.04
Coconut 1,420.88 54.93 1,984.25 49.64
Root Crops 149.25 5.77 524.29 20.95
TOTAL 2,586.53 99.99 9,264.77 235.32
Source: City Agriculturist Office/Crops Section, 2016

Table 50. Comparative Agricultural Crop Areas and Production, Tacloban City,
2014-2015
VOLUME OF PRODUCTION (IN METRIC

AREA (HA)
MAJOR TONS)
CROPS % INCREASE/ % INCREASE/
2014 2015 2014 2015
(DECREASE) (DECREASE)
Rice 386.00 496.75 28.69 1,531.00 1,050.56 (31.38)
Corn 43.67 54.61 25.05 1,100.79 1,417.27 28.75
Veggies 175.80 308.83 75.67 2,249.64 2,287.00 1.66
Fruit Crops 37.88 156.21 312.38 14.18 553.00 3,800.00
Coconut 2,654.00 1,420.88 (46.27) 200.00 1,990 895.00
Root Crops 70.00 149.25 113.21 216.00 523.44 142.33
TOTAL 3,367.35 2,586.53 (23.19) 5,311.61 7,821.27 47.25
Source: City Agriculturist Office, 2016
Table 51. Existing Livestock and Poultry Farms, Tacloban City, 2015
PRODUCTION
TYPE AREA (HA.) NO. OF HEADS
VOLUME
VALUE
(KG./YR.)
Poultry 12.6000 69,850 469,071 12,027,960.00
Swine 0.7500 1,527 235,600 47,126,000.00
Carabao 85.7500 355 88,760 24,500,000.00
Cattle 19.2500 77 18,530 5,584,000.00
Goat 37.7000 377 5,655 1,809,760.00
Sheep 1.2000 12 180 57,600.00
Horse 8.7500 35
TOTAL 166.0000 72,233 817,796 91,105,320.00
Source: City Veterinary Office, 2016
Table 52. Revenue Derived from Livestock and Poultry Business, Tacloban
City, 2015
ANIMAL NUMBER OF
NUMBER OF KILOS VALUE (IN PESOS)
COMMODITY HEADS
Carabao 355 88,760 24,500.00
Cattle 77 18,530 5,584,000.00
Swine 1,527 235,600 47,126,000.00
Dressed Chicken 69,850 469,071 12,027,960.00
Goat 377 5,655 1,809,760.00
Sheep 12 180 57,600.00
TOTAL 72,198 817,796 P66,629,820.00
Source: City Veterinary Office, 2016

Table 53. Existing Fishing Grounds and Aquaculture Production, Tacloban

City, 2015
PRODUCTION
FISHING GROUNDS
VOLUME
VALUE
(MT)
Marine .96 96,000.00
42.24 4,224,000.00
16.32 1,632,000.00
.48 48,000.00
23.52 2,352,000.00
1.92 192,000.00
1.92 192,000.00
28.80 2,880,000.00
12.48 1,248,000.00
21.12 2,112,000.00
15.36 1,536,000.00
7.68 768,000.00
3.84 384,000.00
3.84 384,000.00
1.44 144,000.00
27.36 2,736,000.00
23.52 2,352,000.00
1.44 144,000.00
6.72 672,000.00
.96 96,000.00
2.88 288,000.00
11.04 1,104,000.00
.48 48,000.00
4.32 432,000.00
11.04 1,104,000.00
2.40 240,000.00
.48 48,000.00
.48 48,000.00
.48 48,000.00
4.80 480,000.00
7.20 720,000.00
15.36 1,536,000.00
21.12 2,112,000.00
25.44 2,544,000.00
32.64 3,264,000.00
17.28 1,728,000.00
2.88 288,000.00
19.20 1,920,000.00
1.32 1,632,000.00
24.00 2,400,000.00
1.92 192,000.00
10.08 1,008,000.00
67.68 6,768,000.00
1.44 144,000.00
7.20 720,000.00
17.28 1,728,000.00
16.80 1,680,000.00
17.28 1,728,000.00
.96 96,000.00
15.6 1,56,000.00

PRODUCTION
FISHING GROUNDS
VOLUME
VALUE
(MT)
227.52 22,752,000.00
184.32 18,432,000.00
39.84 3,984,000.00
79.20 7,920,000.00
34.56 3,456,000.00
7.68 768,000.00
24.00 2,400,000.00
Aquaculture Production
(Bangus) 81.01825 8,101,825.00
3.94475 394,475.00
1.46800 146,800.00
1.37600 137,600.00
(Seaweeds)
Fresh 19.204 230.448.00
6.780 81,360.00
.500 6,000.00
1.500 18,000.00
Dried .696 20,880.00
.300 9,000.00
.204 6,120.00
TOTAL 1,317.111 128,874,260.00
Source: City Agriculturist Office/ Fisheries Sector, 2016
Table 54. Area and Location of Forestlands by Sub-Category and Primary Use
REFORESTATION
NAME OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION
ACTIVITY AREA
FORESTRY LOCATION AREA (HA)
VOLUME VALUE (PHP) (HA)
AREA
(m3)
Bagacay 349.3800 3,493.8 6,987,600.00 69.876
Abucay 90.9200 909.2 1,818,400.00 18.184
Basper 1.8000 18.0 36,000.00 0.360
Brgy. 12 4.9200 49.2 98,400.00 0.984
Palanog
Brgy. 37-A 6.6100 66.1 132,200.00 1.322
Production
(Palanog)
Camansihay 210.0630 2,100.6 4,201,200.00 42.012
Paglaum 305.8200 3,058.2 6,116,400.00 61.164
Palanog (103) 362.5400 3,625.4 7,250,800.00 72.508
Salvacion 144.4300 1,444.3 2,888,600.00 28.886
San Isidro 90.4600 904.6 1,809,200.00 18.092
San Roque 103.8300 1,038.3 2,076,600.00 20.766
Sto. Niño 21.4600 214.6 429,200.00 4.292
TOTAL 1,692.2330 16,922.3 33,844,600.00 338.446
Source: City ENRO, 2016

Table 55. Volume of Production by Forest Concessionaires, 2015
AREA PRODUCTION
FOREST REFORESTATION
COVERED
CONCESSIONAIRE TOTAL VALUE ACTIVITIES (HA)
(HA)
CBFM PO
BSIRA 23.77 71.31 142,620.00 7
CFLA 11.72 35.16 70,320.00 4
PIAFDA 540.86 1,622.58 3,245,160.00 150
BURAC 97.95 293.85 587,700.00 30
IFMA (Manobo) 116.12 348.36 696,720.00 35
CSC 603.86 1,811.58 3,623,160.00 200
FLMA 30.00 90.00 180,000.00 9
TOTAL 1,424.28 4,272.84 8,545,680.00 435
Source: City ENRO, 2016
Table 56. Employment by Type/ Classification/ Type of Business and Trade
TYPE/ CLASSIFICATION KIND OF BUSINESS

NO. OF EMPLOYMENT REVENUE (IN PHP)
AND TRADE
Wholesale Trade and Retail 4,272 63,180,969.60
Banking and Finance 571 9,693,619.05
Real Estate/ Construction 630 4,856,407.26
Services 659 19,579,102.23
Boarding House 219 849,976.75
Contractor & Services 8,058 (19,579,102.33)
Cooperative 4 400.00
Eatery 3,010 9,904,801.63
Entertainment 207 198,056.05
Financial Institution 1,457 9,693,619.05
Gen. Merchandise/ Essential-Retailer 2,393 11,553,405.23
Gen. Merchandise/ Essential-Wholesaler 903 4,799,982.93
Gen. Merchandise/ Non-Essential-Retailer 5,025 35,819,504.31
Gen. Merchandise/ Non-Essential-Wholesaler 2,417 10,531,216.70
Gen. Merchandise/ Non-Essential-Retailer 8 1,419.75
Gen. Merchandise/ Rice & Corn – Retailer 86 267,244.60
Gen. Merchandise/ Rice & Corn – Wholesaler 117 209,615.83
Hotel 469 2,078,546.18
Manufacturer/Essential 903 1,561,665.01
Manufacturer/ Non-Essential 407 3,994,250.10
Non-Government Organization 24,289.00
Publication 29 53,202.98
Real Estate Lessor 1,353 4,856,407.26
Sari-Sari Store 780 1,509,138.36
TOTAL 33,977 195,216,839.96
Source: City Treasurer’s Office/ City Mayor’s Office-Permits and Licenses Division /MIS, 2016

Table 57. Local Revenue and Industrial Establishment, 2011 - 2015
INCREASE/ INCREASE/
YEAR REVENUE EMPLOYMENT
(DECREASE) (DECREASE)
2011
Business Tax 84,985,858.18
All Source 110,146,214.58
Total 195,130,072.76 19,518
2012
All Source 125,516,028.24
Total 222,002,802.16 13.77 22,029 12.87
2013
All Source 134,267,612.41
Total 237,277,506.56 6.88 22,108 0.36
2014
All Source 94,571,798.03
Total
165,977,215.90 18,180 (17.77)
(30.05)
2015
Business Tax 71,356,539,96
All Source 102,846,094.29
Total 174,202,634.25 4.95 24,800 36.41
Source: City Treasurer’s Office, City Mayor’s Office/MIS, 2016

CHAPTER 9 DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS:

PRIORITY ISSUES AND CONCERNS
Tacloban City has its own share of limitations and vulnerability.

Nevertheless, drawbacks are considered challenges that contest the resolve of
the City Government to maximize its development potentials.
The following issues and concerns raised are testing grounds for the City
Government to make good on its vision and mission statements for the plan
period. The list does not necessarily follow the order as listed in terms of
urgency or priority:
➢ Coastal barangays are storm surge and tsunami prone areas

➢ Well Engineered Sanitary Landfill is located in a protected zone
➢ Increasing waste and refuse material
➢ Deficiency in the number of garbage trucks and personnel
➢ Flooding in almost all of the flat lands in the urban district
➢ Inadequate drainage system
➢ Lack of public high schools, school buildings and classrooms
➢ Lack of local employment opportunities
➢ Undeveloped Agri-Industrial Zone
➢ No utilities at the EVRGC site
➢ Absence of Water supply system in all resettlement sites in the
northern barangays
➢ Overcrowded public cemetery
➢ Lack of modern health equipment at the Tacloban City Hospital
➢ The need to expand the DZR Airport and improve the facilities to
accommodate the increasing volume of passengers
➢ Proliferation of informal settlers
➢ Overcrowded resettlement areas/lack of resettlement areas/sites
➢ Increasing housing backlog
➢ Mangrove forest denudation at Cancabato Bay
➢ Inadequate water supply

➢ Limited and insufficient income of fisher folks due to limited fish

catch
➢ Insufficient roads and the presence of unpaved Barangay roads
➢ Traffic congestions
➢ Absence of permanent standard buildings of the different offices of
the city such as the CTO, CSWDO, City Veterinary Office, City
Tourism, City Health, Cultural Affairs Police Headquarters and
BJMP
➢ Underdeveloped existing tourist spots
➢ Lack of tourist spots
➢ Lack of facilities for persons with disabilities
➢ Denuded forest resources
➢ Lack of sports and recreational facilities
➢ Lack of development for eco-tourism establishments
➢ Absence of industrial power rate competitive with other PEZA/EPZA
zones
➢ Construction of an early warning device for tsunami

CHAPTER 10 COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES AND

COMPETITIVE EDGE
10.1 Highly Urbanized City
Tacloban City is a highly urbanized city, the first in Eastern Visayas, and
considered as the central hub of the region. It is endowed with rich bio-diversity
in terms of marine and forest resource together with its strategic physical
features and structures. Being at the center of the transport link of the Luzon
and Mindanao road network, Tacloban City’s location is vital and significant in
the road transportation structure in the country.
10.2 Ecosystem and Biodiversity
In the northern portion of the city, there lies vast forest reserve serving
as carbon sink and provider of fresh air. Aside from this dominant value, there
is the aesthetic significance of this reserve, such as its natural beauty and
charm of natural forests.
The city has rich and diverse marine resources such as fish, shells,
crustaceans, seaweeds and others resources giving economic opportunities to
the local fisherfolks within its four (4) productive bays serving as fishing
grounds.
10.4 Transport of Goods and Services - Gateway
The navigable San Juanico Strait serves as path for sailing vessels
coming from other regions like Manila, Cebu and local motorboats from Samar
and other provinces in the region. There are also some foreign cargo vessels
that dock in the Tacloban City harbor to load or unload cargoes.
The San Juanico Bridge, with more than 2 kilometers span, is considered
as the longest bridge in the Philippines, which links the islands of Samar and
Leyte, and is the prime tourist attraction of Tacloban City. Tacloban has

become the gateway of the rest of the provinces in the region and thus connects
Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.
Tacloban City’s 24/7 public transport facility is available by land to

Manila in the North and cities of Cagayan De Oro city and Davao city in
Mindanao. Tacloban City has 12 flights a day to Manila through the DZR Airport
and 1 flight a day to Cebu.
On the other hand, there is a 24/7 public transport facility available by

boat to Cebu City. The improved Port facility of Taloban can handle movement
of cargoes.
10.5 Abundance in Human Resource
Tacloban City’s Labor Force group, aged 15 to 65 years old, is counted

at 155,111 per PSA actual census of 2014 against the total population of
239,938 of this particular year. By 2025, the projected total labor force group
would be 195,582 and Tacloban City’s projected total population of 2025 would
be 302,542. In terms of Human Resource, this can be seen as an asset where
commerce, economy and industry will thrive giving credit to Tacloban City’s
abundance in human resource and labor force groups.
10.6 Center of Trade and Commerce
Trade and commerce is likewise alive in the city with its shopping
centers and malls attracting local and national investors, business
entrepreneurs, clients and the general public thereby generating economic
activities and addressing the unemployment problem in the City of Tacloban.
The City’s northern barangays are abundant with agricultural products

where light and medium industries could be established. Moreover, the city
has an existing PEZA registered economic zone. There are still vast areas
available for potential commercial development.

10.7 Availability of Health Services
There are 3 tertiary privately run hospitals and 1 regional hospital

providing healthcare not only to Tacloban’s constituency but also to the region’s
population.
10.8 Tourism
Tacloban City has the Tacloban Convention Center that can host large
events like seminar workshops/conferences or conventions. Lodging and
boarding facility requirement for the convention-like seminar workshops can be
provided by the City’s numerous hotels.
10.9 Light and Power
The abundance of stable power supply of the city because of the

proximity of the geothermal power source in Ormoc City and Municipality of
Kananga makes it makes it an easy magnet to attract business locators whose
industry requirement for power is quite high.

CHAPTER 11 FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF THE CITY
11.1 Trading Hub
The present logistic situation and strategic location of the city makes it
the Trading Hub of the region. The city intends to maintain this key role until
the next succeeding decade. With this scenario, Tacloban City is where
business deals are made by and among national business leaders. This is a
strategic posture for the establishment of regional marketing offices and the
place for forging specific business transactions and agreements. Tacloban City
is likewise the perfect place for trade and commerce and the storage of goods
in the region, the center for the flow of goods and services.
As the regional center, Tacloban City’s trade and commerce is bustling

and alive with the advent of modern malls and other commercial
establishments. The recent business locators in communications, hotels, retail
trade, services, food chains and recreation among others in the city, have set
the business and commercial activities in the region in a forward motion that
radiates to nearby municipalities thereby setting a good economic stance for
the city and the region.
Tacloban City is strategically one of the major nodes of the air transport
network and a recipient of airport infrastructure projects of the Department of
Transportation. The Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport has 12 commercial daily
flights serviced by major air transport players in the Philippines. This makes
the DZR Airport one of the busiest commercial airport facilities in the country.
The regional command center of the Philippine Air force is likewise located right
at the airport facility. Private aviation firms also use the DZR airport facility for
its landings with the latter serving as a jump off point for visitors to any tourist
spots in the region.
Next to the cities of Cebu in the Central Visayas and Davao in Mindanao,
it is hoped that Tacloban City will consistently rank third among the Vis-Min
cities vis-à-vis the frequency of daily flights in the Philippines in the next ten

years. However, Tacloban City has to be economically viable through the

operation of its industrial park to attract more investors and entrepreneurs and
in turn be a business and tourist destination to attain this.
The presence of an efficient transportation system will ensure a better

economy for Tacloban City and will help keep the market of Tacloban City afloat
and dynamic.
11.2 Economic Power House in the Region
In terms of income, the cities of Tacloban, Ormoc and Calbayog shared

similar level of income for the year 2011. Among the four cities, only MaasinCity
has an income below 200 million and comes second in rank.
Table 58. Income Class by City, Region VIII, 2011
CITY Tacloban Ormoc Maasin Calbayog
CLASS First First Fourth First

AMOUNT IN
400 m> 400m> 160 m >< 240m 400 m
MILLION
Source: RSET
Tacloban City’s Land Use Plan positively placed the economic scenario
of the city up front in the development base of its commercial land use and other
interrelated sectors such as social, infra and utilities to make up for an
economically viable and balanced land use. The city’s economy will depend not
only in revenue generation but on the economic condition of its people. The
efficient delivery of basic services to its people means economic capability.
Moreover, the infrastructure boom and commercialization of the city brought to
core its economic advancement and the level of development is has achieved
so far. This is envisioned to be sustained for the years to come.
The number of private enterprise, business ventures and service-

oriented ventures have doubled in number ever since. Banking and financial

institutions have set up branches in the city to support the increasing financial
transactions.
Although Tacloban City’s population is the highest among the five (5)
ranking cities in Region 8, it prioritizes the delivery of basic services with
financial requirements for social, infrastructure and other services for its
population with some savings for speculative investments which the city may
adopt as a corporate-like organization.
Table 59. Density, Population Growth, Average Household, Migration Pattern

and Poverty Incidence by City, Region VIII, 1995-2000 Census
1995-2000
1995-2000 IN-
POPULATION AVERAGE OUT- POVERTY
CITIES DENSITY MIGRATION
GROWTH HH SIZE MIGRATION INCIDENCE
PATTERN
PATTERN
Tacloban 1,076.70 2.73 5.10 10,146 22,581 16.56
Ormoc 289.30 1.95 4.70 572.90 16,210 31.29
Calbayog 185 1.47 5.10 4,556 8,827 66.48
Borongan 125.30 1.02 4.70 20.87
Catbalogan 33.20 1.30 5.40 51.69
Catarman 174.60 2.52 5.30 35.06
Maasin 376.60 1.58 4.70 3,045 2,631 26.59

Source: RSET, NSCB
Although Tacloban is more densely populated than the rest of the cities
in the region, it has ironically the lowest poverty incidence in the region – a proof
that Tacloban City is the economic power house of the region.
Supportive City Role
In terms of support to LGUs in the region, the city serves as a link for
economic opportunities to reach other areas in Eastern Visayas. The City has
formed partnerships with other LGUs to exchange services in a vast number of
fields including DRR Management, banking and finance, health, education,
local governance, and travel & leisure.

