Sequence

A Sequence is a list of things (usually numbers) that are in order. When the sequence goes on forever
it is called an infinite sequence, otherwise it is a finite sequence. Here’s for the example
{1, 2, 3, 4, ...} is a very simple sequence (and it is an infinite sequence)
{1, 3, 5, 7} is the sequence of the first 4 odd numbers (and is a finite sequence)
{4, 3, 2, 1} is 4 to 1 backwards sequence
{0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, ...} is the sequence of alternating 0s and 1s (yes they are in order, it is an alternating
order in this case)
Sequences also use the same notation as sets: list each element, separated by a comma, and then put
curly brackets around the whole thing.

Rule
A Sequence usually has a Rule, which is a way to find the value of each term, to make it easier to use
rules, we often use this special style: x n

Sequence term :
x n is the term
𝑛 is the term number
Example: to mention the "5th term" we write: 𝑥_5

Now we going to the first special sequence

Arithmetic Sequences
In an Arithmetic Sequence the difference between one term and the next is a constant.
Example:
1 , 4 , 7 , 10 ,13 , 16 , 19 ,22 , 25 , …
This sequence has a difference of 3 between each number.

Its Rule is x n=3 n−2

In General we can write an arithmetic sequence like this:

{a ,(a+ d ,)(a+2 d ) ,(a+3 d ) ,… }

with its general rule is

x n=a+ ( n−1 ) d
Then
Geometric Sequences
In geometric sequence each term is found by multiplying the previous term by a constant. Example:
2 , 4 , 8 , 16 , 32, 64 ,128 , 256 , …
This sequence has a factor of 2 between each number..

Its Rule is x n=3 n−2

In General we can write a geometric sequence:

{a , ar , a r 2 , a r 3 , …}
with its general rule is:

x n=a r (n−1)
Read : nth terms is equal to a (first terms) multiply by r (ratio) to the n minus one power.

Series
Series is an operation to add a whole list of numbers or sum of an infinite terms that follow a rule, we
often use Sigma Notation for infinite series.
Arithmetic Series
Arithmetic series is a series with the difference between each term and next is a constant.
Example : The sum of ten plus 2n as n goes from zero to infinite is equal to 10+12+14+16+
continuing on indefinitely

∑ 10+ 2n=10+12+14+ 16+…

n=0

Now let’s take a look, the difference between each term is two, and its constant.
And we can sum of the first n terms with :
n
Sn= (2 a+ ( n−1 ) d)
2
With a is the first term, then d is the difference between the terms (called the "common difference").
In geometric series its called by geometric series when the ratio between each term and the next is a
constant.
Example :
∞

∑ 31n = 13 + 19 + 27
1 1
+ +…=
81
1
2
n =1

1
Then if we sum that series it will be equal to
2
Same as arithmetic series before we can sum of the first n terms with:

a (r n−1)
Sn =
r −1
Triangle
Triangle is a polygon with three sides and three angles. There are 3 type of triangle based on the
angle. It’s

Sine, Cosine, Tangent

Sine, Cosine, and Tangent are each a ratio of sides of a right triangle. Sides of right triangle is called
by hypotenuse, opposite, and adjacent.
opposite adjacent opposite
sin θ= , cos θ= , tan θ=
hypotenuse hypotenuse adjacent
Trigonometric Identities
Trigonometry also has an indetities its start with the Pythagorean theorem. Theorem says that, “in a
right triangle, the square of a plus the square of b is equal to the square of c .” Then it can be
simpliefied and become : sin2 θ +cos2 θ=1

a 2+b 2=c 2
Take a look at page
a2 b 2 c 2 a
+ =
c 2 c2 c 2 before the c is same
asTake a lookthe c at is page
b
a 2 b 2 sin θ also
() ()
c
+
c
=1
before the
a
θ c is same as
same as cos
sin2 θ +cos2 θ=1 b
sin θ also the
c is same as