Cranky Sleepy: Prevailing Reasons of

Sleep Deprivation among

HUMSS G12 Block 7

A Research Report
(Individual Category)

Presented to the Faculty of Senior High School

Humanities and Social Sciences

By
Rossvelt A. Rago

HUMSS 12 BLOCK 7
 February 2020

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………………... i

Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………….... iii

Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………………………….... iv

Chapter I: The Problem

Background of the Study……………………………………………………………….....1

Statement of the Problem………………………………………………………………….2

Assumptions and Hypothesis……………………………………………………………...2

Significance of the Study……………………………………………………………..…...3

Scope and Delimitation……………………………………………………………...…….4

Definition of Terms…………………………………………………………………..……4

Chapter II: Review of Related Literature

Related Literature………………………………………………………………………….7

Related Studies……….…………….……………………………………………………...7

Chapter III: Methodology

Research Design………………………………………………………………………….10

Sampling Technique……………………………………………………………………..10

Instrumentation……………………………………………………………………..……10

Data Gathering Procedure………………………………………………………………..11

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 Statistical Technique……………………………………………………………………..12

Chapter IV: Results and Analysis of Data

Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data………………………………………13

Chapter V: Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendations

Summary…………………………………………………………………………………19

Conclusions………………………………………………………………………………19

Recommendation………………………………………………………………………...19

References……………………………………………………………………………………….21

Appendices………………………………………………………………………………………22

Curriculum Vitae……………………………………………………………………………….23

Documentation………………………………………………………………………………….33

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 ABSTRACT

This study titled “Cranky Sleepy: Prevailing Reasons of Sleep Deprivation among

HUMSS G12 Block 7” explored the prevailing reasons of sleep deprivation among the students

and the correlation of gender to sleep deprivation. The research design was case study research.

The respondents were 43 students in total. Results suggested that majority of the respondents are

often sleep deprived in a week. the most frequent answers are due to social media and school

requirements. The results show a was very weak amount of correlation (r = -0.17, p = 0.4)

between gender and sleep deprivation implying that likelihood of sleep deprivation is not

associated with gender. The study recommends seminars and training about time management

dealing with school works, awareness programs to promote the importance of sleep and lessen of

sleep deprivation.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to extend our outmost gratitude and deep regard to the following people for

their immense contributions in the completion of this research:

To our research subject teacher Mrs. Liza Juanich for the guidance, valuable suggestions

and criticism that helped us in conducting our research in a much better way.

To our beloved parents who supported us morally, spiritually, and financially. To the

people who believed in us including the whole Humanities and Social Sciences block 7 and to

our friends who motivated me, supported me to continue this study and to my wonderful bed

who I rarely sleep on due to sleep deprivation.

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 Chapter I

The Problem

Introduction

Sleep deprivation is becoming a trend especially for the teenagers and adolescents alike.

There are many possible reasons of sleep deprivation and it has various effects to those who

experience it. It is becoming a trend nowadays as adolescents and teenagers seems to brag their

sleep without ever realizing the effects, and introspection in regards of causes of lack of sleep.

This study investigates the particular reasons of lack of sleep and how is it common to

adolescents.

Background of the study

Sleeping is very important to every human being. Sleeping is where the body fixes itself

through cellular regenerations and rests the mind. The recommended sleep that the students and

adolescents needed are eight hours of sleep, yet in this current generation sleeping less is

becoming of a trend; Students bragging the hours they slept to their peers. Sleeping less is not

healthy, and being sleep deprived can cause effects such as poor performance in school, mood

swings, heart disease, poor cognitive skills and low attention. In addition, modern technology

also affects the sleeping habits of adolescents through gadgets, staying late at night playing video

games, browsing through social media, surfing through internet, chatting with peers through

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midnight or even doing school requirements. Technology use at night affects our sleeping habits;

our hormone called melatonin are suppressed, making it difficult to fall asleep.

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this study was to know what are the prevailing reasons that students have

that causes their sleep deprivation. The following are the research questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Gender

2. What is the frequency of sleep deprivation of the students?

3. What are the prevailing reasons that causes sleep deprivation among the students?

4. Is there a relationship between gender and frequency of sleep deprivation among

students?

Assumptions

This study assumes that sleep deprivation is common among Grade 12 Block 7 of

Humanities and Social Science Students of Palawan National School s.y. 2019-2020. This study

assumes that men are likely to be sleep deprived than women and the prevailing reason of sleep

deprivation is social media.

Hypothesis

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 Null Hypothesis

Ho 1. Gender has no significant relationship to the level of sleep deprivation.

Alternative Hypothesis

Ha 2. Gender has significant relationship to the frequency of sleep deprivation.

Scope and Delimitations

This study focused on the prevailing reasons of sleep deprivation among students, the

respondents of the study are the grade 12 students of Palawan National School in Block 7.