11.3 Investment Destination of the Philippines
Tacloban city aims of establishing an industrial zone within its northern

barangays. The plan has long been in the pipeline which envisions to host an
industrial processing zone where light and medium agri-based industries will
operate.
The blue-print of this undertaking has been completed with the

assistance of the South Korean government who provided funds for the
preparation of the Feasibility Study. With the support of the national
government during the presidency of Fidel V. Ramos, the establishment of an
industrial zone eventually gained PEZA the green light to operate.
The development of the more than 200 hectares Eastern Visayas Agri-
Industrial Growth Center (EVRGC) was a priority project of the past
administrations. It was beset with problems regarding the acquisition of the
agricultural properties. The Light Industrial area was eventually reduced to 22
hectares because of its conversion as new housing sites.
However, the present administration sees the importance of an agri-

industrial park for light to medium industrial investors and locators, local or
otherwise. The development plan identified land use areas classified for this
purpose. This will ensure that Tacloban City, within the planning period, will be
the investment destination of the region and the Philippines
Once this is put in place, investors, seeing an open opportunity will

eventually locate with their respective industrial ventures where human
resource is not only employer friendly but qualified, competent, trained and
readily available from a shortlist of applicants with private employment
agencies and the local PESO Office of the city government.
With the establishment of a new central business district, the Cancabato

Central Business District, located in the portion of Cancabato Bay, to be
developed into a state-of-the-art modern and booming financial district, the hub
is aimed at boosting investment for the City employing the following strategies:

First. Real Estate Investment. Speculative and forward looking

businessmen will scamper for a slice of a piece of the property where they can
probably position their business and pour in investment eventually. At this
juncture, there are already huge exchanges of sum of money between and
among investors, developers and speculators. These real estate investment
will directly and indirectly benefit Tacloban City in general.
Second. Construction and Development. After the rush of real

property investment ownership activity has settled down starts the corner stone
laying activities and ground breaking of respective areas for development by
investor/locators. This is where manpower of any kind from property managers,
construction superintendents, engineers, technicians, layman, administrative
and finance personnel are needed to compliment the demand for construction,
a scenario similar to the peak of the development of oil-rich middle east
countries. Building and Road contractors will be around from any part of the
Philippines for the event.
Third. Banking and Finance. To bank roll the construction activity for
the payment of direct and indirect labor work force during the construction
activity, banking establishments may expect to increase their volume of daily
transactions. It includes paying off for the construction materials, both local and
imported one. Similarly, financing institutions may be available to finance
construction equipment to either be rented or acquired by contractors.
Fourth. Construction Materials Supply. It is expected that demand

for the purchase of construction materials will increase. Huge quantities of
unprocessed and natural earth materials such as selected borrows, boulders,
aggregate base and sub-base coarses, will be bought by contractors, The
processed materials such as Reinforced concrete pipe culverts, reinforced
concrete box culverts for example, which are processed locally and the need
for cements to be imported outside tacloban city and within the Philippines, will
likely increase demands.

Fifth. Human Resource Demand for Employment. There will be an

estimate of 10 year construction boom starting from this period.
Pre-Engineering and Pre-Feasibility Study
Professional Expertise needed will be technical, financial, management

and financing which are all high professional profile personnel complement.
The needed professions could be Geologists, Geo-Technical Engineers, Civil
engineers, and Geodetic Engineers in the technical side. In the financing and
financial side, these could be Certified Public Accountants, Bookkeepers, and
bankers. And in the management side, these could be lawyers and managers.
Engineering & Feasibility Study
Expertise on this field is necessary. It could be technical writers, finance

and financial writers, finance and financial analyst, engineers, laboratory
technicians, estimators, land survey assistance, quantity surveyors, AutoCAD
operators, RTK operators, sounding operators, etc.
Site development works, earthworks, Storm water drainage
It is at this stage that requires so much number of human resources from

skills to laborers, engineers, supervisors, office workers, managers,
construction workers.
Likewise, it is at this stage that support services are needed to supply

the labor force with foods and daily needs. The sub-contractors of materials
are also needed.
Business Operations
Lastly, the supply of services and goods for the operations will start to
commence that will permanently contribute to the economy in the amount of
hundreds of millions of pesos per month.

All this fiscal contribution will trickle down to the community and the city
of Tacloban in general.
11.4 Industrial Center in the Region
Tacloban City is in the process of establishing itself as an industrial hub

with the prospect of developing the EVRGC. As the development of the
EVRGC was botched due to technical reasons and administrative preferences,
an Agri-Industrial Park now reduced to 22 hectares will take its place to boost
the Agri-industrial landscape in the north. Once this sector becomes fully
operational, the city will take in what there is to gain such as increased revenue
generation. The administration has to see beyond the development plan and
put it into action. The present advantage of the city should be harnessed to
visualize its economic potential in terms of industrialization and infrastructure
boom. Trade and commerce is thriving and all that the city government has to
do is make the most of the situation and cater to the commercial and industrial
needs of potential locators. The momentum of pouring in investments by the
players in the industry may shift away from Tacloban if there is no ideal
industrial site. The force of the market should be shaped by the policy-makers
in the local government. The private sector and the industry will follow the
dictates of the market and derive economic returns in the process. Tacloban
City sees this as an opportunity and the Agri-Industrial Park is there to make a
turn-around for the city to make it the industrial and economic leader in the
region.
The successful operation of the Agri-Industrial Park will contribute to a

better fiscal position of the city in the years to come. There is a need to strive
to have the best economic base to offer the constituents because of the positive
demographic condition of Tacloban City such as population, migration pattern
and low poverty incidence.

11.5 Local tourists Destination of the Philippines
There are various local spots that can attract tourists to visit the City and
establish Tacloban as an important tourism hub in the country. One such infra
utility that can be used as a tourist attraction is the San Juanico Bridge. It is the
longest bridge in the Philippines and one of the modern bridge facilities in the
country. At present, this has already captured many tourists wanting to see its
domination set against the magnificent backdrop of the islets of Tacloban City
and Samar Island.
The availability of facilities that can cater to huge gatherings such as

conventions, sports events and even concerts by international figures in the
entertainment industry complemented with efficient infrastructure facilities will
make Tacloban City a regional tourist destination center.
The on-going planned improvement of the Tacloban City Convention

Center can help in propping-up the city as tourist destination. Tacloban City
has several multi-star level hotels and dining places fit for tourists of any kind.
From international standards to local ambiance, the city has something to offer
to visitors.
The 50-hectare San Juanico Golf Course and Country Club in Barangay
Cabalawan possess a magnificent overlooking view of the San Juanico Bridge.
Its verdant mountain scenery and serene backdrop is a perfect vacation area
that could attract vacation planners and convention organizers in metropolitan
Manila. Owing to the fact that it is the only sports facility in the region with ultra-
modern amenities and one of the few good golf courses in the Philippines, it
has already brought in several golf enthusiasts to the city. This is one good
tourist destination in the Philippines, not only to golf enthusiast but also
environmental lovers and week end vacationers who likes quite spots
Tacloban City may lag behind its neighboring islands in so far as foreign
tourist count is concerned but this can be addressed with a good plan. A Master
Tourist Plan has to be formulated with full support of the local chief executive

so Tacloban City could have a slice of the tourism market pie which other cities
are already enjoying.
11.6 Center of Culture, Arts and Education
Region VIII is composed of Leyte-Samar and Biliran islands and is

endowed with a very rich Waray-Waray culture and tradition. The customs and
traditions reaching way back before the conquest of the Spaniards are safely
archived in the People’s Center Museum. The isolation of Leyte-Samar and
Biliran islands from other islands in the Visayas and the Philippines distinctly
webbed together the people’s culture as one despite the separation of the
islands from each other. The Waray-Waray traditions, culture and arts are
literally preserved and enriched in Tacloban City for ready reference and
research of the young generations and other people with different ethnic origins.
It is the role of Tacloban City, with the help of the academe, to fashion
how to preserve this rich culture and even promote them for tourism purposes.
Since Tacloban City has many educational institutions over the rest of the
region where arts and culture is being promoted, the city eventually became the
center of culture, arts and education in the region. Tacloban City, as the
educational center of the region, has several colleges, universities and
educational centers providing quality education, cultural knowledge and
appreciation of the arts.
11.7 Center of Local Governance
Tacloban City, before it was categorized as a Highly Urbanized City

(HUC), was the capital of Leyte Province. Being so, it became the center of
local governance in the region t with the presence of various regional offices
within its territory. The Department of the Interior and Local Government,
Regional Office, VIII is located adjacent to the Tacloban City Hall.
The strategic location of the Regional Office of the DILG in the City
makes it accessible to other LGUs in the region. As such, Tacloban City is not

only the center of education, health, trade and industry, it is also the center of
local governance.
11.8 Health Center in the Region
In the social sector, the local government consistently provides health

services for its constituents. The regular conduct of Baranggayan augments
in the extension and delivery of basic health and sanitation services to the
people directly to the barangay level provided by the Barangay Health Centers.
There are also 7 modern and fully-equipped private and government hospitals
to give the best medical care for the people in the region.
The health service extended by these medical facilities is accessible to

all the people in the region, up to the most remote corner of Leyte, Samar and
Biliran islands. This role is unquestionable, attainable and can be sustained for
the next decade of another planning period. This means Tacloban City is the
provider of health services in the region since top-of-the-line medical and health
facilities are in Tacloban City. The professional services of competent medical
professionals practicing in the city also hold private clinics that can be availed
of by anybody in the region.
The medical training institutions, which molded these professions, are

also established in the City of Tacloban to complement the growth of the
medical profession.
Presently, Eastern Visayas Regional Medical Center’s new location in

Bgy. Bagacay is in a safer and resilient area in the City. The billion pesos-
worth infrastructure is about to be completed in a year or two. Delivery of state-
of-the-art medical equipment will follow suit after the completion of the multi-
storey medical buildings.

11.9 Resilient Model City of Eastern Visayas
After being devastated by the storm surge and strong winds of super
typhoon “Yolanda” and with support in the rehabilitation and restoration efforts
by the private sector, the charitable organizations, local and international non-
government, the City Government modeled a climate change and climate-
mitigated approach of development on resettlement, commercial and industrial
on hazard free areas in the northern barangays. The existing central business
district, however, will be subject for urban renewal and redevelopment in the
principle of green growth approach to keep pace with sustainable development
while steady economic activity are pursued.

ll. THE COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE

PLAN

CHAPTER 1 VISION AND MISSION STATEMENTS
1.1 Vision
“A globally competitive, green and resilient city, propelled by god-

loving, gender-responsive leaders and empowered citizenry.”
1.2 Mission
Guided by this vision, the mission that the city is set to accomplish is:
To develop Tacloban into a resilient, commercial and industrialized city

with a fast growing economy, ecological balance and social equity to maintain
its status as the strategic hub of Eastern Visayas.
1.3 Goals
Directed by the Vision and Mission Statements, the city aims to attain two
goals by the end of 2025. These are:
➢ To achieve a sustainable socio-economic growth; and

➢ To attain a more equitable distribution of income and wealth
1.4 Objectives
In support of these goals, the specific objectives are:
➢ To generate employment opportunities and income;

➢ To increase production particularly in livestock, poultry, fruits and
vegetables;
➢ To promote protection of the urban and upland forests and coastal
waters;
➢ To provide resilient housing facilities especially among the low and
middle income groups;
➢ To improve/upgrade existing infrastructure facilities and utilities,
supportive of both the economic and social sectors; and

➢ To institutionalize and mainstream climate change adaptation and

disaster risk reduction management in local governance.
1.5 Targets
The following targets will be pursued within the plan period:
➢ To increase employment rate from 96% in 2016 to 100% in 2022;

➢ To decrease underemployment rate from 15% in 2015 to less than
10% in 2022;
➢ To increase production of vegetables, fruits, livestock, and poultry by
5% annually during the period 2017 – 2025;
➢ To construct more resilient housing units in safe areas for the low and
middle income groups during the period 2017 to 2025;
➢ To construct tenement houses in designated areas to relocate
informal settlers in the city;
➢ To fully decongest the city streets by the year 2017; and
➢ To increase the income of the city government by 10% annually for
the first 3 years of the plan period (2012 – 2014) and 20% annually
for the last three years of the plan period (2015 – 2017).
1.6 Strategies
To meet the above targets, the following strategies will be employed:
➢ Provision of more employment opportunities through economic and

industrial activities;
➢ Adoption of production technologies to reduce prices of commodities

and increase income;
➢ Adoption of compatible land uses supportive of the city’s mission as

the strategic hub of the region;
➢ To build/construct infra-utilities and facilities conforming to

environmental conditions and would-be climate change effects; and
➢ Intensified revenue collection.

The pattern of development of the city will be steered by the goals and
objectives drawn to specifically channel all its resources towards its realization.
The Vision Statement of the City of Tacloban was defined and guided by the
following elements, descriptors and success indicators. These goals will be
realized with the potentials and capabilities of the city in terms of its physical
and logistic resources. Table 60 shows the Matrix of the city’s vision elements,
its descriptors and success indicators.
Table 60. Vision Indicators, Tacloban City
VISION ELEMENTS DESCRIPTORS SUCCESS INDICATORS

Outward looking
ECONOMIC Globally Competitive • Modern information, communication and
transportation system in place.
• Sufficient number of banks and other
financial institutions.
• Availability of varied job opportunities.
• Sustained power supply of coverage area.
• 24 hour availability of safe drinking water.
• Majority of schools gathered national awards
for excellence (board/bar topnotchers).
• High level of human resource
• WHO facilities and health equipment is at
par with international health standards
• Developed and establish renewable power
sources.
• Available opportunities for digital and I.T.
literacy
Inward looking
ENVIRONMENT Green • Low level of emissions of different pollutants
per source.
• Acceptable ratio of built form to parks,
playground and open space.
• Strict enforcement of clean air act.
• Presence of tree parks and green belts in
abundance.
• Soil erosion protection in placed.
• Protected Forest Land and forest resources
• Mangrove and marine resources protected.
• High quality of Major Freshwater bodies
sustained.
• Well maintained natural ecosystem.
• Protected critical habitat.
• Solid waste mgt. policy
• Protected Water Recharge Areas
• Reduced pollution of water bodies
• Creeks, rivers, flood control and drainage
system.
• Utilized alternative Water Resources
• Developed Maritime Highway


• Achieved inclusive growth & Poverty
Reduction
• Prevented environmental degradation &
biodiversity loss
INFRASTRUCTURE Resilient • Hazard resistant infrastructures & dwelling
units
• Empowered constituents on Disaster Risk
Reduction, Preparedness & Management
• Adequate number of evacuation centers with
complete facilities
• Functional disaster protective services
• Mainstreamed DRRM
• Formulated and Implemented Risk
Mitigation, Plans, Projects and action.
• Implemented Land Use Planning.
• Enforced land use policies resources
management.
• Achieved prepositioning of emergency relief
goods, medicines, medical supplies and
equipment at hazard free area.
INSTITUTIONAL God-Loving • Peace loving
Leadership • Honest, trustworthy
• Reliable
• Law abiding
• Caring
• Leadership by example and persuasion
• Transparent Governance
• Observance and conduct of religious and
cultural activities
SOCIAL Gender Responsive • Full implementation of GAD Code.
• Full implementation of RA 9262.
• Construction of gender responsive
infrastructures.
• Equal opportunity for girls and boys in
elementary, secondary and tertiary school.
• Equal share of women in agricultural and
non-agricultural wage employment.
SOCIAL Empowered citizenry • All 6-12 aged children are in school.
• All 13-16 aged children are in school.
• Majority of 17-21 yrs. Aged youth are in
tertiary school.
• Absence of informal settlers.
• Zero incidents of domestic violence.
• All households eat 3 square meals a day.
• Low poverty incidence.
• Absence of malnourished children.
• No maternal deaths.
• No deaths due to HIV/AIDS, malaria
tuberculosis, and other diseases.
• No death of children under 5 years old due
to illness.
• Full employment.
• Low underemployment rate.
• Highly skilled labor force.
• Achieved 100% literacy rate.


