LINDE STANDARD

Steels for Pressure Vessels

according to ASME VIII/1 LS 129-07
Requirements Part 2
Page 1 of 5

Contents

1  Scope ................................................................2 
2  General requirements .......................................2 
2.1  Equivalent materials ..........................................2 
2.2  Alternative materials ..........................................2 
2.3  Non-ASME / Non-ASTM materials ....................2 
2.4  Nonpressure parts .............................................2 
2.5  Impact testing of materials ................................2 
2.6  Tempered materials ..........................................2 
2.7  Welding .............................................................2 
3  Specific requirements ........................................3 
3.1  Materials ............................................................3 
3.2  Allowable stress values .....................................3 
3.3  Fusion welded parts ..........................................3 
3.4  Heat treatment...................................................3 
3.5  Testing...............................................................3 
3.6  Inspection and certification................................4 
4  Numerical index ................................................5 

Remarks on the current issue:

Revision: Updated. Included material requirements of Part 1. Editorially revised.
Previous issues: 07.97, 01.2000, 01.2005
Responsible department(s) for the technical content: ENM1
Confidentiality class 2 in accordance with LS 104-03: For project specific use only

X 05 12.2011 LEHQ-ENM1 / Mühlhan LEHQ-ENM1 / Dr. Köpf LEHQ-ENM1S / Fehr

Status Issue Date Prepared Checked Approved

Refer to protection notice ISO 16016. File name: LS 129-07.T2 (EN)

 Linde AG, Engineering Division Issue 05/12.2011 LS 129-07 Part 2 Page 2 of 5

1 Scope
This Linde Standard (LS) deals with the requirements for ferrous materials (steels) for construction of pressure
vessels in accordance with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1 (hereinafter
referred to as ASME VIII/1) and also highlights several ASME VIII/1 requirements supplementary to the basic
material specifications. The vessel manufacturer is responsible to ensure adherence to the requirements of
pressure vessel data sheet / specification, the present standard as well as ASME VIII/1 in all respects of
construction of the pressure vessels.

2 General requirements
2.1 Equivalent materials
Materials to ASTM specifications listed in Guideline on Acceptable ASTM Editions, Table ED-1 of ASME Boiler
& Pressure Vessel Code, Section II, Part A (hereinafter referred to as ASME II-A) may be used as equivalents
to those specified in the respective data sheet/specification.
2.2 Alternative materials
Any material specifications that are permitted by ASME VIII/1, Tables UCS-23, UHA-23 and UHT-23 and
ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, Section II, Part D (hereinafter referred to as ASME II-D), if suitable for
the application, can be used as alternatives to those specified in the respective data sheet/specification.
However, written approval for the proposed alternatives shall be obtained from Purchaser well in advance and
prior to the use of same.
2.3 Non-ASME / Non-ASTM materials
Materials produced to and identified with a specification not listed in ASME VIII/1, Tables UCS-23, UHA-23 and
UHT-23 may also be considered for use, provided all requirements of ASME VIII/1, UG-10 can be fulfilled.
Purchaser to be informed with the bid together with Authorized Inspector’s written concurrence for their use. The
maximum allowable stress values shall be established in accordance with ASME II-D, Appendices 1 and 2.
However, these values shall not exceed the allowable stresses permitted by ASME II-D for the ASME-
specification to which the material in question is to be recertified.
2.4 Nonpressure parts
Subject to prior written approval from Purchaser: Materials for nonpressure parts specified in the respective data
sheet / specification can be replaced by other standard specifications for materials provided that the substitute
material
 is identifiable with its specification; and
 is of established weldable quality, if attached to other components by welding; and
 has a similar chemistry as the recommended one(s); and
 has got a specified minimum strength level at least equal to that of the recommended one(s) in case of
loaded parts such as vessel skirts, skirt anchor chairs including compression / base rings, vessel saddles,
etc., which are dimensioned on the basis of specific allowable design stresses.
2.5 Impact testing of materials
The manufacturer of pressure vessel components which are of welded construction shall fulfil in all respects the
requirements of ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX and any other requirements of ASME VIII/1,
especially as regards impact testing.
2.6 Tempered materials
If any tempered material is to be used in fabrication of pressure vessels requiring a postweld heat treatment
(PWHT) due to thickness, service or any other reason, the tempering temperature shall be at least 20 °C to
30 °C above the minimum PWHT temperature required by ASME VIII/1.
2.7 Welding
Dissimilar welds, i.e. ferritic materials welded to austenitic ones, and austenitic filler materials for ferritic base
materials are as a rule prohibited and are permissible only with prior written approval from Purchaser.