Significance of the Study

The importance of this study determined the reasons of sleep deprivation among
senior high school students. Hence, this study will be beneficial to the following:

Parents: They would know what are the particular reasons that causes sleep deprivation

among their children

Teachers: The teachers would be aware of the causes of sleep deprivation, and would

teach students about sleeping hygiene, habits. By teaching students, teachers will have students

who will engage more in their classes.

Students: Awareness of the possible causes, prevailing reason and how it affects their

overall wellbeing.

Definition of Terms

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 Sleep Deprivation – Lack of sleep of the HUMSS students of Palawan National School

Reasons – Activities or causes that made the students experience sleep deprivation

Prevailing – Is the current and common reason why student sleep less than they need

Effect – What the students experience because of sleep deprivation

Adolescents - The students who are in adolescent category of age

Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

Foreign Literatures

Brinkman and Sharma (2019) defined that sleep is an “active state of unconsciousness

produced by the body where the brain is in relative state of rest and reactive to internal stimulus”.

According to the authors, the reason why of sleep is not fully known but can only be explained

by theories.

According to the National Sleep Foundation, only few of the adolescents get the

recommended nine hours of sleep and nearly half of them sleep less than the recommended

amount on school nights. Adolescents go to bed later on school nights and getting less sleep due

to the need to wake up early, as early as 6:30 am. Heavy load of classes, extracurricular activities

and socialization influence with being sleep deprived which leads to negative effects on the

health of the adolescents. Plaford (2009) stated that, “not getting enough sleep a couple days

builds up a deficiency.” According to Plaford, it eventually leads to the symptoms of getting less

sleep or sleep deprivation.

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Foreign Studies

Billari et al. (2018) discovered that people with internet access tend to sleep less than

those individuals who do not have access. The authors found that they are likely to sleep less

than the recommended amount of sleep. The study stated that electronic devices usage at evening

is a major factor why they sleep less. Furthermore, according to Woods and Scott (2016), poor

sleep is strongly associated with nighttime specifically social media use. Also, Xu et al. (2015)

stated in their study that more than half of undergraduates who use social media experience poor

quality sleep. According to Lund et. Al (2010) 1125 respondents ages 17-24 60% were poor

quality sleepers and experience problems in physical and psychological health. However, the

research explored emotional and academic stress were the major reason why there get poor

quality sleep. Poor sleep experience of the students was caused by psychological problems,

stress, smoking, pain, family problems, and sadness. Majority of the problems that causes poor

sleep experience were psychological problems and stress.

While according to Warlstrom et al. (2014) in their three-year research study, in 9000

students of eight public high schools, more than 60% students get less than eight hours per

school nights due to the starting school time. In the study, getting later starting school time

causes positive improvement, better performance at classes and subjects.

Local Literatures

According to Philippine Daily Inquirer, in the 2016 healthy living index survey, the

Philippines has of the highest rate of sleep deprivation in Asia. 46% of Filipinos don’t get

enough sleep and 32% sleep less than six hours.

Local Studies

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 According to a local study conducted in Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, school

works is the main problem why students are experiencing inadequate sleep according to Nacino

& Serafines (2019)

Chapter III

Methodology

Introduction

This chapter includes the methods that the researcher applied during gathering

information in addition, this will discuss about the what are the methods and how did the

researcher conducted his study. The methodology used in this study is a Case Study. This chapter

includes the research design, research methods, instrumentation used, data collection procedure

and data analysis.

Research Design

The research design that this study used is sequential exploratory. Collection of data

about the state of the subject of the study was involved. The researchers used qualitative and

quantitative data for assessing, analyzing and evaluating the prevailing reasons of sleep

deprivation among the students.

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Sampling Method

This study used a non-probability sampling specifically purposive sampling. Purposive

sampling is a sampling method in which the researcher select the respondents based on the

researcher’s judgement.

Instrumentation

The researcher developed a semi-structured questionnaire that includes the possible

reasons of sleep deprivation. The questionnaire includes their gender and the questions that are

included in the questionnaire would be based on the frequency of sleep deprivation, open ended

questions about the reason of their sleep deprivation.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers gave instructions to the respondents before answering the questionnaires

in order to ensure that the participants understand what our questions are about and for them to

answer the questions accurately. The researchers will also assure the anonymity of the

respondents. The data gathered from the returned survey questionnaires will then be tallied,

recorded, and analyzed.

The researchers will conduct a survey in the Palawan National School. First, the

researchers approached the grade 12 student of HUMSS 7 in their respective classroom. Second,

the researchers asked permission from the students to conduct a survey and explained what the

study was all about. When the respondents agreed to answer the survey, the researchers provided

xii
them with the questionnaire to answer. After the respondents have answered the questionnaires,

the researcher collected the answered questionnaires, ready for data analysis.