• Zero incidence of index crime.
• Active membership (functionality) of CSOs,
barangays and other stakeholders in the
City Development Council and Local Special
Bodies (functionality of the CDC, CHB, CSB,
POC, FARMC).
• Achieved zero incidence of non-index crime.
• High income per capita.
Vision Indicator Analysis
The Vision of Tacloban City is the very basis for all its development
thrusts. The administration will play a very vital role in its implementation that
when accomplished, will make Tacloban City the premier urban destination in
Region VIII.
The following descriptors, as analyzed, will help in the realistic approach

and policy formulation on the sectoral development plans.
A. Commercial and Industrial Center
Tacloban City is a fast growing urban city with fast paced commercial
activities and has a potential for being industrialized. Altogether, with the city’s
small and medium scale industrial thrust, the previous identified site for
commercial/industrial center, part of which has been turned to residential areas
owing to the need for housing facilities due to the displacement of residents
during typhoon Haiyan. Located at the northern portion of the city on a 237
hectare site, it is not yet fully developed but it has the potential for a residential
and light to medium scale industrial area. Presently, there are no provisions for
utilities on site but this can be provided should there be stakeholders wanting
to use the area for industrial use.
Although there are some functional agri-industrial locators in the city, the
number is not that significant and necessitates promotions to encourage and
sell the city for more stakeholders and industrial entrepreneurs where the
double take could be more employment opportunities and increased revenue
for Tacloban City. On the other hand, the commercial pace by which the city is

experiencing, post Yolanda situation is quite phenomenal. Many business

entrepreneurs have signified to open new businesses or branches. While some
started relocating in the central business district of the city, some opted to locate
in the Tacloban North, which is being developed as the new expansion site for
commercial, residential and institutional area of the city.
B. A Strategic Hub for Educational Excellence
Tacloban City can be considered the educational center of Eastern

Visayas with its institutions giving good quality education, equal to some of the
best schools or universities in the country. Both public and private schools and
universities, from elementary to tertiary levels, garnered national awards for
excellence in addition to having produced board or bar topnotchers. Most of
the schools and universities in the city meet the national standards of teaching,
teacher to classroom ratio standards and the courses offered are relevant to
national development with technical courses becoming in demand.
While teachers in these private and public educational institutions are

highly specialized in their respective field of expertise and curricula, the City
Government looked into those who cannot afford the mainstream academic
courses. To give equal opportunities for the working group and the
marginalized, the City offered the Alternative Learning System (ALS) through
the DepEd. Offering free basic education and technical/vocational courses for
the poor and the working sector, it aims to give the same educational and
economic opportunities with those in the mainstream academe.
C. Preserved Cultural Heritage
Tacloban City takes pride in its cultural identity. With all the distinct and
diverse regional ethnicity, Tacloban keeps its own identity, heritage and
customs. Its history and other traditional information are kept in public libraries
and archives that are well maintained and preserved. Likewise, historical sites
in the city are preserved while some are being restored to keep its historical
impact in the present times. Historically, Tacloban was once a sleepy town and

from its modest beginnings, has grown to what it is today and to be able to leap
forward, Tacloban City has to look back to its humble beginnings.
D. The Environment
The City of Tacloban is a geographically-endowed community. All the

environmental indicators point to a sustained environmental security and
balanced habitat for all its inhabitants. Although flooding occurs during rainy
season, the problems on the areas concerned are not physical or geographic
induced but manmade and change initiated. Because of the non-compliance
in some drainage plans, flooding occur in some areas in the city. But in general,
the functionality and flow of the creeks, rivers, flood canals and other bodies of
water are maintained and sustained at an operational level. Moreover, the city
tries to keep its high extent of soil conservation through legislative measures
and regulation.
To balance all the environmental elements in land, air and water, several
ordinances were passed and national mandates are implemented to secure the
city’s environment. Also, activities to preserve the environs and make way for a
healthy and balanced ecosystem are in place such as promotion of more tree
parks and green belts, protection of mangrove and marine resources,
restoration of critical areas, clean air monitoring and other such measures to
ensure that the balance of our environment are kept at bay.
E. Governance
The City Government of Tacloban prioritizes the efficient and effective

delivery of basic services to its people. To do this, the Chief Executive has
given the mandate to all officials and employees of the city government to be
dynamic and render quality customer service to the people. To an extent,
transparency is practiced as mandated where information and accessibility to
public documents are adhered to. Moreover, participatory governance is
practiced as more Non-Government Organizations (NGOs), People’s
Organizations (POs) and other sectoral representations are made members of

the City Development Council and other local Special Bodies to assist in the
development planning and implementation of developmental activities.
As the administration emphasizes quality service, it has drawn activities

that will likewise improve the capabilities of its employees and reinforce value
formation to create a credible work force, sensitive to the needs of the people.
To equate all these to good governance, the national code and policy on
gender sensitivity and equality is fully implemented. Moreover, there is a
hands-on leadership from the officials down to the supervisors, inspiring a
leadership by example, unbiased compulsion and persuasion. In all, there is a
strict adherence to the mandate of the Civil Service Commission as a
commitment to the sworn duty of public service and good governance.

CHAPTER 2 DEVELOPMENT THRUSTS AND

STRATEGIES
Analysis and Evaluation of Development Thrusts
2.1 Industrialization
For the next nine year development, 2017-2025, the city of Tacloban
shall aim at hosting a processing center for light and agri-industrial products in
the Eastern Visayas region. If this will materialize, the first four (4) years could
be a development stage, and the years thereafter could see the start of
operations by prospective locators. Such move, once successful and
operational, may be one of the sources of increased income in terms of permits
and taxes for the City Government.
These stance could be in answer to the expected bulk expenditures for

the proposed development projects lined up for the northern barangays. In the
absence of income-generating projects, these proposed socio-economic
development projects lined up to be implemented very soon, that would require
huge investment in terms of finances, may be on the waiting end once the DTI
initiative industrialization program, which Tacloban is identified to host for light
electronics industries, will be realized.
2.2 Real Estate Development
Close to 400 hectares of heavily silted portion, polluted and dying bio-
diversity portion of Cancabato bay is intended to be developed into a City
Extension part 2 which is dubbed as Cancabato New Central Business District.
It is a more economical, more prudent, more appropriate and more productive
approach of the use of the portion of the bayas it ceased to be a viable fishing
ground.

2.3 Fiscal Development
The City of Tacloban, if not alone, is perhaps one of the IRA-dependent

highly urbanized cities of the Philippines. The only way to graduate from its
dependency from IRA is for the City government to craft a development thrust
towards making the urban area of the city not only resilient against natural
hazards but an income-earning real estate project that will contribute to the
city’s coffer in hundreds of millions of pesos which can make the City self-
sustaining in terms of earnings.
2.4 Natural Hazard Resiliency Development
The City’s Cancabato new central business district development is also

part of a process of a resiliency development program because of the
incorporation of the greenbelt infrastructure zone and the tide embankment
construction.
In the proposed new Cancabato CBD, the protection measure strategy

of establishing a 50-meter wide Greenbelt Infrastructure zone directly adjacent
to the sea is the first line of defense and the tidal embankment of the DPWH
becomes the second line of defense.
The national government, through the Department of Public Works and

Highways, will be constructing a 6 meter-high tide embankment along the City’s
shoreline from the boundary of the Municipality of Palo towards the northern
portion of the city somewhere in Bgy. Nula-tula. Its purpose is to offer protection
to the inland portion of the city from further damage once a similar hazard
occurrence of either Tsunami or Storm surge will hit again the city.
With the two systems of protective measures in place, it is assured that

a similar occurrence of hazards may no longer inflict damage.

2.5 Sustained Agricultural Development
Since the City of Tacloban’s agriculture sector has a few hectares of rice
lands because of the limited area coupled with the absence of an irrigation
facility and its unique terrain characteristic which could hamper production, a
better option for agriculture for the City is the promotion of agri-processing to
increase agricultural production
2.6 Tourism Development
Another source of possible increase in income to the City of Tacloban is

in the field of tourism. The land use for eco-tourism for the next 9 years is being
increased to a big proportion hoping to attract more investors.
2.7 Climate Change Adaptation Thrust
There are a lot of projects lined up in relation to adaption to the effects

of climate change. It is essential to ensure that land use will promote the
reduction of risks to hazards.
From river protection to coastal development to establishing sewerage

system, these are just some of the examples of the development thrust that
may protect the city from future calamities.
2.8 ICT Projects
Since ICT-related projects require only limited amount of space and

having an information highway infrastructure already established by the
telecommunication industry players in the City of Tacloban, it is proposed to
forge agreement with more companies in the telecom industry to locate in the
city. This will somehow improve the communications facilities in the city and
the region and generate income for the city.

2.9 Rehabilitation of Airport Facility
To sustain competitiveness with cities in the Visayan region in the field

of commerce, eco-tourism and trade, the airport facility located in the city of
Tacloban has to be in tiptop condition all the time for efficient operations.
It is proposed to complete the airport upgrading projects before the end

of the second decade in the second millennium.
The following development strategy matrices will define the thrust of

development for the plan period as shown.
Development Thrusts and Strategies Matrix
DEVELOPMENT THRUST STRATEGIES

➢ DZR Airport Redevelopment (modernization of facilities
and services).
➢ Invite investors/locators to put hotels that will offer high-
end facilities or attractions highlighting the distinct
features of Tacloban City as a globally competitive,
resilient and green city.
➢ Invite investors/locators and encourage local
restaurateurs to promote the city’s special menu at a high-
end level.
• North:
- Opening of the Public Market
DEVELOP TACLOBAN CITY AS EASTERN
- Promote the Scenic Seaside and Mountain side
VISAYAS’ CENTER FOR COMMERCE AND
for the establishment of Hotels/Resorts and
TRADE
Recreational Center.
- Training and Development Center.
• South:
- Opening of a New Bus Terminal at the South.
➢ Encourage Green Architecture Advocacy to business
establishments and other infrastructure.
➢ Introduction of green parks and other green-related
facilities especially in commercial areas.
➢ (Commercial Greenbelt Zone)
Regulation of Arrastre Service Fee’s at the Tacloban Port
Area.
➢ Intensify land utilization for agricultural production in 3,500
has. land through diversified farming system (coco-based
and diversified farming system).
➢ Construction of rainwater impounding/catchment
SUSTAINED AGRICULTURAL
structures to include drainage canals and pipes to the
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVED AGRI-
farms.
PRODUCT QUALITY.
➢ Construction of vermicomposting facilities.
➢ (1,800 sq.m) – 12 units.
➢ Maximum utilization of Mariculture Zone for fishery
production 300 has.


➢ Establishment of fishery product processing facilities. (0.3
ha.)
➢ Adopt and practice organic farming.
➢ Prohibit the conversion of primary agricultural lands.
➢ Construction of trading posts. (0.2ha.)
➢ Agri-Eco-Tourism Development at Brgys. San Isidro &
Sto. Nino. (13.8 has.)
➢ Establishment of multiplier organic farms. (14.5 ha)
➢ Construction of “AAA” Slaughterhouse (5 ha).
➢ Production of local feed materials thru establishment of
community-based feed mill 30 has.
➢ Improve productivity and supply of priority products using
natural technologies and providing protection coverage
from disasters so as to increase incomes for farmers and
fisher folk groups. Support backyard level self-sufficiency
farms for naturally-grown short-gestating vegetables in the
relocation sites to address nutritional needs and contribute
to family income.
➢ Focus on products with potential for upscaling based on
market demand and create links to light agri-fisheries
processing supported by medium to large agri-businesses
through technical assistance and marketing. Expand to
wider areas in the region and sustain commercial scale
natural and disaster-resilient farming/fishing (raw material
and processed products) enterprises in the region for the
local and export markets.
➢ Sustain links of producers with technical institutions for
continuing support for new technologies and practices on
natural farming/fishing. Upgrade capacity on higher level
enterprise and financial management and gear up
Tacloban City as export hub of high-value processed
naturally grown products to other regions in the country
and even internationally.
➢ Promote Agri and Light Manufacturing industry to take
advantage of the raw outputs from agriculture,
aquaculture/ fisheries, other natural resources and
finished materials/ components which are produced
locally from the surrounding municipalities and from the
rest of the region.
➢ Properly allocate and develop urban and industrial
functions by taking advantage of resources and
characteristics of each area to strengthen economic
growth engines.
➢ Construct information technology infrastructure
➢ Tourist attraction through conservation of historical assets
such as the Sto. Nino Shrine and Heritage Museum,
People’s Center Library, Redona House, Anibong
URBAN REDEVELOPMENT
Shipwreck, Yolanda Memorial, Plaza Libertad, San
Juanico, Madonna of Japan, Capitol Building, CAP
Building, etc.).
➢ Development of MICE Facilities (Meetings, Incentives,
Conventions, and Exhibitions)
➢ Attraction of potential travel management companies that
will offer historical trips within the city and neighboring
town (Palo, etc.).


➢ Eco-Tourism through granting of investment incentives to
existing investors (i.e., Villa Francisco) and attraction of
potential investors for mountain resorts and hotels.
➢ Medical and Healthcare Services – Attraction of state-of-
the-art medical facility investors (ACE Medical, etc.).
➢ Economic growth and employment generation/job
creation through IT/BPO (Business Process Outsourcing),
KPO (Knowledge Process Outsourcing), the retirement
business for foreigners and the development of Tacloban-
originated new businesses, creative industry and
manufacturing.
➢ Development of world-class human resources through
technical and business education and skills training and
enhancement of K-12 and higher education for adaptive
curriculum to advanced industries and English language
programs.
➢ Development of enablers for competitiveness, including
utilities (stable electric and water supply and ICT).
➢ Realize livable communities by providing a healthy and
comfortable living environment with basic urban services
and disaster-resistant infrastructure through
environmentally sustainable practices, such as
conservation of natural resources, utilization of
untapped/renewable energy and recycling resources.
➢ 24 hours safe water supply.
➢ Robust and sufficient drainage and sewage system.
➢ Accessibility to public amenities (parks, coastal areas,
etc.).
➢ Utilization of energy including management of untapped/
renewable energy.
➢ Low-emission vehicles and e-jeep.
➢ Recycling resources (solid waste management).
➢ Water waste management.
➢ Resilience from natural disasters (flooding, storm surge,
earthquake, landslides).
➢ Maintain peace and order for safety and crime prevention.
➢ Increase contribution to the City’s Annual Tax Revenues
by strengthening its status as the secondary economic
revenue earner thereby increasing the economic
resilience of the IDPs, the city and the rest of the region.
➢ Proposed Forestland Allocation
• Agroforestry (Sta Elena, Cabalawan)
• Assisted Natural Regeneration (2,124 has.) Sto. Nino
Camansihay
➢ Mangrove Eco-park Along Rivers
Mangrove reforestation using storm surge-resilient. e.g.
ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT banig, nipa, pagatpat, bungalon, api-api, miyapi,
malibago.
30m x 2000m = 6.00 has. (TagpuroDiit).
➢ Bio-diversity and preservation of ecological sensitive
areas.