Refer to protection notice ISO 16016. File name: LS 129-07.T2 (EN)

 Linde AG, Engineering Division Issue 05/12.2011 LS 129-07 Part 2 Page 3 of 5

3 Specific requirements
3.1 Materials
3.1.1 Pipe and tubing fabricated by fusion welding, with filler metal added, are not permitted for use unless
these are fabricated in total accordance with ASME VIII/1 Rules as a pressure part. Hence all material
specifications such as SA-358, SA-671, SA-672, SA-691 etc., are not permissible as such.
3.1.2 In case of material specifications which cover both seamless and welded products the fabrication
documents shall clearly indicate whether the material to be used in fabrication is seamless or welded.
3.2 Allowable stress values
3.2.1 In case of austenitic steels higher stress values based on short time tensile properties are permitted by
ASME II-D and this may lead to permanent distortions / leakage in flanged joints (see ASME II-D, Notes to
Table 1A, G5). In view of this the pressure vessels manufacturer shall employ only the lower stresses permitted
by ASME II-D for these joints.
3.2.2 In case of pipes, tubes etc., welded without addition of filler metal maximum allowable weld joint efficiency
is 0.85. The stresses tabulated in ASME II-D for many such materials take care of this and are correspondingly
lower than those for seamless material. Allowable stresses are established by dividing the tabulated stresses by
0.85.
However for several other materials, e.g. SA-403 fittings welded without filler material, SA-333 welded pipes and
SA-334 welded tubes, the stresses tabulated in ASME II-D do not include the weld joint efficiency of 0.85 thus
representing the allowable stresses. In order to establish the allowable circumferential stresses (for pressure
loading), the tabulated values shall be multiplied by 0.85.
3.2.3 9%-Nickel steels: The higher level code-allowable stresses may be used for nonwelded construction and
for welded construction supported by welding procedure tension test results of 690 MPa/100 ksi (equal to
minimum material strength) or more (see ASME II-D, Notes to Table 1A, W4). If procedure test results are
below 690 MPa / 100 ksi but not less than 655 MPa / 95 ksi the lower level code-allowable stresses (equal to
95% of the higher level stresses) alone are permissible (see ASME II-D, Notes to Table 1A, W5). This applies to
SA-420 Gr.WPL8-W fittings, too.
3.2.4 When Type 304L or 316L is specified in the respective data sheet / specification, dual certification
304 / 304L resp. 316 / 316L is required in order to use the slightly higher strength of Type 304 or 316.
3.3 Fusion welded parts
For vessel parts such as nozzle pipes, welded dished ends, etc. fabricated by fusion welding with filler metal
added (see also 3.1.1 above) all welding including welding procedure qualifications (PQRs), welder
performance qualifications (WPQs), impact requirements including production test plates (as per ASME VIII/1,
UG-20, UG-84 and UHA-51 / UHT-6 & UHT-82 / UCS-66 & UCS-67, as applicable) and PWHT (according to
ASME VIII/1, UW-40, UCS-56 and UHT-56) shall be in total conformance with ASME VIII/1 and ASME Boiler
and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX. These parts require Authorized Inspection including Code Stamp and
Partial Data Reports.
3.4 Heat treatment
3.4.1 Tempering temperature for 9%-Nickel steels shall be minimum 600 °C, since PWHT temperature is
550 °C to 585 °C.
3.4.2 Final heat treatment for SA-420 Gr.WPL8 and WPL8-W fittings shall be in accordance with the
requirements of SA-333 for Gr.8 pipes.
3.4.3 Test coupons representing all 9%-Nickel materials shall be subjected before specimen preparation to a
simulated PWHT, if PWHT after fabrication is required.
3.4.4 Test specimens representing plates, pipes, heat exchanger tubes, non-standard forgings (e.g., tube
sheets) and non-standard fittings of low alloy steels shall be subjected before specimen preparation to a
simulated PWHT, if PWHT after fabrication is required. Flanges and fittings according to ANSI Standards are
exempted from this requirement.
3.5 Testing
3.5.1 For hubbed tube sheets additional tension tests in axial direction is required; according to ASME VIII/1,
UW 13(f).