Statistical Techniques

The statistical techniques that this research study employed are two: descriptive statistical

technique to communicate findings of the study, its interpretation in visual form and Pearson-r

correlation to seek the relationship between gender and frequency of sleep deprivation.

Data Analysis

The researcher used statistical techniques to present the demographic profile, frequency

distribution of sleep deprivation, and transcribed the written text into codes and analyzed the

answers of the respondents to give presentation, analysis and interpretation of data. After

transcribing the data, the researchers used thematic analysis and coding to find the reoccurring

themes to the answers of the respondents.

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 CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the findings, analysis, and interpretations of data gathered whose

main objective is to discover the reasons of sleep deprivation among Senior High School

students.

More specifically, the researchers sought to answer the following questions: (1) What is

the demographic profile of students in terms of gender? (2) What is the frequency of the

respondent’s sleep deprivation? (3) What are the prevailing reasons that causes sleep

deprivation? (4) What is the correlation of gender and frequency of sleep deprivation among the

students?

Demographic Gender
Profile Male Female

42%

58% xiv
 Figure 1. Demographic Profile of the respondents in terms of gender

The demographic profile of block seven of Humanities and Social Sciences block seven

is that female students dominates the demographic, with 25 female students in comparison to 18

male students.

Sleep Deprivation
Frequency
20
18
16
14
12 Figure 2. Frequency
10
8 distribution of sleep
6
4 deprivation
2
0
Very Often Often Rarely Very Rarely
The figure shows

how often students are

sleep deprived in a week. The result shows that majority of the students of HUMSS Block 7 are

often sleep deprived. Furthermore, there are 13 students who are rarely sleep deprived and 10

students who are very often sleep deprived. Meanwhile 1 student answered very rarely sleep

deprived.

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Prevailing reasons of sleep deprivation among the students

The result of the answers was that majority of the respondents answered that the reason

of their sleep deprivation was because of entertainment, specifically social media, gadgets,

browsing internet, watching videos, and reading online books. Among the subcategories; social

media were the frequent reason of the students. Furthermore, one respondent stated that they

“[spend] too much time spending in social media…” similar to the answers of other students. In

addition, another prevailing reason of sleep deprivation was school works in which according to

the respondents, cause them sleep less.

Correlation of gender and frequency of sleep deprivation

There is a very weak correlation between gender and the frequency of their sleep

deprivation. The relationship between the variables is stated as -0.17 which means that there is

week association between the variables. This correlation indicates that there is no significant

relationship between gender and frequency of sleep deprivation.

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 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary, conclusion, and recommendation of the researcher

based on their findings. This study was aimed at determining the prevailing reason of sleep

deprivation among students. This study utilized the case study research design as it involved

studying a group, frequency of sleep deprivation and reason that prevailed among the answers of

the students. The study was conducted at Palawan National School, Puerto Princesa City,

Palawan and the respondents of the study were the G12 Senior High School students in the

HUMSS Block 7, during the school year 2020. The instrument used in the gathering of data was

survey questionnaire.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

The study found out that demographic profile of the HUMSS block seven consists of 25

female students and 18 male students. Most of the respondents are often sleep deprived per

week. It was also found out that the prevailing reasons of that cause sleep deprivation among the

students due to entertainment specifically social media and responsibilities specifically school

requirements. In addition, there is a weak correlation between the gender and frequency of sleep

deprivation of the students.

CONCLUSION

On the basis of the findings, the following conclusions were drawn:

The grade 12 students of Humanities and Social Sciences Block 7 are often sleep

deprived due to entertainment. Entertainment was the recurring theme within the answers of the

xvii
students and another recurring theme was school requirements. Entertainment are made of

different codes that are interconnected with each other through use of gadgets, internet, social

media and games. As students use such reasons as a way for entertainment and due to this, the

supposed time for sleeping and the duration of time of sleep is affected due to use of various

entertainments. Students would sleep less just to play games, scroll social media and browsing

through internet. Another recurring theme was responsibility, in which school requirements or

school works belong to. It’s the students’ responsibility to fulfill their school requirements thus

they would sleep less just to comply.

After finding the correlation between gender and sleep deprivation the result was it has

weak correlation (r=-0.17) with each other and has no significant relationship with each other (p

value=0.4). Therefore, we fail to reject the Null Hypothesis. This only signifies that there is no

association between gender and frequency of sleep deprivation; regardless of gender, male and

female students experience sleep deprivation.