➢ Fish Landing Center along Brgy. Tagpuro
Construction of typhoon-resilient fish port (1 ha.) at
Tagpuro
➢ Fish Cages along Old Kawayan
Adopting the new fish cage technology of Japan (3.85
has.) at Old Kawayan
➢ River Protection
Embankment using Bamboo Plantation (121 has.) at
Tigbao
➢ Coastal Clean-Up
Implementation of Cash-for-Work Projects (All Coastal
Brgys)
➢ Cancabato Bay Clean-up Drive
Conduct of quarterly coastal monitoring at Cancabato
COASTAL DEVELOPMENT ➢ Coastal Resource Assessment
Coordination with DENR, BFAR and LGU by establishing
a Technical Working Group in coastal assessment both
inland and underwater (All Coastal Brgys.)
➢ River System Clean-Up
Dredging of principal waterways at Mangonbangon
River, Tanghas-Lirang Creek, Burayan and Mahayahay
Creek
➢ River System Clean-Up
Dredging of principal waterways at Mangonbangon
River, Tanghas-Lirang Creek, Burayan and Mahayahay
Creek, Sagkahan, San Jose, Sagkahan, Utap
➢ Production of Shellfish, Crabs and other marine
products located on mangrove areas.
Introduction of aqua-silviculture to residents outside
hazard zones. (Cabalawan, Tagpuro)
➢ Generate more diversified and inclusive employment and
livelihood opportunities for the IDPs in Tacloban North
and the rest of the region by attracting medium to large
agri-fisheries food processing companies and
manufacturing companies.
➢ Agriculture Development
• Fisheries
- Processed fish production
- Bangus farming
• Vegetable Production
• Root Crop Production
• Cocoa Plantation
• Fruit Production
TACLOBAN NORTH DEVELOPMENT
• Flower Production
➢ Industrial Development
• Light to Medium Industrial Park
➢ Residential Development
• Real Estate Development – Public and Private
➢ Commercial Development
• Shopping Mall
• Arcades
➢ Educational Center of Excellence
➢ University of the Philippines Tacloban College
• RTR
➢ Infrastructure
• Solid Waste Management Facility
• Slaughterhouse


• Waste Water Management Facility
• Mobile and Internet Service providers
• Public Utility Terminal Development
• North Supermarket
• Seaport (Tagpuro)
➢ Establish and reconstruct a Storm Drainage Plan and
flood control system.
➢ Development and dredging of natural waterways and
flood catchment areas (Mangonbangon, Tanghas- Lirang,
Burayan Rivers and Naga-Naga Creek).
➢ Develop a city sewerage system.
➢ Shoreline mangrove reforestation on identified areas
➢ Construction of Evacuation Centers on identified areas in
the urban center and north barangays.
➢ Develop and construct Shoreline embankment on
specific shoreline area.
➢ Establish and develop urban and rural rain
catchment system.
➢ Establishment and Construction of Livelihood
MAINSTREAMING CLIMATE CHANGE centers.
ADAPTATION AND DISASTER RISK ➢ Establishment of 5 hectare Sanitary landfill.
REDUCTION ➢ Redevelop of Balugo falls.
➢ Develop and establish a 1 hectare Solar Power
Storage System in the northern part of the city.
➢ Reforestation/re-greening of balding forests.
➢ Develop and maintain watershed areas in the
northern part of the city to be tapped as possible
water source.
➢ Redevelopment of shorelines areas as Eco-Tourism
Parks.
➢ Construction of resilient resettlement/housing projects in
identified areas.
➢ Construction of Migration Resource Center.
➢ Develop and construct Shoreline Embankment on specific
shoreline areas.
➢ Establish and develop urban and rural rain catchment
systems.

CHAPTER 3 DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT AND

STRUCTURE PLAN
Map 29. Structure/ Concept Map

3.1 Residential
3.1.1 Informal Settlers in Danger Zones
With an addition of close to 15000 on-going construction of new housing

units located in the different areas in the northern barangays as a resettlement
for the displaced informal settlers from danger zones of the urban area, a new
settlement will soon rise which requires basic services for health, education,
water, power, transport services and such other amenities.
In the next 9 years planning period, the planned city extension of the city
of Tacloban dubbed as the “Tacloban North” development will be populated
with a combined households of around 20,000. 15,000 of which are newly
constructed socialized housing units intended to be occupied by mostly informal
settlers resettled from the danger zone areas in the urban center of the city
which were affected by supertyphoon Yolanda’s storm surge.
3.1.2 Informal Settlers in Timber Land
The remaining informal settlers inside government properties, along

road-right-of-ways, within the easements of creeks and rivers are expected to
be moved to the northern barangay settlement after all the first batch of families
have been transferred.
While informal settlement problem in the urban area is slowly provided

with solution, the informal settlement in the forest land is continuously gaining
in numbers without an effective solution to prevent environmental degradation
of the forest areas.
3.2 Coastal and Aquaculture Development
In the next 9 years planned period, sea level rise on the shoreline of the
city of Tacloban may not be felt as it could only be at 9cm, level yet PAGASA
predicted that its impact on sensitive marine biodiversity may start to be felt

because of extreme weather which may alter and affect development programs
to be introduced on the water use.
Part of Cancabato bay area, having been declared Marine Protected and
Fishery Reservation area because the other part will be developed as new
Central Business District, will need to be protected from the polluted waste
water from the tributary creeks and domestic waste by putting up waste water
treatment system in all river and creek outfalls. This is to ensure survival of
marine life inside the protected area. For a long period of time, the bay was the
source of livelihood of marginal income fishermen to many of the residents
living along the shore line. This source of living stopped when fish catch from
the bay was no longer sufficient because of complex reasons, which include
overfishing and water pollution.
In San Pedro Bay within the periphery of Diu Island, a 50-hectare marine
sanctuary has been established through an ordinance just a few years back. If
protected and properly managed, fish of various species will be in abundance
and could be a source of food to many families.
The whole stretch of San Juanico Strait having been declared

mariculture zone will be developed as such to augment livelihoods for the new
resettled families.
3.3 Planned City Extension (Northern Barangay Development)
3.3.1 Light industrial
The once planned Eastern Visayas Growth Center with an area of 200
hectares from the previous land use has been reduced now to 27.72 hectares.
The location is ideal for industrial processing-related business undertakings in
a safe zone.
During the development and construction stage of the industrial zone, it

will generate direct employment opportunities of skilled, non-skilled and even
professionals mainly sourced from the residents of the industrial city. When

industrial processing starts to operate, permanent employment could be

available from the establishments locating in the industrial zone.
Gainful employment opportunities during the operations of the industrial

establishments will also be derived such as maintenance contracting work,
security services, food retailing business and other support services.
3.3.2 Commercial
The Philippine Statistics Authority defines an Urban area when a

community reaches a population of 50,000. Such level of population requires
commercial services to meet the needs of the already large and complex
community. Therefore, the City government shall catalyze commercial
development in the planned city extension.
3.3.2 Agricultural plains (agri-tourism)
The areas in the northern barangays even after it succumbed to urban

development remains a vast agricultural areas fitted for gainful agricultural
undertaking. To cope with the built-in market right in the corridor, there is a need
to adopt modern agricultural approaches to keep sustainable harvest of
livestock, poultry, piggery or agri-produce to supply the ready market.
3.4 Critical Facilities
3.4.1 Water
Potable water is a critical facility. The development of Tacloban North

will not materialize if there is no continuous and sufficient supply of water. The
first impact of Climate Change is the shortage of water during long droughts
and over supply during prolonged wet season according to PAG-ASA model.
This is a challenge for the next 9 years for whoever heads the City Local
Administration. The Local Chef Executive has to address the high demand for
industrial and domestic use. Huge Investment must come in from either the

government, private-public partnership, private enterprise alone to act as

service provider for water to the north development. Since it requires so much
investment, government has to take a lead role to convince financing institution
to consider funding the project for a minimal interest.
3.4.2 Storm Water and Flood Control
Another critical facility, the natural water system is in danger of being

polluted when development starts to pick up as waste water will be dumped into
the river unabatedly. To remedy this problem, a storm water and flood control
system with waste water treatment shall be established.
With development to be in place and to prevent environmental

degradation, there is a need to establish such facility.
3.4.3 Transportation Network (A life-line)
The north development started with the construction of close to more

than a dozen thousands of housing units. Next to the problem of no water
supply available, transportation network is also a problem to be reckoned with.
The City should be tapping the private sector to put up vehicles plying the
Tacloban North route.
3.4.4 Forest Protection and Production
There is a need to program social development projects geared towards

the improvement of the lot of the informal settlers in the timber land area so as
to minimize their dependency on the agriculture activities inside the forest zone.
3.4.5 Transportation Facility
The DZR airport is one of the important facilities that was affected by
super typhoon “Yolanda”. Right after the typhoon, efforts have been exerted to

clear the airfield and the landing facility to allow the landing of military aircrafts
bringing in relief goods for distribution.
In the next 9 years, a lot of improvements and upgrade for the DZR
airport are scheduled for implementation for the airport to continuously function
even right after a disaster.
3.4.6 Roads and Highways
The Department of Public Works and Highways have been busy doing
widening and concreting works on right-of-ways on Maharlika highway. A new
6.5 kilometer by-pass road from Bgy.Caiba-an to Bgy. Tigbao is up for
completion within the next 9 years.
The Tacloban-Sta. Fe Diversion road concreting works is almost

complete.
3.4.7 Maritime Highway
Upon the urbanization of the northern development project, the San

Juanico strait could be utilized for maritime navigation for North barangay-
Central business route to augment the land based transportation.
3.4.8 Sanitation and Sewerage
The Clean Water Act of 2004 mandates highly urbanized local

government unit to establish a sewerage system within the next five (5) years
after the approval of RA 9275 as a mitigation effort relative to climate change.
3.5 Cancabato Central Business District
The Cancabato Central Business District is a planned City Extension,

which is a combined commercial, financial, trading and business hub, to rise
right in the midst of Cancabato Bay having an area of more or less 400

hectares. It is an answer to the congested old city of Tacloban that

mushroomed from the rubbles of World War II having gained the city status a
few more years after the liberation period bereft of the modern engineering
planning. The engineering intervention only catches up with its growth and
development.
However, this time, the Cancabato Central Business District is an

engineered and well-planned city extension that could be the business hub in
the region at par with premier cities. It is the future district of trade and
commerce, entertainment, and finance.

CHAPTER 4 LAND USE PLAN
Map 30. Proposed Land Use

The 2017-2025 Land Use Plan of Tacloban City is a climate and disaster risk
resilient plan utilizing as reference the two landmark environmental Philippine laws,
Climate Change Act of 2009, (RA 9729) and the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction
Management Act of 2010 (RA 10121) as a tool to a hazard-free land use plan.
Primarily, the main direction of this plan is geared towards ensuring the
harmonization of the four Land Use policy areas; settlement, production, protection
and infrastructure development and be safe from an unprecedented and extreme
disastrous event that may happen within the period 2017-2025 due to the irreversible
warming of the global atmosphere.
Secondly, having ensured of being safe and resilient, social and economic
progress is pushed to move on to attain prosperity in the principle of green growth
since a lot has to be done for the urbanization of the northern part of Tacloban and the
development of the portion of the Cancabato Bay into a bustling central business
district to complement the existing one.
The proposed Land Use of the City of Tacloban recognizes the primacy of the
National Framework for Physical Planning 2001-2030 and following its hierarchy, it is
likewise in harmony with the Regional Physical Framework Plan of Leyte-Samar-and
Biliran region as its next higher level of the hierarchy.
On conflicting uses, efforts had been made to narrow down to the least
contradicting and colliding interest of land uses among stakeholders and see to it that
the best reconciled interest, most harmonious and appropriate, progressive and safest
land use plan is favorably attained.
Challenging Tasks
The Land Use Plan for the year 2017-2025 covers the newly urbanized
settlement of around 3,000 hectares of higher ground terrain located in the northern
part of the city of Tacloban, 20 to 30 kilometers away from the existing central business
district.
As a result, the city government is faced with the obligation of providing the
social amenities of the new settlement communities, e.g. providing education, health,
social and transportation facilities, etc. which among them, the water supply system
for the new settlement is on top of the pressing immediate demand to be installed.

In answer to these challenges, the City Government is constrained to find ways

and means to generate funds by forging partnership agreements with third party
entities to explore the heavily silted, poor biodiversity and polluted portion of
Cancabato Bay which has potential to be converted into a bustling commercial district
in the region for development.
This provided the city government hope to generate enough internal funds to
finance the pressing “Super-typhoon Yolanda-related” social problem such as the lack
of water supply system for the new settlement in the north.
Table 61. Proposed Land Uses

4.1 Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation
In 2011, DOST-PAGASA published “Climate Change in the Philippines”

as a reference for long term spatial planning and medium term multi-sectoral
planning of local government units. The changes in climate for 2020 and 2050
were projected using the mid-range emission scenario (A1B) developed by the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The A1 scenarios
considered rapid economic growth, global population that rose to 9 billion then
gradually declines quick spread of new and efficient technologies, and
extensive social and cultural interactions worldwide. The A1B has a balanced
emphasis on all energy sources both fossil and non-fossil fuels. Based on the
climate projections, Tacloban City will be affected by 3 major climate change
drivers: increasing temperature, changes in rainfall in various seasons, and
increasing occurrences of extreme events in 2020 and 2050.
Table 62. Summary of Projected Climate Changes in Tacloban City
GENERAL
CHANGES SPECIFIC CHANGE
CLIMATE INFORMATION ABOUT
EXPECTED IN EXPECTED AND
VARIABLE PATTERNS OF CHANGE
CLIMATE REFERENCE PERIOD
VARIABLES
Tempera- Increase 0.9°C to 1.2°C by 2020 Slightly more warming in summer
ture and 1.8°C to 2.3 °C in (MAM) and in the JJA season.
2050 Days are becoming hotter
throughout the city.
Rainfall Seasonal Season 2020 Reduction during the summer and
increase/ 2025 Habagat seasons in 2020 and
decrease DJF +3.0% +9.4% 2050.Increase during Amihan
MAM -8.9% -18.9% season, but amount of rain
JJA +9.5% +19.6% expected to be lesser than the
SON +7.4% +19.5% Habagat and transition seasons.
Drier summer months. Wetter
amihan months
Extreme Increasing 1398 days exceeding Significant increase in the number
events number of hot 35°C in 2006-2035 of hot days expected in 2020 and
days (exceeding 2495 days exceeding 2050.
35°C) 35°C in 2036-2065
From observed baseline
of 52days

GENERAL
CHANGES SPECIFIC CHANGE
CLIMATE INFORMATION ABOUT
EXPECTED IN EXPECTED AND
VARIABLE PATTERNS OF CHANGE
CLIMATE REFERENCE PERIOD
VARIABLES
Heavy daily 10 days with rainfall More extreme daily rainfall
rainfall >150 >150 mm in 2020 expected (>150 mm) in 2020 but
mm increasing 15 days with rainfall more in 2050 compared to
in 2020 and >150 mm in 2050 baseline.
decreasing by From observed baseline
2050 of 1 day
Source: DOST, Region 8
The 2014 HLURB supplemental guidelines were followed in the Land

Use Planning exercise in mainstreaming climate change adaptation and risk
reduction.
The effect of the damages brought about by the super typhoon “Yolanda”
more specifically of the storm surge, guided this land use planning activity and
land use policy framing exercise to a projected wise use of lands resilient
against natural hazards and adapted to climate change. Should there be cases
that such use of lands even in the vulnerable areas is inevitable, mitigation
measure either structural or non-structure will be adopted to reduce risk to the
minimum, lessen the vulnerability, and prevent the loss of lives, damage to
properties and prevent disasters.
4.2 Proposed Land and Sea Uses
4.2.1 Land Uses
North Development (mixed-use Planned City Extension)
The 3,272 hectare area of land for north development, a planned city
extension of Tacloban city to include the carefully planned resettlement area,
commercial zone where economic activities start to catalyze, light industrial,
agri-industrial and the ecological system of the timber land area and its
infrastructure, is a challenge that the local executive will have to address

employing strategies for the attainment of a sustainable and equitable urban

development growth in the area.
Map 31. North Development Map
New Cancabato Central Business District (Planned City Extension 2)
This development initiative of the City Government of Tacloban will

require inflow of funds to finance a mega social infrastructure in the Planned
City Extension 1, particularly the establishment of the supply of potable water
system with a capacity of 22,500 cu.m. per day for a population of 150,000 at
a growing rate of 2.5% per annum and with an approximate cost of 4 to 6 billion
in Philippine pesos.
The planned city extension 2 development is a strategic move to

increase the resiliency of the urban lands against natural hazards through the
introduction of greenbelt infrastructure and engineering protection measure and

the tidal embankment of the DPWH. At the same time, funds must be raised for
the mega social project through realty development by converting the polluted,
dying and heavily silted portion of the Cancabato bay into a more economical
endeavor rather than being occupied by informal settlers which could anyway
contribute to the existing social problems of the city.
By the time the development of the new Cancabato CBD starts to take
off the ground and the development project is financially successful, the City
perhaps could decide to tap alternative financing institutions at a socialized rate
to bank roll for the water supply project that may possibly include the supply for
the planned city extension 2 using the latter as guarantee.
Physical Environmental Features
This refers to the type of land where different functional uses such as
residential, commercial, industrial area as well as agricultural activities will be
located. The residential, commercial and industrial areas need stable ground
in the average of 98 Kn bearing pressure in order to build safe and sound
structures.
On the agricultural land suitability issue, the productivity of the soil type
is an established factor to be considered. Likewise, whether an existing
agricultural land could be considered for urban use expansion would depend
on the kind of agricultural area if it is covered by A0 20 or if it is irrigated, irrigable
or with the firm funding commitment for irrigation facilities, which are considered
as non-negotiable for conversion. This is one of the constraints to urban use
expansion/development.
➢ Flooding Areas
Most of the existing urban use areas are affected by flooding. To

mitigate the problem, it is proposed to construct new storm water drainage and
flood control system. The elevation and land-use should guide future flood

control and drainage projects implemented with precision and sheer

functionality so as to address the perennial problem of flooding.
➢ Fault Lines
Tacloban City has no fault line based on the advisory of PHIVOLCS and
MGB. However, Tacloban City has two adjacent earthquake generators. One
is the Philippine Fault line, Leyte segment which is about 31.4 kilometers from
the western boundary line of Tacloban City. The other earthquake generator is
the Philippine Trench or the Pacific Trench which is part of the pacific ring of
fire, about 146.3 kilometers from the eastern coastal line of Tacloban City.
While it is of considerable distance, once an earthquake occurs triggered by
this fault line, it may cause tsunami and may reach the islands of Samar and
Leyte.
➢ Wind Direction
Anywhere in Tacloban, structures for residential, commercial or

industrial purposes are affected by the behavior of the extreme wind flow either
easterlies (“silangan”), Northeast monsoon (Amihan”) or the Southwest
monsoon (“habagat”) winds and during tropical cyclone season as the city of
Tacloban is the end of the funnel-shaped Leyte Gulf facing the Pacific Ocean.
Since Tacloban City is not a rice producing city, wind direction must be
considered if and when rice is planted. However, as climate changes,
adaptation measures must be instituted.
➢ Other Physical Limitations
Currently, flat lands, or those within the 0-3%, are now fully utilized.
Developers have the tendency to target hilly or rolling lands for residential
subdivision or housing projects.
By the time the flat land areas for residential are leveled off, housing
developers will have to resort to developing the mountain side of the land whose

slope is above +18%.The revised Forestry Law considers strongly steep slope
and hilly not suitable for housing project. It is therefore recommended to revert
these lands back as timber land areas.
➢ Existing and Future Activity Patterns
It was super typhoon “Yolanda” that forced the pattern of the North
Development growth of mixed type as the safe area for the future urban
development and not follow the existing growth pattern for residential instead.
The existing urban center in the downtown area of mixed residential-
commercial-institutional is being left to grow provided that it must be adaptive
to climate change and extreme weather patterns.
➢ Public sentiment on land use issues
The public is sensitive to land use classification issues which this update
considers. It is because the amendment of land uses triggers the increase of
real property assessments and taxes. It also alters opportunities and may
change the benefit of the location of land. As a result, the year 2016-2025 land
use updating will be open for public discussion during a public hearing to be
attended and represented by the cross-section of society or organizations, non-
government organization and private organization. This will be a venue for
every stakeholder to suggest amendments, raise issues and may oppose
changes before its adoption.
➢ Land Values
The value of a real property does not decrease but almost always
increases as the demand for the growing population requires more spaces for
living and production. The demand for the establishment of homes in the
danger areas of Barangays San Jose, Magallanes and Anibong may have
ceased for a while especially so that the land use policy in the proposed revision
has changed the classification of the areas to Eco-tourism.