Refer to protection notice ISO 16016. File name: LS 129-07.T2 (EN)

 Linde AG, Engineering Division Issue 05/12.2011 LS 129-07 Part 2 Page 4 of 5

3.5.2 Welded tubes for heat exchangers for which "lethal" service is specified in the respective data
sheet / specification require additional nondestructive examination and pressure tests according to ASME VIII/1,
UW-2(a)(3).
3.5.3 For strain hardened (Class 2) austenitic bolting materials hardness testing on the ends of the studs or
bolts as per material specifications SA-193 or SA-320 is not sufficient. Maximum permissible hardness is
Rockwell C35 immediately under thread roots and shall be taken on a flat area at least 3 mm across, prepared
by removing threads; no more material than necessary shall be removed to prepare the flat area. Hardness
tests shall be made at the same frequency as tensile tests.
3.5.4 NDE of welds in welded fittings shall be conducted only after completion of all forming operations.
3.5.5 For fusion welded fittings, SA-420 Gr. WPL8-W and SA-403 ultrasonic examination instead of 100%
radiography (RT) of all welds is not permissible.
3.5.6 Impact testing of materials and weldments shall comply with ASME VIII/1, UG-84. In case of plates the
requirements of UG-84 are more stringent than those of ASME SA-20. The same applies to all other product
forms which are not normally considered as materials for low temperature service, e.g. SA-106. Similarly the
lateral expansion requirements for 9%-nickel steels as per ASME VIII/1, UHT-6 are more stringent for higher
thicknesses as compared to the requirements of the material specifications.
3.5.7 In case of product forms which are not normally considered as materials for low temperature service, e.g.
SA 106, the impact test temperature shall take care of any reduction as required by UG-84, when the largest
possible test specimen has a width less than 80% of the material nominal thickness.
3.5.8 In case of impact tested materials the heat treatment condition of the materials shall be stated in the
material certification, since for qualification of welding procedures the qualification test plate material has to be
in the same heat treated condition as the materials for fabrication.
3.5.9 Impact tests for SA-420 Gr.WPL8 fittings shall be in accordance with the requirements of ASME VIII/1,
UHT-6 and UHT-82; i.e., minimum 0.4 mm lateral expansion opposite to the notch shall be proven and certified.
The impact energy absorption requirements of SA-420 are not adequate.
3.5.10 For a MDMT of -101 °C (-150 °F) and warmer SA 320 Grades L7 and L43 bolting materials in
combination with SA 194 Grades 4 and 7 both with Supplementary Requirement S3 may be used without any
additional tests for lateral expansion.
3.5.11 SA-453 Gr. 660 shall be impact tested at Minimum Design Metal Temperature in accordance with
ASME VIII/1, UHA-51(a).
3.5.12 For SA-203 Gr. D / Gr. E Supplementary Requirement S5 to be specified with impact test temperature as
per SA-20; however, impact energy required as per ASME VIII/1, Fig. UG 84.1.
3.5.13 Materials for attachments directly welded onto pressure parts, vessel supports such as saddles, brackets
and top 1000 mm of skirt / legs (unless these have been impact tested as required by their applicable material
specification) shall fulfil the impact test requirements of ASME VIII/1, UG-20, UG-84 and UCS-66.
3.6 Inspection and certification
Vessel parts such as nozzle pipe, special fittings etc., fabricated by fusion welding with filler metal added (see
3.1.1 above) require Authorized Inspection including Code Stamp and Partial Data Reports. This requirement
does not apply to fusion welded standard fittings in accordance with ASME VIII/1, UG-11(c) and meeting all
ASME VIII/1 impact requirements.