RECOMMENDATIONS

In the research study that was conducted to determine the prevailing reasons of sleep

deprivation of the students. In this study, it was found out that the majority of students of G12

HUMSS Block 7 are often sleep deprived which could affect their health in the long run. The

results also found out that there is very weak correlation between gender and frequency of sleep

deprivation and has no significant relationship. For the future researchers, that this study will

guide in acknowledging the limit and other areas or variables that is possible to explore. The

sample size is small and limited to only one block thus they could also include the students from

other strands and tracks. Also, the researchers could use survey interview for data gathering for

xviii
more comprehensive answers of the respondents. Examining other possible variable that was

overlooked that affects procrastination and stress. Furthermore, this research recommends

seminars and workshops for time management for the students especially when dealing with

various school requirements, responsible use of gadgets, internet, social media and moderation in

entertainment and responsible management and seminars that brings awareness about importance

of sleep, effects of sleep deprivation and promotion to encourage students to have a full time of

sleep.

xix
REFERENCES

Websites

Dollarhide M. (2019) Definition of Social Media. Investopedia. Retrieved from

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/social-media.asp

National Sleep Foundation (2016) NSF’s Key Messages/Talking points. National Sleep
Foundation. Retrieved from
https://web.archive.org/web/20160418142432/https://sleepfoundation.org/sites/default/fil
es/Drowsy%20Driving-Key%20Messages%20and%20Talking%20Points.pdf

American Academy of Sleep Medicine (2008) Sleep deprivation. Retrieved from

https://aasm.org/resources/factsheets/sleepdeprivation.pdf

Journal Articles

Altun I., Cinar N., Dede C. (2012) The contributing factors to poor sleep experiences in
according to the university students: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Research in
Medical Sciences. Volume 17, issue 6, pp. 557-561

Billari, F. & Giuntella, O & Stella, L (2018) "Broadband internet, digital temptations, and sleep,"
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 58-76.

Brinkman JE, Sharma S. (2019). Physiology, Sleep. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls
Publishing. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482512/

Canan F. et al (2013) Internet addiction and sleep disturbance symptoms among Turkish high
school students. Sleep and Biological Rhythms, Volume 11 Issue 3, pp. 210-213

Long Xu X, Zhu RZ, Sharma M, Zhao Y (2015) The Influence of Social Media on Sleep
Quality: A Study of Undergraduate Students in Chongqing, China. Journal of Nurse &
Care.

Lund H., Reider B, Whiting A, Prichard J (2010) Sleep Patterns and Predictors of Disturbed
Sleep in a Large Population of College Students. Journal of Adolescent Health, Volume
46, Issue 2, pp. 124-132.

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Lemola, S., Perkinson-Gloor, N., Brand, S. (2015) et al. Adolescents’ Electronic Media Use at
Night, Sleep Disturbance, and Depressive Symptoms in the Smartphone Age. Journal of
Youth Adolescence. Volume 44, pp. 405–418

Nacino G., Serafines AM., (2019) Negative effect of sleep deprivation. Academia. Retreived
from
https://www.academia.edu/40731076/THE_NEGATIVE_EFFECT_OF_SLEEP_DEPRI
VATION

Plaford, G. (2009) Sleep and Learning: the magic that makes us healthy and smart. Lanham:
Rowman & Littlefield Education.

Woods H., Scott H. (2016) #Sleepyteens: Social media use in adolescence is associated with
poor sleep quality, anxiety, depression and low self-esteem. Journal of Adolescence,
Volume 51, pp. 41-49

Wahlstrom, K., Dretzke, B., Gordon, M., Peterson, K., Edwards, K., & Gdula, J. (2014).
Examining the Impact of Later School Start Times on the Health and Academic
Performance of High School Students: A Multi-Site Study. Center for Applied Research
and Educational Improvement. St Paul, MN: University of Minnesota.

xxi
APPENDICES

xxii
 APPENDIX A

Survey Questionnaire for Sleep Deprivation

Instructions
Mark (√) the place for each item that corresponds to the question and answer the question 3-4 from
the lines provided.

1. Do you experience sleep deprivation?

Ο Yes
Ο No

2. How often are you sleep deprived in a week?

Ο Very often
Ο Often
Ο Rarely
Ο Very rarely

3. What are the reasons of your sleep deprivation?

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

4. What do you often feel when you are sleep deprived?

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

5. Are you aware about the negative effects of sleep deprivation? If yes, what are those?

Ο Yes

Ο No

Negative Effects:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

xxiii
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Curriculum Vitae

Researcher

Personal Profile

Name: Rossvelt Abad Rago

Age: 19
Sex: Male
Birthday: December 12, 1999
Address: M.P. Road, Brgy. San Miguel, Puerto Princesa City
Contact no.: 09566426152
Parents: Dianatres A. Rago, Benjie T. Rago

Siblings: Jay R Samson, Romnick A. Rago, Daffodil A. Rago, Rossvelt A. Rago

Religion:

Educational Background

Elementary

School: Life College

Year Graduated: 2013-2014

Secondary

School: Life College

Year Graduated: 2015-2016

xxiv
DOCUMENTATION

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