In most cases, land valuation always go up to the advantage of the

property owners. Thus, land values are speculated to go high as update usually
follows the trend of economic growth.
➢ Aesthetic Factors
Since Land Use planning exercise involves arts and science, it is but
reasonable that aesthetic is being embedded as part of the factors being
considered to arrive at a good and functional Land Use Plan bereft of adverse
issues and critical public opinion. This is where excellent urban design is being
applied.
➢ Proposed Transportation Layouts
The Land use scheme that will be adopted must complement and satisfy
vehicular congestion-free transportation system. The adoption will result in a
smooth flow of vehicles. The provision of ancillary facilities for pedestrian is one
of the utmost considerations.
4.2.1.1 Commercial Use
The commercial zones is proposed to be an alternative space for

residences due to the limited residential areas provided that the corresponding
structures in the zone, with minimum height of two-storeys, is sturdy enough to
resist hazards of various forms.
The net commercial area for year 2017 to year 2025 is 379.13 hectares
mostly of prime residential land in the urban area reclassified into commercial
uses because of reasons of high vulnerability against natural hazards. Other
commercial areas expected to rise are the safe areas in the northern barangays
where close to 100,000 to 150,000 population will instantly populate because
of the relocation of more than 15,000 families from the danger zones in the
urban area.

The 379.13 hectares of commercial land area is equivalent to 228.63%

of the existing commercial land area computed to be 25.40% commercial
growth per annum in the basis of an assumed spatial development boom in the
next 9-year period.
The sudden expansion of the commercial area is attributed to the

mitigating policy that all areas in the urban center inundated by the storm surge
of “Yolanda” be reclassified as Commercial zones. However, commercial
structures can be allowed to become residential spaces provided it is beyond 1
storey in height built of reinforced concrete and structurally designed to resist
storm surge, typhoon, earthquake and tsunami hazard which plans,
specifications and structural computations are signed and sealed by a
Structural Engineer.
Therefore, the area that has significant rise is attributed primarily to

resiliency reasons while development growth comes secondary.
The following are the proposed areas to be designated as commercial

zones continuing the pattern of business growth nodes:
➢ The Abucay Bus Terminal and Public Market Area
The opening of the bus terminal saw the sprouting of new businesses
within its large area. This enforced the reclassification of certain areas in the
terminal’s vicinity from agricultural to commercial.
➢ Apitong-Caiba-an Commercial Growth Area
The opening of the two giant hardware stores in barangays Utap and
Apitong area along Maharlika highway influenced the reclassification of land
use as more commercial activities followed suit around the area.
➢ Sagkahan-Marasbaras Commercial Growth Area
The opening of Robinsons Place Mall in Marasbaras benefited the

surrounding residential areas in Sagkahan, Fatima, Marasbaras and part of

Bgy. San Jose as they become new commercial areas. The growth area,
which started in the Boy Scout junction going to the direction of Bgy. San
Jose, Bliss Sagkahan along diversion road, Marasbaras and from the main
point of Robinsons place about 100 meters radius, shall be amended to
commercial area from their original classifications of residential and
agricultural.
➢ Naga-Naga Nula-Tula Junction
In the north, specifically from junction of Naga-Naga going to the

direction of Tigbao, Utap along Maharlika road and Anibong along Naga-
Naga-Anibong road is a commercial growth node zoned as commercial area.
➢ Pocket Commercial Areas
Some areas in the north have been reclassified as commercial zone of

where micro businesses are located. Areas where similar important activities
are held such as during special occasions i.e. Barangay general assembly,
pulong-pulong, shall likewise be amended as commercial land area.
These commercial areas are carefully designed not only to afford

convenience and economy to local residents in the procurement of goods and
services they need but also to provide venue for employment to a substantial
portion of the labor force.
Table 63. Existing and Proposed Commercial Zone
COMMERCIAL LAND USE
PROPOSED EXISTING
COMMERCIAL
HA. SQ. KM HA. SQ.KM.
C1 544.90 5.4490 - -
C2 75.3180 0.7531 - -
C3 159.1836 1.5918 - -
TOTAL 779.4016 7.7940 505.30 5.0530

Map 32. Commercial Zone

4.2.1.2 Residential Area
The Resettlement Area (Socialized Housing Zone)
The pioneer locators of the Northern Barangay development dubbed as

north development are the socialized housing projects under the auspices of
the National Housing Authority. The nearest socialized housing project to the
CBD separated from the rest of the batch of socialized housing projects in the
north is the Salvacion heights in Barangay Salvacion.
All other NHA-led socialized housing projects are in Barangays

Cabalawan, Camansihay, San Isidro, New Kawayan, Sta. Elena and Tagpuro.
There are housing projects located in Brgy. Bagacay initiated by housing

cooperatives organized for the purpose. These housing projects adopt the self-
help approach with financial assistance through a loan extended by the Social
Housing Finance Corporation for land acquisition, site development works up
to the construction of the housing units.
There are also socialized housing projects being funded and

implemented by international non-government organizations. Two such
projects are the Community of Hope located at the foot of the mountain of
Palanog, and the housing project of CRS located in Brgy. Bagacay. In Bgy.
Diit, another project is developed employing the self-help housing approach
being assisted by the Roman Catholic Church.
Each of these projects encountered several problems with regards to

their location and the level of hazard vulnerability.
St. Francis Village, one of the housing projects initiated by NHA for
homeless survivors of Yolanda, is one such housing community which is mots
vulnerable to natural hazards.. The area is located at Bgy. San Isidro which
has an average elevation of only 2 mtrs above sea level and assessed to have
been inundated by the storm surge of super typhoon Yolanda.

Upon request of the developer, an inspection was conducted confirming

its location to be highly vulnerable to storm surge and Tsunami because of its
depressed topography. At the time of the inspection, site development works
was already ongoing and there exist already a contract entered into by and
between the National Housing Authority and the developers.
The identification of the safe areas of the northern barangays as the

planned city extension is based on the assessment about the area of being free
from the storm surge of the super typhoon “Yolanda” that inundated almost all
of the flat lands of the urban district of the city of Tacloban that excluded the
higher ground of the northern barangays. The inundation covers the depressed
and lower level of the northern barangays which are not part of north
development.

Map 33. Proposed Residential Areas

4.2.1.3 Agricultural Land Use
The proposed area to be designated as agricultural zone has an area of

1,598.92 hectares.
Table 64. Agricultural Zone Land Use
AGRICULTURAL LAND USE
LAND USE HA. SQ. KM.
Proposed 1,598.92 15.9892
Existing 1,881.03 18.8103
Net Area of 2017-2025 282.11 2.8211

Map 34. Proposed Agricultural Areas

4.2.1.4 Agri-Industrial Zone
The Agri-Industrial zone is targeted to be a processing center for agri-

based raw materials into finished products. It plays a vital role in the
urbanization of the north. It is identified as an area for making a living, thus
projected to partially provide employment to the 100,000 to 150,000 population
in the next nine (9) years. If successfully done, it will also lessen the problem
of crimes against properties and persons. It will provide additional income to
the city and increase the income of service providers for the supply of goods
and services.
The use of the land is purely intended for production which will benefit the
City of Tacloban if operational for the next 9 years. This is in terms of
employment-generation, micro-business enterprise expansion, construction-
contracting and increase of supply of goods and services.
With the urbanization of the Northern barangays, availability of human

resources by the locators is no issue as almost 100% of the population of about
100,000 to 150,000 individuals or even more have already gained education of
various disciplines e.g. computer literacy or trainings for office, laboratory and
administrative, finance or technical work.
There is a big chance of a realization of the development of the PEZA

accredited industrial zone, as the nagging problem of water supply may be
solved because of a captured and potential market of 100,000 water consuming
public in addition to the industrial zone locators. The sudden increase in water
consumers will favorably influence prospective water service provider,
developer and operator to make an investment.
The problem of water supply haunted the past two (2) administrations as
it is a reason for shelving EVRGC’s development.
The local chief executive may designate a progressive and positive-

minded point person to oversee the development of the medium industrial zone
in the north taking into consideration the following:

a) The problem of water supply as of the present, both for domestic use
and for the demand of the industrial zone, will draw more investor/s and
active players in the water industry as compared to the previous scenario
because of the presence of a captive market. Just take cognizant of the
existing PEZA-accredited Mactan Export Processing Zone in Mactan,
Cebu which completely imports the entire volume of water supply needs
from mainland Cebu yet operates smoothly, successfully and profitably.
b) The designated point person to oversee the development of medium

industrial zone shall open the horizon of opportunities as provided in
Republic Act 6957, as amended by RA 7718, a law that allows LGU to
engage directly with the private sector in the financing, operation or both
of development project under BOT, BTO, BLT, BOO, BT capsulated
schemes, among others.
c) The designated point person shall replicate the good practices of

operational peza-accredited industrial zones in Baguio, provinces of
Cavite, Laguna, Bataan and the island of Mactan in the province of
Cebu.
d) There is so much opportunity for Tacloban City if the issue on the

availability of abundant and could be cheap supply of power and water
is addressed. The problem that is left undone is the provision of
infrastructure for the industrial zone which can be remedied through
Build-Transfer-Operate scheme under RA 7718.
Table 65. Proposed and Existing Agri-Industrial Zone
AGRI-INDUSTRIAL LAND USE

LAND USE HA. SQ.KM.
Proposed 27.72 .2772
Existing 179.37 1.7937
Net Area for 2017-2025 151.65 1.5165

Map 35. Proposed Agri-Industrial Areas

4.2.1.5 Light Industrial Zone
Another potential income-generating source is the proposed Light

Industrial areas located in the north development site just beside the Agri-
industrial area. The biggest in terms of area and the only proposed Light
Industrial site, it is expected that once occupied and operated by locators, it will
create opportunities for employment, micro-industries and demand for support
services with positive impact on the local economy. There are however two (2)
existing Light industrial zones being retained for the next planning period which
are located in Bgy. Anibong, where the depot of products of different players in
the petroleum industry had been in operation up to the present, and in the
Fatima Junction where the Coca-Cola Plant is.
Table 66. Proposed and Existing Light-Industrial Land Use
LIGHT-INDUSTRIAL LAND USE
LAND USE HA. SQ. KM.
Existing 74.92 .7492
Net Area for 2017-2025

Map 36. Proposed Light Industrial Areas

4.2.1.6 Solid Waste Management
The 3-hectare proposed solid waste facility dubbed as Well-Engineered

Sanitary Landfill is located 2.3 km from the national highway in Bgy. Diit and
sits in the sloping mountain and watershed area, classified as Timber Land,
partly occupying the protected forest and mainly occupying production forest in
Bgy. San Roque. Its downstream is the Tigbao River, one of the biggest and
active river in the city, which could be its immediate victim, in case of a slight
failure of a mitigating measure, if any. By gravitational law, an accidental
seepage due to failure of detailed engineering design and or failure of
construction may cause leachate to create ecological disaster in unimaginable
proportions of polluting the downstream Tigbao river killing in the process the
aquatic life, destroying the biotic system and losing forever its beneficial uses.
By observation during the inspection visit to appreciate the critical facility,

it appeared that its location is in the critical slope and within the recharge of
aquifers.
By being located in a timber land area, its location may fall in a Critical
Project Area per ECA category of Presidential Decree no. 2146 of 1981.
Likewise, Section 69, Chapter IV PD 705 of the revised Forestry Reform Code
of the Philippines, prohibits the occupation of timber land area. Occupying a
declared timber land is considered a criminal offense upon court conviction.
Even then, it seemed there exists a potential danger of environmental disaster
during operation when specifications are not strictly followed. Once leakage of
leachate happens, the ecosystem of the Tigbao River will be in great danger.
The biodiversity that depends on the Tigbao River will also die.
Lastly, being in the Timber Land and partly occupying the protected
forest and fully occupying the production forest, the operation, occupation and
management of the critical facility will mostly endanger the biodiversity of the
forest. As a suggestion, it is strongly advised to relocate and transfer said
critical facility on the other side of the same mountain within the administrative
boundary of the city of Tacloban and in a manageable slope within the alienable
and disposable area of Barangay Paglaum.

Table 67. Proposed and Existing Sanitary Landfill
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
LAND USE LOCATION HA. SQ.KM.
Proposed Bgy. San Roque 5 .03
Existing Bgy. Sto. Niño 4 .04
Net Area for 2017-2025 1.00 0.01

Map 37. Proposed and Existing Sanitary Landfill

4.2.1.7 Slaughterhouse
The existing slaughter house, a critical facility operated by the City

Government, is located at the edge of the San Juanico Strait and is highly
vulnerable to both storm surge and Tsunami. It was totally damaged by
“Yolanda” in November of 2013.
Table 68. Existing and Proposed Slaughterhouse Facility
SLAUGHTERHOUSE FACILITY
LAND USE LOCATION HA.
Proposed (AAA) Brgy. Salvacion 0.9098
Existing Brgy. Diit 2.89
As a mitigation measure, it is suggested that the proposed

slaughterhouse facility shall construct and maintain the following:
➢ A waste water treatment plant facility shall be established, operated

and maintained to ensure that the industrial waste water discharged
from the slaughterhouse shall be treated and only clean water shall
be discharged unto the Balugo River in compliance with the provision
of RA 9275, otherwise known as the Clean Water Act of 2004.
➢ A separate Sewage Treatment facility shall be constructed,

maintained and operated by the city within the site to ensure that
effluents, septage and sludge from the operation of the
slaughterhouse shall be separately treated before its reuse for
agricultural purposes.
➢ A Flood control structure shall be constructed along the length of the

property that adjoins Balugo River.
➢ A Retaining wall structure shall be constructed along the length of the

property that is sloping to prevent the possibility of landslides
happening in the facility in the future.

It is further suggested that the following activities shall be conducted and

complied before its operations:
➢ Construction of an access road from the diversion highway going to

the facility, which shall be defined and delineated, and its subdivision
survey approved;
➢ The Land use of the proposed site shall be reclassified from

agricultural zone to agri-industrial.
➢ Allow an access road to pass and traverse the property going to the
direction of the Balugo falls.
➢ Site should be at least two hundred (200) meters radial distance

away from residential areas, schools, churches and other places of
public assembly, funeral establishments, assembly courts or public
offices and at least twenty five (25) meters radial distance away from
markets and other similar establishments.
➢ Site is not adjacent to public markets;
➢ Site is at least ten (10) meters away from banks of rivers, streams or
lakes;
➢ Accessible to transportation;
➢ Free from flooding.
(Based on HLURB Resolution No. 925, series of 2015)

Map 38. Proposed and Existing Slaughterhouse

4.2.1.8 Cemetery
North Cemetery
The existing public cemetery located at Bgy. Basper has no room for
expansion for a long time. All of its vacant spaces intended for the underground
and tiered tombs have already been utilized. Because of the cemetery’s limited
space, the recycling of old tombs is not sufficient to cater even at the normal
mortality rate. Since there are no more spaces left and with no other public
cemetery in operation, low-income earning families opted to bury their dead by
appropriating the non-burial spaces such as concrete roads of the cemetery,
the road easements, the spaces in the Libingan ng mga Bayani and all other
spaces not intended for burying the dead bodies.
The proposed 29.67 hectares public cemetery located at Bgy.