Refer to protection notice ISO 16016. File name: LS 129-07.T2 (EN)

 Linde AG, Engineering Division Issue 05/12.2011 LS 129-07 Part 2 Page 5 of 5

4 Numerical index
Table 1: Numerical index

ASME Reference Paragraph ASME Reference Paragraph

Specification in LS 129-07 Part 2 Specification in LS 129-07 Part 2
SA-53 3.1.2, 3.2.2, 3.5.6, 3.5.7 SA-320 3.5.3, 3.5.10
SA-105 3.5.1, 3.5.6 SA-333 3.1.2, 3.2.2, 3.2.3, 3.4.1, 3.4.3, 3.4.4, 3.5.6
SA-106 3.5.6, 3.5.7 SA-334 3.1.2, 3.2.2, 3.2.3, 3.4.1, 3.4.3, 3.4.4, 3.5.2
SA-178 3.2.2, 3.5.2, 3.5.6, 3.5.7 3.5.6
SA-179 3.5.6, 3.5.7 SA-335 3.4.4, 3.5.6, 3.5.7
SA-181 3.5.1, 3.5.6 SA-336 3.2.1, 3.4.4, 3.5.1, 3.5.6
SA-182 3.2.1, 3.4.4, 3.5.1, 3.5.6 SA-350 3.4.4, 3.5.1
SA-192 3.5.6, 3.5.7 SA-353 3.2.3, 3.4.1, 3.4.3, 3.5.6
SA-193 3.5.3 SA-358 3.1.1, 3.3, 3.6
SA-194 3.5.10 SA-387 3.3, 3.4.4, 3.5.6
SA-199 3.4.4, 3.5.6, 3.5.7 SA-403 3.1.2, 3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.5.4, 3.5.5, 3.6
SA-203 3.3, 3.4.4, 3.5.6, 3.5.12 SA-420 3.1.2, 3.2.3, 3.4.1,3.4.2, 3.4.3, 3.4.4, 3.5.4,
SA-204 3.3, 3.4.4, 3.5.6 3.5.5, 3.5.6, 3.5.9
SA-209 3.4.4, 3.5.6, 3.5.7 SA-453 3.5.11
SA-213 3.2.1, 3.4.4, 3.5.6, 3.5.7 SA-516 3.3, 3.5.6, 3.5.8
SA-214 3.2.2, 3.5.2, 3.5.6, 3.5.7 SA-522 3.2.3, 3.4.1, 3.4.3, 3.5.1, 3.5.6
SA-234 3.1.2, 3.4.4, 3.5.4, 3.5.6, 3.5.7 SA-537 3.3, 3.5.6, 3.5.8
SA-240 3.2.1, 3.3 SA-553 3.2.3, 3.3, 3.4.1, 3.4.3, 3.5.6
SA-249 3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.5.2 SA-671 3.1.1, 3.3, 3.6
SA-250 3.2.2, 3.4.4, 3.5.2, 3.5.6, 3.5.7 SA-672 3.1.1, 3.3, 3.6
SA-266 3.5.1, 3.5.6 SA-691 3.1.1, 3.3, 3.6
SA-312 3.1.2, 3.2.1, 3.2.2 SA-765 3.4.4, 3.5.1

Refer to protection notice ISO 16016. File name: LS 129-07.T2 (EN)