Cabalawan may answer the demand for more graveyard spaces extending the
9 year planning period. Considering its area which is quite big, it can
perpetually be able to recycle tombs and graveyards without getting choked
with the problems of disposing dead bodies
.
South Cemetery
Over a decade ago, the public cemetery located in the Sagkahan area
was closed down upon the opening of the Public Cemetery in Barangay Basper.
The closed cemetery has since been reclassified as Parks and Open Space
pending further study as to what kind of urban renewal shall be introduced.
Since three (3) entities operate the cemetery, the remaining operators; the
Diocese of Palo and the Quintero family continued to accept burial activities. It
could be because of the non-availability of burial spaces in the public cemetery
in Bgy. Basper.

Table 69. Proposed and Existing Cemeteries
CEMETERY
LAND USE HA. SQ.KM
Net Area for 2017-2025 9.67 .0967

Map 39. Proposed and Existing Cemeteries

4.2.1.9 Tourism
The city of Tacloban lags behind in the tourism industry as compared to

the city of Tagbilaran, which is a neighboring island. In the city of Tagbilaran,
very evident of tourist’s presence are fast craft coming from Cebu City bound
for the city ferrying mostly Asian, Caucasian and Europian tourists.
The vast properties fronting San Pedro bay has the biggest land area
reclassified for infrastructure protection and momentarily could be utilized for
tourism purposes.
Table 70. Existing and Proposed Tourism Zone
TOURISM ZONE
LAND USE HA. SQ.KM.
Proposed 212.82 2.1282
Net Area for 2017-2025 (140 ha.) (1.40)

Map 40. Proposed Tourism Areas

4.2.1.10 Parks and Open Spaces
The total land area for the proposed parks and open spaces is 272.79
hectares which is a 3,239% increase from the existing 6.57 hectares or a total
increase in area of 206.25 hectares in the previous plan (Please see Map
showing Parks and Open Spaces).
This goes to show that the area of parks and open spaces intended for
rest and recreation, special events, and diversion is fully provided for even more
than the required space vis-à-vis the standard for the year 2016-2025 revision.
While the projected population is 302,542 for the year 2025, in addition
to the increasing population during special occasions, where influx of visitors,
domestic tourists, Balikbayan and officials in the national government may be
around to join the festivities, the allotted spaces for parks and open spaces,
although in different location, can still accommodate such big events.
The sudden increase of the Parks and Open Spaces is attributable to

the proposed North Development where a big slice of the vast tract of the area
is reclassified from agricultural zone to Parks and Open spaces in anticipation
of the surge of settlement and the operations of industries.
Table 71. Existing and Proposed Parks and Open Spaces
PARKS AND OPEN SPACES
LAND USE HA. SQ.KM.
Proposed 337.90 3.3790
Net Area for 2017-2025 298.92 2.9892

Map 41. Proposed Parks and Recreation Areas

4.2.1.1 Utilities, Transportation Network and Services

This area provides a vital link between and among the different land use
areas as well as support the activities for living and those for making a living.
Table 72. Existing Transport and Utilities
TRANSPORT UTILITIES
AIRPORT LAND TRANSPORT TRANSPORT
LAND USE PLAN BUS JEEP ROAD & UTILITY
AIRPORT & AREAS
TERMINAL TERMINAL TRANSPORT
FACILITY
FACILITY FACILITY NETWORK
Year 2017-2025 98.49 35.26 1.88 350.00 485.63
Existing 50.00 6.00 163.29 219.29
A. Airport Facility
There is an ongoing development of the DZR airport which will elevate

the airport’s standard to an international one with its facilities adapted to climate
change and extreme weather conditions. The plans and programs are being
prepared by the Department of Transportation.
B. Bus Terminal
A north bound bus terminal located at Bgy. Abucay will serve the buses
and jeepneys plying the north route while the south bus terminal in Bgy.
Marasbaras will cater to buses and jeepneys plying to and from the southern
portion of the city of Tacloban as well as the neighboring municipalities and
cities.
C. Road Transport Network
Few months after the onslaught of Yolanda, a 4 lane-8”thk and 30 meter

wide concrete by-pass road, 6.5 kilometers in length has been constructed
starting from Bgy. Caiba-an passing along the foot of the mountain and Naga-
Naga and exiting to Bgy. Tigbao. This road will play a vital role of easing the
vehicular traffic along the Maharlika highway at the designated road segment
and add up to the road network of the city.

South and north bound passenger/cargo vehicle may use the by-pass
road thereby easing traffic congestion of vehicles along the stretch.
Along Apitong road starting from Maharlika highway, construction

activities have been ongoing implemented by the national government to
improve the road network into a 4-lane highway with concrete sidewalk. The
main purpose of which is for the smooth flow of the vehicular traffic along the
line.
The completion of the infrastructure projects will be within the projected

planning period of 9 years up to year 2025.

Map 42. Buffer/ Greenbelt Land Use

Map 43. Proposed Transport Utilities

4.2.1.2 Timber Land (Public Domain and Protected Area)
Per assessment of the Environment and Natural Resources Office of the

City of Tacloban on the City’s forest ecosystem, it has been found out to have
been in the state of degradation by reason of various causes and is at a certain
critical level. The protection of the ecosystem is crucial as it is one of our most
important natural biodiversity that contributes to the mitigation of global
warming and offers fresh air, cool and balanced nature for the city’s polluted
atmosphere. Although under the national government’s jurisdiction, the city
government, through the city ENRO, co-manages the forest land which is long
under threat of degradation so much so with the presence of the informal
settlers.
The delineation of the timberland was based on an official data courtesy

of DENR Regional office 8 through Engr. Dioleta Vilas, the chief of the Control
Surveys Division while the basis for the delineation of the production area was
based on the data provided by City Environment and Natural Resources Office.
Table 73. Existing and Proposed Timber Land
TIMBER LAND
LAND USE HA. SQ.KM.
Proposed 3903.58 39.0358
Protection 1993.47 19.9347
Production 1910.11 19.1011
Existing 3903.58 39.0358

Map 44. Timber Land

4.2.2 Water Uses
Table 74. Water Uses
WATER USES
LAND USE ECO- SUB-
PLAN PIERS/ FISH MARINE RIVER TOURISM TOTAL
MARICULTURE NAVIGATION
PORTS PORT TRANSPORT NETWORK CANCABATO
BAY
2017-2025 45 20 45 400 77.58 382.62 8,705.80 9,676.00
Existing 15 15 200 77.58
4.2.2.1 Creeks and Rivers
There are 17 major and natural water drainage system of the city of
Tacloban. Three (3) of these rivers namely Mangon-bangon, Tanghas-Lirang,
and Mahayahay rivers, criss-cross the urban landscape of the city.
The remaining 13 major and natural water ways are located up north of
the City crossing the Maharlika highway and national road going to the
municipality of Babatngon.
The last major and natural waterway is the Burayan River which starts
in the Caiba-an-Calanipawan–Marasbaras area and eventually ending in the
location of Burayan in San Jose where it outflows to Cancabato Bay.

Map 45. Water Uses

Perennial Flood Problem
The Department of Public Works and Highways has been criticized for
the flood problem that occurred every time torrential rains poured for an hour or
less on the watershed area of Nula-tula . In less than an hour, the cascading
rains enter the narrow storm water drainage and flash floods the downstream
rendering the Nula-tula segment of the Maharlika highway impassable to
motorist of various kinds.
Turbulent rain waters flash flood the highway at more than knee deep
level or even higher that renders the road segment impassable to any vehicle.
The scene is very dangerous even to heavy vehicles because of the threat of
overturning.
There is no scientific approach and technical study for the solution being
conducted on this flooding problem. Year end and year out, an improvement
activity has been conducted by this office aimed at providing solution to the
flooding problem.
Recommendations:
1. Widen and deepen the channel of the existing storm drainage canal
to about triple and double the measurement, respectively starting
from the upper Nula-tula area where the RCDG bridge was
constructed up to the outflow in San Juanico strait;
2. Re-align the river by appropriating private properties that will be

affected with the new river route;
3. Construct a two span RCDG bridge or construct a bridge with a

measurement more than the existing RCDG bridge in upper stream
in Barangay Upper Nula –tula.

All of these rivers play vital roles in the respective communities where
they flow. The creeks not specifically mentioned are being accounted for being
part in both the Timber land areas.
Detailed information of these rivers, will be shown in the following tables.
Table 75. Burayan River
Table 76. Mahayahay River
Table 77. Kanpayapay River

Table 79. Tanghas- Lirang River
Table 78. Abucay River 2

Table 81. Nula-Tula River
Table 80. Naga-Naga River
Table 82. Bagacay River

Table 84. Tigbao River
Table 83. Abucay River 1
Table 85. Diit River
Table 86. Baruguan River 2

Table 88. Suhi River 1
Table 87. Suhi River 2
Table 89. Sta. Elena River 1
Table 90. Sta. Elena River 2

4.2.2.2 Sea Water Use
San Juanico Strait

The San Juanico Strait is 4,377.92 hectares of sea water that divides the
island of Leyte and Samar. The San Juanico Bridge is the only permanent
man-made structure that links the two island. The Tacloban side of the strait
is declared as Mariculture Zone through an Ordinance. The Strait has also
other uses which include the following: navigation, fishing, leisure and fish
culture of chosen specie.
Anibong Bay
This bay has an area of 489.99 hectares and is bounded by Barangays
Naga-Naga, Anibong and Nula-tula. This is where the cargo petroleum is
unloaded from the bay to the depot of several petroleum companies.
Panalaron Bay
The Panalaron Bay is 328.10 hectares in area. The Tacloban seaport
and fish port are located along this bay. The Philippine Ports Authority operates
the seaport for cargo and ferrying interisland passenger. The fish port operated
by the Philippine Fisheries Development authority is located just beside the
Tacloban Public Market area.
Samar-bound small motorized bancas utilize Panalaron bay as its

mooring facility just within the Public Market shoreline.
Cancabato Bay
The Cancabato Bay is a 562.26 hectares bay. Because of siltation,
pollution and dying marine bio-diversity in the bay, it is envisioned that 400 ha.
of the bay will be converted into a new central business district and the
remaining 162.26 hectares will remain as a fish sanctuary area.
San Pedro Bay

The 3,801 hectare San Pedro bay is facing Leyte Gulf and is being
shared by the Municipality of Palo in the south. The City’s Sangguniang

Panlungsod passed an Ordinance declaring 50 hectares of the bay as Fish

Sanctuary which is located in the vicinity of the Diu Island.
4.2.2.3 Seaport and Utilities
The water portion of the port of the Philippine Ports Authority, located in
its existing facility at the tip of the central business with an area of 45 hectares,
is used for seaport. The area is sufficient for the port operations of the city.
4.2.2.4 Conflicting Issues
The harmonization of the parcels and road network map is a confusing issue
which the City would like to address. If an overlay is conducted into the precise
Land Use Map, it will result to parcels of lands and road network map not in the
exact geographic position making the regulation of Zoning Ordinance quite
difficult to implement. The underlying reason is that the Land Use Map was
carefully digitized in the accurate geographic position by the existing City
Planning and Development Office staff, whereas, the Parcels Map was a
shared shape file from the City Assessor’s Office which was a product of heads-
up digitizing method that is not acceptable in any cartographic standard.
Both Parcels Map and Road Network Map, considered among the CPDO’S
map holdings, are technically called paper map which are characterized as non-
dynamic, non-integrateable, cannot be geo-reference, unprogressive and non-
reliable and therefore cannot accommodate edition and addition.
Because of the unavailability of these maps from other sources and creating
an accurate one will take some time, requires budget and a complement of
trained personnel, the team was forced to use these Parcels Map and Road
Network Map to be incorporated to the Land Use Plan even if it is not in
harmony.

4.2.2.5 Protection
River Easement
Area of34.75 hectares, have been allocated for river easement to protect
banks of rivers with a width of 3 meters measured from the riverbank. This tiny
area of a strip is strictly non-buildable and non-alienable and to be kept open
anytime.
This strip of land will likewise be used for maintenance purposes during
desilting, de-clogging and the construction of river dikes, walls and riprap.
This public easement is defined in the revised Forestry Code (PD 705)
and Philippine water code (PD 1067).
Table 91. Existing Land Protection Area
LAND PROTECTION
TOTAL
LAND USE PLAN
RIVER CULTURAL SALVAGE PROTECTION
NIPAS
EASEMENT HERITAGE ZONES
Year 2017-2025 34.7528 - - 216.59 251.34
Existing 2016 34.7528 - - 216.59 254.34

% increase/
0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Decrease

Table 92. Summary of River Easements

4.2.2.6 Shoreline Embankment and Road Heightening Protection
From the unabated destruction of the natural disaster Yolanda which

caused the loss of thousands of lives and damage to properties, the lesson had
been learned to provide enough protection for the urban area as a good
intervention to mitigate similar events in the future.
Tide Embankment Alignment (Red Line)

Source: DPWH

Typical Cross Section of Road Heightening

Source: DPWH
The national government, with the assistance from the Japan

International Cooperation Agency (JICA), jointly conducted an assessment of
the damage done right after the onslaught of the storm surge. To prevent
similar gargantuan disaster of a similar cause, a structural measure of road
heightening and shoreline protection came into the design as a deterrent to
future disasters within the economic parameters.
Typical Cross Section of Tide Embankment

Source: DPWH

Cross-section Tide Embankment
The road heightening and shoreline embankment is a structure measure

designed to protect the urban area of the city of Tacloban against natural
hazards such as potential 4-6 meters height of raging storm surge and tsunami
including the turbulence of retreating water. It can reduce possible damages
that may be inflicted during such calamities.
Source: DPWH
Perspective of Tide Embankment
From a starting point in Payapay in San Jose District, coinciding with the
administrative boundary line along Tacloban-Palo, a 12 kilometer shoreline
embankment of 4.00 meters in height with a bicycle lane on top will be
constructed along the shoreline up to Magsaysay Boulevard. The shoreline
embankment corridor sliced a shoreline area of 5.25 hectares of land that cuts
and disturbs several privately-owned properties in the urban area, even in the
foreshore lands. The acquisition of right of ways will have to be done by the
DPWH as private lands may be occupied by the project.

Source: DPWH
Supertyphoon “Yolanda” Destruction
From the end of the shoreline protection in Magsaysay Boulevard starts

the 18.63 kilometers road heightening of 15.60 meters in width which winds up
to Bgy. Diit in the north. To keep away from the complexity of road right-of-way
acquisition, this road heightening sits on top of the existing Magsaysay
boulevard, Anibong road and Maharlika highway and utilizes an area of 14.04
hectares of road corridor.
Buffer Strip and Salvage Zone
A total of 216.59 hectares is designated as salvage zone with a width of

20 meters measured from the shoreline. It has a total length of 56.02 kilometers
which is intended to be non-buildable, non-alienable and to be kept open all the
time for public use in the event of an emergency, disaster and even for jovial
events.
This buffer strip is where the government builds protective measure by

constructing sea walls, retaining walls or tidal flood control structure to keep the
settlement in the inland safe. It is being reserved as mandated under the Water
Code of the Philippines.

No person shall be allowed to stay in this zone longer than what is

necessary for recreation, navigation, floatage, fishing or salvage or to build
structures of any kind.
This public easement is likewise contained in the revised Forestry Code

(PD 705) and Article 51 of the Water Code of the Philippines (PD 1067) and the
Civil Code of the Philippines.
4.2.2.7 Mangrove
The Mangrove forest of 190 hectares is a highly protected area and part
of the timber land, a land of public domain.
Table 93. Existing Mangrove Area
MANGROVE
LAND USE HA. SQ.KM.
For rehabilitation 190 1.9
Existing 190.00 1.9
Net area for 2017-2025 0.00 0.00
All of the 190 hectares of mangrove areas need rehabilitation as the

entire area has been devastated by Yolanda. Activities will include re-
plantation, cleaning up of debris, clearing up of informal settlers and others.
4.3 Land and Water Use Policies
This Land and Water use policy covers the land use protection, buffer
and production zones.

A. Protection Policy
A.1. Coastal and Municipal Water Use Policy
The water use policy covers water bodies which include; bays, straits,
sea, rivers, creeks, lakes and the like. It is guided with the following applicable
laws, relevant administrative guidelines and others.
National
➢ RA 8550-Revised Philippine Fisheries Code
➢ RA 8435-AFMA Law-Agricultural Fisheries and Modernization Act
➢ RA 9003-Ecological Solid Waste Management Act, PD 1076-Water
Code of the Philippines,
➢ RA 9275- Philippine Clean Water Act
Enabling Ordinances
➢ City Ordinance Nos. 2003-8-139, Declaring Water Vicinity of Dio
Island with a 50 ha. as Fish Sanctuary
➢ City Ordinance 2003-8-138, Declaring Cancabato Bay as Marine
Protected and Fishery Reservation Area;
➢ City Ordinance No.2005-9-66, Declaring identified areas along San
Juanico strait as Mariculture Zone
A.2 Rivers and Creeks (man-made or natural)
➢ The whole stretch of the legal easement on both sides of rivers and
or creeks shall be free from obstruction of any kind;
➢ No throwing and disposing of solid wastes and untreated waste
water, solid waste of any kind, form and substance directly to the
river.
➢ The river bed shall be widened enough to have continuous draining
of waste water;
➢ There shall be an access road on both sides of the completely
cleared easement from obstruction to keep informal settlers from
occupation of the space and allow the periodic maintenance work to

take place either by administration or through a third party service

provider;
➢ A river protection measure on the urban area shall be provided along
both sides of the river with a combined grey and green infrastructure
at certain sensitive and critical river sections and side.
➢ A river protection measure on the rural area shall be provided with a
green infrastructure as a measure of river bank protection from
erosion.
A.3. Cancabato Bay - A fish prawn and sanctuary area;
➢ There shall be no commercial fishing allowed all throughout the

year except for fishing using hook and line only;
➢ Throwing and disposing of solid wastes and untreated waste water
solid waste is strictly prohibited;
➢ The easement and salvage zone shall be free from obstructions
(informal settlers) of any kind;
➢ Provision of shore protection with grey and green infrastructure
combined along the inland coastal zone or salvage zone;
➢ Fish pawning and culture activity is encouraged;
➢ The salvage zone shall be free from any obstruction, occupation and
or settlement of any kind even temporary in nature.
A.4 San Juanico Strait
➢ The whole stretch of San Juanico strait is a mariculture zone;

➢ A maritime commercial route is allowed subject to other existing
laws, regulations, circulars relative thereto.

A.5 San Pedro Bay

Municipal fishing (below 3 tons) is allowed on the municipal water
within the territorial jurisdiction of the city of Tacloban subject to the
existing laws and regulations;
A.6 Prime Agricultural Land

For agricultural lands considered as prime agricultural areas
planted with prime crops including existing rural irrigated rice land and
high demand crops classified as agricultural protection zone,
reclassification into other land uses is strictly prohibited.
A.7 Timber Land
Protection sub zone
The timber land use policy is guided with the following national
laws, namely: PD 705-Revised Forestry code, Commonwealth Act 141-
the Public Land Act, PD 1076-Water code of the Philippines and DENR
administrative releases.
There shall be absolute no development to be introduced to

timber land classified as sub-protection zone. There shall be no allowed
settlement on Forest protection sub zone. Any activities like farming,
gathering, picking, harvesting, cutting forest products and hunting of
wildlife, or any activities that will alter, change its form, disturb and
threaten the bio-diversity’s status quo and the ecosystem existence of
the flora and fauna, is strictly prohibited.
In areas of timber land having a slope of 50% or more, an

elevation of 1,000 meters or more, virgin or close canopy forest or
mangrove forest, within the critical watershed areas and critical geo-
hazard high risk areas, it shall be zoned as Forest Protection zone.

Map 46. Prime Agricultural Land

Production sub zone
The following activities, with the permission of the City Planning

and Development Coordinator, may be allowed and limited only to the
following:
➢ Industrial Forest Plantation and full production of tree plantation
development, fruit orchard, pasture, agro forestry development, agricultural
incorporating soil and water conservation measure, tourism and recreation,
herbal plantation and such other related activities;
➢ Special use such as: development of energy sources, electric power lines,
telecommunication facilities and research development.
A.8 Parks and Recreation Zone

There is a need for Urban renewal and redevelopment of Parks
and Open space. With a vision of the city’s urban green growth and
being a carbon sink city, it shall be vegetated with green infrastructure
rather than grey infrastructure in order to prevent environmental
degradation while economic growth continue to progress.
B) Buffer Protection Policy (No build zones and expanded on rivers and
creek easements)
There shall be an established marker within the 40 meter-wide No build

Zone or Green Belt Infrastructure and Protection zone along the shoreline of
the city of Tacloban starting from the southern tip of Payapay in Manlurip, San
Jose up to the Northern most tip in Bgy. Tagpuro.
This policy is guided with the Republic Act 8550 otherwise known as the
Philippine Fisheries code of 1998, Water code of the Philippines and Philippine
Water Act OF 2004 , RA 9275, Climate Change Act of 2009-RA 9729 and RA
10021-The Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction Act
In accordance to section 14 of the RA 9729, otherwise known as the

Climate Change Act of 2009, as a mitigation and adaptation policy, a 40 meter-
wide space reckoned from the foreshore line going inland along the coastline

of Tacloban City starting from Payapay are in San Jose and going up to Bgy.
Tagpuro in the north with the location highly susceptible to Storm Surge and
Tsunami, is hereby declared a 40 meter NO BUILDING ZONE or a Greenbelt
and Protection zone.
A 3-meter wide easement reckoned from the bank on all creeks and
rivers in the urban area of the city of Tacloban shall be cleared from illegal
structures.
C) Production Land Use Policy
C.1 Central Business District
➢ The existing central business district of the city of the Tacloban is a

prime attraction for both domestic and foreign tourists. It is where
convergence of people from all walks of life happen. It is the center
of trade, commerce, health facilities, education and many others.
Almost all of its facilities are run by the private sector. As such, all of
these facilities shall be of world-class standard, or to say the least,
must be of standards set by government institutions.
- Accommodation facilities and its hotel staff must maintain

world class standards in its operations;
- Transportation facilities must be clean, efficient and
operated by honest drivers;
- Commercial establishments offering goods and services
must be client-friendly and shall extend utmost courtesy
and assistance to consumers;
➢ The central business district shall be traffic-free, pollution-free and

pedestrian-friendly at all times and compliant to the provisions
provided for in the Persons with disability law. Likewise, it must be
responsive and sensitive to gender and senior citizen issues.

➢ All amenities and ancillary facilities, as hereunder enumerated,

among others in the central business shall be provided and
established to promote an orderly city.
- Putting up of complete ancillary facilities ;

- Conduct continued IEC for pedestrians for the appropriate
use of ancillary facilities as a mode to attain a traffic-free
CBD;
- Mandatory requirement of basement parking for buildings
applying for Locational clearance and building permits
especially commercial buildings;
- Identifying pay parking areas in the central business
district;
- Without private participation, government shall assign,
construct and manage vehicular parking facilities as a
measure towards a traffic-free City;
- Enforcing No Parking Zones on identified streets in the
central business districts.
➢ Since the Central Business District was completely inundated by the

storm surge of “Yolanda”, there is a need for a policy on
redevelopment and urban renewal program employing designs
resilient not only against storm surges but includes other hazards as
well.
➢ Lastly, to sustain economic growth without environment degradation,
a green growth principle shall be mainstreamed.
C.2 Growth Nodes

A resilient and compact land use plan for growth nodes shall be
strictly observed, monitored and managed to ensure the orderly and
optimized utilization of the limited land resource satisfying the needs of
the 9 year planning period and preserving the needs of the future
generation.

Commercial Growth Nodes shall be the following:

➢ Marasbaras Growth Node
Center of growth: Robinsons Place and immediate vicinities
Growth problem: Commercial development along the national road

will create vehicular traffic problem. The favored growth, a matter of
policy, shall be the utilization of the vast open area at the back of
Robinsons Place for the next 9 years.
Major road: Going South of Marasbaras, going north to Tacloban’s

central business district
Minor road: Going east several subdivision roads Going west

Greenville subdivision and V&G subdivisions
➢ Naga-Naga - Utap Growth Node
Center of growth: Naga-naga rotunda, PHHC, Tacloban City Homes

and vicinity or Abucay Bus Terminal
As a policy, the favored center of development shall start in the

Abucay bus terminal as traffic problem could be minimal and
manageable.
Major road: Going N Maharlika highway to San Juanico Bridge Going

S Maharlika highway to CBD
Minor road: PHHC subdivision, City Homes, Kassel City, BLISS Nula
tula, etc.
➢ San Jose Growth Node
Center of growth: The vicinity of the San Jose Rotunda, if economic

growth is possible, the policy could be for commercial establishments
to at least be 2 storey-high buildings.

Major road: Going east to airport National Road Going South thru
Manlurip Road to Municipality of Palo. Going W thru National road to
CBD.
Minor road: Urban center of San Jose, several subdivisions in the

nearby vicinities
➢ Sagkahan - Apitong - Caibaan Growth Node
Center of growth: Apitong Rotunda
As a matter of land use policy and to keep traffic away from the
rotunda, the favored growth shall be the open and vast area at the
back of IP gasoline station.
Major road: Going N via Maharlika road to CBD Going S via

Maharlika road to Bgy. Caibaan
Minor road: nearby vicinity subdivision Caibaan barangay road,

picas road, apitong road
C.3 Rural Barangay with Commercial Zone
There shall be commercial zones designated in each rural barangay in

the city of Tacloban having commercial activities (c-1), a low density
commercial zone appropriate to the need of the barangay.
Its maiden purpose is to promote equitable commercial activities in the

barangay level.
C.4 North Development, a planned city extension
➢ The city expansion in the northern barangay areas dubbed as “North

Dev”, which is located in safe zones and is a mixed-type of

development, must observe a comprehensive and hazard-free

development.
➢ The residential and commercial zones shall be located in areas safe

from five (5) meter storm surges as well as landslides. The landslide
threat will be based on a slope of 18% or more in accordance to the
Forestry Code of the Philippines.
➢ Level III potable water supply shall be provided to all socialized

housing units and the existing communities. This can either be
through existing water concession or with a new player in the water
service industry in the city.
- Development of water diversion and water impounding of
water surface;
- Development of water storage facility at source;
- Development of water treatment facility;
- Development of water transmission.
➢ It shall create sustainable employment opportunity to the newly

resettled community by catalyzing tourist, commercial and light
industrial development growth thru:
- Establishment of an Agro-industrial and light manufacturing
Technology Park with PEZA accreditation (150 hectares) in
the southern part of Bgy. Tagpuro, western side of Barangay
old Kawayan and parts of Bgy. New Kawayan.
- Establishment of Eco-tourism zones with TIEZA accreditation
along the San Juanico strait coast.
- Opening of commercial maritime route plying the CBD-Bgy.
Old Kawayan thru San Juanico strait route serving purposely
for the needs of the public.
- Establishment of docking facility in Bgy. Old Kawayan to
encourage investors.
- Establishment of fish landing facility in Bgy. Old Kawayan.

- Establishment of a new and separate road in Bgy. old

Kawayan to link the Tacloban-Babatngon highway.
➢ A carbon “sink” type of climate change compliant development

approach by establishing green infrastructure park along San
Juanico strait within the coastal zones as defined in RA 8550
otherwise known as the Fisheries code, along major roads and
arterial roads, along easements on rivers and creeks, along the
salvage zone.
➢ A storm water drainage and flood control system shall be established

to free the community of the usual flooding and sanitary and health
problems in the future.
➢ Establishment of a waste water treatment process system servicing

the outfall of existing residential and socialized housing project and
the outfall of all rivers and creeks man made or natural to ensure a
pollution-free San Juanico Strait.
➢ Both extreme sides of all road right of ways must be lined up with
trees as carbon dioxide absorbent, shade provider and atmosphere
cooling agent.
➢ Green arteries shall be established along creeks and rivers with 40

meter easements on each side. Parks shall also be established
within the new development taking advantage of the topography of
the terrain.
C.5 Residential and Socialized Land Uses
It is encouraged that the development intended for settlement in the city

of Tacloban shall be in the safe zones of the North Development areas as
identified in the CCV and DR assessment document. Therefore developers for
residential subdivision must be informed of the policy.

Only buildings with at least 2-storeys built with hazard resistant

construction and engineering works i.e reinforced concrete structure to be
shown in the required detailed engineering plans and its detailed structural
computations signed and sealed by a registered civil engineer, shall be allowed
to be constructed in areas classified as residential zones both in existing urban
districts and resettlement sites.
C.6 Socialized Housing Zones (References: RA 9729, RA 10021 and

RA 7279)
Partly in compliance to section 18 to 20 of Republic Act 7279, otherwise

known as UDHA law, all socialized housing zones are located in the planned
city extension of the northern barangays. The area where the existing and on-
going construction of socialized housing units are located as well its immediate
areas along its borders, are classified as socialized housing zones.
Redevelopment and urban renewal of existing socialized housing

projects located in Bgy. 88, San Jose into commercial development can be
allowed but structures must have a minimum of 2 storeys signed and sealed by
a competent engineer as a mitigation measure against disaster.
C.7 Agriculture Lands
Reclassification of land uses under production land use in agriculture

production zone into other land uses may be allowed up to 15% of its total land
agricultural area for the planning period provided that such lands are not
covered under the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program and such other
restrictions provided by memorandum circular 54, and section 20 of 9160,
subject to the approval of the HLURB.
C.8. Cultural and Heritage Site
This cultural and heritage policy is guided with RA 10066 otherwise

known as Heritage Zone and its implementing rules and regulations.

In accordance to section 15 of the same act, the designated and

Identified Heritage and Cultural zones are the following:
- Madonna of Japan along Magsaysay boulevard

- Price Mansion located at corner Sto. Niño streets and J.
Romualdez St.
- Redoña residence along T. Claudio street
- Leyte Provincial Capitol building and vicinities
- Tacloban City hall and vicinities
- Sto. Niño extension and vicinities
- Supertyphoon Yolanda Landmarks in Astrodome site and boat
wreckage in Anibong
No repair, renovation, alteration and or demolition of the above cultural

and heritage zones shall be done without the prior clearance from the City
Planning and Development Office.
The City Government of Tacloban shall have the rights to initiate a

renovation and or maintenance program to the said cultural and heritage zones
and appropriate corresponding budget in the pursuit of promotion, preservation
and prevention degradation in accordance to the purpose prescribed by law.
C.8 Infrastructure and Utilities Zone - Roads and Transport
➢ Junctions and Rotunda - To promote a traffic-free urban zone and

road safety, there is a need for the construction of Rotunda structure
on the corners of the following:
- At junction of Maharlika road and Rizal Avenue extension;

- At junction of By-pass road and Maharlika highway in Bgy.
Caibaan;
- At junction of by-pass road and Maharlika highway in Bgy.
Tigbao;
- At junction Tacloban-Babatngon and Tacloban-San Juanico
Bridge;

- At junction Apitong road and Maharlika highway
➢ Road Widening
The following roads need to be widened to the standard width to increase

road capacity vis-à-vis the volume of the vehicles in use:
- Kalipayan-Caibaan road. To be widened to a total road-right-

of-way width of 20 meters with a minimum carriage way of
6.50 meters consisting of two lanes, and 2.0 meters shoulder
each side and with curbs and gutter.
- Picas road. To be widened to a total road-right-of-way width

of 20 meters with a minimum carriage way of 6.50 meters
consisting of two lanes, and 2.0 meters shoulder each side
and with curbs and gutter.
- Mango Sagkahan to Diversion road. To be widened to a total

road-right-of-way width of 20 meters with a minimum carriage
way of 6.50 meters consisting of two lanes, and 2.0 meters
shoulder each side and with curbs and gutter.
C.9 Cemetery and Memorial Park
The establishment of a memorial park and cemetery in the southern area

of the city by private investor/s is hereby encouraged. The city government will
support the initiatives by way of reclassification of land appropriates for the
purpose on this area.
C.10 Landfill and Dumpsite
Any final site conducive for the said purpose, which is not within the
watershed area and does not adversely affect the environment especially the
water table of the community, will be supported with land use classification.

C.11 Informal Settlement
The urban area of the city of Tacloban having been inundated by the
storm surge of super typhoon Yolanda is prohibited with the occupation of
informal settlers including areas in danger zones, property belonging to the
government, on easements on rivers and creeks, right of ways of roads and
salvage zones.
4.4 Major Priority Development Programs
➢ Construction of Houses/Socialized Housing/ Permanent Dwelling Units.

(14,659 Housing units with total area of 176.98 has.)
➢ Construction of additional school buildings, classroom and other facilities
to fully support the education program. (655 Classroom) 3.8 has.
➢ Rehabilitation of waterlines and fittings.
- Scope of work:
- Watertanks installations and their accessories.
- Waterline re-installations
- Waterlines Fitting and their accessories
- Sanitary and their fittings
➢ Construction of warehouse/ storage area for medicines to be located at
Brgy 25.
➢ Construction of Sanitary Landfill, Brgy. 105, San Roque 5.0 Has.
➢ Construction of Evacuation Center/Multi-Purpose Bldgs. (Northern
Brgy./ 0.10 ha., Brgy. 107 Sta. Elena, Brgy. 91 Abucay, Brgy. 110 Utap,
Brgy. 77, Brgy. 87 San Jose and Brgy. 25.
➢ Construction of MangonbangonTanghas-Lirang, Naga-Naga Creek and
Burayan River drainage and flood control system 12.0 has.
➢ Construction and development of a Public Cemetery at Brgy. Manlurip
3.6 has, Brgy. 94-A Basper 3.75 has. andTac North 2.75 has.
➢ Redevelopment/Retrofitting of D.Z.R. Airport 100 ha. (Land Area)
➢ Construction of Sports and Recreational Facilities (Football Field, Lawn
Tennis Center, open Court Volleyball, Beach Volleyball Court,
Basketball Court and Chess Park).Tac. North 5.0 has.

➢ Coastal and Shore Line Development.

➢ Construction of Additional substations in Brgy. 93 and Tacloban North.
Lot donation from the LGU / Brgy.
➢ Construction of Police sub-station in New Kawayan, Tagpuro&
Downtown areas (0003 has). 100 sq.m per substation.
➢ Establishment of 33 DCs in strategic areas at Brgy. 97, 98, 105, 106,
101, 102, 108.
➢ Installation of Jetmatic Hand pump/local pipeline.
➢ Improvement of City Hospital.
➢ Rehab & Repair of existing Brgy. Halls & Basketball courts to become
resilient & can be used as evacuation centers.
➢ Installation of Fire Hydrants in strategic identified area.
➢ Construction of Concrete perimeter fence (411 Linear Meter)?
➢ Installation of 1 youth friendly space at Tac. North, Brgy 105, San Isidro,
near Health Center. Furnished Complete IEC.
➢ Establishment of Info Communication & Technology Training Center in
Brgy. 106 at an area of 200 sq.m.
➢ Establishment/Construction of CSWD district office in Tacloban North at
an area of 200 sq. m.
➢ Construction of Day Center for Senior Citizen area 500 sq. m.
➢ Coastal Resource Rehabilitation (Mangrove, Sea Grass & Corals).
- San Pedro Bay
- San Juanico
- Cancabato Bay
- San Pedro
- Anibong Bay
- San Juanico Strait
- From 69 (Anibong to Tagpuro)
- 88 (Kataisan)
- San Jose Area
➢ Construction of rainwater impounding dam/system. (3 has.) at Brgy. 107,
106, 105, 98, 100 and 103-A.
➢ Establishment of a demo farm with an area of 2 has.

➢ Establishment of multiplier farms & community-based feed mill at Brgy.

108 (2), 106 (2), 105 (2), 93(2), 100(2), 99(2), 102, 101, 94, 37-A, 94-A
and 103-A with an area of 14.5 has.
➢ Construction of “AAA” Slaughterhouse in Barangay 104 (1ha.)
➢ Reforestation/Rehabilitation in upland and Mangroves.
➢ Construction of Migration Information Center at Brgy. 25 w/ an area of
25 sq.m.
➢ Fisher folks settlement/ resettlement.
➢ Construction of Tenement-style housing in safe areas but close enough
to the sea to make livelihood accessible.
➢ Open public foreshore areas for fisher folks economic activities,
aquasilviculture or Costal Area Management
➢ Construction of Storage Facility (Meat, Chicken, Vegetables)
➢ Provision/Construction of permanent market space. (In various strategic
areas.)
➢ Construction of Tide Embankment 23.00 km.
➢ Construction of City Hall Building Complex (Kanhuraw Hill/0.9 ha.)
➢ Construction of City Engineer Gym, (CEO Compound/0.04 ha.)
➢ Construction of a Walk-In-Fire proof document vault for the City
Treasurer’s Office (0.05 ha.)
➢ Construction of 3,000 units 3-tierred tombs at Brgy. Basper Public
Cemetery (2.5 has.)
➢ Construction of L.T.O. Regional 8 Office, Brgy. Nula-tula, San Gerardo
Hgts. 0.250 ha.
➢ Balugo Falls Spring Development, Brgy. Salvacion, 3.0 has.
➢ Develop Waste Water Management (Sewage Treatment Plant) 3.0 ha.
➢ Construction and Expansion of all Health Centers / Station of 1.0
ha./Center.
➢ Construction of Fire Station bldg. at Northern Brgy. 0.5 ha.
➢ Construction of Police Station Bldg. at Northern Brgy. 0.5 ha.
➢ Construction of City Veterinary Office and Clinic 0.5 ha.
➢ Construction of a 1-Storey Office bldg. for persons w/ Disability 0.02 ha.

➢ Conversion of City Roads Classification into National Road (Old Road

and Magallanes Street).
➢ Construction of Sub-Lateral Roads at the Proposed Cancabato Bay
Commercial Districts (1.2 km. 0.12 has. 10.00 wide).
➢ Construction of Service Road parallel to coastal road going to San Jose
(6.0 ha. 6.00 KM. 10.00 Width).
➢ Establishment of several junctions. Islands, intersection and additional
road ancilliaries along major thoroughfares 2.0 ha.
➢ Establishment of boat and ferry station terminals in Brgy. Old Kawayan,
Cabalawan, Panalaron and Cancabato Bay Station 0.02 ha.
➢ Construction of a by-pass/ Freeway road 7.2 kms.
➢ Construction and reopening of Cadastral roads.
➢ Construction of roads to link all dead-ends (Cul-de-sac) subdivision.
➢ Roads 5 ha. 10.00 m. wide.
➢ Establishment of Brgy. Boundaries.
➢ Construction and Development of South Terminal, Marasbaras 2.5 has.
➢ Restoration Development and Maintenance of Cultural, Historical and
Yolanda Landmarks.
➢ Development of Tourism-Oriented ventures by utilizing Indigenous
Architectural forms reflecting the City’s Traditional Atmosphere.
➢ Improvement and Construction of a New Deck at brgy. 36, Serin, Calvary
Hill 0.02 ha.
➢ Construction of a 2-Storey City Tourism bldg. 0.5 ha

4.5 Potentials and Opportunities
➢ Historical Significance and Heritage Resources

- Balyuan Grounds (historical site for exchange of Sto. Niño with
Basey Samar)
- Leyte Provincial Capitol (seat of Commonwealth WWII)
- Joseph Price Mansion (where General MacArthur set up his
headquarters)
- Redoña Residence (home to Pres. Osmeña during World War II)
- Old Leyte Provincial Jail (which held prisoners of war during
WWII)
- Hotel Alejandro (which currently serves as WWII museum)
- Madonna of Japan (World War II memorial ) at City Hall Grounds
- Crucified Christ
- Calvary Hill
- Leyte and Samar History Museum (LVD or Divine Word University
grounds)
- Old store houses at the city port area
- Japanese pillboxes in Patio Victoria
- Existing Airport
- Increasing number of Malls, Banks, Hospital, and Health Center
with improved medical equipment
- Existing physical road network

CHAPTER 5 CLUP AND ZO IMPLEMENTATION

STRATEGY/ ARRANGEMENT
Information and Educational Campaign (IEC)
Without the cooperation of identified national agency/s whose function is

related to property regulation, among others, the implementation of the
approved CLUP could be in peril and its very purpose will come to naught.
Therefore, there is a need to invite the support of concerned national
government institution for cooperation, understanding and respect. The city
government shall immediately devise advocacy programs for the following:
i. Land Registration Authority. There is a need to inform this office of

the approved CLUP. It will affect the process of granting registration of real
properties in Tacloban City especially in subdivision project where LRA
entertains and processes application for subdivision and verification of survey
returns even without prior issuance of Development Permits from the
concerned LGU. With the approved CLUP, LRA shall be enjoined to respect
the process of land subdivision approval in accordance to the following laws,
rules and regulations: Sections 16, 20(c), 447(2)(vii), 458(2)(vii), 447(2)(ix),
447(a)(2)(vi), 458(a)(2)(vi), 444(b)(3)(vii, 455 (b)(3)(vii): ) of Republic Act 7160
as a requirement before any application to their office will be accepted.
In short, no transaction shall be entertained by LRA without the

development permit issued by the Local Government.
ii. Register of Deeds – Tacloban. The Office of the Register of Deeds

processes and issues transfer certificate of title for subdivision projects. It must
be noted that without the required Development Permit and Approved
Subdivision Plan issued by the City Mayor and the Sangguniang Panlungsod,
respectively, the office must not process the transfer of land titles even if it has
the approval of the Land Management Bureau.

iii. Land Management Bureau. There are rampant violations in the past
committed by the Land Management Bureau as regards the implementation of
the existing CLUP, which is either deliberate or through misinformation. A large
number of subdivision projects in Tacloban City do not have approved
subdivision plans and development permits issued by the City Mayor and yet
possess the approved Land surveys in violation to the provision of the CLUP
and to the detriment of the same. This is not only chaotic but confuses the public
as to the allowed use and such action puts in danger the user of such land if
such is located in a highly vulnerable and hazardous areas and using it for
productive purpose other than the required in the land use.
iv. The Building Official – Tacloban City LGU. There is still a need to
inform the building official and its personnel, assigned in the processing of
building permits and other relevant requirements, not to process applications
for building permits and relevant ones without prior clearance from CPDO.
v. Business Permits and Licensing Division – Tacloban LGU. The

City’s personnel in the business permits and licensing division shall likewise be
informed of the developments and provision of the CLUP. The latter is a very
useful reference prior to the granting of business permits since all of these
applicants for business permits are land based.
vi. City Assessor – Tacloban City LGU. The city Assessor and its
personnel processing the issuance of new tax declaration as required for the
issuance of transfer certificate of title, must be informed that for subdivision
projects, issuance of new tax declaration must require copy of the approved
development permit and the approved subdivision scheme as well as its
engineering detail which must be approved by the City Mayor.
vii. Bureau of Internal Revenue. The District Revenue Officer of the BIR
must be informed that any transaction that concerns payment of Capital Gains
Tax and other taxes relevant to the sale of subdivision property requires the
copy of the approved development permit issued by the City Mayor in

compliance with the provision of E.O. 72, and compliant with the CLUP of the
city.
viii. Home Development Mutual Fund (PAG-IBIG). There is a need to

make arrangements with the management of this office informing them that any
property utilized for loan application for construction of a housing unit, purchase
of lot, or both, must have an approved Development Permit with the City
Government of Tacloban for properties located in the city.
Without the support of the above offices, the approved CLUP and its
Zoning Ordinance will be useless, its primary purpose will be in jeopardy.
Permitting System
Locational Clearance & Zoning Certification issuance
For a systematic issuance of permits and a tampered-proof Land use

Plan, there is a need to automate the issuance of Locational clearance and
Zoning Certification by developing an application of GIS link Relational
Database management system which can issue tampered-proof Locational
clearance easily by any employee available.
Monitoring Plans and Strategies
“As-issued” Land Use Map layer
A separate layer map of Land Use “as-issued” shall be developed,

maintained, stored in a separate file in order to draw and study comparison vis-
vis Land Use Plan to determine gaps and trends on development for research,
analysis and statistical record purposes.
A monthly report shall be printed, filed and submitted to the City Planning
and Development Coordinator for the latter to be abreast of the ground situation
as reference for revalidation and revision.

Field Work Personnel
There is a need to hire field personnel to enforce the provision of the

issued Locational Clearance and Zoning Certification on the ground. Before
issuance of the said locational clearance, a pre field inspection shall be
necessary to determine if construction activity has started and violation of the
provision has already been committed.
If such thing has happened, corresponding corrections shall be imposed

and instruction to stop the on-going construction until after clearance shall be
issued.
There must be penalization measure to those applicant/s who have

committed violations on or before the issuance of the locational clearance.
Reconstruction of Parcel Layer Map
No better Comprehensive Land Use Plan can be realized in the absence

of a perfect parcel map.
The existing parcel layer map of the City Planning and Development
office is a map source not from the authority but from outside office within the
City Government of Tacloban. After series of test for overlay and geo-
referencing, it was found out that such layer map is not in harmony with all other
map layers. Further trials revealed that its eccentricity error is insurmountable,
unacceptable as it is out of geo-referencing standards, and irreconcilable with
other map layers which has exact geo-references.
In spite of these discoveries, the map is still being utilized temporarily for
planning purposes and implementation while a final parcel map layer is still
planned to be developed. The existing parcel layer map weaknesses are the
following:
➢ Non-dynamic Map;
➢ Full of inconsistencies,

➢ Unreliable, uneditable and unlayerable

➢ Chaotic and unreconcilable
➢ Distinctive and foreign to all other maps
➢ Non progressive map
➢ Eccentric Map
Therefore, being the most important, critical and working map layer
among all other maps utilized for both planning and implementation stages of
the land use planning exercise, there is an absolute need to reconstruct the
same in accordance to the cartographic standard using geographic information
system.

CHAPTER 6 MONITORING, REVIEW, AND

EVALUATION SYSTEM
In order to come up with a close monitoring of the Comprehensive Land

Use Plan 2016-2025, there is a need to:
A. Develop a new Parcel Maps geo-reference through Coordinate

Geometry replacing the existing parcel map;
B. Develop a GIS-operated Land Management System which shall

function, among others, the following:
1. Provide a GIS-based “as-built” and “as-constructed” Land

Use Plan and Zoning Map;
2. Provide a GIS-operated Land Use Database Management

system that can issue systematic issuance of Locational
clearance and zoning certification;
3. Provide a GIS-based periodic reporting system as to granted

and denied Locational clearances Land Use applications;
4. Allow the Multi-user operations of the issuance of GIS-

operated Land Use Database Management system;
5. Provide a comparative Land Use Plan and “as-issued” Land

Uses.
C. Allow the issuance of Certificate of Completion by the City Planning
and Development Office prior to the issuance of Certificate of
Occupancy by the Building Official;

D. Allow the conduct of inspection by the technical personnel of the City

Planning and Development Office prior to the issuance of Zoning
Certification for application for Business Permit.
E. Sought the successful cooperation of the following offices:
National Government:
1. Land Management System. Management of A & D lands,

Approval of Survey Plan
Needed cooperation: Advice

applicant for survey plan to Secure
Development Permit and or
Locational clearance prior to
processing of survey plan
2. Land Registration Authority. Approval of Survey Plan and

registration of properties.

applicant for property registration and
or survey plan approval to Secure
Development Permit and or
3. Register of Deeds. Registration of properties.

applicant for registration of property to
Secure Development Permit and or

4. Forest Management Bureau. Management of Timber Lands

and Management of Land
Classification and issuance of OCT of
lands through administrative
proceedings.
Needed cooperation: Allow a co-

management of timber land. For
application for OCT, advice applicant
to secure Locational clearance from
the LGU prior to the processing of
OCT application.
5. Department of Agriculture. Management of Agricultural

Lands and issuance of Certification
for lands no longer fit for agriculture
per memorandum circular 54.
Needed cooperation: Provide copy of

inventory of agricultural lands no
longer fit for agricultural undertaking.
6. Department of Agrarian Reform. Management of Lands

subject for Agrarian reforms and
issuance of titles through
administrative proceedings.
Needed cooperation: Provide copy of

inventory of agricultural lands under
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform
Program.

7. PAG-IBIG A government housing financing

institution.

applicant for house and lot or lot
financing to Secure Development
Permit and or Locational clearance
prior to processing of survey plan
8. Supreme Court Hears property registration for

Original Certificate of Title through
court proceedings.

petitioner for land registration to
secure Locational clearance with the
City Planning and Development
Office.
Local Government:
1. City Building Official Issuance of Building Permits, etc

.
applicant for Building Permit to secure
locational clearance with the City
Planning and Development Office
prior to the processing of the
application.
2. City Assessor’s office Issuance of Tax Declaration


applicant for issuance of Tax
Declaration to secure locational
clearance with the City Planning and
Development Office prior to the
processing of the application.

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TACLOBAN CITY COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN VOLUME I 2017-2025

The Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of Tacloban City is crafted in

City Planning and Development Office i

A. The Preliminary Pages

The preliminary pages shall include the foreword and executive

B. Brief Profile of the City

C. The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

This section shall contain the vision/mission statements of the city,

A. The Zoning Ordinance in text form, and the

Lastly, Volume 3 shall comprise the detailed documentation of the sectoral

ii City Planning and Development Office

6. Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction

City Planning and Development Office iii

1.1 Situational Evaluation Analysis

The City Government of Tacloban recognizes the need for thorough

With the identification of the following concerns, the needed response

iv City Planning and Development Office

structures and improper drainage lines of private and government

Because of its distinct geographic characteristics, Tacloban City made

➢ Strict implementation of the “No Dwelling Zone” on identified areas in the

The traffic congestion of Tacloban City is one perennial concern even in

City Planning and Development Office v

Another concern of the City Government is the improper management

Urban growth and development will never be discounted as one of the

Climate Change is one phenomenon that is beginning to affect into the

vi City Planning and Development Office

1.2 Land Use Development Concept

The formulation of a conceptual land use plan includes a review of the

➢ Identification of problems, issues and concerns

➢ To decongest the central business district (CBD) by expanding towards

City Planning and Development Office vii

➢ To retrofit all government buildings in consideration of natural and man-

1.3 Land Use Strategies

The following strategies are formulated in support of the land use

The decongestion of the urban proper through expansion of the

➢ Construction of road networks to open new exits and entrances to the

viii City Planning and Development Office

➢ Extend Caiba-an road up to the national road in Pawing, Palo, Leyte.

1. Redesign the Master Drainage Plan adaptive to climate change to be

To minimize the impact of tsunami and storm surge, the following

➢ Establishing greenbelt zone along coastal areas as a mitigating

To integrate climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction

City Planning and Development Office ix

➢ Strengthen the CCA-DRR policies on land use regulations by

To respond to the worsening proliferation of urban informal settlers

➢ Construction of socialized housing units for the informal settlers under

The Eastern Visayas Agri-Industrial Park will provide adequate land

➢ Promote the Agri-Industrial Park and its existing tax incentives to

x City Planning and Development Office

To effectively harness the ecological conservation plan, the City

➢ Mangroves and fish sanctuaries

Land Use Planning is a tool towards the realization of the city’s

The participation of the different stakeholders in the planning process

Land allocation and planning will underline the various identified

City Planning and Development Office xi

Tacloban City, the premier city of Region 8, the gateway to Mindanao

In reference to the Haiyan (Yolanda) disaster, Tacloban City’s

Just like other local government units, Tacloban City’s CLUP, is

With the commitment of the various departments of the City Government

xii City Planning and Development Office

As the redevelopment should be in conformity with the new guidelines

In the standpoint of the City Government of Tacloban, the

City Planning and Development Office xiii